CN104193945B - 一种耐湿热水性聚氨酯树脂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种水性聚氨酯树脂及其制备方法,该树脂主要由聚己内酯二元醇、二异氰酸酯、辛酸亚锡、二羟甲基丙酸、三羟甲基丙烷、1,6‑己二醇、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、二甲基氨基乙醇、异佛尔酮二胺为原料制备而成。其制备方法主要包括预聚反应、扩链反应、降温乳化、蒸馏等步骤。本发明将特定分子量的聚己内酯二元醇,与二异氰酸酯反应,经过扩链剂加成和聚合反应,制得具有耐湿热性良好的聚氨酯树脂。与现有技术相比,本发明所述聚氨酯树脂,耐湿热性能更好,成膜性优。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于化工技术领域,具体涉及一种耐湿热水性聚氨酯树脂及其制备方法。
背景技术
聚氨酯(PU)是指主链上含有大量氨基甲酸酯基团(-NHCOO-)的高聚物聚氨基甲酸酯(Polyurethane)的简称。因其表现出优异的物化性能,已被广泛应用于人造革、真皮等行业,是一种多功能聚合物材料,成为社会经济发展中不可缺少的一类高分子材料。
聚氨酯树脂主要分为油性聚氨酯树脂和水性聚氨酯树脂。油性聚氨酯树脂是将高聚物聚氨基甲酸酯溶于二甲基酰胺(DMF),甲苯等有机溶剂而得到。水性聚氨酯树脂是将高聚物聚氨基甲酸酯分散于水中而制的。在目前的制革企业中,90%以上还是使用油性聚氨酯树脂,只有不到10%的企业在使用水性聚氨酯树脂。
油性聚氨酯树脂含有大量的二甲基酰胺(DMF),甲苯等有机溶剂,在制造过程中对周围环境和现场操作人员的身体健康造成很大伤害。由于化学溶剂大多数易燃易爆,容易引起火灾,因此油性树脂成为制革行业“三高”的头号威胁。另外,油性聚氨酯树脂制作的产品,在不添加阻燃剂的情况下,也不具有阻燃的性能。
现行的水性聚氨酯树脂的制备方法是将低聚物多元醇和二异氰酸酯在一定的温度下反应制得聚氨酯预聚体,然后加入小分子扩链剂进行扩链反应,再加入亲水性扩链剂使预聚体变成亲水性预聚体,用成盐试剂进行中和反应,使聚氨酯预聚体具有离子型,然后加水分散乳化,再加入小分子扩链剂进行水中后扩链反应,制得水性聚氨酯分散液。
现有的配方工艺生产的产品有的环保性能不好、有的拉伸强度不够高,尤其在热带和亚热带气候条件下,湿度和温度都较高,一种耐湿热的水性树脂就成了人们迫切的要求。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种水性聚氨酯树脂及其制备方法。
本发明所述水性聚氨酯树脂主要由以下重量份数的原料制备而成:
聚己内酯二元醇120-160份,二异氰酸酯70-100份,辛酸亚锡0.02-0.05份,二羟甲基丙酸10-20份,三羟甲基丙烷0.5-1.0份,1,6-己二醇2.0-4.0份,甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯 2-3份,二甲基氨基乙醇5-10份,异佛尔酮二胺2-5份。
所述聚己内酯二元醇的数均分子量为1000-2000。
所述二异氰酸酯的数均分子量为168-264。
上述二异氰酸酯可以是1,6-己二异氰酸酯、甲苯二异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯等;其中优选二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯。
本发明所述水性聚氨酯树脂的制备方法主要包括以下步骤:
(1)预聚反应:将聚己内酯二元醇,二异氰酸酯混合,在80-90℃反应2-3小时,合成端基带有异氰酸官能团的预聚体;
(2)扩链反应:降温至60-70℃后再加入催化剂辛酸亚锡,亲水扩链剂二羟甲基丙酸,扩链剂三羟甲基丙烷,1,6-己二醇,在70-80℃下保温2-3小时,丙酮调节粘度,然后加入甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯,70-80℃保温1小时;
(3)降温乳化:降温至60-70℃后出料,然后加入二甲基氨基乙醇,异佛尔酮二胺以及水进行乳化;通过减压蒸馏,除去溶剂,即得所述树脂。
本发明将特定分子量的聚己内酯二元醇,与二异氰酸酯反应,经过扩链剂加成和聚合反应,制得具有耐湿热性良好的聚氨酯树脂。与现有技术相比,本发明所述聚氨酯树脂,耐湿热性能更好,成膜性优。
具体实施方式
实施例一
本实施例用于说明本发明提供的水性聚氨酯树脂的制备方法。
1.预聚反应:将120重量份均分子量为1000的聚己内酯二元醇,70重量份二异氰酸酯混合,在80℃反应2小时,合成端基带有异氰酸官能团的预聚体。
2.扩链反应:降温至60℃后再加入催化剂0.02重量份辛酸亚锡,10重量份的亲水扩链剂二羟甲基丙酸,0.5重量份的三羟甲基丙烷,2.0重量份的1,6-己二醇,在70℃下保温2小时,丙酮调节粘度,然后加入2重量份甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯,70℃保温1小时。
3.降温乳化:降温至60℃后出料,然后加入5重量份的二甲基氨基乙醇,2重量份的异佛尔酮二胺以及水进行乳化。
4.蒸馏过程:通过减压蒸馏,除去溶剂,便制得本发明的聚氨酯树脂。
实施例二
本实施例用于说明本发明提供的水性聚氨酯树脂的制备方法。
1.预聚反应:将160重量份均分子量为2000的聚己内酯二元醇,100重量份二异氰酸酯混合,在90℃反应3小时,合成端基带有异氰酸官能团的预聚体。
2.扩链反应:降温至70℃后再加入催化剂0.05重量份辛酸亚锡,20重量份的亲水扩链剂二羟甲基丙酸,1.0重量份的三羟甲基丙烷,4.0重量份的1,6-己二醇,在80℃下保温3小时,丙酮调节粘度,然后加入3重量份甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯,80℃保温1小时。
3.降温乳化:降温至70℃后出料,然后加入10重量份的二甲基氨基乙醇,5重量份的异佛尔酮二胺以及水进行乳化。
4.蒸馏过程:通过减压蒸馏,除去溶剂,便制得本发明的聚氨酯树脂。
实施例三
本实施例用于说明本发明提供的水性聚氨酯树脂的制备方法。
1.预聚反应:将140重量份均分子量为1500的聚己内酯二元醇,85重量份二异氰酸酯混合,在85℃反应2.5小时,合成端基带有异氰酸官能团的预聚体。
2.扩链反应:降温至65℃后再加入催化剂0.04重量份辛酸亚锡,15重量份的亲水扩链剂二羟甲基丙酸,0.75重量份的三羟甲基丙烷, 3.0重量份的1,6-己二醇,在75℃下保温2.5小时,丙酮调节粘度,然后加入2.5重量份甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯,75℃保温1小时。。
3.降温乳化:降温至65℃后出料,然后加入7.5重量份的二甲基氨基乙醇,3.5重量份的异佛尔酮二胺以及水进行乳化。
4.蒸馏过程:通过减压蒸馏,除去溶剂,便制得本发明的聚氨酯树脂。
Claims (6)
1.一种水性聚氨酯树脂,其特征在于,主要由以下重量份数的原料制备而成:聚己内酯二元醇120-160份,二异氰酸酯70-100份,辛酸亚锡0.02-0.05份,二羟甲基丙酸10-20份,三羟甲基丙烷0.5-1.0份,1,6-己二醇2.0-4.0份,甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯2-3份,二甲基氨基乙醇5-10份,异佛尔酮二胺2-5份;
所述二异氰酸酯的数均分子量为168-264。
2.如权利要求1所述树脂,其特征在于,所述聚己内酯二元醇的数均分子量为1000-2000。
3.如权利要求1所述树脂,其特征在于,所述二异氰酸酯包括1,6-己二异氰酸酯、甲苯二异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯。
4.如权利要求3所述树脂,其特征在于,所述二异氰酸酯为二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯。
5.如权利要求1所述树脂,其特征在于,其制备方法主要包括以下步骤:
(1)预聚反应:将聚己内酯二元醇,二异氰酸酯混合,在80-90℃反应2-3小时,合成端基带有异氰酸官能团的预聚体;
(2)扩链反应:降温至60-70℃后再加入催化剂辛酸亚锡,亲水扩链剂二羟甲基丙酸,扩链剂三羟甲基丙烷,1,6-己二醇,在70-80℃下保温2-3小时,丙酮调节粘度,然后加入甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯,70-80℃保温1小时;
(3)降温乳化:降温至60-70℃后出料,然后加入二甲基氨基乙醇,异佛尔酮二胺以及水进行乳化;通过减压蒸馏,除去溶剂,即得所述树脂。
6.如权利要求1-4任一项所述树脂的制备方法,其特征在于,主要包括以下步骤:
(1)预聚反应:将聚己内酯二元醇,二异氰酸酯混合,在80-90℃反应2-3小时,合成端基带有异氰酸官能团的预聚体;
(2)扩链反应:降温至60-70℃后再加入催化剂辛酸亚锡,亲水扩链剂二羟甲基丙酸,扩链剂三羟甲基丙烷,1,6-己二醇,在70-80℃下保温2-3小时,丙酮调节粘度,然后加入甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯,70-80℃保温1小时;
(3)降温乳化:降温至60-70℃后出料,然后加入二甲基氨基乙醇,异佛尔酮二胺以及水进行乳化;通过减压蒸馏,除去溶剂,即得所述树脂。
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