CN105759010B - A kind of dynamic monitoring of mining influence tunnel and Stability Assessment method - Google Patents
A kind of dynamic monitoring of mining influence tunnel and Stability Assessment method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of dynamic monitoring of mining influence tunnel and Stability Assessment method, comprise the following steps：Step 1, high-precision Microseismic monitoring system and endoscope are installed；Step 2, data before collection mining influence：Step 3, data acquisition after collection mining influence：Specific implementation step is identical with step 2；Step 4, Stability Analysis of The Surrounding Rock：Energy, the number of times of country rock rupture and the rock crusher degree ruptured based on the forward and backward country rock rupture location of mining influence, country rock, is calculated obtain country rock rupture scope increase rate, country rock energy of rupture increase rate, country rock Surface Rupture Events bulk density increase rate and rock crusher degree increase rate respectively；Step 5, digging laneway stability quantitative assessment below mining influence coal column：Each surrounding rock evaluation value obtained based on step 4, using weight analysis method, sets up mining influence digging laneway stability quantitative assessing index, and quantitative assessment is carried out to mining influence digging laneway.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to security technology area in underground engineering, more particularly to a kind of mining influence tunnel dynamic monitoring with it is steady
Determine evaluation method.
Background technology
With coal superficial part resource exhaustion, coal mining is gradually to deep deepening, and crustal stress increases therewith, and tunnel unstability is tight
Weight, threatens the life security of underground work personnel, affects colliery and normally produce, therefore the stability in tunnel turns into colliery
The key of safe efficient production.
Below coal column during tunnelling, the mining pressure that top working face extraction is produced is produced to lower section digging laneway
Raw influence, causes Surrounding Rock Strength to reduce, and digging laneway deflection is big, support unit failure, and what top working face extraction was produced adopts
Dynamic pressure directly affects the stability and the intensity of country rock of lower section digging laneway, therefore tunnel below mining influence coal column is dug
Quantitatively detected during entering, instruct site operation, optimize roadway support parameter.
There are following problems in prior art：
First, the stability of digging laneway and the rupture scope of country rock can not be true below coal column during overlying working face extraction
It is fixed.
2nd, there are not the dynamic monitoring of mining influence tunnel and Stability Assessment method also at present.
3rd, in Practical Project, the stress that working face is tunneled under the stress and coal column of overlying working face extraction is common to enclosing
Rock is acted on, and the destructive characteristics of country rock directly affect roadway deformation under complex stress condition, at present domestic and international mining influence tunnel
Dynamic monitoring and Stability Assessment technique study are rarely seen.
The content of the invention
In consideration of it, to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a kind of dynamic monitoring of mining influence tunnel and Stability Assessment side
Method, passes through high-precision Microseismic monitoring system and inspection instrument for borehole, the accurate stability for judging digging laneway.
To achieve the above object, the present invention is adopted the following technical scheme that.
A kind of dynamic monitoring of mining influence tunnel and Stability Assessment method, comprise the following steps：
Step 1, high-precision Microseismic monitoring system and endoscope are installed；
Step 2, data before collection mining influence：
Digging laneway below coal column is monitored using high-precision Microseismic monitoring system, the position of record country rock rupture,
Energy and number of times；
Record by imaging instrument is spied on using drilling to be spied on, the degree of rock crusher is recorded, by country rock from inside to outside successively
It is divided into complete section, more complete area, compared with fracture area and fracture area；
Step 3, data acquisition after collection mining influence：Specific implementation step is identical with step 2；
Step 4, Stability Analysis of The Surrounding Rock：The energy ruptured based on the forward and backward country rock rupture location of mining influence, country rock
Amount, the number of times of country rock rupture and rock crusher degree, calculate and obtain country rock rupture scope increase rate, country rock energy of rupture and carry respectively
High rate, country rock Surface Rupture Events bulk density increase rate and rock crusher degree increase rate；
Step 5, digging laneway stability quantitative assessment below mining influence coal column：Each country rock obtained based on step 4 is commented
Value, using weight analysis method, sets up mining influence digging laneway stability quantitative assessing index, to mining influence digging laneway
Carry out quantitative assessment.
In step 1, high-precision Microseismic monitoring system includes sensor, data acquisition substation, microseismic system main frame and ground
Aggregation of data Treatment Analysis system；3 sensors are installed by the left side of digging laneway below coal column, and right shoulder installs 3 sensors, point
Not Cai Ji country rock destruction signals, each sensor is transformed into analog electrical signal after receiving microseismic signals, passes through data
The electric signal of collection is connected by collection substation by optical fiber with colliery Network Outstation Used, and microseism is transmitted a signal to by colliery network
System host, and electric signal is changed into data signal by ground data integrated treatment analysis system, and to data signal processing at
Reason, to realize the positioning to microseismic event, the acquisition of event argument.
Described top stope is with lower section digging laneway before vertical direction is overlapping, and sensor is with heading driver
Make face to move forward successively arrangement, and after top stope is overlapping in vertical direction with lower section driving face, sensor with
The back production for actual mining moves arrangement afterwards successively；
In tunnel, drilling is laid at left side, right side, left shoulder, right shoulder and top, is spied on and enclosed in the borehole using endoscope
Rock, records the broken of country rock.
In step 2, country rock energy of rupture calculation formula is D=A before the mining influence11E1+A12E2+A13E3+A14E4+
A15E5+A16E6, wherein A11、A12、A13、A14、A15、A16For coefficient correlation, and A11+A12+A13+A14+A15+A16=1, E1For energy
<10J, E2For 10~100J of energy, E3For 100~1000J of energy, E4For 1000~5000J of energy, E5For energy 5000~
10000J, E6For energy >=10000J.
In step 2, based on country rock rupture number of times before adopting, unit of account volume country rock Surface Rupture Events density, its formula is C
=N/V, wherein N are that country rock ruptures number of times, and V is that country rock ruptures scope volume.
In step 2, the drilling spies on record by imaging instrument by the wall of a borehole country rock planar development, for analyzing surrounding rock failure model
Enclose, country rock degree of crushing calculation formula W=S before mining influence can obtain based on inspection instrument for borehole1+S2+S3+S4, S1、S2、S3、S4
Length when corresponding country rock is complete, more complete, relatively broken and broken respectively.
In step 4, the country rock rupture scope increase rate is R1=(L '-L)/L；The country rock energy of rupture increase rate
R2=(D '-D)/D；Country rock Surface Rupture Events bulk density increase rate R3=(C '-C)/C；Rock crusher degree is carried
High rate
R4=(W '-W)/W, wherein L ', L are respectively country rock rupture scope before and after mining influence；D ', D are respectively to adopt shadow
Country rock energy of rupture before and after ringing, C ', C are respectively country rock rupture time bulk density before and after adopting, and W ', W are respectively to adopt
Rock crusher degree before and after influence.
In step 5, digging laneway stability quantitative assessment below the mining influence coal column obtains adopting by weighting
Influence the comprehensive evaluation index R=∑s H of digging laneway stability below coal columnkRk, and by R values and certain specific tunnel mining influence
Lower Drift stability evaluation effect SS value R0Compare, you can obtain the Drift stability tunneled under mining influence, wherein,
HkFor weight coefficient, k=1,2,3,4, its size should be according to R1~R4Size and reliability and the accuracy of test data carry out
Distribution, meets ∑ Hk=1.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows：
The present invention is using high-precision Microseismic monitoring system and inspection instrument for borehole, to the dynamic monitoring of mining influence tunnel and stably
Property is evaluated, to multiple index comprehensive comparative analyses, it is to avoid because of single index and caused by false judgment, it is ensured that tunnel is steady
The accuracy of qualitative judgement, it is accurate to judge stability of the roadway state so as to comprehensive, and then instruct different times tunnel to have
The supporting scheme design and implementation of body.
Brief description of the drawings
In order to illustrate more clearly about the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, below will be to embodiment or existing
There is the accompanying drawing used required in technology description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are the present invention
Some embodiments, for those of ordinary skill in the art, on the premise of not paying creative work, can also basis
These accompanying drawings obtain other accompanying drawings.
Mining influence tunnel dynamic monitorings and Stability Assessment method flow diagram of the Fig. 1 for the present invention；
Fig. 2 monitors sensor arrangement floor map for the high-precision Microseismic monitoring system of the present invention；
Fig. 3 monitors sensor arrangement diagrammatic cross-section for the high-precision Microseismic monitoring system of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the rock crusher degree schematic diagram shown in the inspection instrument for borehole of the present invention；
Wherein, 1 is digging laneway left portion of side 1 sensor, and 2 be digging laneway left portion of side 2 sensor, and 3 be driving lane
Road left portion of side 3 sensor, 4 be No. 4 sensors of digging laneway right shoulder, and 5 be No. 5 sensors of digging laneway right shoulder, and 6 be pick
Enter No. 6 sensors of tunnel right shoulder, S1For complete country rock length, S2For more complete country rock length, S3For compared with breaking surrounding rock length and
S4For breaking surrounding rock length.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings：
The present invention obtains mining influence based on high-precision Microseismic monitoring system and inspection instrument for borehole technical research means, analysis
Front and rear country rock ruptures scope increase rate, country rock energy of rupture increase rate, country rock Surface Rupture Events bulk density increase rate and enclosed
The parameters such as rock degree of crushing increase rate, and by weight analysis method, mining influence Drift stability comprehensive and quantitative is analyzed, set up
Mining influence Drift stability effect quantitatively evaluation index, can carry out scientific and reasonable evaluate to mining influence Drift stability.
To realize object above, the present invention is adopted the following technical scheme that：
The first step：Roadway surrounding rock monitoring plan design before and after mining influence
According to mine development method, the geological conditions in tunnel, cross dimensions, roadway surrounding rock is monitored before and after design mining influence
Scheme, it is determined that high-precision Microseismic monitoring system arrangement parameter.As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2,6 sensors of roadway layout, left side arrangement 3
Individual sensor, right shoulder arranges 3 sensors；Specially：Digging laneway left portion of side 1 sensor 1, the left portion of side of digging laneway 2
Sensor 2, digging laneway left portion of side 3 sensor 3, No. 4 sensors 4 of digging laneway right shoulder, No. 5 biographies of digging laneway right shoulder
Sensor 5, No. 6 sensors 6, S of digging laneway right shoulder1For complete country rock length, S2For more complete country rock length, S3Relatively to crush
Country rock length and S4For breaking surrounding rock length.
6 sensors gather country rock destruction signals respectively, and each sensor is transformed into after receiving microseismic signals
The electric signal of collection, is connected, passes through colliery by analog electrical signal by data acquisition substation by optical fiber with colliery Network Outstation Used
Network transmits a signal to microseismic system main frame, and electric signal is changed into digital letter by ground data integrated treatment analysis system
Number, and to data signal working process, to realize the positioning to microseismic event, the acquisition of event argument.
In the left portion of side in tunnel, left shoulder, top, right shoulder and right portion of side arrange 6 drillings, and the depth of drilling is 6m, profit
Rock crusher situation is gathered by country rock superficial part to deep successively in the borehole with endoscope.
Second step：Data acquisition before mining influence
Country rock rupture monitoring before A, mining influence.The preceding tunnel of mining influence is gathered in real time using high-precision Microseismic monitoring system
Country rock ruptures in tunneling process position, energy and number of times.
High-precision Microseismic monitoring system gathers the signal that country rock ruptures, data by 6 sensors being arranged in tunnel
Processing system is processed to the country rock destruction signals of collection, realizes the positioning of country rock Surface Rupture Events, determines that country rock ruptures
The number of times of the position of generation, the energy produced during rupture and country rock rupture.
The energy that country rock rupture is produced is divided into 6 grades, E1For energy<10J, E2For 10~100J of energy, E3For energy 100~
1000J, E4For 1000~5000J of energy, E5For 5000~10000J of energy, E6For for energy >=10000J；Country rock energy of rupture
For D=A11E1+A12E2+A13E3+A14E4+A15E5+A16E6, wherein A11、A12、A13、A14、A15、A16For coefficient correlation, and A11+A12
+A13+A14+A15+A16=1；
The distribution situation of analysis collection signal, determines that country rock ruptures range L before mining influence, determines that method is as follows：
6 sensors of arrangement gather the destruction signals of country rock, by the way that data handling system is to destruction signals processing and divides
Analysis, realizes the positioning of country rock Surface Rupture Events, determines in the rupture event of country rock, roadway surrounding rock between the breakdown point of two ends farthest
Distance, that is, determine country rock rupture range L before mining influence；
Country rock destruction signals quantity is counted, unit volume country rock Surface Rupture Events density C=N/V, wherein N is obtained broken for country rock
Number of times is split, V is the volume in the range of country rock ruptures.
Country rock destruction signals, GDHS is imported by signal before the mining influence collected by sensor
In, country rock rupture is positioned, the data of country rock Surface Rupture Events, including country rock rupture quantity, energy etc. is obtained.
V=L × B × H, wherein L are country rock rupture scope before mining influence, and B is country rock rupture width, B before mining influence
Value is the distance between farthest two breakdown points in tunnel, and H is country rock rupture height before mining influence, H values be tunnel highest point with
The distance between lowest part country rock breakdown point.
Inspection instrument for borehole is detected before B, mining influence：Detected using inspection instrument for borehole in country rock, obtain country rock and stand
Body block diagram, rock crusher degree W=S1+S2+S3+S4, S1、S2、S3、S4Corresponding country rock is complete, more complete, relatively broken respectively
Length when broken and broken, as shown in Figure 3；
3rd step：Data acquisition after mining influence
Country rock rupture monitoring after C, mining influence.Tunnel after mining influence is gathered in real time using high-precision Microseismic monitoring system
Country rock ruptures in tunneling process position, energy and number of times.
Country rock energy of rupture situation is D '=A '11E’1+A’12E’2+A’13E’3+A’14E’4+A’15E’5+A’'6E’6, wherein
A’1k(k=1,2,3,4,5,6) are coefficient correlation, and A '11+A’12+A’13+A’14+A’15+A’16=1, wherein, E '1For energy<
10J, E '2For 10~100J of energy, E '3For 100~1000J of energy, E '4For 1000~5000J of energy, E '5For energy 5000~
10000J, E '6For for energy >=10000J；
The distribution situation of country rock rupture is analyzed, determines that country rock ruptures range L after mining influence ', determine that method is as follows：
6 sensors of arrangement gather the destruction signals of country rock, and destruction signals are analyzed by micro seismic monitoring software analysis,
Realize the positioning of country rock Surface Rupture Events, determine in the rupture event of country rock, roadway surrounding rock between the breakdown point of two ends farthest away from
From country rock rupture range L that is, after determination mining influence '；
Country rock destruction signals quantity is counted, unit volume country rock Surface Rupture Events density C '=N '/V ' is obtained, wherein N ' is to enclose
Rock ruptures number of times, and V ' is the volume in the range of country rock ruptures.
Country rock destruction signals, GDHS is imported by signal before the mining influence collected by sensor
In, country rock rupture is positioned, the data of country rock Surface Rupture Events, including country rock rupture quantity, energy etc. is obtained.
V '=L ' × B ' × H ', wherein L ' are country rock rupture scope after mining influence, and B ' is country rock rupture after mining influence
Width, B ' values are the distance between farthest two breakdown points in tunnel, and H ' is country rock rupture height after mining influence, and H ' values are tunnel
The distance between highest point and lowest part country rock breakdown point.
Inspection instrument for borehole is detected after D, mining influence：Detected using inspection instrument for borehole in country rock, obtain country rock and stand
Body block diagram, record rock crusher degree W '=S '1+S’2+S’3+S’4, S '1、S’2、S’3And S '4Corresponding country rock has been respectively
Length when whole, more complete, relatively broken and broken.As shown in Figure 3；
Wall-rock crack width is complete country rock when being less than 1mm, and 1~5mm of wall-rock crack width is more complete country rock, and crack is wide
It is that, compared with breaking surrounding rock, it is breaking surrounding rock that Fracture Width, which is more than 10mm, to spend 5~10mm.
4th step：Digging laneway stability analysis below mining influence coal column
The data obtained according to second step and the 3rd step, it is R that can try to achieve country rock rupture scope increase rate1=(L '-L)/
L；Country rock energy of rupture increase rate R2=(D '-D)/D；Country rock Surface Rupture Events bulk density increase rate R3=(C '-C)/C；Enclose
Rock degree of crushing increase rate R4=(W '-W)/W.
Wherein L, L are respectively country rock rupture scope before and after mining influence, have calculated value above to determine；D, D ' it is respectively to adopt
Country rock energy of rupture, C, C before and after dynamic influence ' be respectively country rock rupture time bulk density, W, W before and after adopting ' be respectively
Rock crusher degree before and after mining influence.
5th step：Digging laneway stability quantitative assessment below mining influence coal column
According to the Treatment Analysis of wall rock's level data before and after the 4th step mining influence, mining influence lane can obtain by weighting
The final evaluation index R=∑s H of road stabilitykRk, and R values and certain specific tunnel mining influence Drift stability evaluation effect are united
Count standard value R0Compare, you can obtain mining influence Drift stability, wherein, HkFor weight coefficient, k=1,2,3,4, its size
Should be according to R1~R4Size and the reliability of test data be allocated with accuracy, meet ∑ Hk=1.
As known by the technical knowledge, the embodiment that the present invention can not depart from its essence or essential feature by others
To realize, therefore, for each side, all it is merely illustrative, is not only.It is all within the scope of the present invention or equivalent
It is included in the invention in the change in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of dynamic monitoring of mining influence tunnel and Stability Assessment method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
Step 1, high-precision Microseismic monitoring system is installed and record by imaging instrument is spied in drilling；
Step 2, data before collection mining influence：
Digging laneway below coal column is monitored using high-precision Microseismic monitoring system, the position of record country rock rupture, energy
And number of times；
Record by imaging instrument is spied on using drilling to be spied on, and the degree of rock crusher is recorded, for analyzing surrounding rock failure scope；Will
Country rock is in turn divided into complete section, more complete area, compared with fracture area and fracture area from inside to outside；Country rock degree of crushing before mining influence
W calculation formula is W=S1+ S2+S3+S4, S1、S2、S3、S4Corresponding country rock is complete, more complete, relatively broken and broken respectively
When length；
Step 3, data after collection mining influence：Specific implementation step is identical with step 2；
Step 4, Stability Analysis of The Surrounding Rock：Based on the forward and backward country rock rupture location of mining influence, the energy of country rock rupture, enclose
The number of times and rock crusher degree of rock rupture, calculate respectively obtain country rock rupture scope increase rate, country rock energy of rupture increase rate,
Country rock Surface Rupture Events bulk density increase rate and rock crusher degree increase rate；
Wherein：The computational methods of country rock Surface Rupture Events bulk density are：Based on country rock rupture number of times before being adopted in step 2,
Country rock Surface Rupture Events bulk density is calculated, its formula is C=N/V, and wherein N is that country rock ruptures number of times, and V is that country rock ruptures model
Containment body is accumulated；
Step 5, digging laneway stability quantitative assessment below mining influence coal column：Each surrounding rock evaluation value obtained based on step 4,
Using weight analysis method, mining influence digging laneway stability quantitative assessing index is set up, mining influence digging laneway is carried out
Quantitative assessment.
2. mining influence tunnel as claimed in claim 1 dynamic monitoring and Stability Assessment method, it is characterised in that in step 1,
High-precision Microseismic monitoring system includes sensor, data acquisition substation, microseismic system main frame and ground data integrated treatment analysis
System；The left side of digging laneway and right shoulder respectively install multiple sensors below coal column, and country rock destruction signals are gathered respectively, pass through number
The signal for gathering sensor according to collection substation is connected by optical fiber with colliery Network Outstation Used, is transmitted signal by colliery network
Microseismic system main frame is given, and electric signal is changed into data signal by ground data integrated treatment analysis system, and to data signal
Working process, to realize the positioning to microseismic event, the acquisition of event argument.
3. mining influence tunnel as claimed in claim 2 dynamic monitoring and Stability Assessment method, it is characterised in that top back production
Working face is with lower section digging laneway before vertical direction is overlapping, and sensor moves forward arrangement successively with driving face, and works as
Top stope with lower section driving face after vertical direction is overlapping, after sensor is with the back production successively of actual mining
Move arrangement.
4. mining influence tunnel as claimed in claim 1 dynamic monitoring and Stability Assessment method, it is characterised in that left in tunnel
Drilling is laid at side, right side, left shoulder, right shoulder and top, is spied on record by imaging instrument using drilling and is spied on country rock in the borehole, is remembered
Record the broken of country rock.
5. mining influence tunnel as claimed in claim 1 dynamic monitoring and Stability Assessment method, it is characterised in that in step 2,
Country rock energy of rupture calculation formula is D=A before the mining influence11E1+A12E2+A13E3+A14E4+A15E5+A16E6, wherein A11、
A12、A13、A14、A15、A16For coefficient correlation, and A11+A12+A13+A14+A15+A16=1, E1For energy<10J, E2For energy 10~
100J, E3For 100~1000J of energy, E4For 1000~5000J of energy, E5For 5000~10000J of energy, E6For energy >=
10000J。
6. mining influence tunnel as claimed in claim 1 dynamic monitoring and Stability Assessment method, it is characterised in that in step 4,
The country rock rupture scope increase rate is R1=(L’-L)/L；
The country rock energy of rupture increase rate R2=(D’-D)/D；
Described country rock Surface Rupture Events bulk density increase rate R3=(C’-C)/C；
Described rock crusher degree increase rate R4=(W '-W)/W, wherein L, L ' it is respectively country rock rupture model before and after mining influence
Enclose；D, D ' be respectively country rock energy of rupture, C, C before and after mining influence ' it is respectively country rock Surface Rupture Events unit volume before and after adopting
Density, W, W ' it is respectively rock crusher degree before and after mining influence.
7. mining influence tunnel as claimed in claim 6 dynamic monitoring and Stability Assessment method, it is characterised in that
Digging laneway stability quantitative assessment below the mining influence coal column, pick below mining influence coal column is obtained by weighting
Enter comprehensive evaluation index R=∑ H of Drift stabilitykRk, and by Drift stability evaluation under R values and certain specific tunnel mining influence
Effect SS value R0Compare, you can obtain the Drift stability tunneled under mining influence, wherein, HkFor weight coefficient, k=
1,2,3,4, its size should be according to R1~R4Size and the reliability of test data be allocated with accuracy, meet ∑ Hk=1.
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| CN109828314B (en) * | 2019-02-01 | 2020-06-23 | 内蒙古科技大学 | Precision detection method for plastic damage range of mining roadway surrounding rock |
| CN110398784B (en) * | 2019-08-07 | 2021-03-30 | 中铁四局集团第四工程有限公司 | Method for evaluating stability of surrounding rock of broken zone of tunnel crossing fault |
| CN111472840B (en) * | 2020-04-07 | 2020-11-13 | 北京科技大学 | Mining surrounding rock ground pressure disaster intelligent prediction method and system |
| CN111897002B (en) * | 2020-07-30 | 2022-12-20 | 中煤能源研究院有限责任公司 | Roof pre-splitting measure effect evaluation method based on microseismic monitoring |
| CN113298140A (en) * | 2021-05-24 | 2021-08-24 | 中国矿业大学 | Mining rock mass quality quantitative evaluation and classification method based on drilling image |
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