CN105093349A - Method for actually measuring growth and development rule of crack in tunnel roof - Google Patents
Method for actually measuring growth and development rule of crack in tunnel roof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种实测巷道顶板内部裂隙发展发育规律的方法。本方法在井下通过设立测站，在测站中布置钻孔，利用钻孔窥视仪探测并记录顶板内部裂隙发展发育状况，利用多点位移计监测顶板围岩深部位移，并分析比较两种设备对顶板内部裂隙演化情况的监测数据，归纳出巷道顶板内部裂隙发展发育规律。对于研究巷道顶板岩层层位情况、评价巷道支护方案及参数是否合理及预测顶板事故等都具有重要意义。
The invention discloses a method for actually measuring the development law of cracks inside the roadway roof. This method sets up a measuring station underground, arranges boreholes in the measuring station, uses a borehole peeping instrument to detect and record the development of internal cracks in the roof, uses a multi-point displacement meter to monitor the deep displacement of the surrounding rock of the roof, and analyzes and compares the two devices Based on the monitoring data of the evolution of internal cracks in the roof, the development law of cracks in the roof of the roadway is summarized. It is of great significance to study the strata of the roadway roof, evaluate whether the roadway support scheme and parameters are reasonable, and predict roof accidents.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及一种实测巷道顶板内部裂隙发展发育规律的方法，适用于井下监测巷道顶板内部裂隙的演化规律。 The invention relates to a method for actually measuring the development law of cracks inside the roof of a roadway, which is suitable for monitoring the evolution law of cracks inside the roof of a roadway underground.
背景技术 Background technique
由于巷道开挖破坏了岩体内部平衡，使巷道围岩体内应力重新分布。在巷道掘进扰动的影响下，巷道顶板内部岩层中部分区域会产生再生裂隙，并且距离巷道表面近的岩层受到的影响较大，较远的岩层受到的影响相对较小。随着巷道不断向前推进，巷道围岩体内的原生裂隙与再生裂隙不断发展发育，可能形成较大的破碎带与离层，严重者甚至引起顶板大面积垮落、顶板透水等重大事故。因此，监测并研究顶板内部裂隙的发展发育规律对于研究巷道顶板岩层层位情况、检测巷道支护效果、优化巷道支护方案及支护参数、预测顶板事故等都具有重要意义。近年来，地下岩体内部裂隙的勘察研究方法主要有钻孔岩芯法、超声波成像法、流量测井法、钻孔窥视法及深部位移监测法等。其中，钻孔岩芯法是对岩体进行钻孔取芯，它在一定程度上可以反映围岩体内岩体破坏情况以及岩层组成，但是由于不能进行连续观测，其探测结果不能反映岩层内部裂隙发展发育动态变化过程；超声波成像法可以提供大量有效可视的钻孔岩体定量数据，但是在工作中受到孔径、泥浆粘度等钻孔条件的影响较大，观测工序较为繁琐，成本较高；流量测井法主要是用来确定含水层位置、厚度、层数及分层流量等地质情况。 Because the excavation of the roadway destroys the internal balance of the rock mass, the stress in the surrounding rock body of the roadway is redistributed. Under the influence of roadway excavation disturbance, regenerated cracks will appear in some areas of the inner rock strata of the roadway roof, and the rock strata close to the roadway surface are greatly affected, while the farther rock strata are relatively less affected. As the roadway continues to move forward, the primary cracks and regenerated cracks in the surrounding rock body of the roadway continue to develop, which may form a large fracture zone and abscission layer, and even cause major accidents such as large-scale collapse of the roof and water penetration of the roof. Therefore, monitoring and studying the development and development of internal cracks in the roof is of great significance for studying the strata of the roadway roof, detecting the roadway support effect, optimizing the roadway support scheme and support parameters, and predicting roof accidents. In recent years, the investigation and research methods of internal cracks in underground rock mass mainly include drilling core method, ultrasonic imaging method, flow logging method, drilling peeping method and deep displacement monitoring method, etc. Among them, the drilling core method is to drill and core the rock mass. It can reflect the damage of the rock mass in the surrounding rock body and the composition of the rock formation to a certain extent. However, because continuous observation cannot be carried out, the detection results cannot reflect the cracks inside the rock formation. Development and development dynamic change process; ultrasonic imaging method can provide a large amount of effective and visible quantitative data of drilled rock mass, but it is greatly affected by drilling conditions such as hole diameter and mud viscosity during work, and the observation process is more cumbersome and the cost is higher; The flow logging method is mainly used to determine the geological conditions such as the location, thickness, layer number and layer flow of the aquifer.
本发明中，通过采用钻孔探测仪对巷道顶板裂隙演化现象进行连续监测，观测摄像结果可以对裂隙发展发育的规律进行定性分析；采用多点位移计对巷道顶板深部位移进行监测记录，不仅可以定量反映裂隙发展发育情况，同时可以由此得出巷道顶板内部张拉域和压缩域的分布情况。将这两种监测方法测得的数据进行对比分析，可以清晰反映巷道顶板内部裂隙的发展发育规律，并且该方法简单方便、直观、准确性高。 In the present invention, by using the borehole detector to continuously monitor the crack evolution phenomenon of the roadway roof, the observation and camera results can qualitatively analyze the law of crack development; the multi-point displacement meter is used to monitor and record the deep displacement of the roadway roof, which can not only Quantitatively reflect the development of cracks, and at the same time, the distribution of tension domains and compression domains inside the roadway roof can be obtained. Comparing and analyzing the data measured by these two monitoring methods can clearly reflect the development law of cracks inside the roof of the roadway, and the method is simple, convenient, intuitive and highly accurate.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是克服已有技术中的不足，提供一种方法简便、测试准确、效果良好的实测巷道顶板内部裂隙发展发育规律的方法，以揭示巷道在掘进过程中巷道顶板内部裂隙演化规律，从而检测巷道支护效果以及指导巷道支护方案和支护参数的优化。 The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, to provide a method for measuring the development and development law of cracks inside the roadway roof with simple method, accurate test and good effect, so as to reveal the evolution law of cracks inside the roof of the roadway during the excavation process, In order to detect the effect of roadway support and guide the optimization of roadway support scheme and support parameters.
本发明技术内容如下： Technical content of the present invention is as follows:
a.当巷道向前掘进至50m时，距离掘进头5m范围内设立测站I，对巷道顶板进行钻孔窥视和深部位移监测。该测站内布置4个钻孔，其中钻孔k1、k2和k3垂直巷道掘进方向呈直线布置，分别布置在顶板中间与两边，采用TYGD10矿用钻孔探测仪对巷道顶板内部裂隙发展发育情况进行探测。钻孔k4内安装多点位移计，进行深部位移监测，各监测内容测面布置在1m范围内。 a. When the roadway is driven forward to 50m, a measuring station I shall be set up within 5m from the driving head to conduct drilling peek and deep displacement monitoring on the roadway roof. There are 4 boreholes arranged in the station, among which the boreholes k 1 , k 2 and k 3 are arranged in a straight line perpendicular to the tunneling direction, and are respectively arranged in the middle and both sides of the roof. The TYGD10 mining borehole detector is used to detect the crack development inside the roadway roof developmental detection. A multi-point displacement meter is installed in borehole k4 for deep displacement monitoring, and the measuring surface of each monitoring content is arranged within 1m.
b.随着巷道继续向前推进，当推进至100m和150m时，分别设立测站II和测站III。若在掘进过程中遇到地质构造如断层、褶皱等，可适当调整测站位置以及增加测站个数，以便对巷道特殊地段的矿压规律进行监测研究。测站II和测站III监测内容及测面布置方式均与测站I相同。 b. As the roadway continues to advance, when the advance reaches 100m and 150m, set up measuring station II and measuring station III respectively. If geological structures such as faults and folds are encountered during the excavation process, the position of the measuring station can be adjusted appropriately and the number of measuring stations can be increased to monitor and study the law of mine pressure in special sections of the roadway. The monitoring content and surface layout of Station II and Station III are the same as those of Station I.
c.对3个测站9个窥视钻孔的探测结果进行截图和统计分析，得出巷道顶板围岩的主要破裂形式和裂隙演化规律等。 c. Take screenshots and statistical analysis of the detection results of 9 peep holes at 3 stations, and obtain the main fracture forms and crack evolution laws of the roadway roof surrounding rock.
d.依据主次承载区支护理论对巷道围岩深部位移监测数据进行分析。将巷道深部围岩区域化，分为张拉域和压缩域。张拉域指应变为正的区域，压缩域指应变为负的区域，得到巷道顶板围岩深部位移变化趋势。 d. Analyze the monitoring data of the deep displacement of the surrounding rock of the roadway according to the support theory of the primary and secondary bearing areas. The deep surrounding rock of the roadway is regionalized and divided into tension domain and compression domain. The tension domain refers to the area where the strain is positive, and the compression domain refers to the area where the strain is negative. The deep displacement trend of the roadway roof surrounding rock is obtained.
e.对顶板钻孔窥视结果和深部位移变化趋势进行综合分析与比较，得出巷道顶板内部裂隙发展发育规律。 e. Comprehensively analyze and compare the peeping results of roof drilling and the trend of deep displacement changes, and obtain the development law of cracks inside the roof of the roadway.
发明的有益效果：本发明将钻孔窥视与深部位移相结合对巷道顶板内部裂隙的发展发育进行监测，并将两种监测结果进行对比分析，得出巷道顶板裂隙发展发育规律。具有以下优势：一是随巷道向前推进，在50m、100m、150m处分别设立1个矿压监测测站。既可对顶板受掘进影响阶段到裂隙发展成熟阶段进行连续监测，又可对巷道受掘进影响剧烈位置、掘进影响位置、掘后稳定位置进行同时监测。二是在1个测站打3个窥视钻孔对顶板进行钻孔探测，使受巷道断面形状和尺寸影响而导致裂隙发展发育情况不同的各个部位岩层得到监测；三是两种监测方法相结合，既能定性展现巷道裂隙的发展发育状况，又可定量的阐述顶板深部位移并反映出的顶板张拉域和压缩域的分布情况，通过对比分析得出巷道顶板内部裂隙发展发育规律，其规律总结更为科学、有效。四是本方案设计合理，施工简单，操作性强，既是检测巷道支护效果的有效方法也可为巷道支护方案以及支护参数的优化提供参考。 Beneficial effects of the invention: the invention combines drilling peeping and deep displacement to monitor the development of internal cracks in the roof of the roadway, and compares and analyzes the two monitoring results to obtain the development law of cracks in the roof of the roadway. It has the following advantages: First, as the roadway advances, a mine pressure monitoring station is set up at 50m, 100m, and 150m respectively. It can not only continuously monitor the roof from the stage affected by the excavation to the mature stage of the crack development, but also monitor the location of the roadway severely affected by the excavation, the position affected by the excavation, and the stable position after excavation. The second is to drill three peep holes at one station to detect the roof, so that the rock formations in various parts with different crack development conditions affected by the shape and size of the roadway section can be monitored; the third is to combine the two monitoring methods , it can not only qualitatively show the development of cracks in the roadway, but also quantitatively explain the deep displacement of the roof and reflect the distribution of the tension and compression domains of the roof. The summary is more scientific and effective. Fourth, the design of this scheme is reasonable, the construction is simple, and the operability is strong. It is not only an effective method to detect the roadway support effect, but also can provide a reference for the optimization of the roadway support scheme and support parameters.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1是本发明测站布置示意图。 Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of station arrangement of the present invention.
图2是本发明测站I顶板围岩钻孔探测结果示意图。 Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the detection results of the roof surrounding rock drilling of station I of the present invention.
图3是本发明测站I顶板围岩深部位移曲线示意图。 Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the deep displacement curve of the roof surrounding rock of station I of the present invention.
I-1#矿压监测测站；II-2#矿压监测测站；III-3#矿压监测测站；k1、k2、k3-窥视钻孔；k4-深部位移监测钻孔。 I-1# mine pressure monitoring station; II-2# mine pressure monitoring station; III-3# mine pressure monitoring station; k 1 , k 2 , k 3 - peeking boreholes; k 4 - deep displacement monitoring drill hole.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本发明的实施作进一步描述： Implementation of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
如图1所示，当巷道向前掘进至50m的时候，距离掘进头5m范围内设立测站I。向顶板打4个深度为8000mm、直径为30mm(钻头直径28mm)的钻孔。其中钻孔k1、k2和k3垂直巷道掘进方向呈直线布置，分别布置在顶低、顶中和顶高位置(窥视钻孔位置如图2所示，由于巷道断面类型及尺寸不同，这里以梯形断面作为参考，实际应用可根据具体情况进行调整)，采用TYGD10矿用钻孔探测仪对巷道顶板内部裂隙发展发育情况进行探测。在钻孔k4中安装多点位移计，对顶板进行深部位移监测，各监测内容测面控制在1m范围之内。当巷道推进至100m、150m处，分别距掘进头5m范围内设立测站II和测站III，测站II和测站III的监测内容及测面布置方式均与测站I相同。 As shown in Figure 1, when the roadway is driven forward to 50m, a measuring station I is set up within 5m from the tunneling head. Drill 4 holes with a depth of 8000mm and a diameter of 30mm (drill diameter 28mm) to the top plate. Among them, the drilling holes k 1 , k 2 and k 3 are arranged in a straight line in the direction of vertical roadway excavation, and are respectively arranged at the top low, top middle and top high positions (the position of the peep hole is shown in Figure 2, due to the different types and sizes of roadway sections, Here, the trapezoidal section is used as a reference, and the actual application can be adjusted according to the specific situation), and the TYGD10 mine drilling detector is used to detect the development of cracks inside the roof of the roadway. Install a multi - point displacement meter in borehole k4 to monitor the deep displacement of the roof, and control the measurement surface of each monitoring content within 1m. When the roadway advances to 100m and 150m, measuring station II and measuring station III are set up within 5m of the tunneling head respectively. The monitoring content and measuring surface layout of measuring station II and measuring station III are the same as measuring station I.
随着巷道向前推进，对巷道顶板进行钻孔窥视与深部位移监测，并记录相关数据。对钻孔窥视的结果进行整理，分析掘进初期巷道顶板围岩的主要破裂形式以及掘进过程中裂隙逐渐演化成离层和破碎带的发展发育过程。测站I顶板围岩钻孔探测结果如图2所示。对巷道围岩深部位移监测数据进行分析，根据主次承载区支护理论，将巷道深部围岩区域化，分为张拉域和压缩域，张拉域指应变为正的区域，压缩域指应变为负的区域。横坐标表示距离巷道顶板表面的距离，以L表示，纵坐标为应变值，测站I顶板围岩深部位移变化趋势如图3所示。测站II和测站III的数据处理方法同测站I相同。最后将几组数据结果进行整理和对比，对顶板内部裂隙演化进行定性与定量的分析，得出其发展发育规律。 As the roadway advances, drill hole peek and deep displacement monitoring are carried out on the roadway roof, and relevant data are recorded. The results of borehole peeping are sorted out, and the main fracture forms of the surrounding rock of the roadway roof at the initial stage of excavation and the development process of the cracks gradually evolving into abscission layers and fracture zones during the excavation process are analyzed. The drilling results of the surrounding rock of the roof at station I are shown in Fig. 2. Analyze the monitoring data of the deep displacement of the surrounding rock of the roadway. According to the supporting theory of the primary and secondary bearing areas, the deep surrounding rock of the roadway is divided into tension domain and compression domain. The tension domain refers to the area where the strain becomes positive, and the compression domain refers to the The region that should be negative. The abscissa represents the distance from the roof surface of the roadway, represented by L, and the ordinate is the strain value. The displacement trend of the deep part of the roof surrounding rock at station I is shown in Figure 3. The data processing method of Station II and Station III is the same as that of Station I. Finally, several groups of data were sorted out and compared, and the evolution of cracks inside the roof was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively, and its development law was obtained.
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| CN109555562A (en) * | 2018-11-26 | 2019-04-02 | 湘潭大学 | A kind of deep stope roof rock monitoring system and method |
| CN110390152A (en) * | 2019-07-15 | 2019-10-29 | 中国矿业大学 | A discrete element method for simulating the evolution of surrounding rock fissures in roadway |
| CN111271129A (en) * | 2020-01-31 | 2020-06-12 | 天地科技股份有限公司 | Method for acquiring deformation and fracture expansion rule of stoping roadway surrounding rock |
| CN114295529A (en) * | 2022-01-05 | 2022-04-08 | 国家能源集团新疆能源有限责任公司 | Method and system for determining development condition of internal fracture of rock mass after artificial disturbance |
| CN115929408A (en) * | 2023-01-17 | 2023-04-07 | 河南理工大学 | A real-time monitoring system and method for coal mine roof cracks during roadway excavation |
| US12031436B1 (en) | 2023-01-17 | 2024-07-09 | Henan Polytechnic University | Real-time monitoring system and method for coal mine roof fractures during roadway tunneling process |
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