CN104186390A - Stereoscopic sea cucumber hanging breeding facility and composite breeding method - Google Patents
Stereoscopic sea cucumber hanging breeding facility and composite breeding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104186390A CN104186390A CN201410444003.4A CN201410444003A CN104186390A CN 104186390 A CN104186390 A CN 104186390A CN 201410444003 A CN201410444003 A CN 201410444003A CN 104186390 A CN104186390 A CN 104186390A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention discloses a simple stereoscopic sea cucumber hanging breeding facility and a breeding method which are suitable for shallow sea breeding areas or deep ponds. The breeding facility comprises a plank floating bridge, foam floats, a breeding mesh cage, a lining net, a spare mesh cage and dropping stones. The breeding mesh cage is hung on the floating bridge through hooks. The lining net is fixed into the breeding mesh cage in an inclined mode and faces sunlight. The spare mesh cage is placed on the floating bridge to be exposed in the sunlight for standby use. The dropping stones are hung at the four corners of the breeding mesh cage. According to the stereoscopic sea cucumber hanging breeding facility and the breeding method, water-layer particulate organic matters and water-layer sediment intercepted by the breeding mesh cage are fully used for providing natural high-quality bait for sea cucumbers, good environment is provided for the sea cucumbers, other living bodies such as prawns can be bred in a mixed mode at the same time, and therefore a stereoscopic ecological breeding mode is realized.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of aquaculture, be specifically related to a kind of three-dimensional stichopus japonicus hanging culture facility and cultural method.
Background technology
Along with developing rapidly of north stichopus japonicus aquaculture, apostichopus japonicus culture has become the largest industrial sector of northern China mariculture.But the stichopus japonicus mudflat aquaculture scale adopting is at present tending towards saturated because taking a large amount of land resources, and beach pond culture efficiency is lower, and survival rate of Apostichopus japonicus is not high, be affected by the external environment large.And stichopus japonicus has relatively high expectations to bottom environment, summer especially, easy anoxic at the bottom of pond, the harmful substances such as hydrogen sulphide that bottom produces cause the mortality of sea cucumber.Therefore, be necessary to provide a kind of culture efficiency better apostichopus japonicus culture mode.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of three-dimensional stichopus japonicus hanging culture facility and cultural method, i.e. a kind of facilities for culturing trepang and cultural method that is suitable for bay and deep water pond.Hanging culture facility of the present invention can make full use of Water space and water layer particulate organic matter, for stichopus japonicus provides good growing environment, thereby makes up the deficiencies in the prior art.
First the present invention provides a kind of three-dimensional stichopus japonicus hanging culture facility, includes plank pontoon bridge and is arranged on the hook on plank pontoon bridge; On hook, be fixed with aquiculture mesh cage, the oblique liner net that is provided with also in aquiculture mesh cage.
Described liner net and the bottom angle of aquiculture mesh cage are 50～70;
The bottom of above-mentioned plank pontoon bridge is provided with floater of foam;
The bottom of aquiculture mesh cage is fixed with dropstone;
Above-mentioned hanging culture facility also includes standby aquiculture mesh cage.
The present invention also provides the method for carrying out culturing stichopus japonicus with above-mentioned hanging culture facility on the other hand, comprises following step:
1) before throwing in sea cucumbers, hanging culture facility is set, aquiculture mesh cage is soaked in seawater 1～2 month, make aquiculture mesh cage adhere to organic granular and plankton;
2) in aquiculture mesh cage, minutes two seasons were thrown in sea cucumbers, and the time in spring is at the beginning of by the end of March to 4 month, the time in autumn be October to November, and in liner net, throw in prawn in June, carry out raising together with of sea cucumber and prawn; In breeding process, put shrimp put in a suitable place to breed before or receive shrimp after fall net operation;
During cultivation, throw in sea cucumber bait, described sea cucumber bait includes the assorted powder of 40% Kelp Powder, 5% ooze, 15% flour, 12% dregs of beans, 15% fish, 0.5% B B-complex, 0.5% mineral salt, 5% shrimp shell meal, 6% oyster shell powder, 1% immunopotentiator;
Immunopotentiator is wherein that after by the Radix Astragali and rheum officinale, the ratio of 3:1 is mixed in mass ratio,, with after alcohol lixiviate, microwave treatment distill the active substance of acquisition again;
The method of falling net operation is as follows: aquiculture mesh cage is packed up one by one from the hook of standby aquiculture mesh cage one side, standby aquiculture mesh cage is put down and is fixed on hook, after being mentioned, sea cucumber in aquiculture mesh cage pours in standby aquiculture mesh cage, aquiculture mesh cage is packed up, be laid in the sun on plank pontoon bridge and tan by the sun, dry rear folding standby as netting next time.
The present invention's beneficial effect compared with prior art:
1. make full use of deposition and the suction-operated of the organic granular materials such as water layer phytoplankton, chip, bacterium, on net sheet, forming stable biomembrane originates for stichopus japonicus provides high-quality natural food, be conducive to stichopus japonicus growth, liner net traction-increasing surface is long-pending, increase illumination, improve the primary productivity that net sheet adheres to.
2. pair cover cat net design, the sun tans by the sun disinfection, without cleaning net cage, greatly reduces labor intensity, and network process is to sea cucumber without injury, and the disturbance of the appropriateness of falling network process has improved growth and the quality of stichopus japonicus on the contrary.
3. make full use of breeding spaces and culturing time, form the aquaculture model of comprehensive one, as supported shrimp summer, prawn metabolic activity has rich water effect, enriches Stichopus japonicus Selenka bait source, increases output and income simultaneously.
4. stichopus japonicus is carried out to neritic area or deep water pond cultivated the end of far from, avoid severe bottom environment to work the mischief to stichopus japonicus, improve survival rate of Apostichopus japonicus.
5. breeding facility simplicity of design, the whole network structure, cheap, without metallic support, labour intensity is low, and two people coordinate, and 3-5min can complete the work of falling net and the work of receipts ginseng, cultivates Height Adjustablely, conveniently checks, without diving operation and preparation of ponds.
Accompanying drawing explanation:
Fig. 1: three-dimensional stichopus japonicus hanging culture facility of the present invention,
Wherein: 1, plank pontoon bridge; 2, hook; 3, aquiculture mesh cage; 4, prawn; 5, standby aquiculture mesh cage; 6, floater of foam; 7, sea cucumber; 8, liner net; 9, dropstone
Embodiment:
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.
As shown in Figure 1, three-dimensional stichopus japonicus hanging culture facility of the present invention comprises plank pontoon bridge 1, aquiculture mesh cage 3, standby breeding cage 5, liner net 8, aquiculture mesh cage 6 and dropstone 9.The mesh that wherein aquiculture mesh cage 3, standby aquiculture mesh cage 5 are all 0.4cm by specification, liner net 8 specifications are 0.4～0.8cm.Tetragonal aquiculture mesh cage 3 hangs on plank pontoon bridge 1 limit by linking up with 2, bottom hung dropstone 9, plank pontoon bridge 1 swims in the water surface by floater of foam 6, for personnel, passes through, liner net 8 is connected with aquiculture mesh cage 3 by hook 2, and sea cucumber is put in a suitable place to breed with breeding facility inner.This facility cultivation object Ke Yin ground, because of time adjust, the inner different geographical of liner net 8 and different time can be put the different collocation such as prawn, abalone, fish or algae in a suitable place to breed, realize stereo synthesis cultivation.
More specifically, liner net 8 is oblique to be fixed on the sidewall of aquiculture mesh cage 3, with hook 2, connects, and is easy to dismounting and changes, liner net 8 apertures are 0.4～0.8cm, liner net 8 leaves 1～2m space with the spacer screen contact-making surface of aquiculture mesh cage 3, for sea cucumber, passes through, and remainder contacts completely with aquiculture mesh cage 3, for sea cucumber, creep to liner net 8, liner net 8 is 50 °～70 ° with the spacer screen angle of inclination of aquiculture mesh cage 3, and on the sunny side, liner net 8 is the Intranet of sealing on inclined-plane.Dropstone 9 is suspended in aquiculture mesh cage 3 bottoms; Described standby aquiculture mesh cage 5 is folded and placed to plank pontoon bridge 1 limit, passageway; Hook 2 hangs on aquiculture mesh cage 3 by nylon rope, and nylon rope length is adjustable; Aquiculture mesh cage 3 and standby aquiculture mesh cage 5 can form for the etting of the 0.5cm of tetragonal body structure, the long 5m of cage body, wide 5m, high 2～3m, and cage height is adjustable.
The present invention also provides the method for carrying out culturing stichopus japonicus with above-mentioned hanging culture facility on the other hand, comprises following step:
1) before throwing in sea cucumbers, hanging culture facility is set, aquiculture mesh cage 3 is soaked 1-2 month in seawater, make aquiculture mesh cage 3 adhere to organic granular and plankton;
2) in aquiculture mesh cage 3, minutes two seasons were thrown in sea cucumbers, and the time in spring is at the beginning of by the end of March to 4 month, the time in autumn be October to November, and in liner net 8, throw in prawn in June, carry out the mixed breed of sea cucumber and prawn; In breeding process, put shrimp put in a suitable place to breed before or receive shrimp after fall net operation; The method of falling net operation is as follows: aquiculture mesh cage 3 is packed up one by one from the hook 2 of standby aquiculture mesh cage 5 one sides, standby aquiculture mesh cage 5 is put down and is fixed on hook 2, after being mentioned, sea cucumber in aquiculture mesh cage 3 pours in standby aquiculture mesh cage 5, aquiculture mesh cage 3 is packed up, be laid in the sun on plank pontoon bridge 1 and tan by the sun, dry rear folding standby as netting next time.
In order to obtain better culture efficiency, the present invention also provides a kind of bait that is applicable to bay and deep water pool holothurian culture, this bait includes the assorted powder of 40% Kelp Powder, 5% ooze, 15% flour, 12% dregs of beans, 15% fish, 0.5% B B-complex, 0.5% mineral salt, 5% shrimp shell meal, 6% oyster shell powder, 1% immunopotentiator
The powder that wherein the assorted powder of fish is that fish is assorted, the first-class discarded object of fish is dry through making, makes after pushing, deoiling, also can substitute with fish meal conventional in aquatic products field of fodder;
Mineral salt are commercially available copper, iron, zinc, manganese, selenium and other trace elements composition, the trace element that can adopt the commercially available aquatic feeds of arbitrary money to use;
The preparation method of shrimp shell meal grinds and makes powder after the materials such as discarded shrimp head, shrimp shell are dried.
Immunopotentiator wherein, is after by the Radix Astragali and rheum officinale, the ratio of 3:1 is mixed in mass ratio, with after alcohol lixiviate, and Microwave Extraction, then distill the active substance of acquisition; Concrete preparation method is as follows: the Radix Astragali, rheum officinale are mixed according to mass ratio 3:1 after pulverizing, with 40%-50% alcohol solution dipping microwave treatment 4min, power 500W, with 50% alcohol reflux, extract 1h, decompress filter extracts filtrate, filtrate, after 80 ℃ of water bath methods, is put into 60 ℃, baking oven dry, obtain extract of active substances.
The component of above-mentioned bait is special preparation of aquaculture model for the double-deck cat net of the present invention, and the material in above-mentioned component is after being ingested by sea cucumber, and chip etc. are easy to hang on the nettle of aquiculture mesh cage, can form faster biomembrane.Existing artificial apostichopus japonicus Selenka feed is splashed in breeding facility, but bait is difficult for sticking on the net, very easily sinks, cause waste.And in bait of the present invention, add flour, and reduce the proportioning of ooze, thus can improve bait adhesiveness, can reduce subsidence velocity again.Culture efficiency shows that the bait that the present invention uses adds after flour, and online bait adhesive rate rises to 60% by 30%, and unit are is adhered to water body particle amount of dry matter on the net and improved more than 1 times, and bait adheres to and improved the hold back efficiency of facility to water body detrital grain.
Inventor attempts directly adding the Radix Astragali and rheum officinale Chinese herbal medicine as immunopotentiator, but in breeding process, find, although Chinese herbal medicine can effectively improve the immunity of stichopus japonicus, after stichopus japonicus ingests, can cause stichopus japonicus that excessive stress reaction occurs, affect on the contrary the grazing rate of stichopus japonicus.And the Radix Astragali and large ecliptic longitude microwave technology are coordinated after ethyl alcohol purification, lixiviate product has stronger immunity, and can not affect grazing rate.Experimental results show that, cultivated animals is ingested and is added the immunity enhancing preparation in the present invention, take and do not add immune formulation as contrast, superoxide dismutase in stichopus japonicus body, lysozyme and alkaline phosphatase activities contrast and improve respectively 40%, 80% and 30%, prawn superoxide dismutase, lysozyme and alkaline phosphatase activities contrast and improve respectively 30%, 70% and 20%.
Embodiment 1
In on November 2,2 days～2013 April in 2013, Hong island utilizes this facility to carry out culture experiment.Experiment sea area depth of water 3.0m, cultured area is about 10 mu, breeding facility spacing 40cm, stichopus japonicus body weight 10.1 ± 2.6g for experiment, each facility is thrown 20 kilograms of sea cucumbers, and experimental session mean temperature scope is 9.2～28.6 ℃, salinity 29～31.6, pH is 8.1～8.3, Dissolved Oxygen in Water average out to 6.8mg/L.Result of study shows, the stichopus japonicus skin depth of this facility cultivation is active good, be attached on the wall of breeding cage and liner net or in the fold of net more, this facility survival rate of Apostichopus japonicus 92%, average weight 127.8g, same depth bottom sowing culture survival rate of Apostichopus japonicus only 55%, average weight 104.2g, this facility cultivation stichopus japonicus output is apparently higher than bottom sowing culture, the visible a large amount of stichopus japonicus ight soil in facility bottom, regular shape, even thickness, illustrates that stichopus japonicus can effectively utilize online attaching particles material.This facility can effectively catching sea area water layer organic granular material, unit are can be adhered to organic particulate matter 2.5～3.5g dry weight every day, main component is dwell bait, the end adhered to micro-algae, organic debris etc., after bait throwing in, this facility unit are every day can be adhered to organic particulate matter and reached 5.0～7.6g dry weight, particle organic matter, carbon, nitrogen content can reach 16.6%, 3.5% and 0.38%, there is high nutritive value.Ingest and add after the bait of immune formulation, superoxide dismutase in stichopus japonicus body, lysozyme and alkaline phosphatase activities contrast and improve respectively 40%, 100% and 30%.Put shrimp seedling on June 1st, 2013, specification is that 2～4cm body is long, and every facility is put 100～200 of prawns in a suitable place to breed, gathers in the crops prawn on September 2nd, 2013, the long 20cm of not bait throwing in group prawn average body, survival rate is 54%, and bait throwing in group prawn survival rate reaches more than 77%, the long 23cm of average body, the superoxide dismutase in the prawn body of this immunopotentiator of ingesting, lysozyme and alkaline phosphatase activities contrast and improve respectively 30%, 70% and 20%, and the residual bait of prawn can be suspended on net sheet.
Cylinder mould facility of the present invention can finely be held back water body particulate matter, bait of the present invention can effectively stick on the net, immunity additive special in bait can improve stichopus japonicus immunocompetence, improve stichopus japonicus growth and survive, fall easily net operation, without cleaning net cage, the design of liner net makes full use of space.This breeding facility can because of time, because ground makes full use of water layer space, realize the integrated culture of three-dimensional, ecology.
Claims (9)
1. a three-dimensional stichopus japonicus hanging culture facility, is characterized in that, described hanging culture facility includes plank pontoon bridge (1) and is arranged on the hook (2) on plank pontoon bridge (1); At hook, be fixed with aquiculture mesh cage (3) on (2), and in aquiculture mesh cage (3) the oblique liner net (8) that is provided with also.
2. hanging culture facility as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described liner net (8) is 50～70 degree with the bottom angle of aquiculture mesh cage (3).
3. hanging culture facility as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the bottom of described plank pontoon bridge (1) is provided with floater of foam (6).
4. hanging culture facility as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the bottom of described aquiculture mesh cage (3) is fixed with dropstone (9).
5. hanging culture facility claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, also includes standby aquiculture mesh cage (5).
6. utilize hanging culture facility described in claim 1 to carry out a method for culturing stichopus japonicus, it is characterized in that, described method comprises following step:
Before throwing in sea cucumbers, hanging culture facility is set, aquiculture mesh cage (3) is soaked 1～2 month in seawater, make aquiculture mesh cage (3) adhere to organic granular and plankton;
In aquiculture mesh cage (3), minutes two seasons were thrown in sea cucumbers, and the time in spring is at the beginning of by the end of March to 4 month, the time in autumn be October to November, and in liner net 8, throw in prawn in June, carry out raising together with of sea cucumber and prawn; In breeding process, put shrimp put in a suitable place to breed before or receive shrimp after fall net operation; The cultivation sea cucumber of gathering after finishing.
7. method as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that, during cultivating, throw in sea cucumber bait, described sea cucumber bait includes the assorted powder of 40% Kelp Powder, 5% ooze, 15% flour, 12% dregs of beans, 15% fish, 0.5% B B-complex, 0.5% mineral salt, 5% shrimp shell meal, 6% oyster shell powder, 1% immunopotentiator.
8. method as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that, described immunopotentiator is that after by the Radix Astragali and rheum officinale, the ratio of 3:1 is mixed in mass ratio,, with after alcohol lixiviate, microwave treatment distill the active substance of acquisition again.
9. method as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that, the described method of falling net operation is as follows: aquiculture mesh cage (3) is packed up one by one from the hook (2) of standby aquiculture mesh cage (5) one sides, standby aquiculture mesh cage (5) is put down and is fixed on hook (2), after being mentioned, sea cucumber in aquiculture mesh cage (3) pours in standby aquiculture mesh cage (5), aquiculture mesh cage (3) is packed up, be laid in the upper sun of plank pontoon bridge (1) and tan by the sun, dry rear folding standby as netting next time.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104719201A (en) * | 2015-03-19 | 2015-06-24 | 山东省海洋生物研究院 | Multi-layer groove type apostichopus japonicus breeding method |
| CN104782536A (en) * | 2015-03-19 | 2015-07-22 | 山东省海洋生物研究院 | Three-dimensional stichopus japonicus breeding method |
| CN104904635A (en) * | 2015-06-04 | 2015-09-16 | 山东省海洋生物研究院 | Apostichopus japonicus and prawn circulating culturing method |
| CN109287542A (en) * | 2018-10-18 | 2019-02-01 | 张功文 | A kind of aquaculture fry temporarily supports foldable net frame |
| CN112273295A (en) * | 2020-09-24 | 2021-01-29 | 浙江省海洋水产养殖研究所 | Apostichopus japonicus hanging cage and breeding method thereof |
| CN112493373A (en) * | 2020-11-12 | 2021-03-16 | 广东上上生物科技有限公司 | Efficient compound feed and application thereof |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104719201A (en) * | 2015-03-19 | 2015-06-24 | 山东省海洋生物研究院 | Multi-layer groove type apostichopus japonicus breeding method |
| CN104782536A (en) * | 2015-03-19 | 2015-07-22 | 山东省海洋生物研究院 | Three-dimensional stichopus japonicus breeding method |
| CN104904635A (en) * | 2015-06-04 | 2015-09-16 | 山东省海洋生物研究院 | Apostichopus japonicus and prawn circulating culturing method |
| CN109287542A (en) * | 2018-10-18 | 2019-02-01 | 张功文 | A kind of aquaculture fry temporarily supports foldable net frame |
| CN112273295A (en) * | 2020-09-24 | 2021-01-29 | 浙江省海洋水产养殖研究所 | Apostichopus japonicus hanging cage and breeding method thereof |
| CN112493373A (en) * | 2020-11-12 | 2021-03-16 | 广东上上生物科技有限公司 | Efficient compound feed and application thereof |
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| CN104186390B (en) | 2015-04-15 |
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