CN104255266A - Soil isolation method beneficial to Chinese yam tuberization and isolator production method thereof - Google Patents
Soil isolation method beneficial to Chinese yam tuberization and isolator production method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN104255266A CN104255266A CN201410516920.9A CN201410516920A CN104255266A CN 104255266 A CN104255266 A CN 104255266A CN 201410516920 A CN201410516920 A CN 201410516920A CN 104255266 A CN104255266 A CN 104255266A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
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Abstract
The invention discloses a crop cultivation and processing technology which aims at overcoming the defects of the existing long Chinese yam cultivation technology, provides a Chinese yam tuber soil isolator which is easy to obtain and easy to process and has a certain bacteriostatic and insect prevention effect is achieved, belongs to the controllable environment agriculture field and particularly relates to a soil isolation method beneficial to Chinese yam tuberization and an isolator production method thereof. The isolator is produced with bamboo reeds as main raw materials. The core of the technology comprises bamboo reed variety selection, suitable land parcel selection, the cultivation mode, the processing mode, the isolation of products on the Chinese yam tuber surrounding soil in the Chinese yam cultivation link, a method for playing the bacteriostatic and insect prevention effect of the isolator and the effect of soil improvement.
Description
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Technical field
The present invention relates to cultivation and the processing technique field of crops, belong to greenhouse agriculture field.Be specifically related to a kind of suitable Chinese yam knot soil partition method of potato and the preparation method of spacer thereof.
Background technology
Chinese yam, is often referred to Chang Mount medicine, is Chinese and that many countries are traditional stem tuber vegetables.Long yam planting is the traditional source of finance of many hill farmers, but the industrialization that China is advancing rapidly and urbanization, with the structure of labour force and the attitude to labour that thoroughly will change mountainous rural area, the planting type that grows wild greatly reducing labour intensity is just being generally used.
Chang Mount medicine, formal name used at school: Dioscorea polystachya, has another name called Chinese yam rhizome (Dioscorea polystachya Turcz.), Chinese yam, Chinese yam, field potato, Buddhist palm potato etc., it is a main category of Chinese yam, plant classification is: vegetative kingdom, Angiospermae, Monocotyledonae, Dioscoreales, Dioscoreaceae, Dioscorea, Dioscorea, comprise Chinese yam, fragrant taro etc., part kind is commonly called as Yam.
According to morphological feature, Chinese yam idioplasm resource is divided into 4 large kinds by horticulture: Chang Mount medicine (Dioscorea polystachya), Dioscarea persimilis Prain et Burkill. (Dioscorea persimilis), mountain potato (Dioscorea fordii) and ginseng potato (Dioscorea alata).The Chinese yam of this 4 type differs greatly in leaf portion and underground tuber's characters, is easy to distinguish.
Chang Mount medicine is also commonly called as Chinese yam, and Chinese yam is, Dioscorea opposita, perennial winding liana, and underground is cylindrical meat stem tuber, and not etc., not etc., quality 300-3000g is not etc. for long 50-150cm for typical diameters 2-10cm.Representational as Shanxipingyao's Chang Mount medicine, Jiaozhuo, Henan iron rod yam, Jiaxiang, Shandong fine, soft fur Chang Mount medicine, Yunnan sieve time Chinese yam etc.The vegetables column Chang Mount medicine that emphasis pin of the present invention is representative with Shanxipingyao's Chang Mount medicine, Jiaxiang, Shandong fine, soft fur Chang Mount medicine, Yunnan sieve time Chinese yam etc.
Chang Mount medicine is distributed widely in the ground such as (height above sea level 150-850 rice) on the south China northeast, Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Huaihe River, Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang (height above sea level 450-1000 rice), Jiangxi, Fujian, Taiwan, Hubei, Hunan, In Northern Guangxi, Guizhou, Eastern Yunnan the north (height above sea level 1500-2500 rice), Sichuan (height above sea level 700-500 rice), In Eastern Gansu (height above sea level 950-1100 rice) and Southern Shaanxi (height above sea level 350-1500 rice).Also there are distribution in Korea, Japan.
Chang Mount medicine stem tuber is medicine-food two-purpose food materials, important stem tuber vegetables, also be the local speciality in particularly mountain area, multiple Far-away Backward Areas, more famous has Ya'an Sichuan province Erlongshan Mountains Chinese yam, From Anshun of Guizhou Chinese yam, Yunnan sieve time Chinese yam, Yaoan, Yunnan Chinese yam, Feng County, Jiangsu Chinese yam, Guannan, Jiangsu Chinese yam rhizome, Ruichang, Jiangxi Chinese yam, Gaoyang, Gaoyang, Hebei fiber crops Chinese yam, the white Chinese yam in Anping, Hebei, Lixian County, Hebei fiber crops Chinese yam, Jiaozhuo, Henan Huai Chinese yam, Henan temperature line iron rod yam, Xiangyang, Hubei Chinese yam, Lichuan County, Hubei Chinese yam, state, Weihe River Basin, shaanxi Province Nanhua Chinese yam, Pishan Chinese yam and Pingliang, Gansu Chinese yam etc.
Chinese yam contains the mineral element such as abundant starch, vitamin and phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, potassium, is all-ages nutriment.Meanwhile, Chinese yam also has the functions such as invigorating the spleen, kidney tonifying, benefit essence, and, poor appetite, diabetes weakness of the spleen and the stomach to animal and human, constipation etc. have certain curative effect.
Chinese yam, also grain also dish, be China traditional important foodstuffs source, concern state food safety.From 2009, National agricultural portion, the Ministry of Finance started to promote " research of Chinese yam rhizome efficiency cultivation technology for high and demonstration " plan, and " northing is planted in south, and north is planted and moved westwards " strategy is wherein affirmed in the industry, and industrialization process enters fast traffic lane.
Chang Mount medicine belongs to high temperature short-day plant, and preference temperature is 20-30 DEG C, do not bloom for less than 15 DEG C, and 10 DEG C of stem tubers can rudiment.Chang Mount medicine happiness light, cold resistance is poor, should grow in good in draining, loose fertile soil.The tradition of Chang Mount medicine is planted large more options sandy loam and is ploughed.
Traditional long yam planting utilizes Chinese yam young plant to do seedling.Chinese yam young plant comprises the young plant be bred as by bulbil the first year, or the halter young plant under cutting out when results Chinese yam eats stem tuber, or from the silently young plant the sanction of Chinese yam stem tuber top, all belongs to vegetative propagation.
Traditional Chang Mount medicine eats the sandy loam of stem tuber plantation general selection soil depth more than 1 meter, to dig the traditional planting technology of zanjon.High except dropping into threshold, outside cost height, such soil is rare, and not only cost is quick ascendant trend, realize scale plantation, and most area is almost optional without ground.On the other hand, non-staple food grain producing region, particularly backward area, stay-at-home women, old man have become the labour being mainly engaged in plant husbandry, and the intensity of work quality and suitable work all decreases sharply, and are also difficult to deep-cut with adapting to traditional Chinese yam gather with Chinese yam.
There is labour intensity greatly in the development of tradition Chang Mount medicine, particularly excavate difficulty greatly, production cost is high, the problem of finished product uniformity difference always; Selection of land condition is harsh, can be optionally rare, and corresponding cost of land height is also the key factor of restriction development; Go up fast in the price of labour power, staple food grain land used is increasingly well sold and in short supply, and market is further harsh instantly to the uniformity of Chinese yam finished product, how to realize low cost low labour intensity production Chang Mount medicine and becomes further important.
Disclose a lot about the innovation implantation methods of Chang Mount medicine in existing document, such as holing cultivating, sleeve pipe cultivation, cellar for storing things formula cultivation, soilless culture, the cultivation of unsettled method etc., but these culture techniques are all subject to the restriction of certain condition, to the restriction of soil alternative condition too much, require too high to facilities and equipment, or seedling growing process was required severe, or required tight to labour's attainment, be not suitable for very much at wide geographic area, particularly outlying backward mountainous areas spread.
Under major grain producing area will ensure the fundamental policy that staple food grain is produced, cost of land will be quick ascendant trend; Under Rapid-Urbanization main trend, outlying mountain area's backward areas labour rural laborer's quality decline rise in price is also inexorable trend.Therefore, how overcoming the deficiency of the existing culture technique of Chang Mount medicine, particularly find a kind of suitable Far-away Backward Areas to realize the Chinese yam cultivation method of low labour intensity, is the problem that current yam cultivation technical field needs solution badly.In order to overcome the deficiency of existing Chang Mount medicine culture technique, a kind of Chinese yam cultivation method of low labour intensity, namely utensil guides cultivation of growing wild, and makes Chang Mount medicine on barren soil, Far-away Backward Areas, be able to spread plantation.This complete sets of Techniques gives full play to the biological nature of Chang Mount medicine, produces high conforming Chang Mount medicine and eats stem tuber, realize higher plantation income under low soil fertility, low input and low quality labour condition.
Its mode comprises: as long as just can plant Chinese yam being suitable for planting the arable land of potato (comprises hillside fields) playing ramp shaped ridge to plow layer.Can on hillside parallel contour ridging (can suitably strengthen the gradient on ridge along slope).Open shallow ridges at so vertical contour in ramp shaped ridge, settle the Chinese yam of bore about 10cm to grow U-shaped guiding groove in ditch, lay about 10cm spacer in groove, spacer generally selects husk, sawdust or clean river sand.When gathering, push aside surperficial soil layer can whole take out Chinese yam stem tuber, effectively prevent and digging disconnected digging and hinder Chinese yam stem tuber.After Chinese yam is gathered, spacer is then mixed in mold the part becoming soil.
The mode of this filling spacer, is not only applied to U-shaped guiding groove, is also used in modes such as holing cultivating, sleeve pipe cultivations.
Select the mode of this isolation soil, when being on the one hand Chinese yam knot potato, need the soil space that fluffy, and Chinese yam eats stem tuber part and needs to grow up at a clean environment.And the biological nature of Chang Mount medicine determines the coring not relying on this part stem tuber and growth absorb nutrient from soil, ensure that it is breathed and water suction condition.
There are some researches show, stone in soil and hard clod are the principal elements causing Chinese yam stem tuber bending, and in soil, leave over the putrefaction of stalk and rhizome, or the fertilizer fully do not become thoroughly decomposed, or undecomposed sufficient fertilizer, or germ, be cause the main growing point of Chinese yam stem tuber impaired, thus produce the principal element of fork.
After these reasons understand just, people have found the mode of isolating the Soil Surrounding of Chinese yam stem tuber, and rice husk, sawdust or clean river sand have become selection.
But also find in practice, when local this mode of employing carries out the plantation of large-area Chinese yam, obtain these materials and just become difficulty even possibility.Rice husk, sawdust are accessory substances, depend on Monitoring of Paddy Rice Plant Area or forest harvesting amount number, and river sand is not only adopted and huskyly to be limited by environmental protection, and density is also not ideal enough, transport and use also uneconomical; Use over a long time, also can form soil and destroy.Better be replaced into one of bottleneck of this industry of restriction.After pulverizing with giantreed, alternative rice husk, sawdust are ideal choses.
The impact of Chinese yam because changing by internal and external environment in cultivated since long process, its stem tuber quality and resistance can decline gradually, cause the economic benefit of planting Chinese yam to reduce, and have become the another principal element of restriction yam planting industry development.Solving the problem of cultivation Chinese yam quality deterioration and production declining, is the problem that research is badly in need of in yam planting and industry development.
According to achievement in research in recent years, it is generally acknowledged that plant endogenesis epiphyte and its host are coevolutions, physiological activator same or analogous with its host can be produced as endosymbiosis thing.Research also finds, wild yam (Dioscorea opposita Thunb.) endogenetic fungus species diversity is apparently higher than cultivar Ruichang Chinese yam.
Plant disease causes crops quality to decline, the one of the main reasons of production loss, and the plant disease of about 80% is caused by plant pathogenic fungi.Be at present adopt chemical pesticide sterilization to the main means of prevention of plant disease, and chemical pesticide has become one of problem that the world today primarily solves to the side effect of people and animals, residue problem and environmental pollution problem.The appearance of more and more pesticide resistance pathogen also accelerates some and Environmental compatibility is good, lasting medicine, the exploitation of non-harmful biological pesticide.Chinese yam is edible tuber crops, and organic isolation soil stem tuber of causing harm is prevention, and if spacer can be antibacterial, be then that control is had both.
Plant endogenesis epiphyte is the space between cells of growth in the tissues such as the root of plant corpus, stem and leaf or an intracellular class fungi, is the important composition composition in plant microecosystem.Antibacterial activity bacterial strain is extensively dispersed with in plant endogenesis epiphyte, they define abundant metabolic system during evolution, numerous antibacterial products can be produced, and the Antagonistic Fungi becoming phytopathogen under certain condition but can not cause the obvious illness of host plant.Nature boundary treaty has 250,000 Plants, and such plant corpus just defines a huge fungus resource storehouse.Therefore, plant endogenesis epiphyte is the very potential biological control material of a class.
Giantreed (Arundodonaxl) is also known as reed giantreed, Jiang Wei, nonirrigated farmland reed, and be a kind of herbaceos perennial, stem is uprightly tall and straight, and blade is roomy bud green, likeness in form reed.Giantreed is widely distributed in China, and North gets Liaoning, reaching Guangxi in the south all has wild giantreed.Mainly be distributed in the provinces such as Zhejiang, Anhui, Fujian, Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guangdong, Guangxi, adaptive capacity is very strong, is also easy to breeding.It is drought-enduring waterlogging again, heat-resistingly resists cold again, also can grow in barren soil.
The giantreed stalk of improved seeds is uprightly thick, and wherein most of plant height 3-6m, diameter 2-5cm, tough and tensile, tool majority joint, Chang Shengfen branch.Leaf sheath is longer than internode, without hair or the long pubescence of neck tool; The tip of a leaf is truncated, is about 1.5mm, tip tool short fiber hair; Blade is flat, long 30-50cm, wide 3-5cm, micro-coarse with edge above, and base portion white, embraces stem.Panicle large, long 30-60 (-90) cm, wide 3-6 centimetre, branch is dense, oblique ascension; Little spike length 10-12 millimeter; Containing 2-4 little Hua, small ear joint is about 1 millimeter; In lemma, arteries and veins extends into the short awns of 1-2 millimeter, following close growth pubescence in the middle part of the back side, staple length 5-7 millimeter, and basal disc is about 0.5 millimeter, two upper lateral part tool pubescence, and the first lemma is about 1 centimetre; Glumelle is about as outer scale half; Stamen 3, the tiny black of caryopsis.
Giantreed is the large-scale kind in reed section, have growth soon, then ripe, straight round as a ball, pole long, it is short to save, the body gently and not easily feature such as lodging, it has again the wall thickness of bamboo, the feature that strong, tough and tensile, elasticity is large.Substitute the Chinese yam stem tuber soil spacer of husk and sawdust with giantreed processing, need to be machined to sawdust shape powdered biomass by crushed stalk.
From smashing principle, the more difficult pulverizing of softer material, as the fiber-like material of giantreed, reed, cogongrass, bamboo and so on.One procedure of the stalk crasher internal fracture after improvement adopts blade, rotary cutting, and the processing that Here it is tackles the softer material of fiber-like specially designs.Production efficiency is high, grindability is large, stream time is long.Stream time this mainly self-contained cooling system long can ensure mechanical long time running, and the impaired machine down that causes of part that can not cause because of heating, also can not heavy damage machining object biological attribute.
In sum, the ratio that Chinese yam stem tuber bends and the large percentage that fork occurs is there is in current yam cultivation technology, and easily hinder by sick damaged by insect, the pesticide resistance of Chinese yam is not enough, therefore how to overcome the problem that cultivation that the deficiencies in the prior art are current crops and processing technique field need solution badly.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is to meet and improving the deficiency of existing Chang Mount medicine culture technique, provides a kind of and easily obtains, be easy to processing, and has the Chinese yam stem tuber soil spacer of necessarily antibacterial and insect-pest effect.
The technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
Be conducive to a preparation method for the soil spacer of Chinese yam knot potato, comprise the steps:
Step (1), selects the plot at long yam planting district suitable planting corn;
Step (2), using under different for giantreed girth diameter is cut out as seedling; 2.0m, 3cm < girth diameter under the sanction of 1.5cm≤girth diameter≤3cm≤5cm cuts out lower 2.5m, 5cm < girth diameter≤7cm girth diameter and cuts out lower 3.0m, and to after otch sterilization, namely obtains seedling;
Step (3), the seedling trench digging accumbency starting step (2) to obtain in southern autumn Mo and winter that frozen soil can not occur is embedded in 14-16cm under the selected soil layer of step (1), and applies root-inducing powder, then plays level ridges, covers weeding black film; The applied amount of root-inducing powder is routine techniques means, with reference to market products instruction;
Step (4), 9-11 days after covering weeding black film, scratches into dotted line shape with pocket knife by the middle of Herbicide film, is beneficial to giantreed and germinates and take root;
Step (5), fills the gaps with seedlings to lacking pool place in flakes with feeding block seedlings raising before Second Year rainwater in spring arrives;
Step (6), Second Year first time falls frost and can start to gather for latter 10 days, gathers every year a season, root of staying overnight; 3rd year spring, rainwater removed weeding black film before arriving;
Step (7), teds 3-4 days by the giantreed that step (6) is gathered in natural conditions, is down to 18-22% to moisture;
Step (8), the giantreed after step (7) process is pulverized, and crushing rear material fineness reaches below 2mm, obtains giantreed end, namely becomes elementary type Chang Mount medicine stem tuber soil spacer, can directly use Chinese yam.
The described preparation method being conducive to the soil spacer of Chinese yam knot potato also comprises the steps: to carry out packing and transporting with hydraulic press-packing to the giantreed end that step (8) obtains.
The described preparation method being conducive to the soil spacer of Chinese yam knot potato, also comprises the steps: to add antibacterial agent and slow-release fertilizer in the giantreed end obtained to step (8), namely becomes elementary compound Chang Mount medicine stem tuber soil spacer.
The described preparation method being conducive to the soil spacer of Chinese yam knot potato, also comprises the steps: that the giantreed end to step (8) obtains is ground, output granularity 80-120 object giantreed powder, namely becomes high type Chang Mount medicine stem tuber soil spacer; Then add antibacterial agent and slow-release fertilizer wherein, namely become senior compound Chang Mount medicine stem tuber soil spacer.
In technical solution of the present invention, described in step (1), the plow layer in plot is more than 40cm, and soil layer is more than 2m, and precipitation or irrigation abundance; Giantreed described in step (2) is the high yielding variety of the wild giantreed domestication in Guilin.
In technical solution of the present invention, the ridge height playing level ridges described in step (3) is 15cm, row spacing 1.2m; The weeding black film fabric width 90-110cm covered.
In technical solution of the present invention, step (8) adopts the self-propelled feeding crusher of 9FQ60-40 to pulverize.
In technical solution of the present invention, described hydraulic press-packing is the hydraulic press-packing of DB-30 ton stalk.
In technical solution of the present invention, described grinding adopts the new 1000 type standard wood powder producing machines of JL.
The present invention also provides a kind of soil partition method being conducive to Chinese yam knot potato, use claim 1 ~ 9 any one soil spacer, when using U-type groove cultivation Chinese yam, the earth spacer that fetches earth add water fluffy after, be filled in U-type groove, and give prominence to and extend 2-3cm to side, then mulch farming soil, form Chinese yam stem tuber and grow separation layer that is rear and soil along U-type groove; The spacer usage amount 900-1100g of every strain Chinese yam.
key technology explanation
section 1 key technology: make foam with giantreed or powder is isolated Chinese yam stem tuber Soil Surrounding.
Tradition Chang Mount medicine grows vertically downward, general tap germinates point apart from earth's surface 5-10cm, a little about 15-25cm is expanded from tap point to the stem tuber that germinates, this part is usually located at plough horizon, also be the primary growth region of nutritive yam root, higher to the nutritional requirement of soil, to the germ in soil and insect resistance also stronger.And from enlarged area to stem tuber top, the namely pointed portion of Chinese yam, also growth has some hair roots, but Main Function absorbs moisture and breathing, almost nonnutritive contribution.Disease-resistant and the insect protected ability of this part stem tuber is also more weak, for no other reason than that be generally positioned at the raw soil layer below plow layer, this part soil layer is usually comparatively clean, and such weakness performance is also just not obvious.
It should be noted that Chang Mount medicine from enlarged area to stem tuber top, be distributed with a large amount of growing points, these growing points are exactly the germination point that young plant is done in Chinese yam segment, and more active the closer to these growing points of halter.Chang Mount medicine stem tuber apical growing point is have inhibiting to other these growing points, is only subject to such as insect pest, disease at apical growing point, and stone intercepts, or is burnt by the organic matter fermentation in soil, or during chemical fertilizer calcination, other growing points just can be excited to enliven.This is also formally the class main inducing that Chinese yam stem tuber sends out trouble.
When artificial guiding Chang Mount medicine cross growth, Chinese yam is just in topsoil from enlarged area to stem tuber tip portion and, and the total difficulty of most plough horizon avoids above-mentioned insect pest, disease, stone intercepts, or burnt by the organic matter fermentation in soil, or the existence of chemical fertilizer calcination phenomenon, corresponding isolation has just become a kind of necessary technology and mode.
The present invention makes foam or powder to the isolation of Chinese yam stem tuber Soil Surrounding with giantreed, just the growth characteristics combination of sciences of the Biomass Characteristics of giantreed and Chinese yam, is a much progress at agriculture human controllable's environmental area.
section 2 key technology: the implant mass mode of giantreed.
Giantreed belongs to vegetative propagation, common planting patterns is that the popular plant division in field, gardens is expanded numerous, i.e. Propagation of Rhizomes (giantreed rhizome is dug out the seedling that rear cut-out becomes band one or two gemma) and cottage propagation (stem stalk being blocked into the cuttage bar of 20-30cm), labour intensity is large, and efficiency is low.
The present invention takes whole strain vernalization normal root mode to expand numerous, and dense planting mode is cultivated.Its key is the choose opportunities of vernalization normal root, namely in the south of never frozen soil, with selecting under autumn Mo and early winter, and preserves soil moisture and weeding with weed removal mulch film.
Research finds, if temperature is too high after giantreed cuttage, or weed competition is excessive, then the in the initial stage of that seedling conference practice under the nutrition supply of parent abundance is long, and root development does not catch up with, then withered in a large number after later stage maternal nutrition loses.
In addition, because root development is undesirable, tillers then also undesirable, have a strong impact on output then.
Experiment finds, on the ground such as Hubei, Guangxi, the giantreed of cuttage in spring, withered ratio is up to 20-40%, the tiller number of surviving sections generally also only has 8-15 strain, and ground under being advanced to early winter autumn Mo in the first year, withered ratio only 10-15%, the tiller number of surviving sections generally reaches 25-30 strain, close to the effect of Propagation of Rhizomes.
Numerous cultivation is expanded in whole strain of the present invention, belongs to dense planting, has the scarce pool of 10-15%, affects output hardly.
section 3 key technology: the preparation method at elementary spacer giantreed end and Land use systems.
Elementary spacer giantreed end prepared by the present invention, refers to that crushing rear material fineness reaches the living beings smalls of below 2mm.First the key of its processing is by tedding dehydration under field conditions (factors), to water content about 20%, so that pulverize.Next selects suitable stalk crasher, and under the condition not destroying the basic Biomass Characteristics of giantreed, low cost is ground into the broken end that fineness is less than 2mm.3rd key be moisture about 14% by above-mentioned giantreed end briquetting so that transport.Lodge size 1000*500*700mm.
When cultivating Chinese yam and using, or during reprocessing, suitably add water fluffy to above-mentioned giantreed end briquetting.
section 4 key technology: the preparation method of senior spacer giantreed powder and Land use systems.
Elementary spacer giantreed powder prepared by the present invention, refer to crushing rear material fineness reach 100 orders about biomass powder powder material.Its key technology selects suitable wood powder grinder, under the condition not destroying the basic Biomass Characteristics of giantreed low cost grind to form fineness reach 100 orders about broken end.
Giantreed powder about fineness 100 order prepared by the present invention, the degradation effect in soil is desirable, can set up Antagonizing fast.
The mechanism of action of the present invention:
1, giantreed cellulose and content of lignin from high to low order be stalk branches and leaves.The content of cellulose of different populations and place of production giantreed differs greatly.The content of lignin of different populations and place of production giantreed differs greatly.Giantreed has a extensive future as the alternative of above-mentioned spacer.
The living beings contribution of giantreed is desirable, artificial culture in prolific area per mu yield more than 20 tons.Giantreed is rich in lignin, cellulose and vegetable protein, and every cubic foot density reaches 6.53 pounds (switchgrass 2.49 Chinese silvergrasses 2.24), and water suction dewatering is excellent, is the living beings filler closest to sawdust.
2, from giantreed the separable endogenetic fungus F0238 zymotic fluid obtaining trichoderma to Bot rytiscinerea, Sclerotiumrolfsii etc. 8 Plants pathogen has strong bacteriostatic activity and suppresses spore germination effect, and this acting on after fermenation raw liquid is diluted 160 times still exists; Opposite culture test shows that F0238 bacterium has very strong antagonism to phytopathogen, and Antagonizing is mainly hyperparasitism, nutrient competition effect and antibiosis etc.
Meanwhile, bacteria suspension and the zymotic fluid of giantreed endogenetic fungus F0238 have stronger bacteriostatic activity to botrytis cinerea pers, and comparatively long-acting, and Antagonizing is mainly nutrient competition effect, hyperparasitism and antibiosis etc.; Giantreed endogenetic fungus, to the inhibition test of the grey mold Spot expansion of in vitro cucumber, confirms the Biological control function of this bacterial cell and metabolite, and this is also very favorable to the growth of Chinese yam stem tuber.
In addition, from the donaxine that giantreed is extracted, another name 3-(dimethylamino methyl) indoles, molecular formula is C
11h
14n
2, belong to Alkaloids alkaloids, have efficient sterilizing effect.The donaxine extracted from giantreed has become the important path preparing efficient sterilizing organic agricultural chemicals.
3, giantreed is one of gramineous crop of happiness silicon, and silicone content is between paddy rice and sugarcane, corn.The leaf of giantreed, sugarcane, corn easily pokes finger, is exactly due to containing silicified cell.
Silicon is mainly with single silicic acid (H
4siO
4) molecular forms is absorbed by plants.Be transported with non-polymeric state form at plant corpus xylem silicon, and last mainly with aquation amorphous silicon (SiO
2nH
2o) or be called " biogenesis opal " form deposition.The availability of the silicon in rice husk, rice husk ash, rice straw compost is respectively 67%, 25% and 12%, and this shows that the availability of opal phytolith is quite high.
Traditional concept thinks that the main mechanism of silicon raising plant resistance to insect is physical action always, and namely silicon can improve the hardness of plant haulm, increases the difficulty of pests and digestion.The scholar of Agricultural University Of South China is found by research, although element silicon is not indispensable element in growth and development of plants, it is that plant resists adverse circumstance, the necessary chemical element of correlation between regulating plant and other biological.
In recent years, the effect of silicon in raising plants against abiotic and biotic stress resistance is but quite paid attention to, as silicon can improve the resistance of plant to arid, salt stress, ultra-violet radiation and damage by disease and insect etc.Such as silicon can improve the resistance of paddy rice to rice leaf roller, and after using silicon, the defense reaction of paddy rice to pests improves rapidly, and silicon plays guard effect to plant defense.
The spacer of the broken end of giantreed rice husk as an alternative, is mixed into soil after Chinese yam is gathered, close with another effect of rice husk, namely to improvement and supplementary soil siliceous fertilizer useful.
4, Efficient Wood cracker adopts blade cuts and high velocity air to impact, and collides dual crushing function in one, and can complete micro-material sorting manufacturing procedure simultaneously.In blade cuts crushing process, rotor produces high velocity air, and rotate with blade cuts direction, material accelerates in the gas flow, and repeated stock makes material be subject to dual pulverizing simultaneously, accelerates the degradation rate of material.
Another key technology is the use of sawdust cuber.Sawdust cuber is mainly applicable to corncob, and the compression of the particles such as wood chip, wood chip, bamboo chip, rice husk, cotton seed hulls, peanut shell, leaf, branch and pulverizing rear wheat straw, straw, cotton stalk, directly bagging, conveniently storage after compression, reduces cost of transportation.
Similar with poplar sawdust, linking property of giantreed end is comparatively strong, is compressed into block than being easier to, but the problem that giantreed end will be compressed into block most critical is the control of moisture ratio.Giantreed end may be compressed into block hardly when moisture content is high, at least can not realize under economic and practical angle.Want giantreed end be compressed into block and do not dissipate, the moisture content at giantreed end can not more than 14%.
Consider except buffer action, wish that the improving effect of giantreed foot couple soil, particularly rapid aging play bacteriostasis and insect protected effect, need to grind to form powdery about 100 orders to giantreed end.
The powdered biomass purposes that timber flour mill processes is quite extensive, and giantreed is no exception.The powder that timber breaks into wood powder, price general all at about 200 yuan/ton.Wood powder is of many uses, it is novel energy-saving environment-friendly raw material, be kind of quality raw materials for cultivation, also can be used as the raw material of the multiple products such as mosquito-repellent incense, leather, clothes, papermaking, electrical equipment, daily necessities, coating, cat litter, chemical industry, insulating materials, exterior decorative materials, construction material.
At present, the sawdust wood powder function after new improvement makes full use of impact, shear, clash into, the principle such as to roll, and production cost has reduced greatly, and cost is generally at about 100 yuan/ton.
compared with prior art, its beneficial effect is in the present invention:
Facts have proved, this mode forming isolation around Chinese yam stem tuber, the mode utilizing mold to fill U-type groove is compared with gathering materials on the spot, the ratio that Chinese yam stem tuber bends have decreased to about 8% from 25%, the ratio that fork occurs have decreased to about 9% from 33%, the ratio that obvious sick damaged by insect wound occurs have decreased to about 5% from 20%, and effectiveness is given prominence to very much.
Facts have proved, within 2-3 month, giantreed endogenetic fungus F0238 fully can be separated out under giantreed powder about 100 orders, and donaxine, organosilicon, not only buffer action is played to Chinese yam stem tuber Soil Surrounding, also antibacterial, the bactericidal action of obvious organic mode is provided to the district of expanding of Chinese yam stem tuber, obvious element silicon supplementary function, significantly improves the resistance of Chinese yam.
Specific embodiment
embodiment 1
Be conducive to a preparation method for the soil spacer of Chinese yam knot potato, comprise the steps:
Step (1), selects the plot at long yam planting district suitable planting corn; The plow layer in described plot is more than 40cm, and soil layer is more than 2m, and precipitation or irrigation abundance;
Step (2), using under different for giantreed girth diameter is cut out as seedling; 2.0m, 3cm < girth diameter under the sanction of 1.5cm≤girth diameter≤3cm≤5cm cuts out lower 2.5m, 5cm < girth diameter≤7cm girth diameter and cuts out lower 3.0m, and to after otch sterilization, namely obtains seedling; Wherein, described giantreed is the high yielding variety of the wild giantreed domestication in Guilin;
Step (3), the seedling trench digging accumbency starting step (2) to obtain in southern autumn Mo and winter that frozen soil can not occur is embedded in 14cm under the selected soil layer of step (1), and applies root-inducing powder, then level ridges is played, ridge height is 15cm, row spacing 1.2m, covers fabric width 90cm weeding black film;
Step (4), to cover after weeding black film 9 days, scratches into dotted line shape, be beneficial to giantreed and germinate and take root with pocket knife by the middle of Herbicide film;
Step (5), fills the gaps with seedlings to lacking pool place in flakes with feeding block seedlings raising before Second Year rainwater in spring arrives;
Step (6), Second Year can be gathered after Frost's Descent first time for 10 days, gathered every year a season, root of staying overnight; 3rd year spring, rainwater removed weeding black film before arriving;
Step (7), teds 3 days by the giantreed that step (6) is gathered in natural conditions, is down to 18% to moisture;
Step (8), giantreed after step (7) process adopts the self-propelled feeding crusher of 9FQ60-40 to pulverize, and crushing rear material fineness reaches below 2mm, obtains giantreed end, namely become elementary type Chang Mount medicine stem tuber soil spacer, can directly use Chinese yam.
The soil partition method being conducive to Chinese yam knot potato of the present embodiment, use above-mentioned must with soil spacer, when using U-type groove cultivation Chinese yam, the earth spacer that fetches earth add water fluffy after, be filled in U-type groove, and give prominence to and extend 2cm to side, then mulch farming soil, form Chinese yam stem tuber and grow separation layer that is rear and soil along U-type groove; The spacer usage amount 900g of every strain Chinese yam.
?
embodiment 2
Be conducive to a preparation method for the soil spacer of Chinese yam knot potato, comprise the steps:
Step (1), selects the plot at long yam planting district suitable planting corn; The plow layer in described plot is more than 40cm, and soil layer is more than 2m, and precipitation or irrigation abundance;
Step (2), using under different for giantreed girth diameter is cut out as seedling; 2.0m, 3cm < girth diameter under the sanction of 1.5cm≤girth diameter≤3cm≤5cm cuts out lower 2.5m, 5cm < girth diameter≤7cm girth diameter and cuts out lower 3.0m, and to after otch sterilization, namely obtains seedling; Wherein, described giantreed is the high yielding variety of the wild giantreed domestication in Guilin;
Step (3), the seedling trench digging accumbency starting step (2) to obtain in southern autumn Mo and winter that frozen soil can not occur is embedded in 16cm under the selected soil layer of step (1), and applies root-inducing powder, then level ridges is played, ridge height is 15cm, row spacing 1.2m, covers fabric width 110cm weeding black film;
Step (4), to cover after weeding black film 11 days, scratches into dotted line shape, be beneficial to giantreed and germinate and take root with pocket knife by the middle of Herbicide film;
Step (5), fills the gaps with seedlings to lacking pool place in flakes with feeding block seedlings raising before Second Year rainwater in spring arrives;
Step (6), Second Year can be gathered after Frost's Descent first time for 10 days, gathered every year a season, root of staying overnight; 3rd year spring, rainwater removed weeding black film before arriving;
Step (7), teds 4 days by the giantreed that step (6) is gathered in natural conditions, is down to 22% to moisture;
Step (8), giantreed after step (7) process adopts the self-propelled feeding crusher of 9FQ60-40 to pulverize, crushing rear material fineness reaches below 2mm, obtain giantreed end, packing and transporting is carried out at the giantreed end adopting the hydraulic press-packing of DB-30 ton stalk to obtain, and namely becomes compound Chinese yam stem tuber soil spacer.
The soil partition method being conducive to Chinese yam knot potato of the present embodiment, use above-mentioned must with soil spacer, when using U-type groove cultivation Chinese yam, the earth spacer that fetches earth add water fluffy after, be filled in U-type groove, and give prominence to and extend 3cm to side, then mulch farming soil, form Chinese yam stem tuber and grow separation layer that is rear and soil along U-type groove; The spacer usage amount 1100g of every strain Chinese yam.
embodiment 3
Be conducive to a preparation method for the soil spacer of Chinese yam knot potato, comprise the steps:
Step (1), selects the plot at long yam planting district suitable planting corn; The plow layer in described plot is more than 40cm, and soil layer is more than 2m, and precipitation or irrigation abundance;
Step (2), using under different for giantreed girth diameter is cut out as seedling; 2.0m, 3cm < girth diameter under the sanction of 1.5cm≤girth diameter≤3cm≤5cm cuts out lower 2.5m, 5cm < girth diameter≤7cm girth diameter and cuts out lower 3.0m, and to after otch sterilization, namely obtains seedling; Wherein, described giantreed is the high yielding variety of the wild giantreed domestication in Guilin;
Step (3), the seedling trench digging accumbency starting step (2) to obtain in southern autumn Mo and winter that frozen soil can not occur is embedded in 15cm under the selected soil layer of step (1), and applies root-inducing powder, then level ridges is played, ridge height is 15cm, row spacing 1.2m, covers fabric width 100cm weeding black film;
Step (4), to cover after weeding black film 10 days, scratches into dotted line shape, be beneficial to giantreed and germinate and take root with pocket knife by the middle of Herbicide film;
Step (5), fills the gaps with seedlings to lacking pool place in flakes with feeding block seedlings raising before Second Year rainwater in spring arrives;
Step (6), Second Year can be gathered after Frost's Descent first time for 10 days, gathered every year a season, root of staying overnight; 3rd year spring, rainwater removed weeding black film before arriving;
Step (7), teds 3.5 days by the giantreed that step (6) is gathered in natural conditions, is down to 20% to moisture;
Step (8), the giantreed after step (7) process adopts the self-propelled feeding crusher of 9FQ60-40 to pulverize, and crushing rear material fineness reaches below 2mm, obtains giantreed end.
Step (9), adds antibacterial agent and slow-release fertilizer in the giantreed end that step (8) obtains, and namely becomes elementary compound Chang Mount medicine stem tuber soil spacer.
The soil partition method being conducive to Chinese yam knot potato of the present embodiment, use above-mentioned must with soil spacer, when using U-type groove cultivation Chinese yam, the earth spacer that fetches earth add water fluffy after, be filled in U-type groove, and give prominence to and extend 2.5cm to side, then mulch farming soil, form Chinese yam stem tuber and grow separation layer that is rear and soil along U-type groove; The spacer usage amount 1000g of every strain Chinese yam.
embodiment 4
Be conducive to a preparation method for the soil spacer of Chinese yam knot potato, comprise the steps:
Step (1), selects the plot at long yam planting district suitable planting corn; The plow layer in described plot is more than 40cm, and soil layer is more than 2m, and precipitation or irrigation abundance;
Step (2), using under different for giantreed girth diameter is cut out as seedling; 2.0m, 3cm < girth diameter under the sanction of 1.5cm≤girth diameter≤3cm≤5cm cuts out lower 2.5m, 5cm < girth diameter≤7cm girth diameter and cuts out lower 3.0m, and to after otch sterilization, namely obtains seedling; Wherein, described giantreed is the high yielding variety of the wild giantreed domestication in Guilin;
Step (3), the seedling trench digging accumbency starting step (2) to obtain in southern autumn Mo and winter that frozen soil can not occur is embedded in 15cm under the selected soil layer of step (1), and applies root-inducing powder, then level ridges is played, ridge height is 15cm, row spacing 1.2m, covers fabric width 105cm weeding black film;
Step (4), to cover after weeding black film 10 days, scratches into dotted line shape, be beneficial to giantreed and germinate and take root with pocket knife by the middle of Herbicide film;
Step (5), fills the gaps with seedlings to lacking pool place in flakes with feeding block seedlings raising before Second Year rainwater in spring arrives;
Step (6), Second Year can be gathered after Frost's Descent first time for 10 days, gathered every year a season, root of staying overnight; 3rd year spring, rainwater removed weeding black film before arriving;
Step (7), teds 3.8 days by the giantreed that step (6) is gathered in natural conditions, is down to 20% to moisture;
Step (8), the giantreed after step (7) process adopts the self-propelled feeding crusher of 9FQ60-40 to pulverize, and crushing rear material fineness reaches below 2mm, obtains giantreed end;
Step (9), adopts the new 1000 type standard wood powder producing machines of JL to grind to the giantreed end that step (8) obtains, output granularity 80-120 object giantreed powder, namely become high type Chang Mount medicine stem tuber soil spacer; Then add antibacterial agent and slow-release fertilizer wherein, namely become senior compound Chang Mount medicine stem tuber soil spacer.
The soil partition method being conducive to Chinese yam knot potato of the present embodiment, use above-mentioned must with soil spacer, when using U-type groove cultivation Chinese yam, the earth spacer that fetches earth add water fluffy after, be filled in U-type groove, and give prominence to and extend 2.8cm to side, then mulch farming soil, form Chinese yam stem tuber and grow separation layer that is rear and soil along U-type groove; The spacer usage amount 1000g of every strain Chinese yam.
The concrete performance of technical solution of the present invention:
One, implement ground
Dongzhou Period in Chuxiong Lufeng County Yi Pinglang town Zhong Xingjing villagers' committee
Xuanwei of Yunnan Province National agricultural demonstration area slab bridge seed multiplication farm
Two, people is implemented
Dongzhou Period in Chuxiong Lufeng County veteran mountain valley with clumps of trees and bamboo yam planting cooperative society
Xuanwei of Yunnan Province slab bridge seed multiplication farm
Three, kind
Sieve time Chinese yam, general girth diameter 6-15cm, the edible long 60-90cm of stem tuber, traditional per mu yield about 3 tons;
Sieve time Chinese yam, have another name called Roots Chinese yam, be the long yam variety of main product of Lufeng Yunnan Roots embankment, cultivation history is long, delicate satiny, the micro-delicate fragrance of taste of, meat large with individuality glutinous tender, of fine quality, measure large and known far and wide.
Document is had to record, bronze period, the clan tribal chief in the ancients of the Yi nationality, distributed over Yunnan, Sichuan and Guizhou---sieve portion and time portion is transplanted to wild yam on mountain in the fertile sandy loam of the new reclamation of wasteland, through over thousands of year artificial cultivation, optimum choice, to the fine quality cultivated during the Two Jins in Chinese yam, locals's ancient times is " axe is Chinese yam " or " oxtail Chinese yam ".
Nan Zhao period, namely in 96 years of 760-856 Christian era, Nan Zhao Wang Feng gal is different, different try to gain seek, advise the rich three generations of helping prince all marry the female that time solely brocade is rough sieve be prince wife, be after, sieve time Chinese yam obtains imperial family and to praise highly and famous.
Product group training giantreed washes the former seedling of root in Guilin.Guilin domestication giantreed cuttage seeding.
Four, area is implemented
Chinese yam 1024 mu, wherein standard working-out field of planting cured tobacco crop rotation 252 mu, 416 mu, the tableland of suitable planting corn, the hillside of suitable planting potato 356 mu.
Giantreed, the strain of former seedling 100, under the Spring Festival in 2013; Cuttage seeding 10 mu, under autumn and winter in 2013.
Five, performance
Within 2013, carry out " a kind of yam cultivation supporting technology being suitable for the low labour intensity in mountain area " experiment in Dongzhou Period in Chuxiong Lufeng County Yi Pinglang town Zhong Xingjing villagers' committee, succeed.
Wherein, with giantreed end experiment area 30 mu; With giantreed powder experiment area 10 mu.
Six, effect assessment
The former seed of giantreed plants the strain of Second Year the mean tillering number 27, average plant height 3.4 meters, average strain kind 450g.
The strain of giantreed whole strain cuttage seeding plantation Second Year the mean tillering number 24.
The mode of isolation is formed around Chinese yam stem tuber, the mode utilizing mold to fill U-type groove is compared with gathering materials on the spot, the ratio that Chinese yam stem tuber bends have decreased to about 8% from 25%, the ratio that fork occurs have decreased to about 9% from 33%, the ratio that obvious sick damaged by insect wound occurs have decreased to about 5% from 20%, and effectiveness is given prominence to very much.
Within 2-3 month, giantreed endogenetic fungus F0238 fully can be separated out under giantreed powder about 100 orders, and donaxine, organosilicon, not only buffer action is played to Chinese yam stem tuber Soil Surrounding, also antibacterial, the bactericidal action of obvious organic mode is provided to the district of expanding of Chinese yam stem tuber, obvious element silicon supplementary function, significantly improves the resistance of Chinese yam.
Claims (10)
1. be conducive to a preparation method for the soil spacer of Chinese yam knot potato, it is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
Step (1), selects the plot at long yam planting district suitable planting corn;
Step (2), using under different for giantreed girth diameter is cut out as seedling; 2.0m, 3cm < girth diameter under the sanction of 1.5cm≤girth diameter≤3cm≤5cm cuts out lower 2.5m, 5cm < girth diameter≤7cm girth diameter and cuts out lower 3.0m, and to after otch sterilization, namely obtains seedling;
Step (3), the seedling trench digging accumbency starting step (2) to obtain in southern autumn Mo and winter that frozen soil can not occur is embedded in 14-16cm under the selected soil layer of step (1), and applies root-inducing powder, then plays level ridges, covers weeding black film;
Step (4), 9-11 days after covering weeding black film, scratches into dotted line shape with pocket knife by the middle of Herbicide film;
Step (5), fills the gaps with seedlings to lacking pool place in flakes with feeding block seedlings raising before Second Year rainwater in spring arrives;
Step (6), Second Year first time falls frost and can start to gather for latter 10 days, gathers every year a season, root of staying overnight; 3rd year spring, rainwater removed weeding black film before arriving;
Step (7), teds 3-4 days by the giantreed that step (6) is gathered in natural conditions, is down to 18-22% to moisture;
Step (8), the giantreed after step (7) process is pulverized, and crushing rear material fineness reaches below 2mm, obtains giantreed end, namely becomes elementary type Chang Mount medicine stem tuber soil spacer.
2. the preparation method being conducive to the soil spacer of Chinese yam knot potato according to claim 1, characterized by further comprising following steps: carry out packing and transporting with hydraulic press-packing to the giantreed end that step (8) obtains.
3. the preparation method being conducive to the soil spacer of Chinese yam knot potato according to claim 1, characterized by further comprising following steps: in the giantreed end that step (8) obtains, add antibacterial agent and slow-release fertilizer, namely become elementary compound Chang Mount medicine stem tuber soil spacer.
4. the preparation method being conducive to the soil spacer of Chinese yam knot potato according to claim 1, characterized by further comprising following steps: the giantreed end that step (8) obtains is ground, output granularity 80-120 object giantreed powder, namely becomes high type Chang Mount medicine stem tuber soil spacer; Then add antibacterial agent and slow-release fertilizer wherein, namely become senior compound Chang Mount medicine stem tuber soil spacer.
5. the preparation method being conducive to the soil spacer of Chinese yam knot potato according to claim 1, is characterized in that the plow layer in plot described in step (1) is more than 40cm, and soil layer is more than 2m, and precipitation or irrigation abundance; Giantreed described in step (2) is the high yielding variety of the wild giantreed domestication in Guilin.
6. the preparation method being conducive to the soil spacer of Chinese yam knot potato according to claim 1, is characterized in that the ridge height playing level ridges described in step (3) is 15cm, row spacing 1.2m; The weeding black film fabric width 90-110cm covered.
7. the preparation method being conducive to the soil spacer of Chinese yam knot potato according to claim 1, is characterized in that step (8) adopts the self-propelled feeding crusher of 9FQ60-40 to pulverize.
8. the preparation method being conducive to the soil spacer of Chinese yam knot potato according to claim 2, is characterized in that described hydraulic press-packing is the hydraulic press-packing of DB-30 ton stalk.
9. the preparation method being conducive to the soil spacer of Chinese yam knot potato according to claim 4, is characterized in that described grinding adopts the new 1000 type standard wood powder producing machines of JL.
10. one kind is conducive to the soil partition method of Chinese yam knot potato, use claim 1 ~ 9 any one soil spacer, it is characterized in that, when using U-type groove cultivation Chinese yam, the earth spacer that fetches earth add water fluffy after, to be filled in U-type groove, and outstanding and extend 2-3cm to side, then mulch farming soil, forms Chinese yam stem tuber and grows separation layer that is rear and soil along U-type groove; The spacer usage amount 900-1100g of every strain Chinese yam.
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