CN104186077A - Using method of multilayer coated controlled release fertilizers - Google Patents
Using method of multilayer coated controlled release fertilizers Download PDFInfo
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- CN104186077A CN104186077A CN201410368348.6A CN201410368348A CN104186077A CN 104186077 A CN104186077 A CN 104186077A CN 201410368348 A CN201410368348 A CN 201410368348A CN 104186077 A CN104186077 A CN 104186077A
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Abstract
The invention provides a using method of multilayer coated controlled release fertilizers. The using method comprises the following steps: dressing seeds and applying the fertilizers when the seeds are sowed, wherein the distances between the fertilizers and the seeds are 3-8cm when the fertilizers are applied and 2-5 multilayer coated controlled release fertilizers are applied to each plant; adding plant ash when the seeds are dressed, wherein the mass ratio of the seeds to the plant ash is 1 to 1.2; each multilayer coated controlled release fertilizer comprises a microelement fertilizer core layer, a sterilizing and insect killing layer and a base fertilizer layer; the microelement fertilizer core layer is made of microelement fertilizers obtained after mixing borax, zinc oxide, common hogfenneI root and amur corktree bark in a mass ratio of 1 to 1 to 2 to 3; radix bupleuri and mulberries are ground into 80-120-mesh powder; the sterilizing and insect killing layer is made of powder obtained after mixing officinal magnolia bark, sweet wormwood herb, shaddock peel, figwort root, platycodon root, lumbricus and common andrographis herb in a mass ratio of 4 to 2 to 5 to 7 to 7 to 5 to 6, carrying out water extraction on the materials three times, heating the extracts until the extracts are thick, then adding 0.5 part of hydroxymethyl cellulose and drying the product; the base fertilizer layer is made of base fertilizers obtained after mixing urea, ground phosphate rock and potassium sulfate in a mass ratio of 8 to 5 to 18. The multilayer coated controlled release fertilizers are simple in proportioning, are convenient to use, have long curative effect duration, are slowly released, are comprehensive in nutrition and can effectively reduce the content of alkaloids in potatoes.
Description
technical field:
The present invention relates to technical field of fertilizers, relate in particular to a kind of using method of multilayer coating controlled-release fertilizer.
background technology:
The fertilizer practice of potato should be followed and take farmyard manure as master, chemical fertilizer are as auxiliary, and base manure is principle main, that suitably topdress.Potato is tuber crops, likes loose sand loam soil, requires weather nice and cool.Base manure consumption generally accounts for the more than 2/3 of total fertilizing amount, and base manure be take the farmyard manure that fully becomes thoroughly decomposed as main, enriches a certain amount of chemical fertilizer, and particularly phosphorus potassium fertilizer is made base manure, can improve like this physical property of soil, is conducive to growth and knot potato.In base manure, nitrogen fertilizer amount accounts for 50%, and the application process of base manure is ditch spread or spread manuer in holes before plantation, dark 15 centimetres of left and right.Concrete fertilizing amount is the plot of 1500 kilograms of left and right of per mu yield, every mu of organic fertilizer 1500-2500 kilogram, and 20 kilograms, urea, general calcium 20-30 kilogram, potash fertilizer 10-12 kilogram, or the composite fertilizer 40-60 kilogram of high nitrogen and potassium type, prolific area fertilizing amount can suitably increase.Chemical fertilizer will impose on the centimeters from potato seed 2-3, avoids directly contacting with potato seed earthing after fertilising.Topdress and will carry out Rational Application in conjunction with potato growth period.Seedling Stage is wanted Nitrogen Top Dressing, can with urea 5-8 kilogram, water be watered and be executed in conjunction with every mu of cultivation and banking, is conducive to keep a full stand of seedings.After potato is bloomed, generally not carrying out rhizosphere topdresses, particularly can not Nitrogen Top Dressing, after potato is bloomed, mainly with foliage-spray phosphorus, potash fertilizer, 50 kilograms of the potassium dihydrogen phosphates of every mu of foliage-spray 0.3-0.5%, if nitrogen stress, can increase 100-150 gram of urea, spray in every 10-15 days once, connects and sprays 2-3 time.Potato is more responsive to boron, zinc, if soil lacking boron or scarce zinc can generally every spray in 7 days once, connect and spray twice with borax or the zinc sulphate root outer spraying of 0.1-0.3%, every mu with solution 50-70 kilogram.Potato is happiness potassium crop, in balance fertilizing, will pay attention to especially using of potash fertilizer.Meanwhile, should not use too much chloride fertilizer, as potassium chloride, should select potassium sulfate, otherwise can affect potato quality.
Ingredient in potato: starch 9～20%, protein 1.5～2.3%, fat 0.1～1.1%, raw fiber 0.6～0.8%.Contained nutrient component in 100g potato: heat 66～113J, calcium 11～60mg, phosphorus 15～68mg, iron 0.4mg～4.8mg, thiamine 0.03～0.07mg, vitamin b3 0.03～0.11mg, niacin 0.4～1.1mg.Potato contains some poisonous alkaloids, is mainly solanine and chactomium globosum alkali, but generally through the high-temperature cooking of 170 ℃, noxious material will decompose.Potato is containing solanine (solanine), intoxicating composition is solanine (C45H73O15N), claims again potato toxin, and the potato of prematurity, livid purple skin or germination potato increase to 25～60mg containing black nightshade glucoside, even, up to 430mg, so eat in a large number prematurity or germination potato, can cause acute poisoning.Wild potato toxicity is higher, and solanism can cause headache, diarrhoea, twitch, and stupor, even can cause death.But the potato toxicity of Common Cultivation is very low, seldom there is potato poisoning to occur.Cultivation potato generally contains alkaloid lower than 0.2 milligram/gram, generally surpasses 200 milligrams and just can cause intoxicating phenomenon, is equivalent to once eat up 1.4 kilograms of immature soil beans.
In view of the specific demand of potato to fertilizer, especially special to the demand of base manure, element with, common chemical fertilizer and fertilizer can not be directly applied for potato, therefore, have occurred some dedicated fertilizers for potato crop, as Chinese patent application 2009101621450 discloses a kind of potato chemical fertilizer specially and preparation method thereof, raw material and the percentage by weight of special fertilizer comprise: nitrogen 10-11 part, phosphorus element 6-7 part, potassium element 7-8 part and micro-fertile 1-2 part; Described preparation method comprises: according to above-described raw material and proportioning, each raw material is mixed, pulverized by proportioning, use comminution granulation again, make described multilayer coating controlled-release fertilizer.For another example Chinese patent application 2009102382137 discloses a kind of compound fertilizer specially used for potato and preparation method thereof, the saturated aqueous solution that comprises zinc salts of organic acid saturated aqueous solution and organic acid calcium salt, the saturated aqueous solution of molysite, the saturated aqueous solution of boron-containing compound and surfactant.For another example Chinese patent application 20,101,003 91721 discloses a kind of special compound fertilizer for potato and preparation method thereof, comprises 15-21% urea, 19-25% phosphoric acid diamines, this magnesium-phosphorus fertilizer of 15-21%, 15-21% superphosphate, 21-27 potassium chloride; For another example the disclosed a kind of potato special nutritional of Chinese patent application 2011104159865 is fertile, urea 22-24 part; MAP 15-17 part; Potassium chloride 18-20 part; Zinc sulphate 4-6 part; Ammonium molybdate 4-6 part; Boratex 2-3 part; The ratio of bio-fertilizer 2-3 part mixes.Bio-fertilizer comprises human and animal excreta, and the fertile ratio of the nitrogen specifically comprising, phosphorus, potassium and live body is respectively: 25: 17: 14: 5.For another example Chinese patent application 2013101699521 discloses a kind of potato special fertilizer and preparation method thereof, is to be formed by straw decomposing thing, urea, potassium sulfate, fused calcium magnesium phosphate, ten Boratexes, zinc sulphate, manganese sulphate, ammonium molybdate and sodium silicate, nickel nitrate and repellant mixing granulation.For another example Chinese patent application, 201310383459X discloses a kind of potato special fertilizer material and preparation method thereof, urea 12-14, superphosphate 45-49, carbonic hydroammonium 32-35, potassium sulfate 16-19, borax 3-4, sodium molybdate 4-5, manganese sulphate 2-3, zinc sulphate 2-3, soil conditioner 6-9, dolomite dust 12-15, weathered coal 21-24, peat composed of rotten mosses 12-15, nano-sized carbon 1-2, bean dregs 32-35, eucalyptus oil 1-2; The present invention is micro-granulations such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and molybdenum, manganese, zinc, and has slow release effect.For another example Chinese patent application 2013104986212 discloses with a kind of potato special slow release-sustained-release fertilizer.This fertilizer comprises following active principle: nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, diammonium phosphate, urase-nitrification inhibitor and controlled release agent.Wherein, the mass parts of each component is as follows: nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 20-40 part, diammonium phosphate 15-30 part, urase-nitrification inhibitor 0.2-0.6 part and controlled release agent 4-6 part.This fertilizer loses chemical fertilizer technology by urase/nitrated slow release chemical fertilizer technology and control and organically combines, performance synergy.This technology can make fertilizer slow release, can reduce the loss that discharges nutrient again, has slowly-releasing and control mistake double effects.In addition, migration and the loss that material micro-nano network can also be controlled urease inhibitor and nitrification inhibitor lost in control, can not only strengthen slow release effect, and can alleviate the pollution of their loss to environment.The present invention on the basis of existing technology, aims to provide a kind of proportioning simple, and easy to use, curative effect is long, and slowly-releasing discharges, comprehensive nutrition, and can make the effectively using method of a kind of multilayer coating controlled-release fertilizer of reduction of potato alkaloid.
summary of the invention:
The object of the invention is to overcome the shortcoming existing in prior art, provide a kind of proportioning simple, easy to use, curative effect is long, and slowly-releasing discharges, comprehensive nutrition, and can make the effectively using method of a kind of multilayer coating controlled-release fertilizer of reduction of potato alkaloid.
To achieve these goals, the invention provides a kind of multilayer coating controlled-release fertilizer, wherein, the size of fertiliser granulates is 30-50mm, described fertiliser granulates is followed successively by from inside to outside: micro-fat sandwich layer, sterilizing pesticide layer, base manure layer, the short layer rhizogenous of insulation and coatings, spray between each layer and be bonded with the auxiliary coalescents layer of some layers.
Described micro-fat sandwich layer is the micro-fertilizer obtaining after borax, zinc oxide, the root of purple-flowered peucedanum, golden cypress are mixed according to mass ratio 1:1:2:3, radix bupleuri, mulberries are crushed into 80-120 order powder, described sterilizing pesticide layer is that the bark of official magnolia, sweet wormwood, shaddock ped, radix scrophulariae, balloonflower root, earthworm, Herba Andrographitis are mixed according to mass ratio 4:2:5:7:7:5:6, through three floodings, leaching liquor is heated to add 0.5 part of CMC after thickness again, the pulvis of dry rear gained; Described base manure is the base manure obtaining after urea, rock phosphate, potassium sulfate are mixed according to mass ratio 8:5:18, the short layer rhizogenous of described insulation is that ash, described coatings are any one in sulphur dressing, resin dressing or urease inhibitors dressing, described auxiliary coalescents layer be lignin, potassium fulvate, modified starch, tpn wetting powder, water according to the solution of mass ratio 3:5:1:0.3:30-50 preparation, through spray dry after film forming.
Object to better implement the present invention, the present invention provides again a kind of preparation method of multilayer coating controlled-release fertilizer, wherein, operation in accordance with the following steps:
A, borax, zinc oxide, the root of purple-flowered peucedanum, golden cypress are sprayed to auxiliary coalescents stir, through granulating disc granulation, obtain micro-fat sandwich layer, the size of micro-fat sandwich layer is diameter 5-6mm;
After B, micro-fat sandwich layer are dried, outside sprinkling assists coalescents as bonding agent, the sticky outside that is rolled in micro-fat sandwich layer of the pulvis again bark of official magnolia, sweet wormwood, shaddock ped, radix scrophulariae, balloonflower root, earthworm, Herba Andrographitis being made, then spray again auxiliary coalescents, drying and forming-film after 3-5 minute, in the outside of micro-fat sandwich layer, form sterilizing pesticide layer, standby; The thickness of sterilizing pesticide layer is 3-4mm,
C, step B gains are sprayed and assisted into after film preparation, make to assist into film preparation as bonding agent, spray the sticky base manure that rolls for one time one time, repeatedly operate 4-5 time, when the base manure thickness of fertile outer core is 3-6 times of micro-fat sandwich layer diameter only, spray auxiliary coalescents, drying and forming-film after 3-5 minute, has formed base manure layer in sterilizing pesticide layer outside;
D, by step C beyond the region of objective existence portion spray and to assist into after film preparation, make to assist into film preparation as bonding agent, spray a sticky tumbleweed wood ash one time, repeatedly operate 2-3 time, when being 2-5 times of micro-fat sandwich layer diameter, the thickness that makes ash only, spraying auxiliary coalescents, drying and forming-film after 3-5 minute, in base manure layer outside, formed the short layer rhizogenous of insulation
E, use coating material, according to the method for making of fertilizer coating in prior art, in the outside coatings that forms of step D gains, the particle size obtaining is 30-50mm, makes multilayer coating controlled-release fertilizer.(any dressing parcel of sulphur dressing, resin dressing or urease inhibitors dressing Controlled Release Fertilizer is prior art, and this step is according to routine techniques preparation)
Object to better implement the present invention, the present invention provides again a kind of using method of multilayer coating controlled-release fertilizer, wherein, and operation as follows: companion's kind of fertilising during sowing, far away apart from seed 3-5cm during fertilising, every strain placement of multiple layers coating controlled-release fertilizer 2-5.
Advantage of the present invention is: proportioning is simple, easy to use, and curative effect is long, and slowly-releasing discharges, comprehensive nutrition, and can make potato alkaloid effectively reduce.Be specially:
The present invention is Controlled Release Fertilizer but not slow-release fertilizer, Controlled Release Fertilizer is the fertilizer that adopts polymer coating, micropore on film only has hundreds of nanometer conventionally, liquid water cannot pass through film at all, can only enter in film with hydrone form, so except water molecule energy frees in and out in film, fertiliser granulates is completely with outside isolated, and nutrient is got rid of outside film by the osmotic pressure of film.So the release speed of nutrient is only relevant with the hole of membrane micropore with the movement velocity of hydrone, after a kind of Controlled Release Fertilizer is manured into soil (micropore is set), only relevant with hydrone movement velocity, and the movement velocity of hydrone depends on temperature.The release of the Controlled Release Fertilizers such as the microorganism of soil, pH value is without any impact.After common incorporation of fertilizerin the soil, soon cause nutrient excess owing to discharging early stage, and plant cannot absorb in a short time completely, causes a large amount of nutrients to be accumulated in soil, easily volatilization, rainy leaching loss; Permeate the ground; Or soil fixing, so fertilizer average utilization only has 35% left and right, and the later stage lacks nutrient.Controlled Release Fertilizer is actually takes the later stage the nutrient saving of not using in early stage and is supplied to plant, has reduced decomposition and the soil fixing of leaching loss, microorganism simultaneously, is equivalent to bit by bit ceaselessly to plant, engross.Therefore, the nearly root of fertilizer of the present invention is used, and the highest fertilizer efficiency availability can reach more than 86.2%.Controlled Release Fertilizer is actually a kind of 24 hours all at the nutrient discharging, and discharges speed and depends on temperature, and day temperature is high to be discharged soon, and the low release of temperature in evening is slow, and plant when to be also day temperature high photosynthesis strong.
The release profiles of Controlled Release Fertilizer of the present invention is the release profiles of " S ", this is ideal curve, common this fertilizer discharges very slow in earlier stage, later stage discharges accelerates, realizing S release has two kinds of modes, and a kind of material dressing is very thick, and the performance of coating material own is not strong, later stage dressing expands or spreading, and micropore or hole increase.S type curve is the favorite nutrient release profiles of plant growth, and plant is during seedling stage, few to nutrient demand in earlier stage, along with the quickening of growth, the demand of nutrient is accelerated thereupon, and therefore, the release profiles of S type is ideal curve.
The present invention has improved a times of utilization rate of fertilizer and has had a surplus, and loss of nitrogenous fertilizer rate significantly reduces, and can save nitrogen fertilizer amount 30%-50%.Reduce fertilizer application frequency simultaneously, save labour.Only need companion's kind of fertilising once, the disposable fertilizer of selling is in the market essentially quick-acting Gao Dan type composite fertilizer, exist seedling stage prosperous length or the later stage take off fertile risk.And the fertilizer of invention is at the release mode of the potato season of growth (knot potato), fertilizer nutrient release rule and crop nutrition content are absorbed consistent, single fertilization meets the potato demand in whole growth season.In addition, the application with micro-fertilizer (boron and zinc element), in knot potato phase onset, meanwhile, botanical pesticide (pulvis prepared by the extract of the bark of official magnolia, sweet wormwood, shaddock ped, radix scrophulariae, balloonflower root, earthworm, Herba Andrographitis cassia seed) is in knot potato phase onset, the potato supplement trace nutrition of giving the knot potato phase in the time of Pesticidal and sterilizing, the effect of increasing income is remarkable, more conventional fertilizer volume increase 35-44%, passes through analysis data in addition, finds the more conventional reduction of the alkaloid 30-40% of potato.
In addition, the application uses large-particle fertilizer, avoids the difficulty of applying fertilizer, labour-saving way, between adjacent two plant, place one, while applying fertilizer, use waddy insert eye on ridge, the granular fertilizer that has high input, at earthing, the trouble of avoiding traditional operation ditch dug with a plow to refertilize, service speed is fast, and the manpower fertilising in especially applicable little plot, greatly reduces labour intensity.
embodiment:
The application's multilayer coating controlled-release fertilizer, the size of fertiliser granulates is 30-50mm, described fertiliser granulates is followed successively by from inside to outside: micro-fat sandwich layer, sterilizing pesticide layer, base manure layer, the short layer rhizogenous of insulation and coatings, spray between each layer and be bonded with the auxiliary coalescents layer of some layers.
Described micro-fat sandwich layer is the micro-fertilizer obtaining after borax, zinc oxide, the root of purple-flowered peucedanum, golden cypress are mixed according to mass ratio 1:1:2:3, radix bupleuri, mulberries are crushed into 80-120 order powder, described sterilizing pesticide layer is that the bark of official magnolia, sweet wormwood, shaddock ped, radix scrophulariae, balloonflower root, earthworm, Herba Andrographitis are mixed according to mass ratio 4:2:5:7:7:5:6, through three floodings, leaching liquor is heated to add 0.5 part of CMC after thickness again, the pulvis of dry rear gained; Described base manure is the base manure obtaining after urea, rock phosphate, potassium sulfate are mixed according to mass ratio 8:5:18, the short layer rhizogenous of described insulation is that ash, described coatings are any one in sulphur dressing, resin dressing or urease inhibitors dressing, described auxiliary coalescents layer be lignin, potassium fulvate, modified starch, tpn wetting powder, water according to the solution of mass ratio 3:5:1:0.3:30-50 preparation, through spray dry after film forming.
Object to better implement the present invention, the present invention provides again a kind of preparation method of multilayer coating controlled-release fertilizer, wherein, operation in accordance with the following steps:
A, borax, zinc oxide, the root of purple-flowered peucedanum, golden cypress are sprayed to auxiliary coalescents stir, through granulating disc granulation, obtain micro-fat sandwich layer, the size of micro-fat sandwich layer is diameter 5-6mm;
After B, micro-fat sandwich layer are dried, outside sprinkling assists coalescents as bonding agent, the sticky outside that is rolled in micro-fat sandwich layer of the pulvis again bark of official magnolia, sweet wormwood, shaddock ped, radix scrophulariae, balloonflower root, earthworm, Herba Andrographitis being made, then spray again auxiliary coalescents, drying and forming-film after 3-5 minute, in the outside of micro-fat sandwich layer, form sterilizing pesticide layer, standby; The thickness of sterilizing pesticide layer is 3-4mm,
C, step B gains are sprayed and assisted into after film preparation, make to assist into film preparation as bonding agent, spray the sticky base manure that rolls for one time one time, repeatedly operate 4-5 time, when the base manure thickness of fertile outer core is 3-6 times of micro-fat sandwich layer diameter only, spray auxiliary coalescents, drying and forming-film after 3-5 minute, has formed base manure layer in sterilizing pesticide layer outside;
D, by step C beyond the region of objective existence portion spray and to assist into after film preparation, make to assist into film preparation as bonding agent, spray a sticky tumbleweed wood ash one time, repeatedly operate 2-3 time, when being 2-5 times of micro-fat sandwich layer diameter, the thickness that makes ash only, spraying auxiliary coalescents, drying and forming-film after 3-5 minute, in base manure layer outside, formed the short layer rhizogenous of insulation
E, use coating material, according to the method for making of fertilizer coating in prior art, in the outside coatings that forms of step D gains, the particle size obtaining is 30-50mm, makes multilayer coating controlled-release fertilizer.(any dressing parcel of sulphur dressing, resin dressing or urease inhibitors dressing Controlled Release Fertilizer is prior art, and this step is according to routine techniques preparation)
Object to better implement the present invention, the present invention provides again a kind of using method of multilayer coating controlled-release fertilizer, wherein, and operation as follows: companion's kind of fertilising during sowing, far away apart from seed 3-5cm during fertilising, every strain placement of multiple layers coating controlled-release fertilizer 2-5.
Note: coating material and coating method are prior art, on this aspect, without innovation, crucial innovation is each to organize active ingredient dressing respectively, accomplishes controlled release,
Example 1
Described fertiliser granulates is followed successively by from inside to outside: micro-fat sandwich layer, sterilizing pesticide layer, base manure layer, the short layer rhizogenous of insulation and coatings, spray between each layer and be bonded with the auxiliary coalescents layer of some layers.
Described micro-fat sandwich layer is the micro-fertilizer obtaining after borax, zinc oxide, the root of purple-flowered peucedanum, golden cypress are mixed according to mass ratio 1:1:2:3, radix bupleuri, mulberries are crushed into 80-120 order powder, described sterilizing pesticide layer is that the bark of official magnolia, sweet wormwood, shaddock ped, radix scrophulariae, balloonflower root, earthworm, Herba Andrographitis are mixed according to mass ratio 4:2:5:7:7:5:6, through three floodings, leaching liquor is heated to add 0.5 part of CMC after thickness again, the pulvis of dry rear gained; Described base manure is the base manure obtaining after urea, rock phosphate, potassium sulfate are mixed according to mass ratio 8:5:18, the short layer rhizogenous of described insulation is that ash, described coatings are any one in sulphur dressing, resin dressing or urease inhibitors dressing, described auxiliary coalescents layer be lignin, potassium fulvate, modified starch, tpn wetting powder, water according to the solution of mass ratio 3:5:1:0.3:30-50 preparation, through spray dry after film forming.
A, borax, zinc oxide, the root of purple-flowered peucedanum, golden cypress are sprayed to auxiliary coalescents stir, through granulating disc granulation, obtain micro-fat sandwich layer, the size of micro-fat sandwich layer is diameter 5-6mm;
After B, micro-fat sandwich layer are dried, outside sprinkling assists coalescents as bonding agent, the sticky outside that is rolled in micro-fat sandwich layer of the pulvis again bark of official magnolia, sweet wormwood, shaddock ped, radix scrophulariae, balloonflower root, earthworm, Herba Andrographitis being made, then spray again auxiliary coalescents, drying and forming-film after 3-5 minute, in the outside of micro-fat sandwich layer, form sterilizing pesticide layer, standby; The thickness of sterilizing pesticide layer is 3-4mm,
C, step B gains are sprayed and assisted into after film preparation, make to assist into film preparation as bonding agent, spray the sticky base manure that rolls for one time one time, repeatedly operate 4-5 time, when the base manure thickness of fertile outer core is 3-6 times of micro-fat sandwich layer diameter only, spray auxiliary coalescents, drying and forming-film after 3-5 minute, has formed base manure layer in sterilizing pesticide layer outside;
D, by step C beyond the region of objective existence portion spray and to assist into after film preparation, make to assist into film preparation as bonding agent, spray a sticky tumbleweed wood ash one time, repeatedly operate 2-3 time, when being 2-5 times of micro-fat sandwich layer diameter, the thickness that makes ash only, spraying auxiliary coalescents, drying and forming-film after 3-5 minute, in base manure layer outside, formed the short layer rhizogenous of insulation
E, use coating material, according to the method for making of fertilizer coating in prior art, in the outside coatings that forms of step D gains, the particle size obtaining is 30mm, makes multilayer coating controlled-release fertilizer.(any dressing parcel of sulphur dressing, resin dressing or urease inhibitors dressing Controlled Release Fertilizer is prior art, and this step is according to routine techniques preparation)
Above-mentioned example is executed kind of a plot, Yantai, and 100 mu, during sowing, companion's kind of fertilising, far away apart from seed 3-5cm during fertilising, 4 of every strain placement of multiple layers coating controlled-release fertilizers.4 fertilizer are quadrangle around plant and place.3920 kilograms of per mu yields.(using 2700 kilograms of this plot average yield per mus of common fertilizer),
Example 2
Fertiliser granulates is followed successively by from inside to outside: micro-fat sandwich layer, sterilizing pesticide layer, base manure layer, the short layer rhizogenous of insulation and coatings, spray between each layer and be bonded with the auxiliary coalescents layer of some layers.
Described micro-fat sandwich layer is the micro-fertilizer obtaining after borax, zinc oxide, the root of purple-flowered peucedanum, golden cypress are mixed according to mass ratio 1:1:2:3, radix bupleuri, mulberries are crushed into 80-120 order powder, described sterilizing pesticide layer is that the bark of official magnolia, sweet wormwood, shaddock ped, radix scrophulariae, balloonflower root, earthworm, Herba Andrographitis are mixed according to mass ratio 4:2:5:7:7:5:6, through three floodings, leaching liquor is heated to add 0.5 part of CMC after thickness again, the pulvis of dry rear gained; Described base manure is the base manure obtaining after urea, rock phosphate, potassium sulfate are mixed according to mass ratio 8:5:18, the short layer rhizogenous of described insulation is that ash, described coatings are any one in sulphur dressing, resin dressing or urease inhibitors dressing, described auxiliary coalescents layer be lignin, potassium fulvate, modified starch, tpn wetting powder, water according to the solution of mass ratio 3:5:1:0.3:30-50 preparation, through spray dry after film forming.
A, borax, zinc oxide, the root of purple-flowered peucedanum, golden cypress are sprayed to auxiliary coalescents stir, through granulating disc granulation, obtain micro-fat sandwich layer, the size of micro-fat sandwich layer is diameter 5-6mm;
After B, micro-fat sandwich layer are dried, outside sprinkling assists coalescents as bonding agent, the sticky outside that is rolled in micro-fat sandwich layer of the pulvis again bark of official magnolia, sweet wormwood, shaddock ped, radix scrophulariae, balloonflower root, earthworm, Herba Andrographitis being made, then spray again auxiliary coalescents, drying and forming-film after 3-5 minute, in the outside of micro-fat sandwich layer, form sterilizing pesticide layer, standby; The thickness of sterilizing pesticide layer is 3-4mm,
C, step B gains are sprayed and assisted into after film preparation, make to assist into film preparation as bonding agent, spray the sticky base manure that rolls for one time one time, repeatedly operate 4-5 time, when the base manure thickness of fertile outer core is 3-6 times of micro-fat sandwich layer diameter only, spray auxiliary coalescents, drying and forming-film after 3-5 minute, has formed base manure layer in sterilizing pesticide layer outside;
D, by step C beyond the region of objective existence portion spray and to assist into after film preparation, make to assist into film preparation as bonding agent, spray a sticky tumbleweed wood ash one time, repeatedly operate 2-3 time, when being 2-5 times of micro-fat sandwich layer diameter, the thickness that makes ash only, spraying auxiliary coalescents, drying and forming-film after 3-5 minute, in base manure layer outside, formed the short layer rhizogenous of insulation
E, use coating material, according to the method for making of fertilizer coating in prior art, in the outside coatings that forms of step D gains, the particle size obtaining is 40mm, makes multilayer coating controlled-release fertilizer.(any dressing parcel of sulphur dressing, resin dressing or urease inhibitors dressing Controlled Release Fertilizer is prior art, and this step is according to routine techniques preparation)
Above-mentioned example is executed kind of a plot, Dezhou, and 100 mu, during sowing, companion's kind of fertilising, far away apart from seed 3-5cm during fertilising, 3 of every strain placement of multiple layers coating controlled-release fertilizers.3 fertilizer are around plant placement triangular in shape.3870 kilograms of per mu yields.(using 2590 kilograms of this plot average yield per mus of common fertilizer),
Example 3
Fertiliser granulates is followed successively by from inside to outside: micro-fat sandwich layer, sterilizing pesticide layer, base manure layer, the short layer rhizogenous of insulation and coatings, spray between each layer and be bonded with the auxiliary coalescents layer of some layers.
Described micro-fat sandwich layer is the micro-fertilizer obtaining after borax, zinc oxide, the root of purple-flowered peucedanum, golden cypress are mixed according to mass ratio 1:1:2:3, radix bupleuri, mulberries are crushed into 80-120 order powder, described sterilizing pesticide layer is that the bark of official magnolia, sweet wormwood, shaddock ped, radix scrophulariae, balloonflower root, earthworm, Herba Andrographitis are mixed according to mass ratio 4:2:5:7:7:5:6, through three floodings, leaching liquor is heated to add 0.5 part of CMC after thickness again, the pulvis of dry rear gained; Described base manure is the base manure obtaining after urea, rock phosphate, potassium sulfate are mixed according to mass ratio 8:5:18, the short layer rhizogenous of described insulation is that ash, described coatings are any one in sulphur dressing, resin dressing or urease inhibitors dressing, described auxiliary coalescents layer be lignin, potassium fulvate, modified starch, tpn wetting powder, water according to the solution of mass ratio 3:5:1:0.3:30-50 preparation, through spray dry after film forming.
A, borax, zinc oxide, the root of purple-flowered peucedanum, golden cypress are sprayed to auxiliary coalescents stir, through granulating disc granulation, obtain micro-fat sandwich layer, the size of micro-fat sandwich layer is diameter 5-6mm;
After B, micro-fat sandwich layer are dried, outside sprinkling assists coalescents as bonding agent, the sticky outside that is rolled in micro-fat sandwich layer of the pulvis again bark of official magnolia, sweet wormwood, shaddock ped, radix scrophulariae, balloonflower root, earthworm, Herba Andrographitis being made, then spray again auxiliary coalescents, drying and forming-film after 3-5 minute, in the outside of micro-fat sandwich layer, form sterilizing pesticide layer, standby; The thickness of sterilizing pesticide layer is 3-4mm,
C, step B gains are sprayed and assisted into after film preparation, make to assist into film preparation as bonding agent, spray the sticky base manure that rolls for one time one time, repeatedly operate 4-5 time, when the base manure thickness of fertile outer core is 3-6 times of micro-fat sandwich layer diameter only, spray auxiliary coalescents, drying and forming-film after 3-5 minute, has formed base manure layer in sterilizing pesticide layer outside;
D, by step C beyond the region of objective existence portion spray and to assist into after film preparation, make to assist into film preparation as bonding agent, spray a sticky tumbleweed wood ash one time, repeatedly operate 2-3 time, when being 2-5 times of micro-fat sandwich layer diameter, the thickness that makes ash only, spraying auxiliary coalescents, drying and forming-film after 3-5 minute, in base manure layer outside, formed the short layer rhizogenous of insulation
E, use coating material, according to the method for making of fertilizer coating in prior art, in the outside coatings that forms of step D gains, the particle size obtaining is 40mm, makes multilayer coating controlled-release fertilizer.(any dressing parcel of sulphur dressing, resin dressing or urease inhibitors dressing Controlled Release Fertilizer is prior art, and this step is according to routine techniques preparation)
Above-mentioned example is executed kind of a plot, Linyi, and 100 mu, during sowing, companion's kind of fertilising, far away apart from seed 3-5cm during fertilising, 2 of every strain placement of multiple layers coating controlled-release fertilizers.2 fertilizer are positioned over the both sides of plant, between adjacent two plant, place one.3900 kilograms of per mu yields.(using 2700 kilograms of this plot average yield per mus of common fertilizer).
From saving labor cost, traditional fertilizer need to be applied fertilizer at least 3 times, and the application's special fertilizer only need be accompanied kind of a sowing operation, has greatly saved labor cost.Advantage of the present invention is: proportioning is simple, easy to use, and curative effect is long, and slowly-releasing discharges, comprehensive nutrition, and can make potato alkaloid effectively reduce.Be specially:
The present invention is Controlled Release Fertilizer but not slow-release fertilizer, Controlled Release Fertilizer is the fertilizer that adopts polymer coating, micropore on film only has hundreds of nanometer conventionally, liquid water cannot pass through film at all, can only enter in film with hydrone form, so except water molecule energy frees in and out in film, fertiliser granulates is completely with outside isolated, and nutrient is got rid of outside film by the osmotic pressure of film.So the release speed of nutrient is only relevant with the hole of membrane micropore with the movement velocity of hydrone, after a kind of Controlled Release Fertilizer is manured into soil (micropore is set), only relevant with hydrone movement velocity, and the movement velocity of hydrone depends on temperature.The release of the Controlled Release Fertilizers such as the microorganism of soil, pH value is without any impact.After common incorporation of fertilizerin the soil, soon cause nutrient excess owing to discharging early stage, and plant cannot absorb in a short time completely, causes a large amount of nutrients to be accumulated in soil, easily volatilization, rainy leaching loss; Permeate the ground; Or soil fixing, so fertilizer average utilization only has 35% left and right, and the later stage lacks nutrient.Controlled Release Fertilizer is actually takes the later stage the nutrient saving of not using in early stage and is supplied to plant, has reduced decomposition and the soil fixing of leaching loss, microorganism simultaneously, is equivalent to bit by bit ceaselessly to plant, engross.Therefore, the nearly root of fertilizer of the present invention is used, and the highest fertilizer efficiency availability can reach more than 86.2%.Controlled Release Fertilizer is actually a kind of 24 hours all at the nutrient discharging, and discharges speed and depends on temperature, and day temperature is high to be discharged soon, and the low release of temperature in evening is slow, and plant when to be also day temperature high photosynthesis strong.
The release profiles of Controlled Release Fertilizer of the present invention is the release profiles of " S ", this is ideal curve, common this fertilizer discharges very slow in earlier stage, later stage discharges accelerates, realizing S release has two kinds of modes, and a kind of material dressing is very thick, and the performance of coating material own is not strong, later stage dressing expands or spreading, and micropore or hole increase.S type curve is the favorite nutrient release profiles of plant growth, and plant is during seedling stage, few to nutrient demand in earlier stage, along with the quickening of growth, the demand of nutrient is accelerated thereupon, and therefore, the release profiles of S type is ideal curve.
The present invention has improved a times of utilization rate of fertilizer and has had a surplus, and loss of nitrogenous fertilizer rate significantly reduces, and can save nitrogen fertilizer amount 30%-50%.Reduce fertilizer application frequency simultaneously, save labour.Only need companion's kind of fertilising once, the disposable fertilizer of selling is in the market essentially quick-acting Gao Dan type composite fertilizer, exist seedling stage prosperous length or the later stage take off fertile risk.And the fertilizer of invention is at the release mode of the potato season of growth (knot potato), fertilizer nutrient release rule and crop nutrition content are absorbed consistent, single fertilization meets the potato demand in whole growth season.In addition, the application with micro-fertilizer (boron and zinc element), in knot potato phase onset, meanwhile, botanical pesticide (pulvis prepared by the extract of the bark of official magnolia, sweet wormwood, shaddock ped, radix scrophulariae, balloonflower root, earthworm, Herba Andrographitis) is in knot potato phase onset, the potato supplement trace nutrition of giving the knot potato phase in the time of Pesticidal and sterilizing, the effect of increasing income is remarkable, more conventional fertilizer volume increase 35-44%, passes through analysis data in addition, finds the more conventional reduction of the alkaloid 30-40% of potato.
Claims (1)
1. a using method for multilayer coating controlled-release fertilizer, is characterized in that, in accordance with the following steps operation:
During sowing, companion's kind of fertilising, far away apart from seed 3-8cm during fertilising, every strain placement of multiple layers coating controlled-release fertilizer 2-5;
It is 1:1.2 that companion adds ash, the mass ratio of seed and ash while planting;
Described multilayer coating controlled-release fertilizer comprises, micro-fat sandwich layer is the micro-fertilizer obtaining after borax, zinc oxide, the root of purple-flowered peucedanum, golden cypress are mixed according to mass ratio 1:1:2:3, radix bupleuri, mulberries are crushed into 80-120 order powder, sterilizing pesticide layer, for the bark of official magnolia, sweet wormwood, shaddock ped, radix scrophulariae, balloonflower root, earthworm, Herba Andrographitis are mixed according to mass ratio 4:2:5:7:7:5:6, through three floodings, leaching liquor is heated to add 0.5 part of CMC after thickness again, the pulvis of dry rear gained; Base manure layer, the base manure obtaining after being mixed according to mass ratio 8:5:18 for urea, rock phosphate, potassium sulfate, the short layer rhizogenous of described insulation is ash, coatings, for any one in sulphur dressing, resin dressing or urease inhibitors dressing, auxiliary coalescents layer, for lignin, potassium fulvate, modified starch, tpn wetting powder, water are according to the solution of mass ratio 3:5:1:0.3:30-50 preparation, through spray dry after film forming.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106106434A (en) * | 2016-06-28 | 2016-11-16 | 咸宁市农业科学院 | A kind of method storing cucumber seeds |
| CN110183287A (en) * | 2019-05-22 | 2019-08-30 | 武汉亚非种业有限公司 | A kind of broccoli Special basal fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN111056883A (en) * | 2019-12-05 | 2020-04-24 | 广东拉多美化肥有限公司 | Coating agent, preparation method thereof and coated compound fertilizer |
| CN112005835A (en) * | 2020-08-26 | 2020-12-01 | 广东碧然美景观艺术有限公司 | Cultivation method for improving ornamental value of garlic vines |
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2014
- 2014-07-30 CN CN201410368348.6A patent/CN104186077A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106106434A (en) * | 2016-06-28 | 2016-11-16 | 咸宁市农业科学院 | A kind of method storing cucumber seeds |
| CN110183287A (en) * | 2019-05-22 | 2019-08-30 | 武汉亚非种业有限公司 | A kind of broccoli Special basal fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN111056883A (en) * | 2019-12-05 | 2020-04-24 | 广东拉多美化肥有限公司 | Coating agent, preparation method thereof and coated compound fertilizer |
| CN112005835A (en) * | 2020-08-26 | 2020-12-01 | 广东碧然美景观艺术有限公司 | Cultivation method for improving ornamental value of garlic vines |
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Application publication date: 20141210 |