CN104195016A - 一种海滨锦葵风味酒 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种海滨锦葵风味酒,将成熟的海滨锦葵茎杆清洗干燥后切割成小段,使用乙醇回流提取,将提取液浓缩得到黄褐色浸膏,再将提取浸膏与一种或以上的炮制酒和/或调味剂进行勾兑。由于海滨锦葵茎杆提取物中含有独特的风味化学成分,使得本发明产品具有独特的口感和香味。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于天然产物领域,具体涉及一种海滨锦葵茎秆的提取物及其应用。
背景技术
锦葵科植物(Malvaceae)属于锦葵目,木本或草本,约有75属,1000-1500种,分布于温带及热带,其中锦葵属、蜀葵属、秋葵属和木槿属为庭园观赏植物 多数可做药用或蔬菜食用。如木槿(Hibiscus syriaeus)全株可入药,花可做蔬菜食用,又如蜀葵(Althaea rosea)全草可入药,清热止血。而药蜀葵(Althaea officinalis)俗名“Marsh mallow”,在欧美几乎是家喻户晓的食药兼用的植物,其花、叶可做色拉和茶,块根磨碎后可做可口的蛋白糖饼和煎炸后的美味佳肴,还兼有治疗咳嗽、上呼吸道炎症等药用价值。
海滨锦葵(Kosteletzkya virginica)系锦葵科海滨锦葵属,其分类与锦葵科木槿属和锦葵科蜀葵属相近似,是一种耐盐性很强的多年生宿根植物,原产地美国。海滨锦葵的食用价值在欧美也早有记载:叶、花可做色拉生食,也可做汤菜,其块根的食用方法类似药蜀葵,可做蛋白糖饼等。(文献Puckhaber Lorraine S, Stipanovic Robert D, and Bost Georgia A. 2002. Analyses for Flavonoid Aglycones in Fresh and Preserved Hibiscus Flowers. Trends in new crops and new uses)。
1993年,由南京大学盐生植物研究室主任钦佩教授将其从美国特拉华大学引入我国,在大连、江苏、山东等省大面积种植,并对其进行了一系列深入研究。
2004年南京大学钦佩教授与中国林科院林化所合作,将海滨锦葵种子的植物油提炼加工成生物柴油获得成功。
申请号为20061088338.2的中国专利文献公开了深度开发海滨锦葵的方法,利用海滨锦葵块根的可溶性提取物和固体残渣,将海滨锦葵块状宿根收获-晾干-切成2-4cm的小块-经筛选除尘-再次粉碎成更细小的碎块-蒸汽蒸煮提取30-45分钟或微波蒸煮10分钟-送入过滤离心机进行固、液分离,液体经浓缩后作为优质添加剂用于保健食品、饲料生产,将固体残渣发酵后作为优质饲料。
申请号为2012102428397的中国专利文献公开了一种海滨锦葵块根在制酒中的应用,将海滨锦葵块根或者将海滨锦葵块根与食材或药材浸泡于酒浸泡于酒中,制得酒类饮品。
现有技术下,仅有对海滨锦葵块根的研究报道,但是对其它有效部位的研究几乎为零。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于扩大海滨锦葵的利用率,对海滨锦葵茎秆的有效成分进行研究,制备得到海滨锦葵茎秆的活性提取物,并在将其用于制酒的研究中发现其具有很好的风味。
本发明的技术方案如下:
一种海滨锦葵风味酒,其特征在于采用如下方法制备而成:
(1)将成熟的海滨锦葵茎杆清洗干燥后切割成小段,使用乙醇回流提取,将提取液浓缩得到黄褐色浸膏;
(2) 将步骤(1)制得的海滨锦葵茎秆的提取浸膏与一种或以上的炮制酒和/或调味剂进行勾兑。
上述海滨锦葵茎杆与乙醇的重量体积比为1:5-10(kg/L)。
上述海滨锦葵茎杆与乙醇的重量体积比为1:5-10(kg/L)。
优选提取次数为1-5次,更优选提取3次,每次1-5小时。
上述海滨锦葵茎秆的提取物可以作为风味调味剂用于制酒,优选的一种方式为将本发明所述海滨锦葵茎秆的提取物与一种或以上的调味酒和/或调味剂进行勾兑。进一步优选的调配比例为1g提取物与0.3-1L炮制酒进行勾兑。
上述炮制酒为常规用于浸泡食材或药材的纯粮白酒或黄酒,白酒可以为曲酒、白干、高粱酒、烧酒等,白酒的酒精度数为30-60度,或黄酒中的酒精度数为10-20度时,产品风味口感最好。
此外上述酒中还可以加入常规用于饮料或酒类的添加剂,如增味剂,甜味剂等等,优选蜂蜜、冰糖或食用香精。
本发明产品酒与使用海滨锦葵块根制得的酒相比具有独特的口感和香味。
申请人在对海滨锦葵茎秆有效成分的研究中发现,茎秆提取物除了含有大量的黄酮和多糖成分,相对于块根提取物,茎秆提取物中含有独特的风味化学成分。
将茎秆提取物浸膏,经过硅胶柱层析,分别选取石油醚-乙酸乙酯系统(20:0、20:2、0:20),乙酸乙酯-乙醇5:1、乙醇梯度洗脱。TLC检测合并相同流分,共得3个组分,每一组分再经过200-300目硅胶细分。选取石油醚-乙酸乙酯展开、洗脱。采用HPLC方法进行分析,并对每个成分进行结构鉴定。
风味成分1:山奈酚-3-O-b-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷,黄色针状簇晶(乙醇),熔点205~210°C,10%硫酸-乙醇显淡黄色,紫外扫描显示在260nm、351nm有吸收峰。HCl-Mg 反应及Molish 反应皆呈阳性,表明其为黄酮苷类化合物,1H-NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d6):δ = 3.08-3.36 (5 H,m,2''–6''-H),3.56 (1 H,dd,J = 5.2,11.3 Hz,6''a-H),4.32,4.99,5.11,5.39 (4 H,glu-OH),5.47 (1 H,d,J = 7.4 Hz,1''-H),6.20 (1 H,d,J = 2.0 Hz,6-H),6.43 (1 H,d,J = 2.0 Hz,8-H),6.88 (2 H,d,J = 8.9 Hz,3',5'-H),8.04 (2 H,d,J = 8.8 Hz,2',6'-H),12.63 (1 H,brs,5-OH)。13C-NMR (75 MHz,DMSO-d6):δ = 60.8 (6''-C),69.9 (4''-C),74.2 (5''-C),76.4 (2''-C),77.5 (3''-C),93.6 (8-C),98.7 (6-C),100.8 (1''-C),104.0 (C-10),115.1 (3'-C,5'-C),120.9 (1'-C),130.9 (2'-C,6'-C),133.2 (3-C),156.2 (2-C),156.4 (9-C),159.9 (4'-C),164.2 (7-C),177.4 (4-C)。
风味成分2:β-谷甾醇,白色粉末(乙醇),熔点136~140℃。1H-NMR (CDCl3,400 MHz):δ = 0.68 (3 H,s,CH3-18),0.82 (3 H,d,J = 6.8 Hz,CH3-28),0.83 (3 H,d,J = 6.7 Hz,CH3-29),0.92 (3 H,d,J = 6.5 Hz,CH3-21),1.01 (3 H,s,CH3-19),3.53 (1 H,m,H-3),5.35 (1 H,d,J = 5.1 Hz,H-6);13C-NMR (CDCl3,100 MHz):δ = 12.1 (C-18),12.2 (C-29),19.0 (C-19),19.2 (C-21),19.6 (C-27),20.0 (C-26),21.3 (C-11),23.3 (C-28),24.5 (C-15),26.3 (C-23),28.5 (C-16),29.4 (C-25),31.9 (C-7),32.1 (C-2,C-8),34.2 (C-22),36.4 (C-20),36.7 (C-10),37.5 (C-1),40.0 (C-12),42.5 (C-4,C-13),46.0 (C-24),50.3 (C-9),56.3 (C-17),57.0 (C-14),72.0 (C-3),121.9 (C-6),141.0 (C-5);ESI-MS (Positive mode) m/z 415.4 [M+H]+,397.4 [M-OH]+。
风味成分3:半乳糖醇,无色针状结晶(乙醇),熔点98~100℃。1H-NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d6):δ = 3.37 (2 H,m,3-H,4-H),3.45 (2 H,m,2-H,5-H),3.53 (2 H,m,1-H,6-H),3.61 (2 H,m,1-H,6-H)。13C NMR (75 MHz,DMSO-d6):δ = 63.9 (1-C,6-C),69.7 (2-C,5-C),71.3 (3-C,4-C)。
风味成分4:豆甾醇,为无色片状结晶(甲醇),熔点145~151℃。TLC以石油醚-乙酸乙酯20:1展开Rf值为0.35,10%硫酸-乙醇显粉色,后逐渐变暗紫色。TOF EI质谱给出m+为414。200-400nm扫描无吸收峰。1H-NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:5.36(1H,d,J=5.1Hz,H-6),3.53(1H,m,H-3),1.01(3H,s,Me-19),0.92(3H,d,J=6.5Hz,Me-21),0.85(3H,t,J=7.2Hz,Me-29),0.83(3H,d,J=6.5Hz,Me-26),0.80(3H,d,J=6.5Hz,Me-27),0.67(3H,s,Me-18);13C-NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ:141.0(5-C),138.3(22- CH),129.2(23- CH),121.9(6-CH),71.8(3-CH),56.9(14-CH),56.1(17-CH),50.2(9-CH),45.9(24-CH),42.4(13-C),52.3(4-CH2),39.8(12- CH2),37.3(1- CH2),36.5(10-C),36.2(20-CH),32.0(8-CH),31.9(7- CH2),31.7(2-C),29.2(25-CH),28.3(16- CH2),25.4(15- CH2),23.1(28- CH2),21.1(11- CH2),19.8(26-CH3),19.4(19- CH3),19.0(27- CH3),18.8(21- CH3),12.1(18- CH3),12.0(29- CH3)。
上述风味成分使得海滨锦葵茎秆提取物制得的酒具有独特的风味,增加酒了的醇厚性,香气独特。
本发明具有以下优点:
(1) 本发明对海滨锦葵茎秆进行了深度开发,开拓了海滨锦葵新的应用领域;
(2) 海滨锦葵茎秆含有独特风味的有机化合物,经过与炮制酒的勾兑,制得的风味酒具有独特的风味,增加酒了的醇厚性,香气独特;
(3) 本发明的产品原料海滨锦葵来源丰富,价廉、制备工艺简单;
(4) 本发明可以带动盐碱地区经济的发展,为当地人民带来福利。
具体实施方式
结合以下具体实施例,对本发明作进一步的详细说明,本发明的保护内容不局限于以下实施例。在不背离发明构思的精神和范围下,本领域技术人员能够想到的变化和优点都被包括在本发明中,并且以所附的权利要求书为保护范围。
实施例1
将成熟并干燥的海滨锦葵茎杆(去除叶片和块根部分)切割成小段,称取1kg,加入5L 95%乙醇,回流状态提取3次,每次1小时,合并3次提取液,减压浓缩,得黄褐色浸膏14.78g。
实施例2
将成熟并干燥的海滨锦葵茎杆(去除叶片和块根部分)切割成小段,称取1kg,加入8L 95%乙醇,回流状态提取3次,每次1小时,合并3次提取液,减压浓缩,得黄褐色浸膏15.13g。
实施例 3
将成熟并干燥的海滨锦葵茎杆(去除叶片和块根部分)切割成小段,称取1kg,加入10L 95%乙醇,回流状态提取3次,每次1小时,合并3次提取液,减压浓缩,得黄褐色浸膏14.97g。
实施例4
取实施例1制得的提取物1g与500ml 60度纯粮白酒进行勾兑,制得本发明产品酒。
实施例5
取实施例1制得的提取物1g与1000ml 10度黄酒进行勾兑,制得本发明产品酒。
实施例6
取实施例5制得的酒1000g,向其中加入蜂蜜10g,制得本发明产品酒。
实施例7
取实施例6制得的酒1000g,向其中加入冰糖20g,制得本发明产品酒。
Claims (6)
1.一种海滨锦葵风味酒,其特征在于采用如下方法制备而成:
(1)将成熟的海滨锦葵茎杆清洗干燥后切割成小段,使用乙醇回流提取,将提取液浓缩得到黄褐色浸膏;
(2)将步骤(1)制得的海滨锦葵茎秆的提取浸膏与一种或以上的炮制酒和/或调味剂进行勾兑。
2.如权利要求1所述的风味酒,其特征在于所述步骤(1)海滨锦葵茎杆与乙醇的重量体积比为1:5-10。
3.如权利要求1所述的风味酒,其特征在于所述步骤(1)提取次数为1-5次,每次1-5小时。
4.如权利要求1所述的风味酒,其特征在于所述炮制酒为酒精度数为30-60度的纯粮白酒或酒精度数为10-20度的黄酒。
5. 如权利要求1所述的风味酒,其特征在于所述调味剂为蜂蜜、冰糖或食用香精。
6. 如权利要求1所述的风味酒,其特征在于所述步骤(2)海滨锦葵茎秆的提取浸膏与炮制酒的勾兑比例为1g提取物与0.3-1L炮制酒进行勾兑。
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