CN105759010A - Mining influence tunnel dynamic monitoring and stability evaluation method - Google Patents
Mining influence tunnel dynamic monitoring and stability evaluation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a mining influence tunnel dynamic monitoring and stability evaluation method which comprises the following steps: step 1, arranging a high-precision micro-seismic monitoring system and an introscope; step 2, collecting data before mining influence; step 3, collecting data after mining influence, wherein the specific implementation steps of the step 3 are the same as those of step 2; step 4, analyzing the stability of surrounding rock, namely respectively calculating to obtain a surrounding rock rupture range increase rate, a surrounding rock rupture energy increase rate, a surrounding rock rupture event unit volume density increase rate and a surrounding rock rupture degree increase rate based on a surrounding rupture position, surrounding rack rupture energy, surrounding rock rupture times and surrounding rock rupture degree before and after mining influence; step 5, quantitatively evaluating the tunneled tunnel stability below a coal pillar of mining influence, namely, based on surrounding rock evaluation values obtained in the step 4, establishing quantitative evaluation indexes of tunnel tunneling stability under mining influence by use of a weight analysis method, and performing quantitative evaluation on the tunneled tunnel under mining influence.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to security technology area in underground engineering, particularly to a kind of mining influence tunnel dynamic monitoring and Stability Assessment method.
Background technology
Along with coal superficial part resource exhaustion, coal mining is gradually to deep deepening, and crustal stress increases therewith, tunnel unstability is serious, threaten the life security of underground work personnel, affect colliery and produce normally, therefore the stability in tunnel becomes safety of coal mines, the key efficiently produced.
Below coal column in the process of tunnelling, lower section digging laneway is produced impact by the mining pressure that top working face extraction produces, cause that Surrounding Rock Strength reduces, digging laneway deflection is big, support unit lost efficacy, and the mining pressure that top working face extraction produces directly affects the stability of lower section digging laneway and the intensity of country rock, therefore to carrying out detection by quantitative in tunnelling process below mining influence coal column, guide field is constructed, and optimizes roadway support parameter.
There is following problems in prior art:
One, in overlying working face extraction process, below coal column, the stability of digging laneway and the scope of breaking of country rock cannot be determined.
Two, also there are not the dynamic monitoring of mining influence tunnel and Stability Assessment method at present.
Three, in Practical Project, under the stress of overlying working face extraction and coal column, the stress of work surface driving is jointly to shoulder bed effects, under complex stress condition, the destructive characteristics of country rock directly affects roadway deformation, and mining influence tunnel dynamic monitoring both at home and abroad at present is rarely seen with Stability Assessment technique study.
Summary of the invention
In consideration of it, for solving the problems referred to above, the present invention provides a kind of mining influence tunnel dynamic monitoring and Stability Assessment method, by high accuracy Microseismic monitoring system and inspection instrument for borehole, accurately judge the stability of digging laneway.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that.
A kind of mining influence tunnel dynamic monitoring and Stability Assessment method, comprise the following steps:
Step 1, installs high accuracy Microseismic monitoring system and endoscope；
Step 2, data before collection mining influence:
Adopt high accuracy Microseismic monitoring system that digging laneway below coal column is monitored, position, energy and the number of times that record country rock breaks；
Utilize boring to spy on record by imaging instrument to spy on, the degree of record rock crusher, country rock is in turn divided into from inside to outside complete section, more complete district, relatively fracture area and fracture area；
Step 3, data acquisition after gathering mining influence: be embodied as step identical with step 2；
Step 4, Stability Analysis of The Surrounding Rock: number of times that the energy that breaks based on the forward and backward described country rock rupture location of mining influence, country rock, country rock break and rock crusher degree, calculates respectively and obtains country rock and break scope increase rate, country rock energy of rupture increase rate, country rock Surface Rupture Events bulk density increase rate and rock crusher degree increase rate；
Step 5, digging laneway stability quantitative assessment below mining influence coal column: each surrounding rock evaluation value obtained based on step 4, exploitation right weight analysis method, set up mining influence digging laneway stability quantitative assessing index, mining influence digging laneway is carried out quantitative assessment.
In step 1, high accuracy Microseismic monitoring system includes sensor, data acquisition substation, microseismic system main frame and ground data integrated treatment and analyzes system；Below coal column, 3 sensors are installed by the left side of digging laneway, right shoulder installs 3 sensors, gather country rock destruction signals respectively, each sensor is transformed into analog electrical signal after receiving microseismic signals, by data acquisition substation, the signal of telecommunication of collection is connected with colliery Network Outstation Used by optical fiber, microseismic system main frame is transmitted a signal to by colliery network, and ground data integrated treatment is analyzed system and the signal of telecommunication is changed into digital signal, and to digital signal processed, to realize the location to microseismic event, the acquisition of event argument.
Described top stope with lower section digging laneway before vertical direction is overlapping, sensor moves forward successively along with driving face layout, and when top stope with lower section driving face after vertical direction is overlapping, sensor moves layout successively afterwards along with the back production of actual mining；
In tunnel, boring is laid at left side, right side, left shoulder, right shoulder and top, utilizes endoscope to spy on country rock, crushing of record country rock in the borehole.
In step 2, before described mining influence, country rock energy of rupture computing formula is D=A11E1+A12E2+A13E3+A14E4+A15E5+A16E6, wherein A11、A12、A13、A14、A15、A16For correlation coefficient, and A11+A12+A13+A14+A15+A16=1, E1For energy < 10J, E2For energy 10～100J, E3For energy 100～1000J, E4For energy 1000～5000J, E5For energy 5000～10000J, E6For energy >=10000J.
In step 2, breaking number of times based on country rock before adopting, unit of account volume country rock Surface Rupture Events density, its formula is C=N/V, and wherein N is that country rock breaks number of times, and V is that country rock breaks scope volume.
In step 2, described boring spies on record by imaging instrument by the wall of a borehole country rock planar development, is used for analyzing surrounding rock failure scope, can obtain country rock degree of crushing computing formula W=S before mining influence based on inspection instrument for borehole1+S2+S3+S4, S1、S2、S3、S4Length when country rock corresponding respectively is complete, more complete, relatively broken and broken.
In step 4, described country rock scope increase rate of breaking is R1=(L '-L)/L；Described country rock energy of rupture increase rate
R2=(D '-D)/D；Country rock Surface Rupture Events bulk density increase rate R3=(C '-C)/C；Rock crusher degree increase rate
R4=(W '-W)/W, wherein before and after L ', L respectively mining influence, country rock breaks scope；Country rock energy of rupture before and after D ', D respectively mining influence, C ', C respectively adopt front and back country rock rupture time bulk density, country rock degree of crushing before and after W ', W respectively mining influence.
In step 5, digging laneway stability quantitative assessment below described mining influence coal column, it is weighted by obtaining the comprehensive evaluation index R=∑ H of digging laneway stability below mining influence coal columnkRk, and by R value and Drift stability evaluation effect statistical standard value R under certain concrete tunnel mining influence0Relatively, the Drift stability of driving under mining influence can be obtained, wherein, HkFor weight coefficient, k=1,2,3,4, its size should according to R1～R4Size and reliability and the accuracy of test data be allocated, meet ∑ Hk=1.
Beneficial effects of the present invention is as follows:
The present invention utilizes high accuracy Microseismic monitoring system and inspection instrument for borehole, the dynamic monitoring of mining influence tunnel and stability are evaluated, to multiple index comprehensive relative analyses, avoid the false judgment caused because of single index, ensure the accuracy that Drift stability judges, it is thus possible to comprehensively, judge stability of the roadway state accurately, and then the supporting scheme instructing different times tunnel concrete designs and implements.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly that the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, the accompanying drawing used required in embodiment or description of the prior art will be briefly described below, apparently, accompanying drawing in the following describes is some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, under the premise not paying creative work, it is also possible to obtain other accompanying drawing according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the dynamic monitoring of mining influence tunnel and the Stability Assessment method flow diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the high accuracy Microseismic monitoring system monitoring transducer arrangements floor map of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the high accuracy Microseismic monitoring system monitoring transducer arrangements generalized section of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the rock crusher degree schematic diagram shown in the inspection instrument for borehole of the present invention；
Wherein, 1 is portion of digging laneway left side 1 sensor, and 2 is portion of digging laneway left side 2 sensor, 3 is portion of digging laneway left side 3 sensor, and 4 is digging laneway No. 4 sensors of right shoulder, and 5 is digging laneway No. 5 sensors of right shoulder, 6 is digging laneway No. 6 sensors of right shoulder, S1For complete country rock length, S2For more complete country rock length, S3For relatively breaking surrounding rock length and S4For breaking surrounding rock length.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in detail:
The present invention is based on high accuracy Microseismic monitoring system and inspection instrument for borehole technical research means, analysis obtains country rock before and after mining influence and breaks the parameters such as scope increase rate, country rock energy of rupture increase rate, country rock Surface Rupture Events bulk density increase rate and rock crusher degree increase rate, and by weight analysis method, mining influence Drift stability comprehensive and quantitative is analyzed, set up mining influence Drift stability effect quantitatively evaluation index, mining influence Drift stability can be carried out scientific and reasonable evaluation.
For realizing object above, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that
The first step: roadway surrounding rock monitoring plan design before and after mining influence
According to mine development method, the geological conditions in tunnel, cross dimensions, roadway surrounding rock monitoring scheme before and after design mining influence, it is determined that high accuracy Microseismic monitoring system arrangement parameter.As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2,6 sensors of roadway layout, left side arranges 3 sensors, and right shoulder arranges 3 sensors；Particularly as follows: portion of digging laneway left side 1 sensor 1, portion of digging laneway left side 2 sensor 2, portion of digging laneway left side 3 sensor 3, digging laneway No. 4 sensors 4 of right shoulder, digging laneway No. 5 sensors 5 of right shoulder, digging laneway No. 6 sensors 6, S of right shoulder1For complete country rock length, S2For more complete country rock length, S3For relatively breaking surrounding rock length and S4For breaking surrounding rock length.
6 sensors gather country rock destruction signals respectively, each sensor is transformed into analog electrical signal after receiving microseismic signals, by data acquisition substation, the signal of telecommunication of collection is connected with colliery Network Outstation Used by optical fiber, microseismic system main frame is transmitted a signal to by colliery network, and ground data integrated treatment is analyzed system and the signal of telecommunication is changed into digital signal, and to digital signal processed, to realize the location to microseismic event, the acquisition of event argument.
The portion of left side in tunnel, left shoulder, top, right shoulder and portion of right side arrange 6 borings, and the degree of depth of boring is 6m, utilizes endoscope to be gathered rock crusher situation successively by country rock superficial part to deep in the borehole.
Second step: data acquisition before mining influence
Before A, mining influence, country rock breaks monitoring.Position, energy and the number of times that before utilizing high accuracy Microseismic monitoring system Real-time Collection mining influence, in tunnelling process, country rock breaks.
The signal that high accuracy Microseismic monitoring system is broken by 6 the sensor acquisition country rocks being arranged in tunnel, the country rock destruction signals gathered is processed processing by data handling system, realize the location of country rock Surface Rupture Events, determine that country rock breaks the position occurred, the energy produced when breaking and the number of times that breaks of country rock.
Country rock break produce energy be divided into 6 grades, E1For energy < 10J, E2For energy 10～100J, E3For energy 100～1000J, E4For energy 1000～5000J, E5For energy 5000～10000J, E6For for energy >=10000J；Country rock energy of rupture is D=A11E1+A12E2+A13E3+A14E4+A15E5+A16E6, wherein A11、A12、A13、A14、A15、A16For correlation coefficient, and A11+A12+A13+A14+A15+A16=1；
Analyze the distribution situation gathering signal, it is determined that before mining influence, country rock breaks range L, it is determined that method is as follows:
The destruction signals of 6 the sensor acquisition country rocks arranged, by data handling system, destruction signals is processed and analysis, it is achieved the location of country rock Surface Rupture Events, it is determined that the rupture event of country rock, distance between the breakdown point of farthest, two ends in roadway surrounding rock, before namely determining mining influence, country rock breaks range L；
Statistics country rock destruction signals quantity, obtains unit volume country rock Surface Rupture Events density C=N/V, and wherein N is that country rock breaks number of times, and V is the volume that country rock breaks in scope.
By country rock destruction signals before the mining influence that sensor acquisition obtains, being imported by signal in GDHS, country rock is broken to be positioned, and obtains the data of country rock Surface Rupture Events, breaks quantity, energy etc. including country rock.
V=L × B × H, wherein L is that before mining influence, country rock breaks scope, and B is that before mining influence, country rock breaks width, and B value is the distance between farthest two breakdown points in tunnel, H is country rock rupture height before mining influence, and H-number is the distance between tunnel highest point and lowest point country rock breakdown point.
Inspection instrument for borehole detection before B, mining influence: utilize inspection instrument for borehole to be detected in country rock, obtain country rock solid block diagram, rock crusher degree W=S1+S2+S3+S4, S1、S2、S3、S4Length when country rock corresponding respectively is complete, more complete, relatively broken and broken, as shown in Figure 3；
3rd step: data acquisition after mining influence
After C, mining influence, country rock breaks monitoring.Position, energy and the number of times that after utilizing high accuracy Microseismic monitoring system Real-time Collection mining influence, in the tunneling process of tunnel, country rock breaks.
Country rock energy of rupture situation is D '=A '11E’1+A’12E’2+A’13E’3+A’14E’4+A’15E’5+A’'6E’6, wherein A '1k(k=1,2,3,4,5,6) are correlation coefficient, and A '11+A’12+A’13+A’14+A’15+A’16=1, wherein, E '1For energy < 10J, E '2For energy 10～100J, E '3For energy 100～1000J, E '4For energy 1000～5000J, E '5For energy 5000～10000J, E '6For for energy >=10000J；
Analyze the distribution situation broken of country rock, it is determined that after mining influence, country rock breaks range L ', it is determined that method is as follows:
The destruction signals of 6 the sensor acquisition country rocks arranged, by micro seismic monitoring software analysis to destruction signals analysis, it is achieved the location of country rock Surface Rupture Events, it is determined that the rupture event of country rock, distance between the breakdown point of farthest, two ends in roadway surrounding rock, after namely determining mining influence, country rock breaks range L '；
Statistics country rock destruction signals quantity, obtains unit volume country rock Surface Rupture Events density C '=N '/V ', and wherein N ' breaks number of times for country rock, the volume that V ' breaks in scope for country rock.
By country rock destruction signals before the mining influence that sensor acquisition obtains, being imported by signal in GDHS, country rock is broken to be positioned, and obtains the data of country rock Surface Rupture Events, breaks quantity, energy etc. including country rock.
V '=L ' × B ' × H ', wherein L ' breaks scope for country rock after mining influence, B ' breaks width for country rock after mining influence, B ' value is the distance between farthest two breakdown points in tunnel, H ' is country rock rupture height after mining influence, and H ' value is the distance between tunnel highest point and lowest point country rock breakdown point.
Inspection instrument for borehole detection after D, mining influence: utilize inspection instrument for borehole to be detected in country rock, obtains country rock solid block diagram, records rock crusher degree W '=S '1+S’2+S’3+S’4, S '1、S’2、S’3, and S '4Length when country rock corresponding respectively is complete, more complete, relatively broken and broken.As shown in Figure 3；
Being complete country rock when wall-rock crack width is less than 1mm, wall-rock crack width 1～5mm is more complete country rock, and Fracture Width 5～10mm is relatively breaking surrounding rock, and Fracture Width is breaking surrounding rock more than 10mm.
4th step: digging laneway stability analysis below mining influence coal column
According to the data that second step and the 3rd step obtain, can try to achieve country rock scope increase rate of breaking is R1=(L '-L)/L；Country rock energy of rupture increase rate R2=(D '-D)/D；Country rock Surface Rupture Events bulk density increase rate R3=(C '-C)/C；Rock crusher degree increase rate R4=(W '-W)/W.
Wherein before and after L, L respectively mining influence, country rock breaks scope, has value of calculation above to determine；D, D ' respectively country rock energy of rupture before and after mining influence, C, C ' respectively adopt before and after country rock rupture time bulk density, W, W ' respectively country rock degree of crushing before and after mining influence.
5th step: digging laneway stability quantitative assessment below mining influence coal column
According to the Treatment Analysis of country rock Monitoring Data before and after the 4th step mining influence, it is weighted by obtaining the final evaluation index R=∑ H of mining influence Drift stabilitykRk, and by R value and certain concrete tunnel mining influence Drift stability evaluation effect statistical standard value R0Relatively, mining influence Drift stability can be obtained, wherein, HkFor weight coefficient, k=1,2,3,4, its size should according to R1～R4Size and reliability and the accuracy of test data be allocated, meet ∑ Hk=1.
As known by the technical knowledge, the present invention can be realized by other the embodiment without departing from its essence or essential feature, therefore, for each side, is all merely illustrative, is not only.All within the scope of the present invention or be all included in the invention in the change being equal in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a mining influence tunnel dynamic monitoring and Stability Assessment method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
Step 1, installs high accuracy Microseismic monitoring system and endoscope；
Step 2, data before collection mining influence:
Adopt high accuracy Microseismic monitoring system that digging laneway below coal column is monitored, position, energy and the number of times that record country rock breaks；
Utilize boring to spy on record by imaging instrument to spy on, the degree of record rock crusher, country rock is in turn divided into from inside to outside complete section, more complete district, relatively fracture area and fracture area；
Step 3, data acquisition after gathering mining influence: be embodied as step identical with step 2；
Step 4, Stability Analysis of The Surrounding Rock: number of times that the energy that breaks based on the forward and backward described country rock rupture location of mining influence, country rock, country rock break and rock crusher degree, calculates respectively and obtains country rock and break scope increase rate, country rock energy of rupture increase rate, country rock Surface Rupture Events bulk density increase rate and rock crusher degree increase rate；
Step 5, digging laneway stability quantitative assessment below mining influence coal column: each surrounding rock evaluation value obtained based on step 4, exploitation right weight analysis method, set up mining influence digging laneway stability quantitative assessing index, mining influence digging laneway is carried out quantitative assessment.
2. mining influence tunnel dynamic monitoring as claimed in claim 1 and Stability Assessment method, it is characterised in that in step 1, high accuracy Microseismic monitoring system includes sensor, data acquisition substation, microseismic system main frame and ground data integrated treatment and analyzes system；The left side of digging laneway and the multiple sensor of each installation of right shoulder below coal column, gather country rock destruction signals respectively, by data acquisition substation, the signal of sensor acquisition is connected with colliery Network Outstation Used by optical fiber, microseismic system main frame is transmitted a signal to by colliery network, and ground data integrated treatment is analyzed system and the signal of telecommunication is changed into digital signal, and to digital signal processed, to realize the location to microseismic event, the acquisition of event argument.
3. mining influence tunnel dynamic monitoring as claimed in claim 2 and Stability Assessment method, it is characterized in that, top stope with lower section digging laneway before vertical direction is overlapping, sensor moves forward successively along with driving face layout, and when top stope with lower section driving face after vertical direction is overlapping, sensor moves layout successively afterwards along with the back production of actual mining.
4. mining influence tunnel dynamic monitoring as claimed in claim 1 and Stability Assessment method, it is characterised in that boring is laid at left side, right side, left shoulder, right shoulder and top in tunnel, utilizes endoscope to spy on country rock in the borehole, records the broken of country rock.
5. mining influence tunnel dynamic monitoring as claimed in claim 1 and Stability Assessment method, it is characterised in that in step 2, before described mining influence, country rock energy of rupture computing formula is D=A11E1+A12E2+A13E3+A14E4+A15E5+A16E6, wherein A11、A12、A13、A14、A15、A16For correlation coefficient, and A11+A12+A13+A14+A15+A16=1, E1For energy < 10J, E2For energy 10～100J, E3For energy 100～1000J, E4For energy 1000～5000J, E5For energy 5000～10000J, E6For for energy >=10000J.
6. mining influence tunnel dynamic monitoring as claimed in claim 1 and Stability Assessment method, it is characterised in that break number of times based on adopting front country rock in step 2, unit of account volume country rock Surface Rupture Events density, its formula is C=N/V, and wherein N is that country rock breaks number of times, and V is that country rock breaks scope volume.
7. mining influence tunnel dynamic monitoring as claimed in claim 1 and Stability Assessment method, it is characterized in that, described boring spies on record by imaging instrument by the wall of a borehole country rock planar development, for analyzing surrounding rock failure scope, obtain country rock degree of crushing computing formula W=S before mining influence based on inspection instrument for borehole1+S2+S3+S4, S1、S2、S3、S4Length when country rock corresponding respectively is complete, more complete, relatively broken and broken.
8. mining influence tunnel dynamic monitoring as claimed in claim 1 and Stability Assessment method, it is characterised in that in step 4,
Described country rock scope increase rate of breaking is R1=(L '-L)/L；
Described country rock energy of rupture increase rate R2=(D '-D)/D；
Described country rock Surface Rupture Events bulk density increase rate R3=(C '-C)/C；
Described rock crusher degree increase rate R4=(W '-W)/W, wherein before and after L ', L respectively mining influence, country rock breaks scope；Country rock energy of rupture before and after D ', D respectively mining influence, C ', C respectively adopt front and back country rock rupture time bulk density, country rock degree of crushing before and after W ', W respectively mining influence.
9. mining influence tunnel dynamic monitoring as claimed in claim 1 and Stability Assessment method, it is characterised in that
Digging laneway stability quantitative assessment below described mining influence coal column, is weighted by obtaining the comprehensive evaluation index R=∑ H of digging laneway stability below mining influence coal columnkRk, and by R value and Drift stability evaluation effect statistical standard value R under certain concrete tunnel mining influence0Relatively, the Drift stability of driving under mining influence can be obtained, wherein, HkFor weight coefficient, k=1,2,3,4, its size should according to R1～R4Size and reliability and the accuracy of test data be allocated, meet ∑ Hk=1.
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| CN109828314A (en) * | 2019-02-01 | 2019-05-31 | 内蒙古科技大学 | A kind of mining induced roadway country rock plastic failure range precision detection method |
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