CN114643410B - Coaxial wire feeding laser manufacturing method and device - Google Patents

Coaxial wire feeding laser manufacturing method and device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114643410B
CN114643410B CN202210437819.9A CN202210437819A CN114643410B CN 114643410 B CN114643410 B CN 114643410B CN 202210437819 A CN202210437819 A CN 202210437819A CN 114643410 B CN114643410 B CN 114643410B
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laser
wire
wire feeding
feeding pipe
lens
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CN114643410A (en
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马广义
宋晨晨
蔡思俊博
鲁金忠
牛方勇
程龙
吴东江
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Dalian University of Technology
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Dalian University of Technology
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/34—Laser welding for purposes other than joining
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/04—Automatically aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam, e.g. using the back-scattered light
    • B23K26/046—Automatically focusing the laser beam
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
    • B23K26/064—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms
    • B23K26/0643—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms comprising mirrors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
    • B23K26/064—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms
    • B23K26/0652—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms comprising prisms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Abstract

A coaxial wire feeding laser manufacturing method and a device belong to the field of laser manufacturing. The device is based on a reflection type light splitting principle, a light splitting light path part is not provided with a lens, internal focusing generated when the lens in the processing head is split is avoided, the heating and ionization phenomena of air inside the processing head are eliminated, the accuracy of the light path is guaranteed, and in addition, the real-time adjustment of the focal length can be realized by changing the relative position of a reflector in the system. The device can realize the coaxial wire feeding laser manufacturing method, and is suitable for manufacturing modes such as laser additive manufacturing, laser welding and the like. According to the invention, by splitting the light beam, accurate coaxial conveying of the wire material and the light beam can be realized, so that coaxial wire feeding laser manufacturing is realized.

Description

Coaxial wire feeding laser manufacturing method and device
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of laser manufacturing, and relates to a coaxial wire feeding laser manufacturing method and device.
Background
The laser additive manufacturing technology is different from the traditional material reducing processing technology in the manufacturing mode, the solid part can be directly prepared according to the three-dimensional model of the part, a series of working procedures such as die design, casting and forging in the traditional manufacturing technology are omitted, and the preparation period of the part is greatly shortened. Meanwhile, the laser additive manufacturing technology expands the imagination space of designers, so that the shape of the part is not restricted by the traditional manufacturing process. In addition, the density and the mechanical property of the formed metal part can reach the level of a forged piece by optimizing the laser additive manufacturing process parameters, so that the actual engineering requirements are met.
According to different forms of forming raw materials, laser additive manufacturing can be divided into powder type laser additive manufacturing and wire type laser additive manufacturing, wherein the wire type laser additive manufacturing technology has the following advantages: 1) Wire has a higher material utilization than powder. The utilization of the powder is generally below 50% or even lower, while the recycling of the used powder may have an adverse effect on the performance of the part. The utilization rate of the wire can reach 100 percent, and raw materials are greatly saved. 2) The wire type laser additive manufacturing is safer. Because laser vibration material disk has high temperature process, for some metal materials especially light alloy, there is detonation hidden danger in the powder vibration material disk, simultaneously because the particle size of powder is about tens of microns generally, so easily cause the pollution to the surrounding environment. And wire type laser additive manufacturing greatly reduces the danger and avoids environmental pollution. 3) The preparation process of the wire is simpler and the cost is lower. The preparation process of the powder is complex, the powder preparation cost is high, the sphericity of part of the powder is not high, and the hollow powder exists, so that the flowability of the powder is poor, the stability of powder conveying is influenced, and meanwhile, the hollow powder is easy to introduce defects such as air holes in parts, and the performance of the parts is reduced. The wire is simpler to prepare, lower in cost, higher in uniformity and stability in the conveying process and beneficial to guaranteeing the performance of parts.
Wire feeding type laser additive manufacturing can be divided into an inclined shaft type and a coaxial type according to a wire material conveying mode. The metal wire in the inclined shaft type wire feeding mode is fed from the outside of the laser beam, although the design difficulty of equipment is low, the realization is easy, the forming is easy only in a single direction, the forming of parts with multi-directions or complex structures is difficult, and the forming has anisotropy. The coaxial wire feeding mode is characterized in that a metal wire is fed from the inside of a light beam, the laser beam is coaxial with the metal wire, the fuse wire effect is better, the energy utilization rate is high, the preparation of parts with complex structures can be realized, and the coaxial wire feeding mode has obvious advantages compared with an inclined shaft type wire feeding mode, but the design and manufacturing difficulty of equipment is high, and the cost is higher.
In-depth research is carried out by some scholars aiming at the coaxial wire feeding type optical path design and equipment development. Patent CN 208147143U designs a coaxial wire feeding cladding head for laser metal printing, and realizes beam splitting through two conical mirrors and a splitting mirror, and finally converges the light beam through a focusing mirror. The design scheme enables a laser focus to exist between the two conical mirrors in the laser head, the focus position can heat air between the two lenses to refract light in a light path, deviation of the light path is caused, air ionization can be generated even under the action of high-power laser, and therefore the scheme is only suitable for low laser power.
Patent CN 105499793A designs a light path for light splitting, two quarter-beam lenses are used in the light path, the lenses are complex in shape and high in manufacturing requirements and cost, and the light splitting and converging of four beams of light make the debugging of the lenses and the light path more difficult.
The laser beam splitting optical path designed in patent CN 104259461A splits and converges the optical path through the conical mirror, the inner conical mirror and the annular concave mirror, but the collimated annular light beam reflected by the inner conical mirror interferes with the focused light beam reflected by the annular concave mirror in the transmission process, which affects the convergence effect of the light beam, is not beneficial to the formation of the sample, and meanwhile, the size of the annular concave mirror is too large, which is difficult to process and has high cost. The existing coaxial wire feeding laser manufacturing device has complex light path design mode, and is difficult to be practically applied due to the large processing difficulty of lenses and equipment, so that more efficient and simple light path light splitting and related mechanical structures need to be designed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a coaxial wire feeding laser manufacturing method and a device, wherein a light splitting-focusing light path is adopted in a laser head, so that coaxial wire feeding in a light beam and accurate coupling of laser-wire materials can be realized, and reliable coaxial wire feeding laser manufacturing is further realized. The manufacturing method of laser-wire coaxial conveying greatly improves the flexibility of sample manufacturing, and compared with the manufacturing method of coaxial powder conveying, the method can obviously improve the utilization rate of materials and the safety of the manufacturing process and reduce the environmental pollution. Through the design of the light splitting device, the manufacturing method can realize the real-time change of the laser focusing focal length, and further improves the flexibility of the preparation of the complex sample.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a coaxial wire feeding laser manufacturing device realizes laser-wire coaxial laser manufacturing. The laser manufacturing device comprises an optical fiber interface 2, a collimation module 3, a bidirectional adjusting device 6 and a laser manufacturing device main body 24.
A collimating mirror 4 is arranged in the collimating module 3, and the collimating mirror 4 is used for expanding the diameter of a laser beam transmitted from the optical fiber and reducing the divergence angle; the inlet of the collimation module 3 is communicated with the optical fiber interface module 2, the outlet of the collimation module 3 is provided with a bidirectional adjusting device 6, and the laser beam 1 enters from the optical fiber interface 2 and enters the laser manufacturing device main body 24 through the collimation lens 4 and the bidirectional adjusting device 6 in sequence. The laser manufacturing device main body 24 is internally provided with a beam splitter prism 7, a secondary reflector 8, a primary reflector 9, a focusing lens 10 and a wire feeding pipe 14, wherein the beam splitter prism 7 is superposed with the axis of the collimating mirror 4. The laser beam 1 is collimated by a collimating mirror 4 and then reaches a beam splitter prism 7 through a bidirectional adjusting device 6, the laser beam 1 is split into two parallel beams through the beam splitter prism 7 based on reflection type beam splitting, the two beams of light are transmitted through two secondary reflecting mirrors 8 and a primary reflecting mirror 9 in sequence and are finally focused through a focusing lens 10, and the two beams of laser are finally focused to the position below the outlet of a conical nozzle 11; the beam splitter prism 7, the two secondary mirrors 8, the primary mirror 9 and the focusing lens 10 are all arranged on the mirror frame 19. The two-way adjusting device 6 can ensure the coaxiality of the collimating mirror 4 and the beam splitter prism 7 in two dimensions, and ensure the uniform beam splitting of parallel beams. The collimator lens 4, the beam splitter prism 7, the sub-mirror 8, the main mirror 9, and the focusing lens 10 of the present invention constitute an optical path in the device. Meanwhile, the wire feeding pipe 14 sequentially penetrates through the main reflecting mirror 9 and the focusing lens 10 to convey the wires 12 to the laser focus position, and laser and the wires 12 are accurately coupled to realize coaxial wire feeding laser manufacturing.
In the laser manufacturing device, water cooling is arranged at the positions of the collimating mirror 4, the focusing lens 10, the beam splitter prism 7, the secondary reflecting mirror 8 and the primary reflecting mirror 9; wherein the collimating mirror 4 is cooled through a cooling water circulation waterway in the collimating module 3; the focusing lens 10 is cooled by a cooling water circulation water channel in an annular water cooling device 22 arranged on the outer side, and a hollow annular water cooling runner is arranged in the focusing lens; an external water cooling module is arranged outside the shell at the positions of the beam splitter prism 7, the secondary reflector 8 and the main reflector 9 for cooling; and a laser head clamping device 23 is arranged outside the shell and used for fixedly mounting the laser manufacturing device.
A mirror holder 19 is arranged in the laser manufacturing device main body 24 at the positions of the beam splitter prism 7, the secondary reflector 8, the main reflector 9 and the focusing lens 10; the beam splitter prism 7, the secondary reflector 8 and the primary reflector 9 can adjust the lens in three directions of XYZ through the lens frame adjusting device 20, and meanwhile, the relative positions of the two secondary reflectors 8 are adjusted in a small-amplitude rotation mode through the lens frame adjusting mechanism 20, so that the adjustment of the laser focal length is realized, and the focal length adjusting range is +/-20 mm; the frame 19 at the focusing lens 10 is rotatably adjustable in the horizontal plane through 360 degrees.
The main body 24 of the laser manufacturing device is provided with a conical nozzle 11, a wire straightening device 13, a wire feeding pipe 14, a wire feeding pipe limiting device 16 and a light-wire coupling device 18. The outlet of the laser manufacturing device is provided with a conical nozzle 11, a protective lens 5 and a wire feeding pipe limiting device 16 are arranged above the conical nozzle 11, a gas conveying opening 17 is reserved in the side face of the conical nozzle, wherein the wire feeding pipe limiting device 16 is used for adjusting the wire feeding pipe 14 in the vertical direction and adjusting the length of the wire feeding pipe extending out of the conical nozzle 11. The wire straightening device 13 is arranged at an inlet of the wire feeding pipe 14 and is used for straightening the metal wires 12. The light-wire coupling device 18 is arranged above the conical nozzle 11 and used for adjusting the position of the wire feeding pipe 14 in a horizontal plane and ensuring the accurate coupling of the laser and the metal wire material 12. Wire feeding holes are formed in the main reflecting mirror 9 and the focusing lens 10, and the wire feeding pipe 14 is inserted into the light beam through the wire feeding holes to realize wire feeding in the light beam; a wire tube clamping device 21 is also arranged at the inlet of the wire feeding tube 14 and is used for bearing the external force borne by the wire feeding tube 14; and a copper nozzle 15 is arranged at the outlet of the wire feeding pipe 14 to enhance heat dissipation. And a protective gas delivery port 17 is arranged at the conical nozzle 11, and the protective gas can realize coaxial inert gas protection in the laser manufacturing process through the conical nozzle 11.
Furthermore, the laser manufacturing device is based on reflection type light splitting, the light splitting is realized by the light splitting prism 7, the light splitting optical path part is not provided with a lens, the lens is simple in structure and low in cost, and no laser focus point exists in the laser manufacturing device.
Further, in the laser manufacturing apparatus, the protection lenses 5 are disposed at the inlet and outlet positions of the collimating module 3 and below the focusing lens 10, and are used for protecting the lenses in the laser manufacturing apparatus, so as to prevent the external environment from being polluted or prevent the spatter from being damaged in the material adding process.
Further, the optical fiber interface module 2 is a standard special optical fiber interface such as LLKD and QBH.
A coaxial wire feeding laser manufacturing method based on the device comprises the following steps:
firstly, adjusting a wire straightening device, feeding a metal wire, and ensuring that the collimation degree of the output wire meets the manufacturing requirement, wherein the wire 12 is made of copper alloy, aluminum alloy, steel, nickel-based alloy, titanium alloy and the like, and the diameter of the wire is 0.5-1.5 mm. The method is characterized in that a proper laser focal length is determined according to an actual sample structure and laser processing technological conditions, the relative positions of the two secondary reflecting mirrors 8 are adjusted through the mirror frame adjusting device 20, the focal length of a processing head reaches a determined value, and the adjustable range of the focal length is +/-20 mm.
Secondly, setting the laser power to be 100-3000W, wherein
Figure BDA0003613446280000041
Selecting a wire feeding speed V 1 And the scanning speed V of the laser head 2 . Wherein R is the radius of the wire material and the unit is mm;V 1 the wire feeding speed is set as mm/s; v 2 The scanning speed of the laser head is in mm/s; p is the laser power in W.
Thirdly, the wire feeding tube is fixed through the wire feeding tube clamping device 21, the optical-wire coupling device 18 is adjusted, the position of the wire feeding tube 14 in the horizontal plane is adjusted, the coaxial accurate coupling of the laser and the wire is guaranteed, and the wire can be accurately aligned with the focus. The position of the wire feeding pipe 14 in the vertical direction is adjusted through the wire feeding pipe limiting device 16, so that the front end of the copper nozzle 15 is located at the position 5-10 mm above the focus, and meanwhile, the metal wire is fed out to the position 2-4 mm outside the outlet of the copper nozzle.
And fourthly, before processing, conveying shielding gas into the conical nozzle 11 through the shielding gas conveying opening 17. And introducing cooling water to carry out water cooling on the collimating lens 4, the focusing lens 10, the beam splitter prism 7, the secondary reflector 8 and the main reflector 9, carrying out sample forming according to a program set by a machine tool, and closing the wire feeder, the laser, the cooling water and the protective gas in sequence after the sample is prepared.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention adopts a reflection light splitting mode, eliminates the internal focusing phenomenon generated when the lens in the processing head splits light, avoids the heating and ionization of the air in the processing head, ensures the accuracy of a light path, and can be suitable for high-power laser manufacturing. The reflective light splitting path in the invention enables the light splitter to have simple structure and small volume, avoids the adoption of lenses with complex structures, and reduces the processing difficulty and the manufacturing cost of the lenses. The coaxial wire feeding laser manufacturing method realizes the coaxial conveying of the wire material and the laser beam by splitting the light beam, improves the material utilization rate and the flexibility of part preparation, and can realize the laser manufacturing of complex parts.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the external structure and the internal optical path of the coaxial wire-feeding laser manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention. (a) an outer contour map; (b)base:Sub>A-base:Sub>A section view; (c) a B-B sectional view.
In the figure: 1, laser beam; 2, optical fiber interface module; 3, a collimation module; 4, a collimating mirror; 5 protecting the lens; 6 a bidirectional regulating device; 7 a beam splitter prism; 8-time reflecting mirrors; 9 a main mirror; 10 a focusing lens; 11 a conical nozzle; 12 a metal wire; 13 wire straightening devices and 14 wire feeding pipes; 15, a copper nozzle; 16 wire feeding pipe limiting devices; 17 a protective gas delivery port; 18 an optical-filament coupling device; 19 a frame; 20 a frame adjustment device; 21 a wire feeding pipe clamping device; 22 annular water cooling device; 23 laser head clamping device; 24 laser-manufacturing an apparatus main body; 25, sample pieces; 26 a substrate.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Taking the coaxial wire feeding laser manufacturing device for forming the titanium alloy wire TC4 as an example, a specific implementation mode is given:
a coaxial wire feeding laser manufacturing method and a device thereof, which realize the coaxial conveying of laser and wire materials as follows:
as shown inbase:Sub>A cross-sectional view of fig. 1 (b), an optical fiber is inserted into an optical fiber interface 2 and connected,base:Sub>A laser beam 1 is emitted from the optical fiber, the diameter of the laser beam 1 is small and hasbase:Sub>A certain divergence angle, so that the laser beam 1 passes throughbase:Sub>A collimating mirror 4 after being emitted from the optical fiber, the diameter of the beam is enlarged, the divergence angle is reduced, and the energy density of the laser is reduced and the accuracy of the optical path is ensured. Protection lenses 5 are respectively arranged at the inlet and outlet positions of the collimation module 3 to prevent dust from entering the collimation module to pollute the lenses, meanwhile, a circulating water path is arranged in the collimation module 3, and cooling water flows through the circulating water path to cool the collimation lens. The light beam 1 passes through the collimating module 3 and is adjusted into a parallel light beam with a required diameter, then the light beam enters the bidirectional adjusting device 6, and the collimating mirror 4 and the beam splitter prism 7 are coaxial in axis by adjusting the bidirectional adjusting device. The light beam adjusted by the bidirectional adjusting device 6 enters a main body part of the laser manufacturing device, firstly, the light beam is divided into two parallel light beams with equal cross sections through the beam splitter prism 7 in a halving mode, then the two light beams are conducted through the secondary reflector 8 respectively, and the light beam direction is changed to 90 degrees and then the light beams are incident on the primary reflector 9. As shown in the cross-sectional view B-B of fig. 1 (c), the light beam incident on the main mirror 9 is again shifted by 90 degrees and is incident downward on the focusing lens 10, and the two laser beams are finally converged below the exit position of the nozzle 11 of the laser manufacturing apparatus through the focusing lens.
The main reflector 9, the focusing lens 10 and the protective lens 5 below the focusing lens are all provided with through holes, the wire feeding pipe 14 penetrates through the top of the machining head and sequentially penetrates through the main reflector 9, the focusing lens 10 and the protective lens 5 below the focusing lens, and accordingly wires can be fed into a molten pool from the centers of two beams of laser. And a copper nozzle 15 is arranged at the outlet of the wire feeding pipe so as to improve the heat dissipation efficiency at the outlet of the wire feeding pipe. The protective lens 5 below the focusing lens 10 can prevent the melt from splashing and damaging the focusing lens in the material increase process, and meanwhile, a wire tube limiting device 16 is arranged at the center of the protective lens and can be used for controlling the length of the wire tube 14 extending out of the nozzle 11, so that the distance from the wire outlet position to the laser focus is controlled. The wire feeding pipe 14 is provided with a wire feeding pipe clamping device 21 at an inlet position entering a processing head, and the device can bear external force in the wire conveying process and ensure the rigidity of the wire feeding pipe.
The metal wire 12 enters the wire feeding pipe 14 after being straightened by the wire straightening device 13 and is conveyed to the laser focus position by the wire feeding pipe 14. The laser manufacturing apparatus is provided with a light-wire coupling device 18 which can adjust the wire tube 14 in two dimensions in the horizontal direction, thereby realizing accurate coupling of the wire material and the laser focus.
The laser manufacturing device is provided with a protective gas delivery port 17 at the nozzle, inert gases such as high-purity argon and nitrogen can be delivered through the protective gas delivery port 17, and the coaxial inert gas protection can be realized in the additive manufacturing process through the convergence of the nozzle 11.
The outer side shell of the focusing lens 10 is internally provided with an annular water cooling device 22, cooling water is introduced into an inner flow channel to cool the focusing lens, and the mounting positions of the water cooling modules are reserved outside the shells at the positions of the beam splitter prism 7, the secondary reflector 8 and the main reflector 9, so that the external water cooling modules can be additionally mounted according to actual requirements when the laser power is high.
The beam splitter prism 7, the secondary reflector 8, the primary reflector 9 and the focusing lens 10 are all provided with a lens frame 19, wherein the beam splitter prism 7, the secondary reflector 8 and the primary reflector 9 can be adjusted through a lens frame adjusting device 20, fine adjustment of lenses in three directions of XYZ is achieved, meanwhile, the two secondary reflectors 8 can rotate in small amplitude, and adjustment of focal length within a range of +/-20 mm can be achieved by changing relative distance and relative angle of the two secondary reflectors 8. The frame 19 at the focusing lens 10 can rotate 360 degrees in the horizontal plane, and the frame 19 can be rotated after the laser manufacturing device works for a period of time, so that the service life of the focusing lens is prolonged.
And a laser head clamping device 23 is arranged on the outer side of the shell of the laser manufacturing device and is used for fixedly mounting the laser manufacturing device.
A coaxial wire feed laser manufacturing method and apparatus, the method comprising the steps of:
in the first step, the optical fiber is inserted into the optical fiber interface 2 and connected. The polished, cleaned and blow-dried substrate 26 is fixed on the machine tool motion platform. And (3) loading the TC4 wire with the diameter of 1.2mm into a wire feeder, slowly delivering the TC4 wire to the outlet position of a wire delivery pipe through a wire delivery pipe 14, and adjusting a wire straightening device to ensure that the TC4 wire is aligned within a distance of 20mm outside the wire delivery pipe. The required focal distance is determined according to the structure of a sample piece and a laser process, and the relative position and the angle of the two secondary reflectors 8 are adjusted through the lens frame adjusting device 20, so that the focal distance of the processing head is finely adjusted in a variable range until the focal distance reaches a proper value.
And secondly, setting the laser power to be 1000W, selecting the scanning speed (V2) of the laser head to be 9mm/s, and selecting the wire feeding speed (V1) to be 25mm/s.
Thirdly, the wire feeding tube is fixed through the wire feeding tube clamping device 21, the optical-wire coupling device 18 is adjusted, the position of the wire feeding tube 14 in the horizontal plane is adjusted, the coaxial accurate coupling of the laser and the TC4 wire is guaranteed, and the TC4 wire can be accurately aligned with a focus after being discharged. The position of the wire feeding pipe 14 in the vertical direction is adjusted through the wire feeding pipe limiting device 16, so that the front end of the copper nozzle 15 is located at the position 5mm above the focus, and the metal wire is fed out to the position 2mm outside the outlet of the copper nozzle.
And fourthly, conveying high-purity argon gas into the conical nozzle 11 through the protective gas conveying port 17, introducing cooling water to carry out water cooling on the collimating lens 4, the focusing lens 10, the beam splitter prism 7, the secondary reflector 8 and the main reflector 9, operating a machine tool according to a preset program during forming, forming the sample piece layer by layer, and closing the wire feeder, the laser, the cooling water and the protective gas in sequence after the sample piece is prepared.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express the embodiments of the present invention, but not should be understood as the limitation of the scope of the invention patent, it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, many variations and modifications can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall into the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A coaxial wire feeding laser manufacturing device is used for realizing laser-wire coaxial laser manufacturing and is characterized by comprising an optical fiber interface module (2), a collimation module (3), a bidirectional adjusting device (6) and a laser manufacturing device main body (24);
a collimating mirror (4) is arranged in the collimating module (3), and the collimating mirror (4) is used for expanding the diameter of a laser beam transmitted from the optical fiber and reducing a divergence angle; an inlet of the collimation module (3) is communicated with the optical fiber interface module (2), a bidirectional adjusting device (6) is arranged at an outlet of the collimation module (3), and a laser beam (1) enters from the optical fiber interface module (2) and enters a laser manufacturing device main body (24) through the collimation lens (4) and the bidirectional adjusting device (6) in sequence;
the laser manufacturing device is characterized in that a beam splitter prism (7), a secondary reflector (8), a main reflector (9), a focusing lens (10) and a wire feeding pipe (14) are arranged in the laser manufacturing device main body (24), wherein the beam splitter prism (7) is overlapped with the axis of the collimating mirror (4); the laser beam (1) passes through the collimating mirror (4) and then reaches the beam splitter prism (7) through the bidirectional adjusting device (6), the laser beam (1) is split into two parallel beams through the beam splitter prism (7) based on reflective beam splitting, the two beams of light are transmitted through the two secondary reflectors (8) and the primary reflector (9) in sequence and are focused through the focusing lens (10), and the two beams of laser are finally focused to the position below the outlet of the conical nozzle (11); meanwhile, the wire feeding pipe (14) sequentially penetrates through the main reflecting mirror (9) and the focusing lens (10) to convey the wire (12) to a laser focus position, and laser and the wire (12) are accurately coupled to realize coaxial wire feeding laser manufacturing;
a mirror bracket (19) is arranged in the laser manufacturing device main body (24) at the positions of the beam splitter prism (7), the secondary reflector (8), the main reflector (9) and the focusing lens (10); the beam splitter prism (7), the secondary reflector (8) and the main reflector (9) realize the adjustment of the lens in three directions of XYZ through the lens frame adjusting device (20), and simultaneously the relative position of the two secondary reflectors (8) can be adjusted in a rotating way through the lens frame adjusting device (20), so that the adjustment of the laser focal length is realized; the lens frame (19) at the focusing lens (10) can be rotationally adjusted by 360 degrees in a horizontal plane;
the laser manufacturing device main body (24) part is provided with a conical nozzle (11), a wire straightening device (13), a wire feeding pipe (14), a wire feeding pipe limiting device (16) and a light-wire coupling device (18); a conical nozzle (11) is arranged at an outlet of the laser manufacturing device, a protective lens (5) and a wire feeding pipe limiting device (16) are arranged above the conical nozzle (11), and a gas conveying port (17) is reserved on the side surface of the conical nozzle, wherein the wire feeding pipe limiting device (16) is used for realizing the adjustment of a wire feeding pipe (14) in the vertical direction and adjusting the length of the wire feeding pipe extending out of the conical nozzle (11); the wire straightening device (13) is arranged at an inlet of the wire feeding pipe (14) and is used for straightening the metal wire (12); the light-wire coupling device (18) is arranged above the conical nozzle (11) and used for realizing the position adjustment of the wire feeding pipe (14) in a horizontal plane and ensuring the accurate coupling of the laser and the metal wire material (12); wire feeding holes are formed in the main reflecting mirror (9) and the focusing lens (10), and a wire feeding pipe (14) is inserted into the light beam through the wire feeding holes to realize wire feeding in the light beam; a wire tube clamping device (21) is also arranged at the inlet of the wire feeding tube (14) and is used for bearing the external force borne by the wire feeding tube (14); a copper nozzle (15) is arranged at the outlet of the wire feeding pipe (14) to enhance heat dissipation; a protective gas delivery port (17) is formed in the position of the conical nozzle (11), and the protective gas can realize coaxial inert gas protection in the laser manufacturing process through the conical nozzle (11);
the two-way adjusting device (6) can ensure the coaxiality of the collimating mirror (4) and the light splitting prism (7) in two dimensions, and ensure the uniform light splitting of parallel light beams.
2. The coaxial wire feeding laser manufacturing device according to claim 1, wherein water cooling is arranged at the positions of the collimating mirror (4), the focusing lens (10), the beam splitter prism (7), the secondary reflector (8) and the primary reflector (9); wherein the collimating lens (4) is cooled through a cooling water circulation waterway in the collimating module (3); the focusing lens (10) is cooled through a cooling water circulating water channel in an annular water cooling device (22) arranged on the outer side, and a hollow annular water cooling channel is arranged in the focusing lens; an external water cooling module is arranged outside the shell at the positions of the beam splitter prism (7), the secondary reflector (8) and the main reflector (9) for cooling; and a laser head clamping device (23) is arranged on the outer side of the shell and is used for fixedly mounting the laser manufacturing device.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the focal length adjustment range is ± 20mm.
4. The coaxial wire feeding laser manufacturing device according to claim 1, wherein a protection lens (5) is disposed in the laser manufacturing device below the entrance and exit positions of the collimating module (3) and the focusing lens (10) for protecting each lens in the laser manufacturing device.
5. A coaxial wire feed laser manufacturing method implemented based on the coaxial wire feed laser manufacturing apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the method comprises the steps of:
firstly, adjusting a wire straightening device, feeding a metal wire, and ensuring that the collimation of the output wire meets the manufacturing requirement; determining a proper laser focal length according to the actual sample structure and the laser processing technological conditions, and adjusting the relative position of the two secondary reflectors (8) through a lens frame adjusting device (20) to enable the focal length of the processing head to reach a determined value, wherein the adjustable range of the focal length is +/-20 mm;
secondly, setting the laser power to be 100-3000W, wherein
Figure FDA0003899045400000021
Selecting a wire feeding speed V 1 And the scanning speed V of the laser head 2 (ii) a Wherein R is the radius of the wire material and the unit is mm; v 1 The wire feeding speed is set as mm/s; v 2 The scanning speed of the laser head is in mm/s; p is laser power in W;
thirdly, the wire feeding pipe is fixed through the wire feeding pipe clamping device (21), the optical-wire coupling device (18) is adjusted, the position of the wire feeding pipe (14) in the horizontal plane is adjusted, the coaxial accurate coupling of the laser and the wire is guaranteed, and the wire can be accurately aligned with a focus after being fed out; the position of the wire feeding pipe (14) in the vertical direction is adjusted through the wire feeding pipe limiting device (16), so that the front end of the copper nozzle (15) is positioned at a position 5-10 mm above the focus, and simultaneously, the metal wire is fed out to the position 2-4 mm outside the outlet of the copper nozzle;
fourthly, before processing, protective gas is conveyed into the conical nozzle (11) through the protective gas conveying opening (17); and introducing cooling water to cool the collimating lens (4), the focusing lens (10), the beam splitter prism (7), the secondary reflector (8) and the main reflector (9), forming a sample according to a program set by a machine tool, and closing the wire feeder, the laser, the cooling water and the protective gas in sequence after the sample is prepared.
6. A coaxial wire feed laser manufacturing method according to claim 5, characterized in that the wire (12) is copper alloy, aluminum alloy, steel, nickel base alloy, titanium alloy or other metal, the diameter of the wire being 0.5mm to 1.5mm.
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CN109789512A (en) * 2016-09-27 2019-05-21 通快机床两合公司 For by the method and laser machine of the first and second workpiece section laser weldings
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