CN104220287A - 动力传递装置以及具备该动力传递装置的混合动力工程机械 - Google Patents

动力传递装置以及具备该动力传递装置的混合动力工程机械 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104220287A
CN104220287A CN201380016991.6A CN201380016991A CN104220287A CN 104220287 A CN104220287 A CN 104220287A CN 201380016991 A CN201380016991 A CN 201380016991A CN 104220287 A CN104220287 A CN 104220287A
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power
driving engine
electrical motor
motor
engine
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CN201380016991.6A
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CN104220287B (zh
Inventor
广泽允纪
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Kobelco Construction Machinery Co Ltd
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Kobelco Construction Machinery Co Ltd
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/2058—Electric or electro-mechanical or mechanical control devices of vehicle sub-units
    • E02F9/2062—Control of propulsion units
    • E02F9/2075—Control of propulsion units of the hybrid type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/445—Differential gearing distribution type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/46—Series type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B60L1/003—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to auxiliary motors, e.g. for pumps, compressors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
    • B60L50/15—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with additional electric power supply
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明能够将发动机的动力作为液压泵的动力而直接利用，并且，高效率地进行发电及辅助。本发明包括：发动机（14）；能够利用发动机（14）的动力工作从而发电的发电机（15）；能够蓄积所述发电机（15）发出的电力的电池（19）；能够利用发动机（14）的动力以及电池（19）的电力而工作的电动机（16）；以通过电动机（16）的工作而驱动的方式连接于电动机（16）的液压泵（18）；连接于发动机（14）、发电机（15）以及电动机（16），以便将发动机（14）的动力分配至发电机（15）和电动机（16）的功率分配器（17）。

Description

动力传递装置以及具备该动力传递装置的混合动力工程机械
 
技术领域
本发明涉及一种混合动力工程机械，其具有发动机、利用发动机的动力进行发电的发电机以及能够利用由发电机发出的电力驱动的液压泵。
 
背景技术
作为所述混合动力工程机械，以往已知有采用串联式混合动力系统的混合动力工程机械和采用并联式混合动力系统的混合动力工程机械。
采用串联式混合动力系统的工程机械例如记载于专利文献1。具体而言，专利文献1记载的工程机械包括：发动机；由发动机驱动的发电机；被供应由发电机发出的电力的电动机；以及由电动机驱动的液压泵。在该串联式混合动力系统中，发动机和液压泵并没有机械性地连接。
另一方面，并联式混合动力系统包括：发动机；由发动机驱动的液压泵；以及发电电动机机，该发电电动机利用发动机的动力而能够作为发电机工作，从而将电力蓄积于蓄电器，并且，该发电电动机利用来自蓄电器的电力而能够作为电动机工作，从而辅助驱动液压泵的发动机。
然而，在采用串联式混合动力系统的工程机械中，由于发动机和液压泵并没有机械性地连接，所以不能将发动机的动力直接作为液压泵的动力而利用。因此，要求用于驱动液压泵的电动机进行高输出而电动机大型化，其结果，布置的自由度下降。此外，即使在发动机的输出有余裕的情况下，也不能将发动机动力直接传递给液压泵。而且，在电气系统发生故障的情况下，也难以通过驱动液压泵来进行紧急退避动作。
另一方面，在并联式混合动力系统中，由于将一台发电电动机兼用作发电机和电动机，所以不能高效率地使用发电电动机。具体而言，发电电动机发电时的输出与辅助时的输出不同，由于设定于一台发电电动机的额定输出只有一个，因此，发电时和辅助时，不能有效地利用额定输出。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1：日本专利公开公报特开2001-329573号
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种动力传递装置以及具备该动力传递装置的混合动力工程机械，能够将发动机的动力作为液压泵的动力而直接利用，并且，能够高效率地进行发电以及辅助。
为了解决所述问题，本发明提供一种动力传递装置，包括：发动机；发电机，能够利用所述发动机的动力工作从而发电；电池，能够蓄积所述发电机发出的电力；电动机，能够利用所述发动机的动力以及所述电池的电力而工作；液压泵，以通过所述电动机的工作而驱动的方式连接于所述电动机；以及功率分配器，连接于所述发动机、所述发电机以及所述电动机，以便将所述发动机的动力分配至所述发电机和所述电动机。
另外，本发明提供一种混合动力工程机械，包括：液压致动器；以及所述动力传递装置，具有驱动所述液压致动器的液压泵。
根据本发明，能够将发动机的动力作为液压泵的动力而直接利用，并且，能够高效率地进行发电以及辅助。
 
附图说明
图1是表示本发明的实施方式所涉及的混合动力挖掘机的整体结构的右侧视图。
图2是表示图1的混合动力挖掘机所具有的动力传递装置的概略结构的框图。
图3是表示图2所示的发电机的驱动效率以及图2所示的电动机的驱动效率的图。
图4是表示采用并联式系统的混合动力挖掘机的发电电动机的驱动效率的图。
图5是表示图2所示的实施方式的变形例所涉及的动力传递装置的概略结构的框图。
图6是表示图5所示的发电机的驱动效率的图。
图7是表示图5所示的动力控制器执行的处理的流程图。
 
具体实施方式
下面，参照附图说明本发明的实施方式。此外，以下的实施方式是将本发明具体化的例子，并不用来限定本发明的技术范围。
作为本发明所涉及的混合动力工程机械的一例的混合动力挖掘机1包括：自行式的下部行走体2；能够回转地设置在下部行走体2上的上部回转体3；以及图2所示的动力传递装置4。
下部行走体2包括左右一对履带2a和分别设置在这些履带2a的图外的行走马达。
上部回转体3包括：能够回转地安装于下部行走体2上的上框架5；使上框架5相对于所述下部行走体2进行回转动作的图外的回转马达；以及以能够起伏的方式设置于上框架5的作业附属装置6。
作业附属装置6包括：具有以能够起伏的方式安装于上框架5的基端部的动臂7；具有以能够摆动的方式设置于动臂7的顶端部的基端部的斗杆8；以及以能够摆动的方式设置于斗杆8的顶端部的铲斗9。此外，作业附属装置包括：使动臂7相对于上框架5进行起伏动作的动臂工作缸10；使斗杆8相对于动臂7摆动的斗杆工作缸11；以及使铲斗9相对于斗杆8摆动的铲斗工作缸12。
下部行走体2的行走马达（未图示）、上部回转体3的回转马达（未图示）以及各工作缸10～12构成本实施方式的液压致动器。
动力传递装置4包括：发动机14；能够利用发动机14的动力工作从而发电的发电机15；能够蓄积由发电机15发出的电力的电池19；能够利用发动机14的动力以及电池19的电力工作的电动机16；以通过电动机16工作而驱动的方式连接于电动机16的液压泵18；分配发动机14的动力的功率分配器17；控制发电机15的驱动的发电机控制器20；控制电动机16的驱动的电动机控制器21；以及向发电机控制器20和电动机控制器21输出控制指令的动力控制器22。
发电机15经由功率分配器17连接于发动机14，以便能够接收来自发动机14的动力。
电池19能够蓄积由发电机158发出的电力，且能够将蓄积的电力供应至电动机16。具体而言，电池19与发电机15和电动机16电连接。
电动机16经由功率分配器17连接于发动机14，以便能够接收来自发动机14的动力。此外，电动机16在接收来自发动机14的动力的状态下接收来自电池19的电力，从而在来自发动机14的动力的基础上还能够将电动机16生成的动力供应至液压泵18（能够辅助发动机14）。
液压泵18喷出用于驱动所述液压致动器（行走马达（未图示）、回转马达（未图示）以及各工作缸10～12）中的至少一个的工作油。
功率分配器17将发动机14的动力分配给发电机15和电动机16。具体而言，功率分配器17具有用于将发动机14的动力分配给两个系统的齿轮机构。本实施方式所涉及的功率分配器17具有发动机14的转速与发电机15及电动机16的转速的齿轮比为1:1的齿轮机构。因此，在发动机14的转速被维持的状态下，发动机14的动力被分配至发电机15和电动机16。
发电机控制器20控制发电机15的发电量。具体而言，发电机控制器20控制对于发电机15的转矩。发电机控制器20例如可由逆变器构成。
电动机控制器21控制电动机16的驱动。具体而言，电动机控制器21控制对电动机16的来自电池19的电流。电动机控制器21例如可由逆变器构成。
动力控制器22根据发动机14的工作状态，向发电机控制器20和电动机控制器21输出控制指令。具体而言，动力控制器22在发动机14的动力有余裕的情况下，向发电机控制器20输出用于进行发电的控制指令。另一方面，动力控制器22在发动机14的动力无余裕的情况下，向电动机控制器21输出用于进行利用电动机16的辅助的控制指令。
如以上说明所述，在所述实施方式中，分别具备发电用的发电机15和用于辅助发动机14的电动机16，并且，这些发电机15和电动机16经由功率分配器17连接于发动机14。据此，一边利用发动机14的动力来进行发电，一边将发动机14的动力直接作为电动机16的（液压泵18）的动力而利用。另一方面，利用电池19的电力使电动机16工作，从而驱动液压泵18，即能够辅助发动机14。
因此，在所述实施方式中，与串联式混合动力系统不同，获得以下效果。具体而言，由于能够将发动机14的动力直接作为液压泵18的动力而利用，因此，能够将要求电动机16的输出抑制得小，并且能够缩小电动机16。此外，在发动机14的输出有余裕或者电气系统发生故障的情况下，能够利用发动机14的动力来驱动液压泵18。
此外，在所述实施方式中，与并联式混合动力系统不同，获得以下效果。具体而言，根据所述实施方式，分别具有发电用的发电机15和辅助用的电动机16。因此，通过选择具有与发电时的输出相应的额定输出的发电机15，并且选择具有与辅助时的输出相应的额定输出的电动机16，能够高效率地进行发电以及辅助。
具体而言，例如设想发电输出大于辅助输出的情况。此时，如并联式混合动力系统，如果让一个发电电动机具有作为发电机的功能和作为电动机的功能，则如图4所示，不能有效利用发电电动机的额定输出P3。即，至多能选择具有发电输出与辅助输出之间的额定输出的发电电动机。
相对于此，在所述实施方式中，如图3所示，通过选择具有与发电输出相应的额定输出P1的发电机15和具有与辅助输出相应的额定输出P2的电动机16，能够高效率地进行发电以及辅助。
因此，根据所述实施方式，能够将发动机14的动力作为液压泵18的动力而直接利用，并且，能够高效率地进行发电以及辅助。
以下，参照图5说明所述实施方式的变形例。此外，与所述实施方式相同的结构附上相同的符号并省略其说明。
本实施方式所涉及的动力传递装置4包括：设置于功率分配器17的增速机构（变速机构）23；设置在功率分配器17与电动机16之间的离合器24；用于使离合器24进行切换动作的离合器切换部件25；控制发动机14的驱动的发动机控制器27；以及检测电池19的充电量的充电量检测器26。
增速机构23使发动机14的转速变化，以使发电机15的转速高于电动机16的转速。具体而言，增速机构23在使发动机14的转速增加的状态下将发动机14的动力传递至发电机15。本实施方式所涉及的增速机构23具有齿轮比为1:2.5的齿轮机构，以使发电机15的转速为发动机14的转速（例如2000rpm）的2.5倍（5000rpm）。此外，利用发动机14的动力而工作的电动机16的转速与图2所示的情况同样，等同于发动机14的转速。
换言之，在本实施方式中，由增速机构23将发电机15的转速设定为高于电动机16的转速。据此，能够实现发电机15的小型化以及提高发电效率。具体而言，在获得所要求的输出时，如果能够提高发电机15的转速，就能够将发电机15的容量抑制得小，因此，能够实现发电机的小型化。此外，如图6所示，在发电机15中，转速越高则越能容易以高效率驱动，因此，通过提高发电机15的转速，能够提高发电效率。具体而言，在本实施方式中，如图6所示，选择在5000rpm的转速下获得额定输出P4的发电机15。
此外，在本实施方式中，以发动机14的转速（2000rpm）为基准，发电机15的转速（5000rpm）增加，并且，电动机的转速（2000rpm）被维持。据此，实现上述的发电机15的小型化以及发电效率，并且，将使用于直接连接发动机和液压泵的工程机械中的液压泵，能够在不变更其规格的情况下利用。因此，在多个种类的工程机械中，能够实现液压泵18的通用化。
离合器24能够在连接状态与切断状态之间进行切换动作，其中，连接状态连接功率分配器17与电动机16之间的动力的传递路径，切断状态将功率分配器17与电动机16之间的动力的传递路径切断。
离合器切换部件25向离合器24供应用于进行切换动作的动力。例如，离合器切换部件25可由向离合器24机械性地赋予推压力的工作缸等的推压部件、或者在离合器能够利用工作流体动作的情况下控制对离合器的工作流体的流量的控制阀等构成。
发动机控制器27能够控制发动机14的转速（包含发动机14的驱动或停止）。
充电量检测器26电气性地检测电池19的充电量。此外，充电量检测器26也可以检测电池19的温度，并基于该检测温度计算出充电量。另外，充电量检测器26无需与各控制器20～22独立设置，例如也可以由各控制器20～22中的一个构成充电量检测器。
本实施方式所涉及的动力控制器22基于来自充电量检测器26的检测结果，向离合器切换部件25、电动机控制器21以及发动机控制器27输出控制指令。具体而言，动力控制器22在由充电量检测器26检测出的电池19的充电量为规定值以上时，输出用于使离合器24切换为切断状态、使电动机利用电池19的电力工作、进而使发动机14停止的控制信号。
以下，参照图7说明由动力控制器22执行的处理。
由动力控制器22执行的处理在发动机14的起动条件成立后开始。如果该处理开始，首先使离合器24切换为连接状态，并且使发动机14起动（步骤S1）。接着，判定由充电量检测器26检测出的充电量是否为规定值以上（步骤S2）。
在步骤S2判定为充电量为规定值以上时，使离合器24切换为切换状态（步骤S3），并且，利用电池19的电力驱动电动机16（步骤S4），进而使发动机14停止（步骤S5）。通过这些步骤S3～S5，在电池19的充电量有余裕的情况下，能够在让发动机14停止的状态下驱动液压泵18。因此，能够降低耗油量。这些步骤S3～S5持续执行电池19的充电量低于所述规定值的期间（在步骤S6判定为“否”的期间）。另一方面，如果电池19的充电量低于所述规定值（在步骤S6为“是”），则返回到步骤S1。
如果在所述步骤S2判定为充电量低于规定值，则判定电动机16是否能辅助（步骤S7）。即，在步骤S7，基于电池19的充电量和发动机14的驱动状态（包含液压泵18的负荷）判断电动机16能否辅助。如果在步骤S7判定为能辅助，则利用电池19的电力驱动电动机16（步骤S8）。步骤S8的由电动机16进行的对发动机14的辅助持续执行被判定为不能辅助的期间（在步骤S9判定为“否”的期间）。
如果在步骤S7和步骤S9判定为不能辅助，则反复执行所述步骤S2。
如以上说明所述，根据所述实施方式，在电池19的充电量有余裕的情况下让发动机14停止，能够仅以电动机16的输出而驱动液压泵18。据此，能够降低耗油量。
此外，上述的具体实施方式主要包括具有以下结构的发明。
即，本发明提供一种动力传递装置，包括：发动机；发电机，能够利用所述发动机的动力工作从而发电；电池，能够蓄积所述发电机发出的电力；电动机，能够利用所述发动机的动力以及所述电池的电力而工作；液压泵，以通过所述电动机的工作而驱动的方式连接于所述电动机；以及功率分配器，连接于所述发动机、所述发电机以及所述电动机，以便将所述发动机的动力分配至所述发电机和所述电动机。
在本发明中，分别具备发电用的发电机和用于辅助发动机的电动机，并且，这些发电机和电动机经由功率分配器而连接于发动机。据此，能够利用发动机的动力进行发电，并且能够将发动机的动力直接作为电动机（液压泵）的动力而利用。另一方面，通过利用电池的电力来使电动机工作，从而能够驱动液压泵，即能够辅助发动机。
因此，本发明与串联式混合动力系统不同，获得以下效果。具体而言，由于能够将发动机的动力直接作为液压泵的动力而利用，因此，能够将要求电动机的输出抑制得小，能够缩小电动机。此外，在发动机的输出有余裕或者电气系统发生故障的情况下，能够利用发动机的动力来驱动液压泵。
此外，本发明与并联式混合动力系统不同，获得以下的效果。具体而言，根据本发明，分别具有发电用的发电机和辅助用的电动机。因此，通过选择具有与发电时的输出相应的额定输出的发电机，并且选择具有与辅助时的输出相应的额定输出的电动机，能够高效率地进行发电以及辅助。
因此，根据本发明，能够将发动机的动力作为液压泵的动力而直接利用，并且能够高效率地进行发电以及辅助。
在所述动力传递装置中，优选：所述功率分配器具有使所述发动机的转速变化的变速机构，以使所述发电机的转速高于所述电动机的转速。
在该结构中，由变速机构将发电机的转速设定为高于电动机的转速。据此，能够实现发电机的小型化以及提高发电效率。具体而言，在获得所要求的输出时如果能够提高发电机的转速，就能够将发电机的容量抑制得小，因此，能够实现发电机的小型化。此外，在发电机中，转速越高则越容易以高效率进行驱动，因此，通过提高发电机的转速，能够提高发电效率。
在所述动力传递装置中，优选：在使所述发动机的转速增加的状态下，所述变速机构将所述发动机的动力传递给所述发电机，所述功率分配器以维持所述发动机的转速的状态，将所述发动机的动力传递给所述电动机。
在该结构中，以发动机的转速为基准，增加发电机的转速，并且，电动机的转速被维持。据此，能够实现上述的发电机的小型化以及发电效率的情况下，将使用于直接连接发动机和液压泵的工程机械中的液压泵，能够在不变更其规格的情况下利用。因此，在多个种类的工程机械中，能够实现液压泵的通用化。
在所述动力传递装置中，优选还包括：离合器，能够在连接状态与切断状态之间进行切换动作，其中，所述连接状态连接所述功率分配器与所述电动机之间的动力的传递路径，所述切断状态使所述功率分配器与所述电动机之间的动力的传递路径切断；充电量检测器，能够检测所述电池的充电量；以及动力控制单元，在所述充电量检测器检测出的电池的充电量为规定值以上时，将所述离合器切换为切断状态，并使所述电动机利用所述电池的电力工作，进而让发动机停止。
根据该结构，在电池的充电量有余裕的情况下让发动机停止，能够仅以电动机的输出来驱动液压泵。据此，能够降低耗油量。
具体而言，能够采用如下结构，即：所述动力控制单元包括：离合器切换部件，用于将所述离合器在连接状态与切断状态之间切换；电动机控制器，控制所述电动机的驱动；发动机控制器，控制所述发动机的控制；以及动力控制器，基于来自所述充电量检测器的检测结果，向所述离合器切换部件、所述电动机控制器以及所述发动机控制器输出控制指令。
此外，本发明提供一种混合动力工程机械，包括：液压致动器；以及所述动力传递装置，具有驱动所述液压致动器的液压泵。
产业上的可利用性
根据本发明，能够将发动机的动力作为液压泵的动力而直接利用，并且能够高效率地进行发电以及辅助。
符号说明
1   混合动力挖掘机（混合动力工程机械）
4   动力传递装置
14   发动机
15   发电机
16   电动机
17   功率分配器
18   液压泵
19   电池
20   发电机控制器
21   电动机控制器
22   动力控制器
23   增速机构（变速机构）
24   离合器
25   离合器切换部件
26   充电量检测器
27   发动机控制器

Claims (6)

1. 一种动力传递装置，被设置于混合动力工程机械中，其特征在于包括：
发动机；
发电机，能够利用所述发动机的动力工作从而发电；
电池，能够蓄积所述发电机发出的电力；
电动机，能够利用所述发动机的动力以及所述电池的电力而工作；
液压泵，以通过所述电动机的工作而驱动的方式连接于所述电动机；以及
功率分配器，连接于所述发动机、所述发电机以及所述电动机，以便将所述发动机的动力分配至所述发电机和所述电动机。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的动力传递装置，其特征在于：
所述功率分配器具有使所述发动机的转速变化的变速机构，以使所述发电机的转速高于所述电动机的转速。
3. 根据权利要求2所述的动力传递装置，其特征在于：
在使所述发动机的转速增加的状态下，所述变速机构将所述发动机的动力传递给所述发电机，
所述功率分配器以维持所述发动机的转速的状态，将所述发动机的动力传递给所述电动机。
4. 根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的动力传递装置，其特征在于还包括：
离合器，能够在连接状态与切断状态之间进行切换动作，其中，所述连接状态连接所述功率分配器与所述电动机之间的动力的传递路径，所述切断状态使所述功率分配器与所述电动机之间的动力的传递路径切断；
充电量检测器，能够检测所述电池的充电量；以及
动力控制单元，在所述充电量检测器检测出的电池的充电量为规定值以上时，将所述离合器切换为切断状态，并使所述电动机利用所述电池的电力工作，进而让发动机停止。
5. 根据权利要求4所述的动力传递装置，其特征在于，所述动力控制单元包括：
离合器切换部件，用于将所述离合器在连接状态与切断状态之间切换；
电动机控制器，控制所述电动机的驱动；
发动机控制器，控制所述发动机的控制；以及
动力控制器，基于来自所述充电量检测器的检测结果，向所述离合器切换部件、所述电动机控制器以及所述发动机控制器输出控制指令。
6. 一种混合动力工程机械，其特征在于包括：
液压致动器；以及
如权利要求1至5中任一项所述的动力传递装置，具有驱动所述液压致动器的液压泵。
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CN110843513A (zh) * 2019-11-01 2020-02-28 荆门市亿美工业设计有限公司 一种机械式自动扭矩控制动能耦合器
CN110843513B (zh) * 2019-11-01 2021-04-09 荆门市亿美工业设计有限公司 一种机械式自动扭矩控制动能耦合器
CN110936948A (zh) * 2019-12-02 2020-03-31 北京智远弘业机器人科技有限公司 一种不同类型的执行单元的功率分配方法及装置

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