CN113298140A - Mining rock mass quality quantitative evaluation and classification method based on drilling image - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for quantitatively evaluating and classifying the quality of a mined rock mass based on a drilling image, and relates to the technical field of mining engineering and solid material measurement. The method comprises the following steps: constructing and drilling holes in the roadway surrounding rock before mining influence, and observing a surrounding rock structural surface drilling image; dividing a filling closed structure surface, a filling cracking structure surface, a transverse cracking structure surface, a longitudinal cracking structure surface and a transverse crushing area; classifying and counting the structural surfaces on the drilling images, and determining the comprehensive width of the structural surfaces in each evaluation area; observing the drilling image of the surrounding rock structural surface again after the drilling is influenced by mining, dividing the structural surface category, carrying out classified statistics, and determining the comprehensive width of the structural surface in each evaluation area; and comparing the maximum value of the comprehensive width of the structural plane, classifying the quality of the mined rock mass, and respectively taking measures to reinforce the surrounding rocks of each classified rock mass. The evaluation and classification method provided by the method is more in accordance with the engineering practice, and has a guiding function on the tunnel repair and reinforcement measures.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mining engineering and solid material measurement, in particular to a mining rock mass quality quantitative evaluation and classification method based on a drilling image.
Background
The rock mass is a complex geologic body containing a large number of randomly distributed structural planes, and quality evaluation and classification of the complex geologic body are the basis of rock engineering design and are also important bases for coal mine underground disaster prediction. Researchers carry out a large amount of theoretical research and field practice on rock mass quality evaluation, and provide classical evaluation and classification methods such as 'RQD' indexes, 'RMR' indexes and 'Q' indexes according to different division standards. However, most of the methods are established for shallow tunnel surrounding rocks and hard jointed rock masses, certain limitations exist when evaluating weak coal rock masses with large buried depths, low joint development and low strength, and due to the influence of mining activities, cracks and joint development inside coal roadways are more complicated, and the existing rock mass quality evaluation and classification methods are not suitable for coal seam tunnel surrounding rock masses.
The borehole camera shooting technology depends on the optical principle, can directly observe the fracture distribution of the borehole wall, has the advantages of simple and convenient operation, high success rate and the like, and is widely applied to the detection and evaluation of the quality of the underground rock mass of the coal mine. However, at present, research mainly verifies the feasibility and accuracy of the rock mass quality evaluation method based on the borehole photography technology, but no specific evaluation criterion exists, and the rock mass quality can only be qualitatively analyzed but not quantitatively classified by using borehole images, so that the requirements of engineering practice cannot be met.
Therefore, there is a need for improvement and development of the existing methods and technologies to quantitatively evaluate and classify the quality of the mined rock mass based on the borehole image, thereby providing an accurate basis for field engineering.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a mining rock mass quality quantitative evaluation and classification method based on a drilling image, aiming at truly reflecting and accurately mastering the quality distribution characteristics of a rock mass after mining influence and guiding roadway surrounding rock control.
A mining rock mass quality quantitative evaluation and classification method based on a borehole image comprises the following steps:
s1, constructing a borehole before the surrounding rock of the roadway is influenced by mining, and observing a borehole image of a surrounding rock structural surface;
s2, dividing the surrounding rock structure surface into an unfilled closed structure surface, a filled cracked structure surface, a transverse cracked structure surface, a longitudinal cracked structure surface and a transverse crushing area according to the direction, the filling condition and the cracking condition of the structure surface;
s3, classifying and counting the structural surfaces on the drilling images, and determining the comprehensive width of the structural surfaces in each evaluation area;
s4, observing the drilling hole image of the surrounding rock structural surface again after the drilling hole in the roadway is influenced by mining, dividing the structural surface category, classifying and counting, and determining to obtain the comprehensive width of the structural surface in the evaluation area;
and S5, comparing the maximum value of the comprehensive width of the structural plane in the two observations, dividing the quality of the mined rock mass into complete, general, broken and extreme broken rock masses, and reinforcing the surrounding rocks of each classified rock mass by taking measures respectively.
Preferably, the drilling image is acquired by a drilling peeping instrument, the drilling image is a plane development image of the surrounding rock structural surface drilling, and a depth scale is marked in the image.
Preferably, the drill hole is perpendicular or oblique to a roadway roof, or perpendicular or oblique to a roadway side, the diameter of the drill hole is 30mm, the depth of the roof drill hole is 8-12m, and the depth of the roadway side drill hole is 2-5 m.
Preferably, the classification of the surrounding rock structural surface of the roadway is carried out by calculating the influence degree factor of the quality of the rock mass after mining influence by an analytic hierarchy process.
Further preferably, in step 3, the specific steps of classifying and counting the structural surface on the borehole image include:
s31, dividing the drilling image into a plurality of evaluation intervals h with the same length along the depth direction of the drilling hole;
s32, counting and calculating the comprehensive width S of the structural plane within the range of each unit evaluation interval hd，
Wherein SdThe comprehensive width of the structural surface in the evaluation interval is obtained; diOpening degree of ith structural plane in unit length of surrounding rock, WiAnd the influence factor is corresponding to the type of the ith structural plane.
It is also preferable that the influence factor W corresponds to the type of the ith structural planeiThe structural surface types are determined by an analytic hierarchy process and are divided into five types, namely a filling closed structural surface, a filling cracking structural surface, a transverse cracking structural surface, a longitudinal cracking structural surface and a transverse crushing area, and the corresponding influence factors are respectively 0.095, 1.00, 0.84, 0.72 and 0.48.
Further preferably, in step S4, the total width of the structural plane in the evaluation region is determined to be SddComprehensive width SdAnd SddThe same way of calculation.
Preferably, in the step 5, the maximum value [ S ] of the comprehensive width of the structural surface in each evaluation area before the surrounding rock of the roadway is influenced by mining is determined firstlyd]max, determining the complete rock mass standard Sdmax(ii) a And the maximum value [ S ] of the comprehensive width of the structural surface in each evaluation area after the surrounding rock of the roadway is influenced by miningdd]max, determining extreme crushingRock mass standard Sddmax。
It is also preferable that the evaluation criterion Δ be used during the division of the quality of the mined rock massd，
The mining rock mass quality is divided, in particular to S in an evaluation area after mining influencedd＝SdmaxThen, the regional rock mass belongs to the complete rock mass; s in the evaluation area after mining influencedmax＜Sdd＜Sdmax+ΔdWhen the region rock mass belongs to a general broken rock mass; evaluating S in the area after mining impactdmax+Δd＜Sdd＜Sdmax+2ΔdWhen the regional rock mass belongs to a broken rock mass; evaluating S in the area after mining impactdmax+2Δd＜SddIn time, the regional rock mass is extremely fragmented.
Preferably, the roadway surrounding rock structure of the complete rock mass and the general crushed rock mass is stable, and the roadway construction of the crushed rock mass area is supplemented with anchor rods or anchor cables to reinforce the support; and grouting to strengthen the support of the extremely broken rock mass.
The mining rock mass quality quantitative evaluation and classification method based on the borehole image has the advantages that the method utilizes the mining rock mass quality evaluation index, namely comprehensive width, to evaluate and classify, different influence degrees of different types of structure surfaces on surrounding rock crushing are comprehensively considered under the mining influence condition, the development condition of surrounding rock cracks along the depth direction can be well reflected, and the method has certain applicability to the mining rock mass quality evaluation; in addition, the rock mass distribution characteristics in each evaluation interval in the depth direction of the surrounding rock of the roadway have an important guiding function for adopting targeted repair and reinforcement measures; the monitoring results of the surrounding rocks of the same roadway are used for evaluation and classification, and the method is more suitable for engineering practice.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a mining rock mass quality quantitative evaluation and classification method based on a borehole image;
FIG. 2 is a structural plane comprehensive width statistical chart within the range of each unit evaluation interval h before mining influence;
FIG. 3 is a structural plane comprehensive width statistical chart within each unit evaluation interval h after mining influence.
Detailed Description
A specific embodiment of the mining rock mass quality quantitative evaluation and classification method based on the borehole image provided by the invention is described with reference to fig. 1 to 3.
Example 1
A mining rock mass quality quantitative evaluation and classification method based on a borehole image comprises the following specific steps:
s1, drilling holes in roadway surrounding rock before mining influence, and observing the drilling hole image of the surrounding rock structural surface.
The drilling image is acquired by a drilling peeping instrument, the drilling image is a plane development diagram of the surrounding rock structural surface drilling, and a depth scale is marked in the diagram. The drill hole is perpendicular or oblique crossed with a roadway top plate, or perpendicular or oblique crossed with a roadway side, the diameter of the drill hole is 30mm, the drilling depth of the top plate is 8-12m, and the drilling depth of the roadway side is 2-5 m.
And S2, dividing the surrounding rock structure surface into an unfilled closed structure surface, a filled cracked structure surface, a transverse cracked structure surface, a longitudinal cracked structure surface and a transverse crushing area according to the direction, the filling condition and the cracking condition of the structure surface.
The classification of the surrounding rock structural surface of the roadway can specifically adopt an analytic hierarchy process to calculate the influence degree factor of the mass of the rock body after mining influence.
And S3, classifying and counting the structural surfaces on the drilling images, and determining the comprehensive width of the structural surfaces in each evaluation area.
The specific steps of classifying and counting the structural surface on the drilling image comprise:
s31, dividing the drilling image into a plurality of evaluation intervals h with the same length along the depth direction of the drilling hole;
s32, counting and calculating the comprehensive width S of the structural plane within the range of each unit evaluation interval hd，
In the above formula, SdThe comprehensive width of the structural surface in the evaluation interval is obtained; diOpening degree of ith structural plane in unit length of surrounding rock, WiAnd the influence factor is corresponding to the type of the ith structural plane.
Influence factor W corresponding to type of ith structural planeiThe structural surface types are determined by an analytic hierarchy process and are divided into five types, namely a filling closed structural surface, a filling cracking structural surface, a transverse cracking structural surface, a longitudinal cracking structural surface and a transverse crushing area, and the corresponding influence factors are respectively 0.095, 1.00, 0.84, 0.72 and 0.48.
And S4, observing the drilling hole image of the surrounding rock structural surface again after the drilling hole in the roadway is influenced by mining, dividing the structural surface category, classifying and counting, and determining to obtain the comprehensive width of the structural surface in the evaluation area.
Determining to obtain the comprehensive width S of the structural surface in the evaluation areaddComprehensive width SdAnd SddThe same way of calculation.
The comprehensive width of the structural surface is SddThe specific steps of the calculation comprise:
s31, dividing the drilling image into a plurality of evaluation intervals h with the same length along the depth direction of the drilling hole;
s32, counting and calculating the comprehensive width S of the structural plane within the range of each unit evaluation interval hddComprehensive width SdAnd SddThe same way of calculation.
By using diOpening degree of ith structural plane in unit length of surrounding rock, and WiThe influence factor corresponding to the type of the ith structural plane, diAnd WiThe product is accumulated to calculate the comprehensive width S of the structural surfacedd。
And S5, comparing the maximum value of the comprehensive width of the structural plane in the two observations, dividing the quality of the mined rock mass into complete, general, broken and extreme broken rock masses, and reinforcing the surrounding rocks of each classified rock mass by taking measures respectively.
Specifically, the maximum value [ S ] of the comprehensive width of the structural surface in each evaluation area before the surrounding rock of the roadway is influenced by mining is determinedd]max, determining the complete rock mass standard Sdmax(ii) a And the maximum value [ S ] of the comprehensive width of the structural surface in each evaluation area after the surrounding rock of the roadway is influenced by miningdd]max, determining the extreme broken rock mass standard Sddmax。
In the process of mining rock mass quality division, the evaluation standard is deltad，
The mining rock mass quality is divided, in particular to S in an evaluation area after mining influencedd＝SdmaxThen, the regional rock mass belongs to the complete rock mass; s in the evaluation area after mining influencedmax＜Sdd＜Sdmax+ΔdWhen the region rock mass belongs to a general broken rock mass; evaluating S in the area after mining impactdmax+Δd＜Sdd＜Sdmax+2ΔdWhen the regional rock mass belongs to a broken rock mass; evaluating S in the area after mining impactdmax+2Δd＜SddIn time, the regional rock mass is extremely fragmented.
In addition, the classification grade can also be determined according to the repair reinforcement degree of the mining area after the roadway is influenced by mining, and according to the control requirement of the surrounding rock of the specific roadway, when S is useddd＜Sdd1In the process, after mining influence, rock masses in an evaluation area do not need to take any repair and reinforcement measures, and the rock masses in the area belong to common broken rock masses; when S isdd1＜Sdd＜Sdd2In the process, after mining influence, rock mass in an evaluation area needs to be additionally supported by anchor rods or anchor cables, and the rock mass in the area belongs to broken rock mass; when S isdd2＜Sdd＜Sdd3In the time, after mining influence, rock mass in an evaluation area needs grouting for reinforcing support, and the rock mass in the area belongs to extremely broken rock mass.
The roadway surrounding rock structure of the complete rock mass and the general broken rock mass is stable, and the roadway construction of the broken rock mass region is supplemented with anchor rods or anchor cables for reinforcing support; grouting reinforcement support for extremely broken rock mass construction.
The mining rock mass quality evaluation indexes, namely the comprehensive widths are used for evaluation and classification, different influence degrees of different types of structures on surrounding rock crushing are comprehensively considered under the mining influence condition, the development condition of surrounding rock cracks along the depth direction can be better reflected, and the mining rock mass quality evaluation method has certain applicability; in addition, the rock mass distribution characteristics in each evaluation interval in the depth direction of the surrounding rock of the roadway have an important guiding function for adopting targeted repair and reinforcement measures; the monitoring results of the surrounding rocks of the same roadway are used for evaluation and classification, and the method is more suitable for engineering practice.
Example 2
Taking a certain mine as an example, a mining rock mass quality quantitative evaluation and classification method based on a drilling image is explained.
S1: before the surrounding rock of a certain mine roadway is influenced by mining, drilling is carried out, the diameter of the drilled hole is 30mm, the drilling depth of a top plate is 8m, the angle between the drilling depth of a side part and the horizontal direction is 65 degrees, the drilling depth of the side part is 2m, the side wall is arranged vertically, and a drilling peeping instrument is used for carrying out field test to obtain a drilling image of the structural surface of the surrounding rock influenced by mining;
s2: classifying the surrounding rock structural surface of the roadway according to the direction of the structural surface, the filling characteristic and whether the structural surface is cracked, and dividing the surrounding rock structural surface into five types, namely a filling closed structural surface, a filling cracked structural surface, a transverse cracked structural surface, a longitudinal cracked structural surface and a transverse crushing area; and calculating the rock mass influence degree factors after mining influence of each structural surface by adopting an analytic hierarchy process, wherein the corresponding influence underestimation factors are respectively as follows: 0.095, 1.00, 0.84, 0.72, 0.48.
S3: classifying and counting the structural surface on the drilling image;
s31, dividing the drilling image into 8 unit evaluation intervals with the same length along the depth direction of the top plate drilling, wherein the unit evaluation interval h is 1 m; dividing the drilling image into 4 unit evaluation intervals with the same length along the depth direction of the upper drilling, wherein the unit evaluation interval h is 0.5 m;
s32, counting and calculating the comprehensive width S of the structural plane within the range of each unit evaluation interval hdAs shown in fig. 2.
In the formula, SdThe comprehensive width of the structural surface in the evaluation interval is obtained; diOpening degree of the ith structural plane in the surrounding rock with unit length; wiAnd the influence factor is corresponding to the type of the ith structural plane.
S4: utilizing the drill hole constructed in the first step to drill and peep the rock mass affected by mining to obtain the drill hole image of the surrounding rock structural surface affected by mining, and repeating the second step and the third step to obtain the comprehensive width S of the structural surface in each evaluation areaddAs shown in fig. 3.
S5: maximum value S of the comprehensive widths of the structural surfaces in each evaluation region before being affected by mining, which is obtained in step S3dmaxThe top plate drilling hole is 1.265cm, the side part drilling hole is 0.464cm, and the top plate drilling hole and the side part drilling hole are respectively the integrity standards of the roadway top plate rock mass and the roadway side rock mass; maximum value S of comprehensive width of structural surface in each evaluation area after being influenced by miningddmaxThe top plate drilling hole is 18.56cm, the wall part drilling hole is 27.568cm, the extreme crushing standard of the roadway top plate and the wall part rock mass is respectively, and the classification grade of the roadway top plate and the wall part rock mass is respectively calculated according to a formula: 8.648cm and 13.552cm, and the mass of the rock mass after mining influence is divided into: four types of intact, general break, break and extreme break.
After the roadway is influenced by mining, the quality classification standard of the roof rock mass is as follows: sddWhen the area is 1.265cm, the rock mass in the area belongs to a complete rock mass; s is more than 1.265cmddWhen the thickness is less than 9.913cm, the rock mass in the area belongs to a common broken rock mass; 9.913cm < SddWhen the area is less than 18.56cm, the rock mass in the area belongs to a broken rock mass; 18.56 < SddThe rock mass in this region is then of extremely fragmented rock mass.
After the roadway is influenced by mining, the quality classification standard of the slope rock mass is as follows: sddWhen the area is 0.464cm, the rock mass in the area belongs to a complete rock mass; s is less than 0.464cmddWhen the thickness is less than 14.016cm, the rock mass in the area belongs to a common broken rock mass; 14.016cm < SddWhen the area is less than 27.568cm, the rock mass in the area belongs to a broken rock mass; 27.568 < SddThe rock mass in this region is then of extremely fragmented rock mass.
It is to be understood that the above description is not intended to limit the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and those skilled in the art may make modifications, alterations, additions or substitutions within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A mining rock mass quality quantitative evaluation and classification method based on a borehole image is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, constructing a borehole before the surrounding rock of the roadway is influenced by mining, and observing a borehole image of a surrounding rock structural surface;
s2, dividing the surrounding rock structure surface into an unfilled closed structure surface, a filled cracked structure surface, a transverse cracked structure surface, a longitudinal cracked structure surface and a transverse crushing area according to the direction, the filling condition and the cracking condition of the structure surface;
s3, classifying and counting the structural surfaces on the drilling images, and determining the comprehensive width of the structural surfaces in each evaluation area;
s4, observing the drilling hole image of the surrounding rock structural surface again after the drilling hole in the roadway is influenced by mining, dividing the structural surface category, classifying and counting, and determining to obtain the comprehensive width of the structural surface in the evaluation area;
and S5, comparing the maximum value of the comprehensive width of the structural plane in the two observations, dividing the quality of the mined rock mass into complete, general, broken and extreme broken rock masses, and reinforcing the surrounding rocks of each classified rock mass by taking measures respectively.
2. The mining rock mass quality quantitative evaluation and classification method based on the borehole image as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the borehole image is obtained by a borehole speculum, the borehole image is a planar development of the surrounding rock structural surface borehole, and a depth scale is marked in the development.
3. The mining rock mass quality quantitative evaluation and classification method based on the borehole image as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the borehole is perpendicular or oblique to the roadway roof or perpendicular or oblique to the roadway slope, the borehole diameter is 30mm, the roof borehole depth is 8-12m, and the roadway slope borehole depth is 2-5 m.
4. The mining rock mass quality quantitative evaluation and classification method based on the borehole image as claimed in claim 1, wherein the roadway surrounding rock structural plane classification adopts an analytic hierarchy process to calculate the rock mass quality influence degree factor after mining influence.
5. The mining rock mass quality quantitative evaluation and classification method based on the borehole image according to claim 1, characterized in that in the step 3, the concrete steps of classifying and counting the structural plane on the borehole image comprise:
s31, dividing the drilling image into a plurality of evaluation intervals h with the same length along the depth direction of the drilling hole;
s32, counting and calculating the comprehensive width S of the structural plane within the range of each unit evaluation interval hd，
Wherein SdThe comprehensive width of the structural surface in the evaluation interval is obtained; diOpening degree of ith structural plane in unit length of surrounding rock, WiAnd the influence factor is corresponding to the type of the ith structural plane.
6. The mining rock mass quality quantitative evaluation and classification method based on the borehole image as claimed in claim 5, wherein the influence factor W corresponding to the type of the i-th structural planeiThe structural surface types are determined by an analytic hierarchy process and are divided into five types, namely a filling closed structural surface, a filling cracking structural surface, a transverse cracking structural surface, a longitudinal cracking structural surface and a transverse crushing area, and the corresponding influence factors are respectively 0.095, 1.00, 0.84, 0.72 and 0.48.
7. The mining rock mass quality quantitative evaluation and classification method based on the borehole image as claimed in claim 6, wherein in the step S4, the comprehensive width of the structural plane in the evaluation area is determined to be SddComprehensive width SdAnd SddThe same way of calculation.
8. The mining rock mass quality quantitative evaluation and classification method based on the borehole image as claimed in claim 7, wherein in the step 5, the maximum value [ S ] of the comprehensive width of the structural plane in each evaluation area of the roadway surrounding rock before being influenced by mining is determinedd]max, determining the complete rock mass standard Sdmax(ii) a And the maximum value [ S ] of the comprehensive width of the structural surface in each evaluation area after the surrounding rock of the roadway is influenced by miningdd]max, determining the extreme broken rock mass standard Sddmax。
9. The mining rock mass quality quantitative evaluation and classification method based on the borehole image as claimed in claim 7, wherein in the mining rock mass quality classification process, an evaluation criterion Δ is adoptedd，
The mining rock mass quality is divided, in particular to S in an evaluation area after mining influencedd＝SdmaxThen, the regional rock mass belongs to the complete rock mass; s in the evaluation area after mining influencedmax＜Sdd＜Sdmax+ΔdWhen the region rock mass belongs to a general broken rock mass; evaluating S in the area after mining impactdmax+Δd＜Sdd＜Sdmax+2ΔdWhen the regional rock mass belongs to a broken rock mass; evaluating S in the area after mining impactdmax+2Δd＜SddIn time, the regional rock mass is extremely fragmented.
10. The mining rock mass quality quantitative evaluation and classification method based on the borehole image is characterized in that the roadway surrounding rock structures of the complete rock mass and the general fractured rock mass are stable, and the roadway construction of the fractured rock mass region is supplemented with anchor rods or anchor cables for reinforcing support; and grouting to strengthen the support of the extremely broken rock mass.
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