CN104181611A - Mine working face top board and bottom board mining breaking fracture development dynamic monitoring method - Google Patents

Mine working face top board and bottom board mining breaking fracture development dynamic monitoring method Download PDF

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CN104181611A
CN104181611A CN201410428556.0A CN201410428556A CN104181611A CN 104181611 A CN104181611 A CN 104181611A CN 201410428556 A CN201410428556 A CN 201410428556A CN 104181611 A CN104181611 A CN 104181611A
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working face
exploration hole
hole
floor
workplace
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CN104181611B (en
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魏久传
肖乐乐
牛超
尹会永
郭建斌
谢道雷
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Shandong University of Science and Technology
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Shandong University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of mine working face top board and bottom board mining fracture detection and relates to a mine working face top board and bottom board mining breaking fracture development dynamic monitoring method. The method includes the steps that firstly, mine working face mining surrounding rock numerical values are simulated, and according to a numerical simulation calculation result and the working face top board and bottom board plastic range distribution condition, a working face tunnel is constructed and drilled, and three sets of fracture development dynamic detection holes are formed; secondly, surrounding rock fracture dynamic monitoring detection holes for construction are used, electrodes, tunnel electrodes and measuring lines in the detection holes are distributed, and data of a working face are acquired through a data acquisition transmission line; thirdly, a physical geography model is established and forward and inversion of the data are conducted; finally, mine working face top board and bottom board mining breaking fractures are analyzed. According to the method, the monitoring process is simple, operation is convenient, construction is safe, design is rigorous, the structure is reasonable, underground construction is convenient, and data acquisition efficiency is high.

Description

A kind of mine working face roof and floor is adopted and is destroyed cranny development dynamic monitoring method
Technical field:
The invention belongs to mine working face roof and floor mining-induced fissure Detection Techniques field, relate to a kind of mine working face roof and floor of surveying based on resistivity and adopt destruction cranny development dynamic monitoring method.
Background technology:
Along with the exploitation of coal resources, Chinese coal mining depth is shifted to deep by superficial part; Coal bases by, east shifts to western, the northwestward gradually, for coal seam, deep resource exploitation, tectonic structure and hydrogeology are increasingly sophisticated, rock pressure [in mine, mining-induced stress continue to increase the collapse dept of base plate, Water Inrush problem is day by day serious; For Ningxia, Western Ordos Basin, Shaanxi and coal seam, Xinjiang, Roof Rock Strata of Coal Seam mostly is the mud stone that mechanical properties of rock is partially soft, glutenite and the sandstone composition partially hard with mechanical properties of rock, because the absciss layer water in four-tape theory on coal seam, upper three will become its top board gushing water key factor with the glutenite water in theory, and key factor-mining-induced fissure development height and the degree of depth in roof and floor gushing water problem becomes the important content of research mechanism of water inrush.
At present, the main method that Seam Mining cranny development is surveyed has boring double-end sealing leak detection method, supersonic sounding, borehole imaging method and geophysical prospecting method, wherein ultrasonic detection method is only applicable to exist in seat earth boring the situation of water, water is wherein as ultrasonic wave-coupled medium, but for not there is not bottom plate hole or the top board water guide crack observation port of water, the method cannot be constructed; The detection principle of borehole imaging method is the imaging of borehole camera head, only can infer the cranny development degree of whole rock stratum by the hole cranny development of country rock crag of observation; The in the situation that of there is muddy water, high-temperature steam in boring, borehole imaging cannot be observed equally; In geophysical prospecting method, using more is boring resistivity method, by the hole electrical property feature of country rock of measurement, utilize the corresponding relation between crack-resistivity, be finally inversed by the characteristics of fracture development of whole rock stratum, but the method survey line is all positioned at boring, cannot mutually measure with digging tunnel, form, dynamic evolution to mining-induced fissure all cannot be realized; Double-end sealing leak detection method is to survey at present the most practical, the comprehensive means in water guide crack, by the water filling to closed section, utilize the corresponding relation between water injection rate-cranny development degree, survey the development degree of mining-induced fissure, but the method site operation needs corresponding water, air pipe line, also cannot present dynamically the developmental morphology of mining-induced fissure, particularly for the higher boring of top board cranny development, due to the existence of hydrostatic force, water injecting pipeline is owing to relying on drilling rod to realize, and the closure of water injecting pipeline hinders the detection to thick seam water flowing fractured zone; Grow darker observation port for base plate mining-induced fissure, due to the existence of hydrostatic force, cause water injection pressure higher equally, air bag closure becomes the main bugbear that affects accuracy of observation.In sum, existing Seam Mining cranny development detection method all has its corresponding limitation.
Summary of the invention:
The object of the invention is to overcome the shortcoming that prior art exists, provide a kind of workplace roof and floor of surveying based on resistivity to adopt and destroy cranny development dynamic monitoring method, utilize high density DC electrical method technology, in conjunction with air bag closure principle, make, by utilizing the effectively developmental morphology to workplace roof and floor crack, rule real-time monitored of DC electrical method, roof and floor gushing water to be carried out to effective early warning simultaneously.
To achieve these goals, the present invention includes that mine working face adopts that country rock numerical simulation, mine working face roof and floor mining-induced fissure dynamic monitoring drilling design and construction, monitoring hole that electrical dynamic measuring, geophysical model are set up and data FORWARD AND INVERSE PROBLEMS and mine working face roof and floor are adopted and destroyed crack analysis five steps, its concrete observation process is:
(1), mine working face is adopted country rock numerical simulation: according to the existing borehole data of mine, gather Adjacent Working Face adjoining rock rock sample, and rock sample is carried out to three axle rock mechanics experiments, obtain rock mechanics parameters, by the rock mechanics parameters obtaining for workplace roof and floor surrounding rock failure numerical simulation calculation; Carry out numerical simulation according to the actual geology of mine working face and hydrogeological situation, and workplace adjoining rock is subject to mining influence and the elastoplasticity region of growing is analyzed;
(2), mine working face roof and floor mining-induced fissure dynamic monitoring drilling design and construction: the numerical simulation calculation result obtaining according to step (1), again according to workplace roof and floor plastic region distribution situation, in roadway workface, construction is bored nest and is arranged three groups of cranny development dynamic instrumentation holes, every group of cranny development dynamic monitoring hole is made up of four exploration holes, wherein top board exploration hole is two, and the angle of inclination of a top board exploration hole is greater than the angle of inclination of another top board exploration hole; Base plate exploration hole is similarly two, and the angle of inclination of a base plate exploration hole is greater than the angle of inclination of another base plate exploration hole; , boring plagioclase and angle are taking numerical simulation as foundation;
(3), the electrical dynamic measuring of exploration hole: the wall-rock crack dynamic monitoring exploration hole that utilizes construction, electrode, tunnel electrode and survey line in exploration hole are arranged, in each exploration hole, all arrange a survey line, monitoring is provided with data acquisition transmission line and electrode in hole; In tunnel, arrange continuously three surveys line; After arrangement of measuring-line completes, by data acquisition transmission line, workplace is carried out to data acquisition, the every propelling of workplace 10m all carries out electrical data acquisition to survey line;
(4), geophysical model is set up and data FORWARD AND INVERSE PROBLEMS: the electrical data of exploration hole that collect according to step (3), and in conjunction with geology, hydrogeology and the Geophysical Properties of workplace adjoining rock, set up dipping bed spheroidal earth physical model, in order to increase workplace roof and floor mining-induced fissure response sensitivity, improve crack resolution characteristic; And utilize the dipping bed spheroidal earth physical model of setting up to build the forward simulation program based on existing ansys software and the inversion program based on Gauss-plan Newton method;
(5), mine working face roof and floor is adopted and is destroyed crack analysis: in conjunction with affecting workplace roof and floor mining-induced fissure developmental factors, according to the dynamic monitor result, to workplace roof and floor cranny development rule, form, top board emits and splits band development height, base plate mining-induced fissure Growth Depth is analyzed, simultaneously, utilize upper three band theory and lower four-tape theories, analyze the watery in roof and floor water-bearing zone, relative water resisting layer thickness, mutual relationship between mining-induced fissure growth etc., to roof and floor water damage occurrence type, threaten degree and water yield are evaluated, ensure the safe back production of workplace.
Rock mechanics parameters of the present invention comprises size (being mainly the span L of workplace), drawing speed, workplace roof and floor rock lithology, coal mining thickness and the adjoining rock rock mechanics parameters of workplace.
Top board exploration hole of the present invention and base plate exploration hole are separately positioned in the brill nest in workplace track lane and belt lane, the aperture of top board exploration hole and base plate exploration hole is 85mm, wherein top board exploration hole is 150m in the projected length in workplace track lane, and maximum hole depth is no more than 200m; Base plate exploration hole is 150m in the projected length in belt lane, and maximum vertical depth is 30m.
Survey line of the present invention adopts high-density resistivity survey line, electrode in top board exploration hole and base plate exploration hole adopts ring electrode, pole layout adopts plugging device, shutoff medium is gas or water, shutoff pressure 1MP, the air bag of plugging device is fixed on pipeline, pipeline is the sealing pipeline of PVC material, air bag is injected shutoff medium by pneumatopyle, the expansion of plenum space makes ring electrode contact with the hole wall of exploration hole, and ring electrode is connected the transmission of carrying out data by electrode connecting line and connecting line with helical multi-core cable; Plenum space adopts the aerating device being made up of Aerating needle and proofed sleeve to inflate, the multiple air bags of aerating device are separate, while avoiding exploration hole collapse hole, cause air bag entirety reveal and ring electrode cannot be contacted with the hole wall of exploration hole, helical multi-core cable is the connecting line of ring electrode and external acquisition instrument, when its helical structure is avoided collapse hole, pulls apart; Helical multi-core cable adopts lobe type Seal Design while picking out pipeline, lobe type sealing-plug is buckled in the jack of pipeline, and sealing shroud is by helical multi-core cable and lobe type sealing-plug fixing seal; Electrode separation in top board exploration hole and base plate exploration hole is 5m, arranges number of electrodes according to the plagioclase of exploration hole, and the survey line length being laid in lane, workplace road is 450m, and electrode separation is similarly 5m; While carrying out data acquisition, adopt existing two utmost point data collectors, three utmost point data collectors, dipole equatorial data collector, several data harvester is comprehensively rejected spurious anomaly, improves detection accuracy.
The present invention compared with prior art, can carry out real-time dynamic monitoring to form, the law of development of adopting Seam Roof And Floor cranny development, solves the limitation to Seam Mining crack Detection Techniques in the past, expands cranny development detection application environment; Its monitoring technique is simple, easy to operate, and construction safety designs rigorously, rational in infrastructure, and underground construction is convenient, and data acquisition efficiency is high.
Brief description of the drawings:
Fig. 1 is that mine working face roof and floor mining-induced fissure of the present invention is grown dynamic monitoring principle schematic, and wherein 101 is top board exploration hole, and 102 is base plate exploration hole, and 103 is roadway floor survey line.
Fig. 2 is arrangement of measuring-line structural principle schematic diagram of the present invention, and wherein 101 is top board exploration hole, and 102 is base plate exploration hole, and 103 is roadway floor survey line, and 104 is electrode position.
Fig. 3 is exploration hole arrangement principle schematic of the present invention, and wherein 105 is top board exploration hole 1#, and 106 is top board exploration hole 2#, and 107 is goaf, and 108 is tunnel, and 109 for boring nest.
Fig. 4 is electrode structure principle schematic of the present invention, comprising pneumatopyle 114, ring electrode 115, air bag 116 and helical multi-core cable 117.
Fig. 5 is electrode cross section structure principle schematic of the present invention, comprising ring electrode 115, air bag 116 and helical multi-core cable 117, electrode connecting line 121, plenum space 122, Aerating needle 123, proofed sleeve 124 and connecting line 125.
Fig. 6 is helical multi-core cable seal pore structure principle schematic of the present invention, comprising helical multi-core cable 117, lobe type sealing-plug 118, sealing shroud 119 and pipeline 120.
Fig. 7 is the dipping bed spheroidal earth physics forward model schematic diagram that the present invention sets up, comprising model meshes node 110,1 model boundary 111, model unit border 112 and model unit 113.
Embodiment:
Below by embodiment, also the invention will be further described by reference to the accompanying drawings.
Embodiment:
The present embodiment mainly comprises that mine working face adopts that country rock numerical simulation, mine working face roof and floor mining-induced fissure dynamic monitoring drilling design and construction, monitoring hole that electrical dynamic measuring, geophysical model are set up and data FORWARD AND INVERSE PROBLEMS and mine working face roof and floor are adopted and destroyed crack analysis five steps:
(1) mine working face is adopted country rock numerical simulation
Adopt greatly thick, large span because current workplace is, combine the production techniques such as skill of knocking off, mining-induced fissure development mechanism in the past all cannot be to the growth scope of mining-induced fissure, adopt country rock elastoplasticity region estimates, therefore utilize mine exploratory hole core in the past, carry out three axle rock mechanics experiments, and carry out numerical simulation calculation according to the rock mechanics parameters obtaining; When to workplace roof and floor mining-induced fissure, numerical simulation is carried out in growth, add to combine at present to adopt and combine and the major influence factors of production practice to cranny development such as put, comprise the size (being mainly the span L of workplace) of workplace, drawing speed, workplace roof and floor rock lithology, coal mining thickness, adjoining rock rock mechanics parameters etc., by adding the above parameter that affects, adjoining rock cranny development simulation precision is significantly improved, more effectively instruct the construction in dynamic monitoring hole;
(2) drilling well workplace roof and floor mining-induced fissure dynamic monitoring hole construction
According to numerical simulation calculation result, bore accordingly three groups of cranny development dynamic monitoring holes of the interior use of nest 109 in mine working face track lane and belt lane, every group of cranny development dynamic monitoring hole is made up of four monitoring holes, wherein top board exploration hole 101 is two, a low angle (top board exploration hole 2#106), a high angle (top board exploration hole 1#105); Base plate exploration hole 102 is similarly two, a low angle, and a high angle, and arrange high-density electric survey line, after having arranged, the every propelling of workplace 10m, carries out data acquisition; Wherein the aperture in roof and floor crack dynamic monitoring hole is 85mm, and wherein top board exploration hole 101 is 150m in tunnel projected length, and maximum hole depth is no more than 200m, and angle and hole depth are defined as numerical simulation for instructing; Base plate exploration hole 102 is 150m in tunnel projected length, and maximum vertical depth is 30m, and boring plagioclase and angle are taking numerical simulation as guidance;
(3) drilling well workplace roof and floor mining-induced fissure dynamic monitoring
After the construction of roof and floor mining-induced fissure observation port, arrange dynamic monitoring high-density resistivity survey line, in exploration hole arrangement of electrodes adopt gas the stifled contact device of water seal, and plugging device seals separately, both ensured that electrode contacted with hole wall tightly, guaranteed again that collapse hole caused whole air bag gas leakage; Transmission line in pipeline adopts screw, in case dynamic monitoring holes causes transmission line fracture while caving in;
Electrode in top board exploration hole 101 and base plate exploration hole 102 adopts ring electrode 115, pole layout adopts plugging device, shutoff medium is gas or water, shutoff pressure 1MP, the air bag 116 of plugging device is fixed on pipeline 120, pipeline 120 is the sealing pipeline of PVC material, air bag 116 is injected shutoff medium by pneumatopyle 114, the expansion of plenum space 122 makes ring electrode 115 contact with the hole wall of exploration hole, and ring electrode 115 is connected by electrode connecting line 121 and connecting line 125 transmission of carrying out data respectively with helical multi-core cable 117; Plenum space 122 adopts the aerating device being made up of Aerating needle 123 and proofed sleeve 124 to inflate, the multiple air bags 116 of aerating device are separate, while avoiding exploration hole collapse hole, cause air bag 116 entirety reveal and ring electrode 115 cannot be contacted with the hole wall of exploration hole, helical multi-core cable 117 is the connecting line of ring electrode 115 and external acquisition instrument, when its helical structure is avoided collapse hole, pulls apart; Spiral helical multi-core cable 117 adopts lobe type Seal Design while picking out pipeline 120, lobe type sealing-plug 118 is buckled in the jack of pipeline 120, and sealing shroud 119 is by helical multi-core cable 117 and lobe type sealing-plug 118 fixing seals; Electrode separation in top board exploration hole 101 and base plate exploration hole 102 is 5m, arranges number of electrodes according to the plagioclase of exploration hole, and the survey line length being laid in lane, workplace road is 450m, and electrode separation is similarly 5m; While carrying out data acquisition, adopt existing two utmost point data collectors, three utmost point data collectors, dipole equatorial data collector, several data harvester is comprehensively rejected spurious anomaly, improves detection accuracy;
(4) the geophysics Forward Modeling and Inversion simulation based on adopting wall rock drill-hole dynamic monitoring
According to the orientation of exposure rock stratum, detection of dynamic hole, set up dipping bed spheroidal earth physical model; Utilize dipping bed spheroidal earth physical model, the forward simulation program of exploitation based on ansys software, the inversion program of exploitation based on Gauss-plan Newton method; Set up dipping bed spheroidal earth physics forward model and be made up of model meshes node 110,1 model boundary 111, model unit border 112 and model unit 113, just drilling software application ansys Finite Element software for calculation for basis, program is just being drilled in exploitation, and program is as follows:
/prep7
k,1,-800
k,2,800
k,3,-800,5
k,4,800,5
k,5,-300,-10
k,6,300,-10
k,7,-300
k,8,300
k,9,-800,-10
k,10,800,-10
k,11,-800,-500
k,12,800,-500
k,13,-800,400
k,14,800,400
k,15,100,40
k,16,120,40
k,17,100,80
k,18,120,80
a,1,2,4,3
a,5,6,8,7
a,1,9,5,7
a,6,10,2,8
a,9,11,12,10
a,3,4,14,13
a,15,17,18,16
aovlap,all
aglue,all
numcmp,area
save
This program is just being drilled mining-induced fissure and is being destroyed characteristics of distribution of geophysi-cal fields, be convenient to follow-up Inversion Calculation, data processing adopts the inversion theory based on Gauss-plan Newton method, by dwindling the error between forward model and image data, finally determines inverse model;
(5) mine working face roof and floor is adopted and is destroyed crack data interpretation
By dynamic monitoring, rule and developing stratum that analytical work face roof and floor wall-rock crack is grown, utilize upper three band theories, lower four-tape theory, analyze the mutual relationship between the watery, relative water resisting layer thickness, mining-induced fissure growth etc. in roof and floor water-bearing zone, evaluate roof and floor gushing water hazard assessment, the safe back production of safeguard work face.

Claims (4)

1. a mine working face roof and floor is adopted and is destroyed cranny development dynamic monitoring method, it is characterized in that comprising that mine working face adopts that country rock numerical simulation, mine working face roof and floor mining-induced fissure dynamic monitoring drilling design and construction, monitoring hole that electrical dynamic measuring, geophysical model are set up and data FORWARD AND INVERSE PROBLEMS and mine working face roof and floor are adopted and destroyed crack analysis five steps, its concrete observation process is:
(1), mine working face is adopted country rock numerical simulation: according to the existing borehole data of mine, gather Adjacent Working Face adjoining rock rock sample, and rock sample is carried out to three axle rock mechanics experiments, obtain rock mechanics parameters, by the rock mechanics parameters obtaining for workplace roof and floor surrounding rock failure numerical simulation calculation; Carry out numerical simulation according to the actual geology of mine working face and hydrogeological situation, and workplace adjoining rock is subject to mining influence and the elastoplasticity region of growing is analyzed;
(2), mine working face roof and floor mining-induced fissure dynamic monitoring drilling design and construction: the numerical simulation calculation result obtaining according to step (1), again according to workplace roof and floor plastic region distribution situation, in roadway workface, construction is bored nest and is arranged three groups of cranny development dynamic instrumentation holes, every group of cranny development dynamic monitoring hole is made up of four exploration holes, wherein top board exploration hole is two, and the angle of inclination of a top board exploration hole is greater than the angle of inclination of another top board exploration hole; Base plate exploration hole is similarly two, and the angle of inclination of a base plate exploration hole is greater than the angle of inclination of another base plate exploration hole; , boring plagioclase and angle are taking numerical simulation as foundation;
(3), the electrical dynamic measuring of exploration hole: the wall-rock crack dynamic monitoring exploration hole that utilizes construction, electrode, tunnel electrode and survey line in exploration hole are arranged, in each exploration hole, all arrange a survey line, monitoring is provided with data acquisition transmission line and electrode in hole; In tunnel, arrange continuously three surveys line; After arrangement of measuring-line completes, by data acquisition transmission line, workplace is carried out to data acquisition, the every propelling of workplace 10m all carries out electrical data acquisition to survey line;
(4), geophysical model is set up and data FORWARD AND INVERSE PROBLEMS: the electrical data of exploration hole that collect according to step (3), and in conjunction with geology, hydrogeology and the Geophysical Properties of workplace adjoining rock, set up dipping bed spheroidal earth physical model, in order to increase workplace roof and floor mining-induced fissure response sensitivity, improve crack resolution characteristic; And utilize the dipping bed spheroidal earth physical model of setting up to build the forward simulation program based on existing ansys software and the inversion program based on Gauss-plan Newton method;
(5), mine working face roof and floor is adopted and is destroyed crack analysis: in conjunction with affecting workplace roof and floor mining-induced fissure developmental factors, according to the dynamic monitor result, to workplace roof and floor cranny development rule, form, top board emits and splits band development height, base plate mining-induced fissure Growth Depth is analyzed, simultaneously, utilize upper three band theory and lower four-tape theories, analyze the watery in roof and floor water-bearing zone, relative water resisting layer thickness, mutual relationship between mining-induced fissure growth etc., to roof and floor water damage occurrence type, threaten degree and water yield are evaluated, ensure the safe back production of workplace.
2. mine working face roof and floor according to claim 1 is adopted and is destroyed cranny development dynamic monitoring method, it is characterized in that described rock mechanics parameters comprises size, drawing speed, workplace roof and floor rock lithology, coal mining thickness and the adjoining rock rock mechanics parameters of workplace.
3. mine working face roof and floor according to claim 1 is adopted and is destroyed cranny development dynamic monitoring method, it is characterized in that described top board exploration hole and base plate exploration hole are separately positioned in the brill nest in workplace track lane and belt lane, the aperture of top board exploration hole and base plate exploration hole is 85mm, wherein top board exploration hole is 150m in the projected length in workplace track lane, and maximum hole depth is no more than 200m; Base plate exploration hole is 150m in the projected length in belt lane, and maximum vertical depth is 30m.
4. mine working face roof and floor according to claim 1 is adopted and is destroyed cranny development dynamic monitoring method, it is characterized in that described survey line adopts high-density resistivity survey line, electrode in top board exploration hole and base plate exploration hole adopts ring electrode, pole layout adopts plugging device, shutoff medium is gas or water, shutoff pressure 1MP, the air bag of plugging device is fixed on pipeline, pipeline is the sealing pipeline of PVC material, air bag is injected shutoff medium by pneumatopyle, the expansion of plenum space makes ring electrode contact with the hole wall of exploration hole, ring electrode is connected the transmission of carrying out data by electrode connecting line and connecting line with helical multi-core cable, plenum space adopts the aerating device being made up of Aerating needle and proofed sleeve to inflate, the multiple air bags of aerating device are separate, while avoiding exploration hole collapse hole, cause air bag entirety reveal and ring electrode cannot be contacted with the hole wall of exploration hole, helical multi-core cable is the connecting line of ring electrode and external acquisition instrument, when its helical structure is avoided collapse hole, pulls apart, helical multi-core cable adopts lobe type Seal Design while picking out pipeline, lobe type sealing-plug is buckled in the jack of pipeline, and sealing shroud is by helical multi-core cable and lobe type sealing-plug fixing seal, electrode separation in top board exploration hole and base plate exploration hole is 5m, arranges number of electrodes according to the plagioclase of exploration hole, and the survey line length being laid in lane, workplace road is 450m, and electrode separation is similarly 5m, while carrying out data acquisition, adopt existing two utmost point data collectors, three utmost point data collectors, dipole equatorial data collector, several data harvester is comprehensively rejected spurious anomaly, improves detection accuracy.
CN201410428556.0A 2014-08-28 2014-08-28 A kind of mine working face roof and floor Mining failure cranny development dynamic monitoring method Expired - Fee Related CN104181611B (en)

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