CN100436031C - Laser precision coated powder coaxial device - Google Patents
Laser precision coated powder coaxial device Download PDFInfo
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- CN100436031C CN100436031C CNB2005101120410A CN200510112041A CN100436031C CN 100436031 C CN100436031 C CN 100436031C CN B2005101120410 A CNB2005101120410 A CN B2005101120410A CN 200510112041 A CN200510112041 A CN 200510112041A CN 100436031 C CN100436031 C CN 100436031C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a laser precision coated powder coaxial device which is composed of a cylinder body, a focusing mirror, a beam absorber, a powder feed pipe fixed to a T-shaped barrel body, a cooling water jacket, a protecting gas pipe, etc. The present invention is characterized in that the center of the mirror surface of a reflecting mirror which is arranged in the inner cavity of the cylinder body along the direction of incident light has a through hole and a through groove which is connected and communicated with the outer edge of a mirror lens; an inner cone beam absorber with a cooling water channel is arranged in the cylinder body in the extrusion direction of incident light on the back of the reflecting mirror; a focusing mirror is arranged in a lower cavity of the T-shaped barrel body, a bending power feed pipe which is arranged in the cavity of the cylinder body is extended into the cylinder body from the outside of the cylinder body below the focusing mirror, and a pipe body extending part formed after the power feed pipe is bent, the focusing mirror arranged in the upper cavity and the center of the through hole on the reflecting mirror are in the positions of the same axial line. The present invention has the advantage that the present invention feeds powder from the center of focused beam, actually realizes the goal that light and powder are coaxial, has simple structure, is easy to regulate, and feeds powder accurately and stably. The present invention is suitable for laser cladding, laser alloying, laser welding, laser rapid prototype manufacture, etc.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of laser processing, be specifically related to particularly laser accurate cladding light powder coaxial device of laser melting coating.
Background technology
The laser accurate cladding is mainly used in fine coatings cladding, the three-dimensional manufacturing fast of machine parts'precise etc.In cladding process, laser beam irradiation also focuses on the shaping finished surface, and powder feeder is sent into metal dust in the laser focal beam spot on the shaping finished surface.Do the motion that is shaped by the relative drip molding of computer control laser head with powder feeder, the powder smelting that the laser beam that moves is sent into the powder feeder of servo-actuated in differing formed position and constantly form new molten bath, powder is fusing and rapid solidification fast, thereby realizes accurate cladding forming.In this dynamic process, it is a key and a difficult problem that realizes accurate cladding and guarantee Forming Quality that powder is accurately sent in the laser focal beam spot on the shaping machined surface all the time.
Both at home and abroad prior art mainly contains two kinds of biasing powder feeding and coaxial powder-feedings.In the biasing dust feeder in early days, the laser beam vertical incidence also focuses on the finished surface, and the relative light beam of nozzle tilts to install, and powder is sent in the laser facula in inclination impelling mode.This device is generally the single track powder feeding, and structure is simpler, but powder feeding has tangible directionality, causes the light powder to depart from the processing easily.Along with technical development, American and Britain, moral, medium state have all developed coaxial powder-feeding nozzle separately.As United States Patent (USP) (US5418350; US5477026; US5961862), European patent (WO2005028151), Japan Patent (JP2005219060) etc. disclose multiple coaxial powder feeding head, its basic structure all adopts multilayer concentric cone barrel formula, wherein comprises axis light paths, mill diagram passage, waterway channel and gas channels.Its middle flour way passage is the irradiation of avoiding laser beam, the annular powder road or the multiple tracks powder feeding pipe structure that on cylindrical shell, are in tilted layout have been adopted on every side around path channels, and then the powder bundle of output is adjusted on the beam center line and converges to a bit, make this convergent point just in time be in the finished surface of workpiece, the adjustment beam focus overlaps with the convergent point of each powder bundle or is close before processing simultaneously.
China also furthers investigate at the coaxial powder-feeding technical elements, and the coaxial powder-feeding shower nozzle has been done many improvement.Document " Chinese material engineering grand ceremony the 25th volume " (the Wang Zhiyao chief editor. Beijing: Chemical Industry Press, 2006) combine existing coaxial powder-feeding technology both at home and abroad, various coaxial powder feeding heads are all adopting on the automatic powder feeding system on cylindrical shell around evenly the be in tilted layout organization plan of annular or 2～8 tunnel powder feeding passages of center light paths, need divide equally the powder amount during powder feeding and give multichannel, the inclination of multichannel powder is sprayed and is pooled a bit.
Existing coaxial powder feeding apparatus has the following disadvantages owing to adopt many powder channels and the relative beam center inclination of powder channel:
(1) needs the meticulous bundle that tiltedly dusts of regulating the output of multichannel inclination powder channel on the beam center line, to converge and be a bit, because the powder amount of each powder road ejection, injection dynamics are difficult to evenly with the orientation, symmetry and consistent, the end is converged and is regulated difficulty so tiltedly dust in each road, and powder converges precision to be difficult to guarantee.
(2) need adjusting each road powder converges and makes beam focus to overlap with it or close at finished surface.The relative coaxial powder feeding head of surface of the work has the upper-lower position change in process, be that the relative finished surface of beam focus is when being positive out of focus or negative out of focus, powder bundle convergent point also will be higher or lower than finished surface, fall multichannel on the finished surface Shu Shangwei that tiltedly dusts like this and converge or disperse, all cause the powder area to strengthen.
(3) parameter correlations such as pressure and form are carried in the speed of powder bundle impelling, orientation, whereabouts etc. with powder sending quantity, powder size and flowability, gas, when work in-process fluctuates as above-mentioned parameter occurring, will cause powder Shu Huiju instability, its askew partially degree and disperse area and strengthen, powder drop point separate with hot spot or the time from the time close.
(4) because of powder can not accurately fall in the laser focal beam spot, for guaranteeing to fall into the powder amount in the hot spot, need to strengthen powder sending quantity, will cause powder using efficiency to reduce like this, the light powder departs to cause and drops on the outer peripheral powder of hot spot and be subjected to the balling-up of hot spot heat affecting meeting sintering.The problem of above-mentioned existence all will cause adverse effect to cladding precision and cladding quality, and precision process such as meticulous cladding of feasible realization laser and three-dimensional manufacturing fast are difficult.
Summary of the invention
Task of the present invention provides a kind of laser precision coated powder coaxial device, the intrafascicular heart of this device powder overlaps with beam center, do not need to regulate multichannel powder bundle convergent point, under out of focus or powder feeding parameter situation of change, still powder accurately can be sent in the laser focal beam spot on the shaping machined surface.
This laser precision coated powder coaxial device, comprise T type shape cylindrical shell 11, focus lamp 14, beam absorption body 12, be fixed in the powder feeding pipe 19 on barrel cylindrical shell 11, and cooling jacket 111 and protection tracheae 112, it is characterized in that: the speculum 13 that is arranged on cylindrical shell 11 inner chambers along the incident light direction, its minute surface center has a through hole 22, and the groove 23 that through hole is communicated with its eyeglass outer; In the cylindrical shell 11 of the incident light bearing of trend at these speculum 13 back sides, a beam absorption body 12 that has the extinction inner conical surface and be equipped with cooling water channel 121 is being set also; Simultaneously, in the lower cavity of T type shape cylindrical shell 11, settling a slice focus lamp 14, at the cylinder lumen of this focus lamp below 14 a right angle bending shape powder feeding pipe 19 that puts in is being set outside cylindrical shell 11, and the downward extension body that requires the powder feeding pipe 19 after the bending and the center of being located at described focus lamp 14 in the powder feeding pipe overhead cylinder cavity and the through hole 22 on the speculum 13 are in same axial location.
The axial trend of the groove 23 on described speculum 13 minute surfaces should with the level of powder feeding pipe 19 to body on same vertical plane.
Be located at the speculum 13 and the focus lamp 14 of being located at the bottom cylinder lumen of cylindrical shell 11 incident light directions, substitute by being located at a slice reflect focalization mirror that with the speculum same position, also on minute surface, is provided with through hole 22, groove 23 equally.
Described powder feeding pipe sectional dimension, length, its spout to the distance of beam focus are complementary with described taper no light zone size, and powder feeding pipe is in the taper no light zone, make spout as far as possible near the cylindrical shell light-emitting window simultaneously.
The through hole cross sectional shape of opening is circle or rectangle, and corresponding described powder feeding pipe cross section also is circle, rectangle or calandria structure, and cylindrical shell light-emitting window shape also corresponds to circle or rectangle.
The present invention is owing to adopted band opening speculum technology, formed the taper no light zone in the focused beam between focus lamp and focus, thereby powder feeding pipe can be placed on the no light zone of beam center and can not be subjected to the irradiation of laser beam, realized that the intrafascicular heart of powder overlaps fully with beam center, the powder bundle can vertically be ejected in the focal beam spot of finished surface along beam center line direction.Compare with existing laser coating and powder feeding device, can reach following beneficial effect:
1, the coaxial installation of the relative focused beam of powder feeding pipe, light, powder centering are regulated easily, and coaxial with beam center all the time after generally not needing re-adjustments and making the ejection of powder bundle, powder vertically sprays than tilting to spray and converges Du Genggao, disperses slower.Need not adjust that multichannel powder bundle converges on the beam center line and with the registration of beam focus.
2, working surface changing position how no matter, single Shu Fenmo is coaxial with light beam all the time, drop point is aimed at spot center always, avoided the tube cell angle mount bring powder tiltedly the directionality of spray and working face up and down the out of focus fluctuation change the powder bundle that causes not polymerization and divergence problem.
3, the variation fluctuation of carrying pressure and other parameters of work in-process powder sending quantity, powder size and flowability, gas do not influence powder bundle and hot spot to neutrality.
4, the confession powder is accurate, the uniformity is high.Make existing dust feeder powder feeding powder amount inaccurate, that fall into hot spot fluctuate, be scattered and cause hot spot to be greatly improved greatly to melting, melt more, superfuse or owe molten problem lacking of powder, powder is scattered few on the machined surface, the sintered particles that molten edge, road is owed to melt reduces, molten road is more clear, ratio of defects reduces, and precision quality and powder using efficiency all are improved.
5, apparatus of the present invention have been removed the multichannel powder feeding pipe structure of evenly arranging along circumference in the prior art, and barrel diameter is littler, and structure is simpler, compact.Also reduced by reflection of finished surface laser and thermal-radiating cylindrical shell lower surface area, can improve cooling effect, the extension fixture life-span.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is laser precision coated powder coaxial device example structure figure;
Fig. 2 is Fig. 1 and Fig. 3 observe speculum from the incident light direction opening shape figure;
Fig. 3 is another example structure of laser precision coated powder coaxial device figure;
Fig. 4 is the speculum opening shape figure of band rectangular through-hole.
Among the figure 11, cylindrical shell 111, cooling jacket 12, beam absorption body 121, cooling water channel 13, speculum 14, focus lamp 15, taper no light zone 16, focus point 17, light-emitting window 18, spout 19, powder feeding pipe 20, set screw 21, opening 22,22 ', through hole 23,23 ', groove 24, workpiece 33, reflect focalization mirror
The specific embodiment
Application Example one:
With reference to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, the reflection of light beam and focusing are finished by plane speculum 13 and transmission-type focus lamp 14 respectively, are suitable for the transmission focusing occasion.Plane speculum 13, focus lamp 14, beam absorption body 12, powder feeding pipe 19 are installed in the cylindrical shell 11 successively.One opening 21 is arranged on the plane speculum 13, and opening form is: in plane speculum 13 centres one manhole 22 is arranged, also have the rectangular through slot 23 that through hole 22 is communicated with the eyeglass outer.At the rear of plane speculum 13 beam absorption body 12 is installed along the incident light direction.Laser beam incides on the plane speculum 13 from Fig. 1 left end is parallel earlier, and after this light beam is divided into two parts.Part light beam sees through the opening 21 of plane speculum 13, enters in the beam absorption body 12, and beam absorption body 12 has an extinction inner conical surface, on it coating light absorbent, and have recirculated cooling water road 121.After light beam enters beam absorption body 12, be absorbed and be transformed into heat energy, take away by recirculated cooling water again.Another part light beam then is incident on the minute surface of plane speculum 13 except that opening 21, and this segment beam becomes the light beam of hollow belt opening with vertical reflection, and is focused on by transmission-type focus lamp 14 and to form focus 16.Thus, in the taper focused beam between transmission-type focus lamp 14 and its focus 16, formed a taper no light zone 15 that cross section is corresponding with speculum opening 21 shapes.Powder feeding pipe 19 is fixed on the sidewall of cylindrical shell 11, and the no light zone that form over against described groove 23 correspondences from transmission focusing mirror 14 belows stretch into and are bent into focused beam coaxial in the center of the through hole 22 corresponding no light zone that form.Spout 18 on the powder feeding pipe 19 near and towards the light-emitting window 17 of cylindrical shell 11.
Through hole 22 cross sectional shapes on the speculum of plane described in the present embodiment 13 are circular, focus on the focus 16 that forms by transmission-type focus lamp 14 and be circular light spot, the cross sectional shape of corresponding powder feeding pipe 19 bottoms and spout 17 also is circular, and the shape of the light-emitting window 17 of cylindrical shell 11 bottoms also corresponds to circle.The diameter of powder feeding pipe 19, length, spout 18 to parameters such as the distance of cylindrical shell light-emitting window 17 and taper no light zone 15 sizes is complementary, make spout 18 as far as possible close cylindrical shell light-emitting windows 17 guaranteeing that powder feeding pipe 19 is under prerequisite taper no light zone 15 in, with dispersing of further minimizing powder bundle.Finely tune by turnover and the swing of regulating 20 pairs of powder feeding pipe 19 of screw thread, overlap with the focused beam center with the center that guarantees powder feeding pipe 19 and spout 18 thereof.Inert gas inleting pipe 112 also is installed on the cylindrical shell 11, outside cylindrical shell light-emitting window 17, sprays inert gas in the work and go up the oxidation that the flue dust that produce enter in the cylindrical shell 11 and prevent cladding material to avoid workpiece 24 surfaces.Recirculated cooling water cover 111 is installed in the cylindrical shell bottom, avoids its Stimulated Light reflection and processing heat radiation influence in order to cooling cylindrical shell bottom inside and outside wall.
Application Example two:
With reference to Fig. 3, Fig. 2, the reflection of light beam and focusing are all finished by reflect focalization mirror 33, are suitable for the reflect focalization occasion.Reflect focalization mirror 33, beam absorption body 12, powder feeding pipe 19 are installed in the cylindrical shell 11 successively.Wherein on the reflect focalization mirror 33 opening 21 is arranged, the planform of opening 21 such as Fig. 2 are made up of through hole 22 and groove 23.At the rear of reflect focalization mirror 33 beam absorption body 12 is installed along the incident light direction.When laser beam is parallel incide reflect focalization mirror 33 after separated into two parts, after entering beam absorption body 12, the opening 21 of part light beam penetration focus lamp 33 is absorbed, the light beam that another part is incident on reflect focalization mirror 33 part except that opening 21 is formed focus 16 by direct reflect focalization, and in the taper focused beam between reflect focalization mirror 33 and its focus 16 the corresponding taper no light zone 15 of the opening 21 of cross section of formation and reflect focalization mirror 33.Powder feeding pipe 19 is fixed on cylindrical shell 11 sides, stretches in the no light zone 15 from focusing mirror 33 belows over against the position of groove 23 and is bent into focused beam coaxial in the center of corresponding through hole 22.Spout 18 on the powder feeding pipe 19 near and towards the light-emitting window 17 of cylindrical shell 11.The diameter of powder feeding pipe 19, length, spout 18 to the size of parameters such as the distance of cylindrical shell light-emitting window 17 and taper no light zone 15 is complementary, make spout 18 as far as possible close cylindrical shell light-emitting windows 17 guaranteeing that powder feeding pipe 19 is under prerequisite taper no light zone 15 in, with dispersing of further minimizing powder bundle.Finely tune by turnover and the swing of regulating 20 pairs of powder feeding pipe 19 of screw thread, overlap with the focused beam center with the center that guarantees spout 18.Parts such as inert gas inleting pipe, recirculated cooling water cover also are installed on the cylindrical shell 11.
Application Example three:
With reference to Fig. 4, for embodiment one and embodiment two, opening 21 is arranged on the speculum of laser precision coated powder coaxial device, opening 21 is by rectangular through-hole 22 ' and rectangular through slot 23 ' form.Incident beam can become rectangular light spot by the focus that focus lamp focuses on, and rectangle or calandria structure are made in the cross section of corresponding powder feeding pipe bottom and its spout, and the cylindrical shell light-emitting window also should be rectangle relatively.Present embodiment can be suitable for the cladding of accurate broadband from the spout ejection rectangle powder bundle coaxial with the taper focused beam of square-section.
The present invention is performed such work: directly launched by laser instrument, or laser instrument emission back is by reflection, transmission, expand bundle and wait the collimated laser beam that is converted to, after the mirror reflects by band opening among the present invention, a light beam part is absorbed, another part becomes the light beam of hollow belt opening, when the opening light beam is focused in cylindrical shell and during the directive finished surface, the powder feeding pipe that is arranged in the taper no light zone is coaxial with light beam, powder bundle in the powder feeding pipe is carried by modes such as gas carry and is sprayed by spout, the powder bundle vertically is ejected in the focal beam spot of surface of the work along beam center line direction, realizes the precision of light to powder, accurately cladding.
Claims (5)
1, a kind of laser precision coated powder coaxial device, comprise T type shape cylindrical shell (11), focus lamp (14), beam absorption body (12), be fixed in the powder feeding pipe (19) on the cylindrical shell (11), and cooling jacket (111) and protection tracheae (112), it is characterized in that: the speculum (13) that is arranged on cylindrical shell (11) inner chamber along the incident light direction, its minute surface center has a through hole (22), and the groove (23) that through hole is communicated with its eyeglass outer; In the cylindrical shell (11) of the incident light bearing of trend at this speculum (13) back side, a beam absorption body (12) that has the extinction inner conical surface and be equipped with cooling water channel (121) is being set also; Simultaneously, in the lower cavity of T type shape cylindrical shell (11), settling a slice focus lamp (14), at the cylinder lumen below this focus lamp (14) a right angle bending shape powder feeding pipe (19) that puts in is being set outside cylindrical shell (11), and the downward extension body that requires the powder feeding pipe (19) after the bending and the center of being located at described focus lamp (14) in the powder feeding pipe overhead cylinder cavity and the through hole (22) on the speculum (13) are in same axial location.
2, a kind of laser precision coated powder coaxial device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the axial trend of the groove (23) on described speculum (13) minute surface should with the level of powder feeding pipe (19) to body on same vertical plane.
3, a kind of laser precision coated powder coaxial device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: be located at the speculum (13) of cylindrical shell (11) incident light direction and be located at the focus lamp (14) of bottom cylinder lumen, by be located at the speculum same position, and a slice reflect focalization mirror that on minute surface, is provided with through hole (22), groove (23) equally substitute.
4, as laser precision coated powder coaxial device as described in one of claim 1 to 3, it is characterized in that: described powder feeding pipe sectional dimension, length, its spout to the distance of beam focus are complementary with taper no light zone size, powder feeding pipe is in the described taper no light zone, makes spout simultaneously as far as possible near the cylindrical shell light-emitting window.
5, as laser precision coated powder coaxial device as described in one of claim 1 to 3, it is characterized in that: the through hole cross sectional shape of opening is circle or rectangle, corresponding described powder feeding pipe cross section also is circle or rectangle, and cylindrical shell light-emitting window shape also corresponds to circle or rectangle.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CNB2005101120410A CN100436031C (en) | 2005-12-27 | 2005-12-27 | Laser precision coated powder coaxial device |
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| CNB2005101120410A CN100436031C (en) | 2005-12-27 | 2005-12-27 | Laser precision coated powder coaxial device |
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| CN1814391A CN1814391A (en) | 2006-08-09 |
| CN100436031C true CN100436031C (en) | 2008-11-26 |
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| CNB2005101120410A Expired - Fee Related CN100436031C (en) | 2005-12-27 | 2005-12-27 | Laser precision coated powder coaxial device |
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