CN1042844C - 轻质抗撕破织物 - Google Patents

轻质抗撕破织物 Download PDF

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CN1042844C
CN1042844C CN96191660A CN96191660A CN1042844C CN 1042844 C CN1042844 C CN 1042844C CN 96191660 A CN96191660 A CN 96191660A CN 96191660 A CN96191660 A CN 96191660A CN 1042844 C CN1042844 C CN 1042844C
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D·E·谢弗
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Abstract

一种轻质抗撕破织物，它包括底布和增强纱线，这种经过选择的增强纱线的抗拉伸强度约是底布织物纱线的两倍，而伸长至少是底布织物纱线的两倍。这种增强织物经埃尔门多夫抗撕破测试，其抗撕破强度至少大于底布织物抗撕破强度的50%。

Description

轻质抗撕破织物
发明背景
具有重量轻、抗撕破和防水性能的织物，其用途是广泛的，可以用作帐篷、帆布、适雨篷、船用罩布等，也可用于其它方面。为使织物具有防水性能，传统的方法是进行紧密织造或在织物表面涂上一层防水树脂材料。这两种方法都会使织物结构以及单纱被固定住，从而使其抗撕破强度下降。要获得某些特殊用途，需要采用克重较大的织物。进行涂层处理或紧密纺织的织物，不但克重大、难以贮存和使用，而且容易被撕破，尤其是在织物的折痕处。
除了防水性能外，织物的其它性能也可以通过选用合适的纤维材料进行织物织造以及通过对织物进行附加整理而获得。例如，要获得用作帐篷帆布及遮雨篷等的织物，就必须以棉为主进行混合织造，因为棉织物在遇到强热后会碳化而不会熔化。为了提高这些织物的安全性，通常在织物整理过程中加入阻燃剂。
抗撕破性能，对于用作帐篷、帆布、遮雨篷及船用罩布等的织物来讲，是一个很重要的性能指标。过去为了提高这类织物的抗撕破性能，将高强度增强纤维如对-芳酰胺，尤其是将PPD-T(聚对苯二酰对苯二胺)制成的纱线加入到织物中去提高织物的抗撕破强度。例如在日本公开专利昭62-26900中，介绍了在织物中使用1-40％的芳族聚酰胺纱线，该纱线最好能有至少70％的对-芳酰胺，且抗伸强度最小可达15gpd，或者说，使织物的抗拉伸强度被提高至2倍以上。然而据日本公开昭62-26900的介绍，即使在织物中加入了象PPD-T这样的高强度纱线，要使织物有足够大的抗撕破强度，也需要引入2～5根相邻的纱线。
另一种提高纤维强度的方法是将对芳酰胺短纤维与天然纤维如棉或者与合成短纤维如尼龙或聚酯等紧密混合在一起，美国专利U.S.4,941,884或U.S.4,900,613中描述了这种方法。该方法认为采用具有最大拉伸强度和低断裂伸长的增强纱线如对-芳酰胺纱线，可以提高织物的抗撕破强度。
第三种增强织物抗撕破强度的方法是在GB 2,025,789中提出的。该方法是在涂层织物织造过程中加入单根或多根与底布纱线相比具有强度高、低伸长等性能的增强纱线来提高涂层织物的抗撕破性能。GB2,025,789认为，要提高织物的抗撕破性能，低伸长的增强纱线是必需的。因为这种高强度的增强纱线能够吸收应力而使应力不能作用到底布织物纱线上。
发明概述
本发明的目的在于提供一种轻质抗撕破织物。
本发明提供的一种轻质抗撕破织物，它由底布和具有相似细度的间-芳酰胺增强连续长丝织造而成。间-芳酰胺增强纱线的伸长是底布纱线的2倍，优选达3倍以上，其拉伸强度约是底布纱线的2倍，至少是1.5倍以上。增强纱线底布织物每英寸(2.54cm)范围内通过替换掉一小部分底布织物纱线而加入到机织物或针织物之中去。
最理想的情况是在经向和纬向增强织物有增强纱线替换底布织物的经纬纱线，底布织物中每英寸范围内增强纱线的数量占3～15％，用增强纱线进行。底布织物中的径向和纬向纱线都要用增强纱线进行替换。对这样得到的增强织物进行埃尔门多夫(Elmendorf)撕破测试(ASTM D 1424)，其强度至少比底布织物提高50％。增强织物可通过现有技术进行处理，使其做到阻燃，防水并且仍然保持比未增强的底布织物有更高的抗撕破强度的优点。
附图简述
图1所示的是底布织物的结构图；
图2所示的是本发明增强织物的结构图，增强纱线织入到底布织物中，并分别沿径向和纬向替换底布纱线。
发明详述
本发明的详细特点可借助于附图进行描述。图1描述的是一个普通的底布织物。包含水平虚线的方框代表经纱而包含垂直实线的方框代表纬纱。图中所示的是一种五综缎纹组织织物，但是底布织物的结构也可以是任何一种实用和合适的结构，只要其能满足针织物或机织物的预期用途即可。
图1所示的五综缎纹组织是一种优选的方式，因为它具有较高的强度并可通过增强处理而成为轻质耐用的织物。这样一种组织经有效处理可以防水和阻燃。
本发明述及的增强织物如图2所示。含水平虚线的方框代表底布的经纱，对角线方向为实线的方框代表增强纱线，而包含垂直实线的方框代表底布的纬纱。它是与图1所示完全相同的五综缎纹组织织物，不同的是在该底布织物的经纱和纬纱中，每10根纬纱被一根增强纱线代替。一般认为代替的意味是指用一根纱线来替换掉另一根，而在本发明中代替的含义包括将增强纱线加入到机织物或针织物的底布织物中。
经过埃尔门多夫撕破强度测试，这一简单的替换可以使增强织物的抗撕破强度比原来底布织物提高50％以上。增强织物抗撕破强度增加的程度与现有技术所述的使用对-芳酰胺纱线得到的是一致的，而本发明使用的是间-芳酰胺增强纱线，如聚MPD-Ⅰ(间苯二甲酰胺间苯二胺)，它的抗拉伸强度仅是被加强底布纱线的2倍左右，而且只有现有技术中增强纱线所必需的最小抗拉伸强度15gpd的三分之一。
根据本发明，在底布织物进行增强处理时，由于增强纱线的伸长允许该纱线进行有限的移动，从而使它们在最大应力点处积聚起来，以阻止织物撕破。为增强织物，增强纱线必须以一定的频率分布在底布中。该比例至少为底布织物每英寸内纱线总数的3％，如果以大于15％的比例进行替换，织物将失去其特点而成为混纺织物。
以下的例子是对本发明的一个说明，但并不对本发明构成限制。
                          例1
一种根据MIL-C-12095G(五综缎纹组织)织成的增强型帐篷织物。它是用40/2支精梳棉来织造底布织物，用200旦MPD-Ⅰ连续长丝每10根替换一根底布织物中经纱和纬纱组成的(MPD-Ⅰ采用的是杜邦公司的Nomex T432芳酰胺纤维)。图2所示的就是本发明的得到的织物，在底布织物中每10根经纱和纬纱用增强纱线替换一次，增强纱线MPD-Ⅰ占的重量百分比为7.7％。该织物的平方米克重为7.0盎司/码2(即237克/米2)。
根据MIL-C-12095G用40/2支纯精梳棉织造的对照织物，并代表底布的织物如图1所示。该织物的平方米克重为6.5盎司/码2(即220克/米2)。
这两种织物在煮练后进行性能比较，结果如表1所示。抗拉伸强度根据ASTM D 5043确定，而抗撕破强度根据ASTM D 1424，埃尔门多夫撕破试验确定。
                    表Ⅰ
抗拉伸强度和抗撕破强度分别沿经向W和纬向F给出结果。所有的性能是在煮练后测得的。
性能                         织物类型
                        增强织物    对比织物平方米克重(OZ/Yd2)           6.5         7.0经纱×纬纱                    100×85     100×88MPD-Ⅰ占的重量百分比(％)      7.7         0抗断裂强度(磅)，经/纬         108/93      100×100抗撕破强度(磅)，经/纬         12/13       7.2×7.5
根据MIL-C-12095G对增强织物进行了涂层处理，结果表明其撕破强度和断裂强度与未进行涂层处理时相类似。

Claims (8)

1．一种轻质抗撕破织物，它包括由经纬纱线织造而成的底布织物和间-芳酰胺增强纱线，该增强纱线的拉伸强度是底布纱线的1.5倍以上，伸长是底布纱线的2倍以上，而其细度与底布纱线的细度类似，其特征在于底布织物每英寸范围内增强纱线的根数不超过底布纱线的15％。
2．如权利要求1所描述的织物，其中间-芳酰胺增强纱线是连续的复合长丝聚(间苯二酰胺间苯二胺)，而底布则是棉缎组织。
3．如权利要求1所述的增强织物，其中每英寸范围内增强纱线的根数至少占底布织物每英寸内纱线数量的3％，但不超过15％。
4．如权利要求1的增强织物，其中在径向和纬向每10根加入一根增强纱线。
5．一种轻质抗撕破织物，它包括有经纬纱线的底布织物和间-芳酰胺增强纱线组成，间-芳酰胺纱线的拉伸强度约是底布纱线拉伸强度的2倍，而其伸长比经纱和纬纱高2倍以上，增强纱线的细度与底布织物经纬纱的细度类似，其中用增强纱线来替代底布织物中的经纬纱线，底布织物中沿经向和纬向每英寸范围内增强纱线的数量至少占3％，但不能超过15％。
6．如权利要求5所述的织物，其中增强纱线的伸长是底布织物中纱线伸长的3倍，而抗拉伸强度是其1.5倍以上。
7．如权利要求5的织物其中的间-芳酰胺增强纱线是连续的复合长丝聚(间苯二酰胺间苯二胺)，而底布则是棉缎组织。
8．如权利要求5所述的增强织物，在经向和纬向每10根加入一根增强纱线。
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DE69610760D1 (de) 2000-11-30
US5482763A (en) 1996-01-09
EP0805884A1 (en) 1997-11-12
DE69610760T2 (de) 2001-05-10
EP0805884B1 (en) 2000-10-25
JPH11503796A (ja) 1999-03-30
WO1996023919A1 (en) 1996-08-08
CN1172508A (zh) 1998-02-04

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