CN104194334A - 用于熔融层积技术的塑料耗材及其制备方法 - Google Patents

用于熔融层积技术的塑料耗材及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN104194334A
CN104194334A CN201410366006.0A CN201410366006A CN104194334A CN 104194334 A CN104194334 A CN 104194334A CN 201410366006 A CN201410366006 A CN 201410366006A CN 104194334 A CN104194334 A CN 104194334A
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饶先花
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Abstract

本发明公开了用于熔融层积技术的塑料耗材,包括塑料基体和增强材料,所述塑料基体为聚酰亚胺、聚醚酰亚胺、聚芳醚酮、聚芳砜、聚醚砜、联苯聚醚砜、聚苯硫醚、聚酯液晶或氟树脂,所述增强材料为碳纤维粉、玻纤粉或无机矿物材料,所述增强材料尺寸为0.05~0.2毫米,所述增强材料质量为塑料耗材的5%-30%,本发明的塑料耗材呈实心圆形、空心丝状结构、扁形带状结构或波浪形结构,其直径为1~5mm。本发明向塑料基体中加入增强材料之后可以降低材料在打印过程中的由于收率导致的产品变形,同时可以更进一步提高材料的强度和耐温等级,获得更高精度、更优良打印效果的打印产品。

Description

用于熔融层积技术的塑料耗材及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于三维增材制造技术领域,涉及三维增材制造原材料,特别涉及一种用于熔融层积技术的塑料耗材及其制备方法。
背景技术
增材制造技术又称为“3D打印技术”,是当前受到高度关注的新型制造技术,它与机器人技术、人工智能技术一起被称为推动第三次工业革命的关键技术。熔融沉积法是一种应用非常广泛的3D打印技术,它是将丝状的热熔性材料加热融化,同时三维喷头在计算机的控制下,根据截面轮廓信息,将材料选择性地涂敷在工作台上,快速冷却后形成一层截面;然后重复以上过程,继续熔喷沉积,直至形成整个实体造型。
目前,常使用的打印耗材是PLA或ABS这类工程塑料耗材,但是这类耗材打印所得制品的强度较低,实用性差,只用于制造模型或玩具。为拓展熔融层积技术的应用范围,需要开发新型打印耗材,使用该耗材打印得到的产品可以直接应用于工业领域,作为功能件来使用。
特种工程塑料主要用于高科技,军事和宇航、航空等工业,如聚酰亚胺PI、聚醚酰亚胺PEI、聚芳醚酮PAEK、聚芳砜PSF、聚醚砜PES、联苯聚醚砜PPSU,聚苯硫醚PPS、聚酯液晶LCP、氟树脂PFA等,这类塑料长期使用温度在150℃以上,具有耐高温、高强度、高模量等优点,可用于3D打印。
然而,特种工程塑料纯树脂在3D打印过程中也存在收缩率过大,强度仍然无法满足要求的缺点。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明的目的在于提供一种用于熔融层积技术的塑料耗材以及制备该塑料耗材的方法。
为达到上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:
用于熔融层积技术的塑料耗材,包括塑料基体和增强材料,所述塑料基体为聚酰亚胺、聚醚酰亚胺、聚芳醚酮、聚芳砜、聚醚砜、联苯聚醚砜、聚苯硫醚、聚酯液晶或氟树脂中的任意一种或多种,所述增强材料为碳纤维粉、玻纤粉、钛白粉、二氧化硅、氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁或滑石粉,所述增强材料尺寸为0.05~0.2毫米,所述增强材料质量为塑料耗材的5%-30%。
作为本发明用于熔融层积技术塑料耗材的优选,所述塑料耗材呈实心圆形、空心丝状结构、扁形带状结构或波浪形结构,其直径为1~5mm。
作为本发明用于熔融层积技术塑料耗材的优选,所述塑料耗材由塑料基体和增强材料共混挤出成型制得。
作为本发明用于熔融层积技术塑料耗材的另一种优选,还包括偶联剂,所述偶联剂为硅烷偶联剂、钛酸酯偶联剂、铬络合物偶联剂或锆偶联剂,所述增强材料经偶联剂改性后与增强材料共混挤出成型。
作为本发明用于熔融层积技术塑料耗材的进一步优选,所述偶联剂质量为增强材料的0.5~5%。
本发明制备用于熔融层积技术的塑料耗材的方法,首先按配比选取塑料基体和增强材料,然后混合所选原材料并用双螺杆或单螺杆挤出机熔融挤出成型得产品。
作为本发明制备用于熔融层积技术塑料耗材方法的优选,混合增强材料和塑料基体前还包括采用硅烷偶联剂、钛酸酯偶联剂、铬络合物偶联剂或锆偶联剂对增强材料改性的步骤。
本发明的有益效果在于:
1、本发明向塑料基体中加入适量的增强材料,加入增强材料之后可以降低材料在打印过程中的由于收率导致的产品变形,同时可以更进一步提高材料的强度和耐温等级,获得更高精度、更优良打印效果的打印产品。
2、本发明用硅烷偶联剂、钛酸酯偶联剂、铬络合物偶联剂或锆偶联剂对增强材料改性,改性后的增强材料可以快速均匀的分散在熔融的塑料流体中;另外,本发明改性剂与基体塑料亲和性强,可以与基体塑料通过类似于互穿聚合物网络交联机理紧密结合;最后,本发明所添加的改性剂可以起到润滑、增强增韧、阻燃以及提高加工性能的作用。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的优选实施例进行详细的描述。
以下实施例将公开一种用于熔融层积技术的塑料耗材,包括塑料基体和增强材料,所述塑料基体为聚酰亚胺、聚醚酰亚胺、聚芳醚酮、聚芳砜、聚醚砜、联苯聚醚砜、聚苯硫醚、聚酯液晶或氟树脂,所述增强材料为碳纤维粉、玻纤粉、钛白粉、二氧化硅、氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁或滑石粉,所述增强材料尺寸为0.05~0.2毫米,所述增强材料质量为塑料耗材的5%-30%。
其中:所述塑料耗材呈实心圆形、空心丝状结构、扁形带状结构或波浪形结构,其直径为1~5mm;
所述塑料耗材由塑料基体和增强材料共混挤出成型制得;
作为以下实施例的优选,还包括偶联剂,所述偶联剂为硅烷偶联剂、钛酸酯偶联剂、铬络合物偶联剂或锆偶联剂,所述增强材料经偶联剂改性后与增强材料共混挤出成型,其中,偶联剂质量为增强材料的0.5~5%。
实施例1:
本实施例制备用于熔融层积技术的塑料耗材的方法,包括以下步骤:
1)选取9份塑料基体材料和1份增强材料;其中塑料基体为粒径为1mm的热塑性聚酰亚胺粉体,增强材料是粒径为0.08-0.12mm的碳纤维粉;
2)取0.01份硅烷偶联剂与步骤1)的增强材料混合加热,得到改性的增强材料;
3)混合步骤1)的塑料基体材料与步骤2)改性的增强材料,并加入单螺杆挤出机挤出成型;
挤出工艺过程如下:
首先混合所选原材料并加入适量的添加剂,然后将原料在150℃下烘烤干燥3小时;接着在单螺杆挤出机中熔融后通过模头挤出,最后利用水冷或风冷冷却。
本实施例通过调整模头、温度和牵引速率,最终得到直径为1.6-1.8mm的实心圆形塑料耗材。
实施例2:
本实施例制备用于熔融层积技术的塑料耗材的方法,包括以下步骤:
1)选取8份塑料基体材料和2份增强材料;其中塑料基体为粒径为5mm的聚芳醚酮粉体,增强材料是粒径为0.1-0.18mm的玻璃纤维;
2)取0.05份钛酸酯偶联剂与步骤1)的增强材料混合加入乙醇溶液中,采用高能量超声波(20kHz,4000W)处理2h,混合后过滤掉乙醇,洗涤3-5次,再干燥得打改性的增强材料;
3)混合步骤1)的塑料基体材料与步骤2)改性的增强材料,并加入双螺杆挤出机挤出成型。挤出工艺过程如实施例1,不同的是在挤出模头变为空心模头。
本实施例所制得的塑料耗材呈空心丝状结构,其直径为3mm。
需要说明的是,上优选实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制,当塑料基体为聚酰亚胺、聚醚酰亚胺、聚芳醚酮、聚芳砜、聚醚砜、联苯聚醚砜、聚苯硫醚、聚酯液晶或氟树脂,增强材料为碳纤维粉、玻纤粉、钛白粉、二氧化硅、氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁或滑石粉,增强材料尺寸为0.05~0.2毫米,增强材料质量为塑料耗材的5%-30%;所采用的还可以是铬络合物偶联剂或锆偶联剂,偶联剂质量为增强材料的0.5~5%时,均能够获得具有优异性能的适用于熔融层积技术的塑料耗材。本发明所制得的塑料耗材的形状还可以是扁形带状结构或波浪形结构,其直径可以是1~5mm的任意值。
最后说明的是,以上优选实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制,尽管通过上述优选实施例已经对本发明进行了详细的描述,但本领域技术人员应当理解,可以在形式上和细节上对其作出各种各样的改变,而不偏离本发明权利要求书所限定的范围。

Claims (7)

1.用于熔融层积技术的塑料耗材,其特征在于:包括塑料基体和增强材料,所述塑料基体为聚酰亚胺、聚醚酰亚胺、聚芳醚酮、聚芳砜、聚醚砜、联苯聚醚砜、聚苯硫醚、聚酯液晶或氟树脂中的任意一种或多种,所述增强材料为碳纤维粉、玻纤粉、钛白粉、二氧化硅、氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁或滑石粉,所述增强材料尺寸为0.05~0.2毫米,所述增强材料质量为塑料耗材的5%-30%。
2.根据权利要求1所述用于熔融层积技术的塑料耗材,其特征在于:所述塑料耗材呈实心圆形、空心丝状结构、扁形带状结构或波浪形结构,其直径为1~5mm。
3.根据权利要求1所述用于熔融层积技术的塑料耗材,其特征在于:所述塑料耗材由塑料基体和增强材料共混挤出成型制得。
4.根据权利要求1所述用于熔融层积技术的塑料耗材,其特征在于:还包括偶联剂,所述偶联剂为硅烷偶联剂、钛酸酯偶联剂、铬络合物偶联剂或锆偶联剂,所述增强材料经偶联剂改性后与增强材料共混挤出成型。
5.根据权利要求4所述用于熔融层积技术的塑料耗材,其特征在于:所述偶联剂质量为增强材料的0.5~5%。
6.制备权利要求1-5任意一项所述用于熔融层积技术的塑料耗材的方法,其特征在于:首先按配比选取塑料基体和增强材料,然后混合所选原材料并用双螺杆或单螺杆挤出机熔融挤出成型得产品。
7.根据权利要求6所述制备用于熔融层积技术的塑料耗材的方法,其特征在于:混合增强材料和塑料基体前还包括采用硅烷偶联剂、钛酸酯偶联剂、铬络合物偶联剂或锆偶联剂对增强材料改性的步骤。
CN201410366006.0A 2014-07-29 2014-07-29 用于熔融层积技术的塑料耗材及其制备方法 Pending CN104194334A (zh)

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CN105733180A (zh) * 2014-12-10 2016-07-06 黑龙江鑫达企业集团有限公司 一种利用特制偶联剂处理SiO2增强PEEK的制备
CN104448641A (zh) * 2014-12-12 2015-03-25 广东银禧科技股份有限公司 一种用于熔融沉积成型的聚乙烯醇丝材及其加工方法
CN104672757A (zh) * 2015-03-02 2015-06-03 苏州容坤半导体科技有限公司 一种轴向热收缩率小于0.5%的3d打印线材、制备工艺方法及制造装置
CN104672757B (zh) * 2015-03-02 2018-02-16 苏州容坤半导体科技有限公司 一种轴向热收缩率小于0.5%的3d打印线材、制备工艺方法及制造装置
CN105504815A (zh) * 2015-12-30 2016-04-20 成都新柯力化工科技有限公司 一种3d打印用聚砜柔性粉体及其制备方法
CN110408202A (zh) * 2018-04-27 2019-11-05 中国科学院化学研究所 一种用于熔融沉积成形的热固性组合物及其制备得到的制品和制法
RU2686329C1 (ru) * 2018-09-18 2019-04-25 Российская Федерация, от имени которой выступает ФОНД ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ Композиционный материал на основе полифениленсульфона

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