CN104186390B - Sea cucumber breeding method - Google Patents
Sea cucumber breeding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104186390B CN104186390B CN201410444003.4A CN201410444003A CN104186390B CN 104186390 B CN104186390 B CN 104186390B CN 201410444003 A CN201410444003 A CN 201410444003A CN 104186390 B CN104186390 B CN 104186390B
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- mesh cage
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- aquiculture mesh
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- sea cucumber
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
The invention discloses a simple stereoscopic sea cucumber hanging breeding facility and a breeding method which are suitable for shallow sea breeding areas or deep ponds. The breeding facility comprises a plank floating bridge, foam floats, a breeding mesh cage, a lining net, a spare mesh cage and dropping stones. The breeding mesh cage is hung on the floating bridge through hooks. The lining net is fixed into the breeding mesh cage in an inclined mode and faces sunlight. The spare mesh cage is placed on the floating bridge to be exposed in the sunlight for standby use. The dropping stones are hung at the four corners of the breeding mesh cage. According to the stereoscopic sea cucumber hanging breeding facility and the breeding method, water-layer particulate organic matters and water-layer sediment intercepted by the breeding mesh cage are fully used for providing natural high-quality bait for sea cucumbers, good environment is provided for the sea cucumbers, other living bodies such as prawns can be bred in a mixed mode at the same time, and therefore a stereoscopic ecological breeding mode is realized.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of aquaculture, be specifically related to a kind of three-dimensional stichopus japonicus hanging culture facility and cultural method.
Background technology
Along with developing rapidly of north stichopus japonicus aquaculture, apostichopus japonicus culture has become the largest industrial sector of northern China mariculture.But the stichopus japonicus mudflat aquaculture scale adopted at present is tending towards saturated because taking a large amount of land resources, and beach pond culture efficiency is lower, and survival rate of Apostichopus japonicus is not high, be affected by the external environment large.And stichopus japonicus requires higher to bottom environment, in especially summer, easy anoxic at the bottom of pond, the harmful substances such as the hydrogen sulphide that bottom produces cause the mortality of sea cucumber.Therefore, be necessary to provide a kind of culture efficiency better apostichopus japonicus culture mode.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of three-dimensional stichopus japonicus hanging culture facility and cultural method, i.e. a kind of facilities for culturing trepang and cultural method being suitable for bay and deep water pond.Hanging culture facility of the present invention can make full use of Water space and water layer particulate organic matter, for stichopus japonicus provides good growing environment, thus makes up the deficiencies in the prior art.
First the present invention provides a kind of three-dimensional stichopus japonicus hanging culture facility, includes plank pontoon bridge and is arranged on the hook on plank pontoon bridge; Hook is fixed with aquiculture mesh cage, also oblique in aquiculture mesh cage liner net is installed.
Described liner net and the bottom angle of aquiculture mesh cage are 50 ~ 70;
The bottom of above-mentioned plank pontoon bridge is provided with floater of foam;
The bottom of aquiculture mesh cage is fixed with dropstone;
Above-mentioned hanging culture facility also includes aquiculture mesh cage for subsequent use.
The present invention also provides the method using above-mentioned hanging culture facility to carry out culturing stichopus japonicus on the other hand, comprises following step:
1) before input sea cucumbers, hanging culture facility is set, aquiculture mesh cage is soaked 1 ~ 2 month in the seawater, make aquiculture mesh cage adhere to upper organic granular and plankton;
2) in aquiculture mesh cage, points two seasons threw in sea cucumbers, the time in spring at the beginning of by the end of March to 4 month, the time in autumn be October to November, and in liner net, throw in prawn in June, carry out raising together with of sea cucumber and prawn; In breeding process, before putting shrimp and putting in a suitable place to breed or after receiving shrimp, carry out down net operation;
Throw in sea cucumber bait during cultivation, described sea cucumber bait include 40% Kelp Powder, 5% ooze, 15% flour, 12% dregs of beans, 15% fish mix powder, 0.5% B B-complex, 0.5% mineral salt, 5% shrimp shell meal, 6% oyster shell powder, 1% immunopotentiator;
Wherein immunopotentiator is that after alcohol lixiviate, microwave treatment carries out distilling the active substance obtained again by after the ratio mixing of the Radix Astragali and rheum officinale 3:1 in mass ratio;
The method of falling net operation is as follows: packed up one by one from the hook of aquiculture mesh cage side for subsequent use by aquiculture mesh cage, aquiculture mesh cage for subsequent use is put down and is fixed on hook, pour into after sea cucumber in aquiculture mesh cage is mentioned in aquiculture mesh cage for subsequent use, aquiculture mesh cage is packed up, being laid in the sun on plank pontoon bridge to tan by the sun, drying rear folding for subsequent use as netting next time.
The present invention's beneficial effect compared with prior art:
1. make full use of deposition and the suction-operated of the organic granular materials such as water layer phytoplankton, chip, bacterium, mesh sheet forming stable biomembrane for stichopus japonicus provides high-quality natural food source, be conducive to stichopus japonicus growth, liner net traction-increasing surface amasss, increase illumination, improve the primary productivity of mesh sheet attachment.
2. pair cover cat net design, the sun tans by the sun disinfection, without the need to clearing up net cage, greatly reduces labor intensity, and fall network process to sea cucumber fanout free region, the disturbance of the appropriateness of falling network process improves growth and the quality of stichopus japonicus on the contrary.
3. make full use of breeding spaces and culturing time, form the aquaculture model of comprehensive one, as summer supports shrimp, prawn metabolic activity has rich water effect, enriches Stichopus japonicus Selenka bait source, simultaneously increase yield and income.
4. stichopus japonicus is carried out neritic area or deep water pond cultivated the end of far from, avoid severe bottom environment to work the mischief to stichopus japonicus, improve survival rate of Apostichopus japonicus.
5. breeding facility simplicity of design, the whole network structure, cheap, without the need to metallic support, labour intensity is low, and two people coordinate, and 3-5min can complete the work of falling net and receive ginseng work, cultivates Height Adjustable, conveniently checks, without the need to diving operation and preparation of ponds.
Accompanying drawing illustrates:
Fig. 1: three-dimensional stichopus japonicus hanging culture facility of the present invention,
Wherein: 1, plank pontoon bridge; 2, link up with; 3, aquiculture mesh cage; 4, prawn; 5, aquiculture mesh cage for subsequent use; 6, floater of foam; 7, sea cucumber; 8, liner net; 9, dropstone
Embodiment:
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.
As shown in Figure 1, three-dimensional stichopus japonicus hanging culture facility of the present invention comprises plank pontoon bridge 1, aquiculture mesh cage 3, breeding cage 5 for subsequent use, liner net 8, aquiculture mesh cage 6 and dropstone 9.Wherein aquiculture mesh cage 3, aquiculture mesh cage for subsequent use 5 are all the mesh of 0.4cm by specification, and liner net 8 specification is 0.4 ~ 0.8cm.Tetragonal aquiculture mesh cage 3 hangs on plank pontoon bridge 1 limit by hook 2, bottom hung dropstone 9, plank pontoon bridge 1 swims in the water surface by floater of foam 6, passes through for personnel, liner net 8 is connected with aquiculture mesh cage 3 by hook 2, is put in a suitable place to breed by sea cucumber with breeding facility inner.This facility cultivation object Ke Yin ground, because of time adjustment, the inner different geographical of liner net 8 and different time can put the different collocation such as prawn, abalone, fish or algae in a suitable place to breed, realize stereo synthesis cultivation.
More specifically, on the oblique sidewall being fixed on aquiculture mesh cage 3 of liner net 8, connect with hook 2, be easy to dismounting and change, liner net 8 aperture is 0.4 ~ 0.8cm, liner net 8 leaves 1 ~ 2m space with the spacer screen contact surface of aquiculture mesh cage 3, and pass through for sea cucumber, remainder contacts completely with aquiculture mesh cage 3, creep on liner net 8 for sea cucumber, liner net 8 is 50 ° ~ 70 ° with the spacer screen angle of inclination of aquiculture mesh cage 3, and on the sunny side, liner net 8 is the Intranet closed on inclined-plane.Dropstone 9 is suspended in bottom aquiculture mesh cage 3; Described aquiculture mesh cage for subsequent use 5 is folded and placed to limit, plank pontoon bridge 1 passageway; Hook 2 hangs on aquiculture mesh cage 3 by nylon rope, nylon rope adjustable length; Aquiculture mesh cage 3 and aquiculture mesh cage for subsequent use 5 can be that the etting of the 0.5cm of tetragonal body structure is formed, and the long 5m of cage body, wide 5m, high 2 ~ 3m, cage height is adjustable.
The present invention also provides the method using above-mentioned hanging culture facility to carry out culturing stichopus japonicus on the other hand, comprises following step:
1) before input sea cucumbers, hanging culture facility is set, aquiculture mesh cage 3 is soaked in the seawater 1-2 month, make aquiculture mesh cage 3 adhere to upper organic granular and plankton;
2) in aquiculture mesh cage 3, points two seasons threw in sea cucumbers, the time in spring at the beginning of by the end of March to 4 month, the time in autumn be October to November, and in liner net 8, throw in prawn in June, carry out the mixed breed of sea cucumber and prawn; In breeding process, before putting shrimp and putting in a suitable place to breed or after receiving shrimp, carry out down net operation; The method of falling net operation is as follows: packed up one by one from the hook 2 of aquiculture mesh cage 5 side for subsequent use by aquiculture mesh cage 3, aquiculture mesh cage 5 for subsequent use is put down and is fixed on hook 2, pour into after sea cucumber in aquiculture mesh cage 3 is mentioned in aquiculture mesh cage 5 for subsequent use, aquiculture mesh cage 3 is packed up, being laid in the sun on plank pontoon bridge 1 to tan by the sun, drying rear folding for subsequent use as netting next time.
In order to obtain better culture efficiency, the present invention also provides a kind of bait being applicable to bay and deep water pool holothurian culture, this bait includes 40% Kelp Powder, 5% ooze, 15% flour, 12% dregs of beans, 15% fish mix powder, 0.5% B B-complex, 0.5% mineral salt, 5% shrimp shell meal, 6% oyster shell powder, 1% immunopotentiator
Wherein fish mix that powder is that fish is mixed, the first-class discarded object of fish through make dry, extrude, deoil after the powder made, also can substitute with fish meal conventional in aquatic feeds field;
Mineral salt are commercially available copper, iron, zinc, manganese, selenium and other trace elements composition, the trace element of the aquatic feeds that arbitrary money can be adopted commercially available;
The preparation method of shrimp shell meal grinds after being dried by the materials such as discarded shrimp head, shrimp shell to make powder.
Wherein immunopotentiator is by after the ratio mixing of the Radix Astragali and rheum officinale 3:1 in mass ratio, after alcohol lixiviate, and Microwave Extraction, then carry out distilling the active substance obtained; Concrete preparation method is as follows: the Radix Astragali, rheum officinale are mixed according to mass ratio 3:1 after pulverizing, with 40%-50% alcohol solution dipping microwave treatment 4min, power 500W, 1h is extracted with 50% alcohol reflux, decompress filter extracts filtrate, by filtrate after 80 DEG C of water bath methods, put into baking oven 60 DEG C of dryings, obtain extract of active substances.
The component of above-mentioned bait is the aquaculture model particular formulation for the present invention double-deck cat net, and the material in above-mentioned component is after being ingested by sea cucumber, and chip etc. are easy to hang on the nettle of aquiculture mesh cage, can form biomembrane faster.Existing artificial apostichopus japonicus Selenka feed is splashed in breeding facility, but bait not easily sticks on the net, very easily sinks, causes waste.And in bait of the present invention, add flour, and reduce the proportioning of ooze, thus namely can improve bait adhesiveness, can subsidence velocity be reduced again.After culture efficiency shows that bait that the present invention uses adds flour, online bait adhesive rate rises to 60% by 30%, and unit are is adhered to aquatic particle amount of dry matter on the net and improved more than 1 times, and bait attachment improves facility and retains efficiency to water body detrital grain.
Inventor attempts directly adding the Radix Astragali and rheum officinale Chinese herbal medicine as immunopotentiator, but find in breeding process, although Chinese herbal medicine effectively can improve the immunity of stichopus japonicus, after stichopus japonicus ingests, can cause stichopus japonicus that excessive stress reaction occurs, affect the grazing rate of stichopus japonicus on the contrary.And after the Radix Astragali and large ecliptic longitude microwave technology are coordinated ethyl alcohol purification, lixiviate product has stronger immunity, and can not affect grazing rate.Experiment proves, cultivated animals is ingested the Immune-enhancing effect preparation added in the present invention, not add immune formulation for contrast, superoxide dismutase in stichopus japonicus body, lysozyme and alkaline phosphatase activities comparatively contrast and improve 40%, 80% and 30% respectively, prawn superoxide dismutase, lysozyme and alkaline phosphatase activities comparatively contrast and improve 30%, 70% and 20% respectively.
Embodiment 1
2 days ~ 2013 April in 2013, on November 2, utilized this facility to carry out culture experiment on red island.Experiment sea area depth of water 3.0m, cultured area is about 10 mu, breeding facility spacing 40cm, experiment stichopus japonicus body weight 10.1 ± 2.6g, each facility throws 20 kilograms of sea cucumbers, and experimental session average temperature range is 9.2 ~ 28.6 DEG C, salinity 29 ~ 31.6, pH is 8.1 ~ 8.3, Dissolved Oxygen in Water average out to 6.8mg/L.Result of study shows, the stichopus japonicus skin depth of this facility cultivation, active good, on the wall being attached to breeding cage and liner net or in the fold of net more, this facility survival rate of Apostichopus japonicus 92%, average weight 127.8g, same depth bottom sowing culture survival rate of Apostichopus japonicus only 55%, average weight 104.2g, this facility cultivation stichopus japonicus output apparently higher than bottom sowing culture, visible a large amount of stichopus japonicus ight soil bottom facility, regular shape, even thickness, illustrates that stichopus japonicus effectively can utilize online attaching particles material.This facility can the water layer organic granular material in effectively catching sea area, unit are can adhere to organic particulate matter 2.5 ~ 3.5g dry weight every day, main component is dwell bait, the end of attachment micro-algae, organic debris etc., after bait throwing in, this facility unit are every day can be adhered to organic particulate matter and reached 5.0 ~ 7.6g dry weight, particle organic matter, carbon, nitrogen content can reach 16.6%, 3.5% and 0.38%, there is high nutritive value.Ingest add immune formulation bait after, superoxide dismutase in stichopus japonicus body, lysozyme and alkaline phosphatase activities comparatively contrast and improve 40%, 100% and 30% respectively.On June 1st, 2013 puts shrimp seedling, specification is that 2 ~ 4cm body is long, and every facility puts prawn 100 ~ 200 in a suitable place to breed, and on September 2nd, 2013 gathers in the crops prawn, the long 20cm of not bait throwing in group prawn average body, survival rate is 54%, bait throwing in group prawn survival rate to more than 77%, the long 23cm of average body, ingest this immunopotentiator prawn body in superoxide dismutase, lysozyme and alkaline phosphatase activities comparatively contrast and improve 30%, 70% and 20% respectively, and the residual bait of prawn can be suspended in mesh sheet.
Cylinder mould facility of the present invention can retain water body particulate matter very well, bait of the present invention can effectively stick on the net, immunity additive special in bait can improve stichopus japonicus immunocompetence, improve stichopus japonicus growth and survive, easily fall net operation, without the need to clearing up net cage, the design of liner net makes full use of space.This breeding facility can because of time, make full use of water layer space because of ground, realize the integrated culture of three-dimensional, ecology.
Claims (5)
1. a method for culturing stichopus japonicus, utilizes three-dimensional stichopus japonicus hanging culture facility to carry out, and wherein hanging culture facility includes plank pontoon bridge (1) and is arranged on the hook (2) on plank pontoon bridge (1); Hook (2) is fixed with aquiculture mesh cage (3), and also oblique in aquiculture mesh cage (3) liner net (8) is installed; Described hanging culture facility also includes aquiculture mesh cage for subsequent use (5); It is characterized in that, described method comprises following step:
Before input sea cucumbers, hanging culture facility is set, aquiculture mesh cage (3) is soaked 1 ~ 2 month in the seawater, makes organic granular and plankton in aquiculture mesh cage (3) attachment;
In aquiculture mesh cage (3), points two seasons threw in sea cucumbers, the time in spring at the beginning of by the end of March to 4 month, the time in autumn be October to November, and in liner net 8, throw in prawn in June, carry out raising together with of sea cucumber and prawn; In breeding process, before putting shrimp and putting in a suitable place to breed or after receiving shrimp, carry out down net operation; To gather sea cucumber after cultivation terminates;
During cultivating, throw in sea cucumber bait, described sea cucumber bait include 40% Kelp Powder, 5% ooze, 15% flour, 12% dregs of beans, 15% fish mix powder, 0.5% B B-complex, 0.5% mineral salt, 5% shrimp shell meal, 6% oyster shell powder, 1% immunopotentiator; Described immunopotentiator is that after alcohol lixiviate, microwave treatment carries out distilling the active substance obtained again by after the ratio mixing of the Radix Astragali and rheum officinale 3:1 in mass ratio.
2. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, described liner net (8) is 50 ~ 70 degree with the bottom angle of aquiculture mesh cage (3).
3. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, the bottom of described plank pontoon bridge (1) is provided with floater of foam (6).
4. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, the bottom of described aquiculture mesh cage (3) is fixed with dropstone (9).
5. the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that, the described method of falling net operation is as follows: packed up one by one from the hook (2) of aquiculture mesh cage for subsequent use (5) side by aquiculture mesh cage (3), aquiculture mesh cage for subsequent use (5) is put down and is fixed on hook (2), pour into after sea cucumber in aquiculture mesh cage (3) is mentioned in aquiculture mesh cage for subsequent use (5), aquiculture mesh cage (3) is packed up, being laid in the upper sun of plank pontoon bridge (1) to tan by the sun, drying rear folding for subsequent use as netting next time.
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| CN104186390B true CN104186390B (en) | 2015-04-15 |
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Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104782536B (en) * | 2015-03-19 | 2018-04-20 | 山东省海洋生物研究院 | A kind of pompano stereoscopic cultivation method |
| CN104719201B (en) * | 2015-03-19 | 2018-08-28 | 山东省海洋生物研究院 | A kind of imitative apostichopus japonicus culture method of multilayer slot type |
| CN104904635B (en) * | 2015-06-04 | 2017-10-27 | 山东省海洋生物研究院 | A kind of imitative stichopus japonicus prawn cyclic culture method |
| CN109287542B (en) * | 2018-10-18 | 2021-02-09 | 张功文 | Aquaculture fry temporary rearing folding net frame |
| CN112273295B (en) * | 2020-09-24 | 2022-05-20 | 浙江省海洋水产养殖研究所 | Suspension cage for stichopus japonicus and cultivation method thereof |
| CN112493373A (en) * | 2020-11-12 | 2021-03-16 | 广东上上生物科技有限公司 | Efficient compound feed and application thereof |
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| CN1644042A (en) * | 2005-01-13 | 2005-07-27 | 许立可 | Netting cases for ecological culture of sea cucumber |
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- 2014-09-02 CN CN201410444003.4A patent/CN104186390B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| CN1644042A (en) * | 2005-01-13 | 2005-07-27 | 许立可 | Netting cases for ecological culture of sea cucumber |
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| CN101611700A (en) * | 2009-05-19 | 2009-12-30 | 威海西港刺参水产研究所有限公司 | A kind of stichopus japonicus sea grow seedlings net cage and seedling-cultivating method |
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| 浅海吊笼养殖刺参技术;孔祥青 等;《齐鲁渔业》;20100331;第27卷(第3期);第29-30页 * |
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