CN113958367A - Underground mine soft rock roadway ground pressure safety early warning monitoring method - Google Patents
Underground mine soft rock roadway ground pressure safety early warning monitoring method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a safety early warning and monitoring method for soft rock roadway ground pressure of an underground mine, and belongs to the technical field of heavy rail ultrasonic flaw detection methods. The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: firstly, selecting a soft rock roadway which is very critical to safety production as a key monitoring area, and installing ground pressure monitoring equipment, wherein the ground pressure monitoring is mainly stress and deformation monitoring; then monitoring the pressure of the surrounding rock of the roadway and analyzing data, and monitoring the deformation of the surrounding rock of the roadway and analyzing the data; and finally, carrying out omnibearing remote dynamic monitoring. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the stress monitoring of the soft rock roadway surrounding rock and the deformation monitoring of the surrounding rock are closely linked to carry out comprehensive ground pressure monitoring, so that the continuous acquisition, online identification, intelligent analysis and disaster early warning of the underground mine soft rock roadway ground pressure dynamic information are realized, ground pressure disaster control measures are taken in time according to the monitoring condition, and the major disaster early warning capability of mine safety production is improved; the method has obvious effects of capturing the surrounding rock pressure and deformation rule of the roadway, is beneficial to the implementation of field organization, is economical and feasible, and can also provide reference for the design of a crushing stope bottom structure and a rock drilling chamber deformation monitoring system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a safety early warning and monitoring method for soft rock roadway ground pressure of an underground mine, and belongs to the technical field of heavy rail ultrasonic flaw detection methods.
Background
The phenomenon of deformation, cracking, breaking, flaking, collapse, roof collapse and the like of surrounding rock bodies and supporting structures caused by the action of stratum pressure on a mining tunnel and a stope is one of the main reasons for causing the difficulty in mining underground deposit. Many domestic mines suffer from the troubles, such as Zhang Jia hollow iron ore, Toyun iron ore, Xiaoguanzhuang iron ore, Xishimen iron ore, Jade hollow iron ore, Chengsheng iron ore, Jinshan shop iron ore, Maoyuan iron ore, Jinchuan nickel ore, Tonghe Jien nickel ore, vanadium mountain phosphate ore, Kaiyang phosphate ore, Jiajia gold ore, Jinfeng gold ore, Fengshan copper ore, copper mine yugou ore, Yechangcheng molybdenum ore and the like, all encounter a series of problems of severe ground pressure display, difficult excavation and support of roadways and mining sites, serious deformation and damage of blast holes of roadways, large repair engineering quantity, high support and maintenance cost and the like, and seriously affect the production safety of mines. Ground pressure has become one of the major problems restricting mine safety production in China.
Although scholars at home and abroad do a lot of research work and make great progress on the aspects of ground pressure generation mechanism, ground pressure monitoring and control technology and the like, ground pressure monitoring systems and monitoring technologies are single, monitoring means in the aspects of soft rock roadway pressure monitoring and deformation monitoring are relatively independent, the problems that test parameters are not complete enough, monitoring information is not comprehensively processed, field acquisition data cannot be remotely transmitted and processed and the like exist, and a systematic reliable observation method is not formed. And the installation accuracy of the monitoring sensors is high, so that the monitoring data is unstable, and the mine safety production cannot be effectively guided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a soft rock roadway ground pressure safety early warning and monitoring method for underground mines, which is characterized in that soft rock roadway surrounding rock stress monitoring and surrounding rock deformation monitoring are closely linked to carry out comprehensive ground pressure monitoring, so that continuous acquisition, online identification, intelligent analysis and disaster early warning of underground mine soft rock roadway ground pressure dynamic information are realized, ground pressure disaster control measures are taken in time according to monitoring conditions, and the major disaster early warning capability of mine safety production is improved; the method has obvious effects of capturing the surrounding rock pressure and the deformation rule of the roadway, is beneficial to the implementation of field organization, is economical and feasible, can also provide reference for the design of a crushing stope bottom structure and a rock drilling chamber deformation monitoring system, and effectively solves the problems in the background technology.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a safety early warning and monitoring method for soft rock roadway ground pressure of an underground mine comprises the following steps:
firstly, determining a monitoring roadway section, selecting a roadway section with a broken rock mass which is critical to safe production according to engineering geological data and engineering practice disclosure, and installing ground pressure monitoring equipment, wherein the ground pressure monitoring is mainly stress and deformation monitoring;
secondly, monitoring the pressure of the surrounding rock of the roadway and analyzing data, wherein anchor rods or anchor cable stressometers are selected for monitoring the pressure of the surrounding rock of the roadway, a group of stressometers are arranged at intervals of 20-30 meters along the direction of the roadway, the pressure load change condition of the surrounding rock of the roadway is continuously observed, and the monitoring data result is subjected to system analysis and research to obtain a pressure load change process curve of the surrounding rock of the roadway;
thirdly, performing deformation monitoring and data analysis on the surrounding rocks of the roadway, wherein the deformation monitoring of the surrounding rocks of the roadway adopts a multipoint displacement meter, one group of the multipoint displacement meters is arranged at intervals of 20-30 meters along the trend of the roadway, the interval of the multipoint displacement meters is 1-2m corresponding to the pressure monitoring section, the deformation condition of the surrounding rocks of the roadway is continuously observed, the monitoring data result is subjected to system analysis and research, and a deformation change process curve of the surrounding rocks of the roadway is obtained;
and fourthly, omnibearing remote dynamic monitoring is carried out, data acquisition boxes are installed near the cross sections of the anchor rods or anchor cable stress meters and multipoint displacement measurement points, a plurality of data acquisition boxes are connected in series to each middle section ring network switch in the underground kilomega optical fiber ring network system of the mine and are transmitted to a monitoring host of an earth surface centralized control center through an optical fiber ring network, and long-term observation and hazard early warning on the stress and deformation of the underground roadway surrounding rock are realized on the earth surface.
In the second step, each group of anchor rod or anchor cable strain gauges includes: constructing a 6-15m deep drill hole as a monitoring point on each of two sides and the top of the section of the roadway, wherein the bore diameter of the drill hole is 75-108 mm; embedding four anchor rods or anchor cable stressometers in each drill hole, and measuring the change of radial pressure inside the surrounding rock of the roadway; the distances from the four anchor rod stress meters to the roadway surface are respectively 0.5-1.0m, 1.5-2.0m, 3.0-3.5m and 4.5-5.0m, and the total of three drill holes is 12 anchor rod or anchor cable stress meters.
In the third step, the measuring points of each group of multipoint displacement meters are arranged as follows: constructing a 6-10m deep drilling hole as a monitoring point at each of the two sides and the top, wherein the hole diameter of the drilling hole is 128-159 mm; embedding four multi-point displacement meters in each drill hole, and measuring the axial displacement of the surrounding rock of the roadway along the drill hole; the distances from the four multipoint displacement meters to the roadway surface are respectively 1-1.9m, 2-2.9m, 3-3.9m and 4-5m, the hole bottom is a fixed point, and the total of three drill holes is 12 multipoint displacement meters.
And in the fourth step, the setting of the early warning parameters is determined by adopting an engineering similarity method according to the measured point engineering geological data, the engineering disclosure and the measured point monitoring values, and when the monitoring values reach the early warning parameters set by the system, the main well and the underground data acquisition box can give out an alarm, so that the all-dimensional ground pressure dynamic monitoring and safety early warning of the underground soft rock tunnel are realized.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the stress monitoring of the soft rock roadway surrounding rock and the deformation monitoring of the surrounding rock are closely linked to carry out comprehensive ground pressure monitoring, so that the continuous acquisition, online identification, intelligent analysis and disaster early warning of the underground mine soft rock roadway ground pressure dynamic information are realized, ground pressure disaster control measures are taken in time according to the monitoring condition, and the major disaster early warning capability of mine safety production is improved; the method has obvious effects of capturing the surrounding rock pressure and deformation rule of the roadway, is beneficial to the implementation of field organization, is economical and feasible, and can also provide reference for the design of a crushing stope bottom structure and a rock drilling chamber deformation monitoring system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of dynamic monitoring and early warning of comprehensive rock pressure of a soft rock tunnel according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a layout scheme of a roadway monitoring section anchor rod or anchor cable strain gauge according to the invention;
fig. 3 is a layout scheme of a multipoint displacement meter for monitoring a section of a roadway.
In the figure: the device comprises a soft rock roadway 1, an unexplored rock body 2, an anchor rod/anchor cable stress meter 3, a multipoint displacement meter 4, a stress data collector 5, a displacement data collector 6, a middle section ring network switch 7, an earth surface monitoring host machine 8, a top drilling hole 9, a left side drilling hole 10, a right side drilling hole 11 and an anchor rod 12.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings of the embodiments, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are a small part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without creative work based on the embodiments of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
A safety early warning and monitoring method for soft rock roadway ground pressure of an underground mine comprises the following steps:
firstly, determining a monitoring roadway section, selecting a roadway section with a broken rock mass which is critical to safe production according to engineering geological data and engineering practice disclosure, and installing ground pressure monitoring equipment, wherein the ground pressure monitoring is mainly stress and deformation monitoring;
secondly, monitoring the pressure of the surrounding rock of the roadway and analyzing data, wherein anchor rods or anchor cable stressometers are selected for monitoring the pressure of the surrounding rock of the roadway, a group of stressometers are arranged at intervals of 20-30 meters along the direction of the roadway, the pressure load change condition of the surrounding rock of the roadway is continuously observed, and the monitoring data result is subjected to system analysis and research to obtain a pressure load change process curve of the surrounding rock of the roadway;
thirdly, performing deformation monitoring and data analysis on the surrounding rocks of the roadway, wherein the deformation monitoring of the surrounding rocks of the roadway adopts a multipoint displacement meter, one group of the multipoint displacement meters is arranged at intervals of 20-30 meters along the trend of the roadway, the interval of the multipoint displacement meters is 1-2m corresponding to the pressure monitoring section, the deformation condition of the surrounding rocks of the roadway is continuously observed, the monitoring data result is subjected to system analysis and research, and a deformation change process curve of the surrounding rocks of the roadway is obtained;
and fourthly, omnibearing remote dynamic monitoring is carried out, data acquisition boxes are installed near the cross sections of the anchor rods or anchor cable stress meters and multipoint displacement measurement points, a plurality of data acquisition boxes are connected in series to each middle section ring network switch in the underground kilomega optical fiber ring network system of the mine and are transmitted to a monitoring host of an earth surface centralized control center through an optical fiber ring network, and long-term observation and hazard early warning on the stress and deformation of the underground roadway surrounding rock are realized on the earth surface.
In the second step, each group of anchor rod or anchor cable strain gauges includes: constructing a 6-15m deep drill hole as a monitoring point on each of two sides and the top of the section of the roadway, wherein the bore diameter of the drill hole is 75-108 mm; embedding four anchor rods or anchor cable stressometers in each drill hole, and measuring the change of radial pressure inside the surrounding rock of the roadway; the distances from the four anchor rod stress meters to the roadway surface are respectively 0.5-1.0m, 1.5-2.0m, 3.0-3.5m and 4.5-5.0m, and the total of three drill holes is 12 anchor rod or anchor cable stress meters.
In the third step, the measuring points of each group of multipoint displacement meters are arranged as follows: constructing a 6-10m deep drilling hole as a monitoring point at each of the two sides and the top, wherein the hole diameter of the drilling hole is 128-159 mm; embedding four multi-point displacement meters in each drill hole, and measuring the axial displacement of the surrounding rock of the roadway along the drill hole; the distances from the four multipoint displacement meters to the roadway surface are respectively 1-1.9m, 2-2.9m, 3-3.9m and 4-5m, the hole bottom is a fixed point, and the total of three drill holes is 12 multipoint displacement meters.
And in the fourth step, the setting of the early warning parameters is determined by adopting an engineering similarity method according to the measured point engineering geological data, the engineering disclosure and the measured point monitoring values, and when the monitoring values reach the early warning parameters set by the system, the main well and the underground data acquisition box can give out an alarm, so that the all-dimensional ground pressure dynamic monitoring and safety early warning of the underground soft rock tunnel are realized.
Example (b):
(1) firstly, determining a monitoring roadway section. The-230 m level of a certain iron ore is the first mining middle section and is very critical to safe production, so that typical sections are selected from the-230 m level footwall and the vein roadway to install the ground pressure monitoring equipment. 5 areas are selected in total, the section of the roadway is about 4.8 m multiplied by 3.85 m, the ground pressure monitoring is mainly stress and deformation monitoring, and anchor rod stressometers and multipoint displacement meters are adopted as ground pressure monitoring equipment.
(2) And secondly, monitoring the pressure of the surrounding rock of the roadway and analyzing data. And selecting anchor rod or anchor cable stressometers for monitoring the pressure of the surrounding rock of the roadway, arranging a group of stressometers at intervals of 20 meters along the trend of the roadway, continuously observing the pressure load change condition of the surrounding rock of the roadway, and carrying out system analysis and research on the monitoring data result to obtain a pressure load change process curve of the surrounding rock of the roadway.
Each set of stock stressmeter includes: and (3) constructing 1 deep drill hole with the depth of 6m on two sides and the top of the roadway section respectively to serve as a monitoring point, wherein the hole diameter of the drill hole is 75 mm. 4 anchor rod stress meters or anchor cable stress meters are buried in each drill hole, and the change of radial pressure inside the surrounding rock of the roadway is measured. The distances from the 4 anchor rod stressometers to the roadway surface are 0.5m, 1.5m, 3.0m and 4.5m respectively. The total of 12 anchor rods or anchor cable stressometers are drilled in 3 holes.
(3) And thirdly, monitoring deformation of the surrounding rock of the roadway and analyzing data. In order to facilitate analysis of the change rule of the internal pressure and deformation of the surrounding rock of the roadway, the change rule is mutually verified with the pressure change rule obtained by the pressure monitoring section, and deformation monitoring is carried out on the corresponding roadway section. And the roadway surrounding rock deformation monitoring adopts a multipoint displacement meter, a group of displacement meters are arranged at intervals of 20 meters along the roadway direction, and the distance between the displacement meters and the pressure monitoring section is 1 m. And continuously observing the deformation condition of the surrounding rock of the roadway, and performing system analysis research on the monitoring data result to obtain a deformation change process curve of the surrounding rock of the roadway.
The measuring point arrangement scheme of each group of multipoint displacement meters is the same as the pressure monitoring scheme. And 1 deep drill hole with the depth of 6m is constructed on each of the two sides and the top of the steel pipe to serve as a monitoring point, and the aperture of the drill hole is 128 mm. And 4 multi-point displacement meters are buried in each drill hole, and the axial displacement of the surrounding rock of the roadway along the drill hole is measured. The distances from the 4 multipoint displacement meters to the roadway surface are respectively 1m, 2m, 3m and 4m, the hole bottom is a fixed point, and the total of 3 drilling holes is 12 displacement meters.
(4) And fourthly, carrying out omnibearing remote dynamic monitoring. The data acquisition boxes are arranged near the cross sections of the measuring points of the anchor rods or the anchor cable stress meters and the multipoint displacement meters, and the data acquisition boxes are connected in series to each middle section ring network switch in the underground kilomega optical fiber ring network system of the mine and are transmitted to a monitoring host of a surface centralized control center through an optical fiber ring network. The long-term observation and hazard early warning of the stress and deformation of the underground roadway surrounding rock are realized on the earth surface.
The early warning values of the measuring points are set according to engineering geological data, engineering revelation, earth pressure monitoring values and the like of the measuring point region, and are determined by adopting an engineering similarity method, and the early warning values of different measuring points are inconsistent under the influence of the properties of surrounding rocks and a mining method. When the monitoring value reaches the early warning parameter set by the system, the main well and the underground data acquisition box can both send out an alarm. Therefore, the comprehensive dynamic monitoring and safety early warning of the ground pressure of the underground soft rock roadway are realized.
According to the invention, soft rock roadway surrounding rock stress monitoring and surrounding rock deformation monitoring are closely linked together to carry out comprehensive ground pressure monitoring, so that stress and deformation mechanisms of roadway surrounding rocks with different lithologies can be obtained; the continuous acquisition, online identification, intelligent analysis and disaster early warning of the ground pressure dynamic information of the soft rock roadway of the underground mine are realized, ground pressure disaster control measures are taken in time according to monitoring conditions, and the major disaster early warning capability of mine safety production is improved. Through practice, the method has obvious effect on capturing the pressure and deformation rule of the surrounding rock of the roadway, is beneficial to the implementation of site organization, and is economical and feasible. And also can provide reference for the design of a crushing stope bottom structure and a rock drilling chamber deformation monitoring system.
Claims (4)
1. The safety early warning and monitoring method for the soft rock roadway ground pressure of the underground mine is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
firstly, determining a monitoring roadway section, selecting a roadway section with a broken rock mass which is critical to safe production according to engineering geological data and engineering practice disclosure, and installing ground pressure monitoring equipment, wherein the ground pressure monitoring is mainly stress and deformation monitoring;
secondly, monitoring the pressure of the surrounding rock of the roadway and analyzing data, wherein anchor rods or anchor cable stressometers are selected for monitoring the pressure of the surrounding rock of the roadway, a group of stressometers are arranged at intervals of 20-30 meters along the direction of the roadway, the pressure load change condition of the surrounding rock of the roadway is continuously observed, and the monitoring data result is subjected to system analysis and research to obtain a pressure load change process curve of the surrounding rock of the roadway;
thirdly, performing deformation monitoring and data analysis on the surrounding rocks of the roadway, wherein the deformation monitoring of the surrounding rocks of the roadway adopts a multipoint displacement meter, one group of the multipoint displacement meters is arranged at intervals of 20-30 meters along the trend of the roadway, the interval of the multipoint displacement meters is 1-2m corresponding to the pressure monitoring section, the deformation condition of the surrounding rocks of the roadway is continuously observed, the monitoring data result is subjected to system analysis and research, and a deformation change process curve of the surrounding rocks of the roadway is obtained;
and fourthly, omnibearing remote dynamic monitoring is carried out, data acquisition boxes are installed near the cross sections of the anchor rods or anchor cable stress meters and multipoint displacement measurement points, a plurality of data acquisition boxes are connected in series to each middle section ring network switch in the underground kilomega optical fiber ring network system of the mine and are transmitted to a monitoring host of an earth surface centralized control center through an optical fiber ring network, and long-term observation and hazard early warning on the stress and deformation of the underground roadway surrounding rock are realized on the earth surface.
2. The underground mine soft rock roadway ground pressure safety early warning and monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the second step, each group of anchor rod or anchor cable strain gauges includes: constructing a 6-15m deep drill hole as a monitoring point on each of two sides and the top of the section of the roadway, wherein the bore diameter of the drill hole is 75-108 mm; embedding four anchor rods or anchor cable stressometers in each drill hole, and measuring the change of radial pressure inside the surrounding rock of the roadway; the distances from the four anchor rod stress meters to the roadway surface are respectively 0.5-1.0m, 1.5-2.0m, 3.0-3.5m and 4.5-5.0m, and the total of three drill holes is 12 anchor rod or anchor cable stress meters.
3. The underground mine soft rock roadway ground pressure safety early warning and monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the third step, the measuring points of each group of multipoint displacement meters are arranged as follows: constructing a 6-10m deep drilling hole as a monitoring point at each of the two sides and the top, wherein the hole diameter of the drilling hole is 128-159 mm; embedding four multi-point displacement meters in each drill hole, and measuring the axial displacement of the surrounding rock of the roadway along the drill hole; the distances from the four multipoint displacement meters to the roadway surface are respectively 1-1.9m, 2-2.9m, 3-3.9m and 4-5m, the hole bottom is a fixed point, and the total of three drill holes is 12 multipoint displacement meters.
4. The underground mine soft rock roadway ground pressure safety early warning and monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that: and in the fourth step, the setting of the early warning parameters is determined by adopting an engineering similarity method according to the measured point engineering geological data, the engineering disclosure and the measured point monitoring values, and when the monitoring values reach the early warning parameters set by the system, the main well and the underground data acquisition box can give out an alarm, so that the all-dimensional ground pressure dynamic monitoring and safety early warning of the underground soft rock tunnel are realized.
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| CN117128044A (en) * | 2023-08-28 | 2023-11-28 | 浙江华东测绘与工程安全技术有限公司 | Online early warning method for stability and safety of surrounding rock in underground cavity construction |
| CN117128044B (en) * | 2023-08-28 | 2024-04-02 | 浙江华东测绘与工程安全技术有限公司 | Online early warning method for stability and safety of surrounding rock in underground cavity construction |
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