CN104181611B - A kind of mine working face roof and floor Mining failure cranny development dynamic monitoring method - Google Patents
A kind of mine working face roof and floor Mining failure cranny development dynamic monitoring method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to mine working face roof and floor mining-induced fissure Detection Techniques field, relate to a kind of mine working face roof and floor Mining failure cranny development dynamic monitoring method, first country rock numerical simulation is adopted to mine working face, according to numerical simulation calculation result and workplace roof and floor plastic region distribution situation, in roadway workface, construction is bored nest and is arranged three groups of cranny development dynamic instrumentation holes; The wall-rock crack dynamic monitoring exploration hole of recycling construction, arranges electrode, tunnel electrode and survey line in exploration hole, carries out data acquisition by data acquisition transmission line to workplace; Then set up geophysical model set up and carry out data FORWARD AND INVERSE PROBLEMS; Finally mine working face roof and floor Mining failure crack is analyzed; Its monitoring technique is simple, and easy to operate, construction safety, designs rigorous, rational in infrastructure, and underground construction is convenient, and data acquisition efficiency is high.
Description
Technical field:
The invention belongs to mine working face roof and floor mining-induced fissure Detection Techniques field, relate to a kind of mine working face roof and floor Mining failure cranny development dynamic monitoring method based on resistivity detection.
Background technology:
Along with the exploitation of coal resources, Chinese coal mining depth is shifted to deep by superficial part; Coal bases by, east shifts to western, the northwestward gradually, for deep fractures resource exploitation, tectonic structure and hydrogeology increasingly sophisticated, rock pressure [in mine, the mining-induced stress collapse dept to base plate continues to increase, and Water Inrush problem is day by day serious; For Ningxia, Western Ordos Basin, Shaanxi and coal seam, Xinjiang, Roof Rock Strata of Coal Seam mostly is the partially soft mud stone of mechanical properties of rock, the glutenite partially hard with mechanical properties of rock and sandstone form, because the glutenite water in the strata sell water in four band theories on coal seam, upper three band theories will become its roof water inrush key factor, and key factor-mining-induced fissure development height in roof and floor gushing water problem and the degree of depth, become the important content of research mechanism of water inrush.
At present, boring double-end sealing leak detection method, supersonic sounding, borehole imaging method and geophysical prospecting method is had to the main method of Seam Mining cranny development detection, wherein ultrasonic detection method is only applicable to the situation that there is water in seat earth boring, water is wherein as ultrasonic wave-coupled medium, but for there is not bottom plate hole or the top board water producing fractures observation port of water, the method cannot be constructed; The detection principle of borehole imaging method is the imaging of borehole camera head, the cranny development degree only by observing the cranny development of boring country rock crag infer whole rock stratum; When there is muddy water, high-temperature steam in the borehole, borehole imaging cannot be observed equally; Using more in geophysical prospecting method is boring resistivity method, by measuring the electrical property feature of boring country rock, utilize the corresponding relation between crack-resistivity, be finally inversed by the characteristics of fracture development of whole rock stratum, but the method survey line is all positioned at boring, mutually cannot measure with digging tunnel, all cannot realize the form of mining-induced fissure, dynamic evolution; Double-end sealing leak detection method detects the most practical, the comprehensive means of water producing fractures at present, by the water filling to closed section, utilize the corresponding relation between water injection rate-cranny development degree, the development degree of detection mining-induced fissure, but the method site operation needs corresponding water, air pipe line, also the developmental morphology of mining-induced fissure cannot be presented dynamically, particularly higher boring is grown for roof fracture, due to the existence of hydrostatic force, water injecting pipeline realizes owing to relying on drilling rod, and the closure of water injecting pipeline hinders the detection to thick seam water flowing fractured zone; Grow darker observation port for base plate mining-induced fissure, equally due to the existence of hydrostatic force, cause water injection pressure higher, balloon occlusion becomes the main bugbear affecting accuracy of observation.In sum, existing Seam Mining cranny development detection method all has its corresponding limitation.
Summary of the invention:
The object of the invention is to the shortcoming overcoming prior art existence, a kind of workplace roof and floor Mining failure cranny development dynamic monitoring method based on resistivity detection is provided, utilize high density DC electrical method technology, in conjunction with balloon occlusion principle, make by utilizing DC electrical method effectively to developmental morphology, the rule real-time monitored in workplace roof and floor crack, effective early warning can be carried out to roof and floor gushing water simultaneously.
To achieve these goals, the present invention includes mine working face and adopt country rock numerical simulation, mine working face roof and floor mining-induced fissure dynamic monitoring drilling design and construction, monitoring boring electrical data dynamic acquisition, geophysical model foundation and data FORWARD AND INVERSE PROBLEMS and mine working face roof and floor Mining failure crack analysis five steps, its concrete observation process is:
(1), mine working face adopts country rock numerical simulation: according to the existing borehole data of mine, gather Adjacent Working Face adjoining rock rock sample, and three axle rock mechanics experiments are carried out to rock sample, obtain rock mechanics parameters, the rock mechanics parameters of acquisition is used in workplace roof and floor surrounding rock failure numerical simulation calculation; Carry out numerical simulation according to the actual geology of mine working face and hydrological geological conditions, and the elastoplasticity region that workplace adjoining rock is grown by mining influence is analyzed;
(2), mine working face roof and floor mining-induced fissure dynamic monitoring drilling design and construction: the numerical simulation calculation result obtained according to step (1), again according to workplace roof and floor plastic region distribution situation, in roadway workface, construction is bored nest and is arranged three groups of cranny development dynamic instrumentation holes, often organize cranny development dynamic monitoring hole to be made up of four exploration holes, wherein top board exploration hole is two, and the angle of inclination of a top board exploration hole is greater than the angle of inclination of another top board exploration hole; Base plate exploration hole is similarly two, and the angle of inclination of a base plate exploration hole is greater than the angle of inclination of another base plate exploration hole; , boring plagioclase and angle take numerical simulation as foundation;
(3), exploration hole electrical data dynamic acquisition: the wall-rock crack dynamic monitoring exploration hole utilizing construction, electrode, tunnel electrode and survey line in exploration hole are arranged, all arrange a survey line in each exploration hole, monitoring is provided with data acquisition transmission line and electrode in hole; Three surveys line are arranged continuously in tunnel; After arrangement of measuring-line completes, carry out data acquisition by data acquisition transmission line to workplace, workplace often advances 10m all to carry out electrical data collection to survey line;
(4), geophysical model is set up and data FORWARD AND INVERSE PROBLEMS: the exploration hole electrical data collected according to step (3), and in conjunction with the geology of workplace adjoining rock, hydrogeology and Geophysical Properties, set up dipping bed spheroidal earth physical model, in order to increase workplace roof and floor mining-induced fissure response sensitivity, improve crack resolution characteristic; And utilize the dipping bed spheroidal earth physical model set up to build based on the forward simulation program of existing ansys software and the inversion program based on Gauss-pseudo-Newtonian algorithm;
(5), mine working face roof and floor Mining failure crack is analyzed: combine and affect workplace roof and floor mining-induced fissure developmental factors, according to the dynamic monitor result, to workplace roof and floor cranny development rule, form, top board Breaking belt development height, base plate mining-induced fissure Growth Depth is analyzed, simultaneously, utilize theoretical and lower four bands of upper three bands theoretical, analyze the watery in roof and floor water-bearing zone, relative water resisting layer thickness, mutual relationship between mining-induced fissure growth etc., to roof and floor water damage occurrence type, threaten degree and water yield are evaluated, ensure workplace safety coal extraction.
Rock mechanics parameters of the present invention comprises the size (being mainly the span L of workplace) of workplace, drawing speed, workplace roof and floor rock lithology, coal mining thickness and adjoining rock rock mechanics parameters.
Top board exploration hole of the present invention and base plate exploration hole are separately positioned in the brill nest in workplace track lane and belt lane, the aperture of top board exploration hole and base plate exploration hole is 85mm, wherein top board exploration hole is 150m in the projected length in workplace track lane, and maximum hole depth is no more than 200m; The projected length of base plate exploration hole in belt lane is 150m, and maximum vertical depth is 30m.
Survey line of the present invention adopts high-density resistivity survey line, electrode in top board exploration hole and base plate exploration hole adopts ring electrode, pole layout adopts plugging device, shutoff medium is gas or water, shutoff pressure 1MP, the air bag of plugging device is fixed on pipeline, pipeline is the sealing pipeline of PVC material, air bag is by pneumatopyle injection shutoff medium, the expansion of plenum space makes ring electrode contact with the hole wall of exploration hole, and ring electrode is connected with helical multi-core cable the transmission carrying out data by electrode connecting line and connecting line; Plenum space adopts the aerating device be made up of Aerating needle and proofed sleeve to inflate, the multiple air bag of aerating device is separate, avoid during exploration hole collapse hole, causing air bag entirety reveal and ring electrode cannot be contacted with the hole wall of exploration hole, helical multi-core cable is the connecting line of ring electrode and external acquisition instrument, and its helical structure is avoided pulling apart during collapse hole; Helical multi-core cable adopts lobe type Seal Design when picking out pipeline, and be buckled in the jack of pipeline by lobe type sealing-plug, sealing shroud is by helical multi-core cable and lobe type sealing-plug fixing seal; Electrode separation in top board exploration hole and base plate exploration hole is 5m, and the plagioclase according to exploration hole arranges number of electrodes, and the survey line length be laid in lane, workplace road is 450m, and electrode separation is similarly 5m; When carrying out data acquisition, adopt existing two pole data collectors, three pole data collectors, dipole equatorial data collector, several data harvester comprehensively rejects spurious anomaly, improves detection accuracy.
The present invention compared with prior art, can to adopting the form of Seam Roof And Floor cranny development, law of development carries out real-time dynamic monitoring, solve in the past to the limitation of Seam Mining crack Detection Techniques, expand cranny development detection application environment; Its monitoring technique is simple, and easy to operate, construction safety, designs rigorous, rational in infrastructure, and underground construction is convenient, and data acquisition efficiency is high.
Accompanying drawing illustrates:
Fig. 1 is mine working face roof and floor mining-induced fissure Developmental stage monitoring principle schematic diagram of the present invention, and wherein 101 is top board exploration hole, and 102 is base plate exploration hole, and 103 is roadway floor survey line.
Fig. 2 is arrangement of measuring-line structural principle schematic diagram of the present invention, and wherein 101 is top board exploration hole, and 102 is base plate exploration hole, and 103 is roadway floor survey line, and 104 is electrode position.
Fig. 3 is exploration hole arrangement principle schematic of the present invention, and wherein 105 is top board exploration hole 1#, and 106 is top board exploration hole 2#, and 107 is goaf, and 108 is tunnel, and 109 for boring nest.
Fig. 4 is electrode structure principle schematic of the present invention, comprising pneumatopyle 114, ring electrode 115, air bag 116 and helical multi-core cable 117.
Fig. 5 is electrode cross section structure principle schematic of the present invention, comprising ring electrode 115, air bag 116 and helical multi-core cable 117, electrode connecting line 121, plenum space 122, Aerating needle 123, proofed sleeve 124 and connecting line 125.
Fig. 6 is helical multi-core cable seal pore structure principle schematic of the present invention, comprising helical multi-core cable 117, lobe type sealing-plug 118, sealing shroud 119 and pipeline 120.
Fig. 7 is the dipping bed spheroidal earth physics forward model schematic diagram that the present invention sets up, comprising model meshes node 110,1 model boundary 111, model unit border 112 and model unit 113.
Embodiment:
Below by embodiment, also the invention will be further described by reference to the accompanying drawings.
Embodiment:
The present embodiment mainly comprises mine working face and adopts country rock numerical simulation, mine working face roof and floor mining-induced fissure dynamic monitoring drilling design and construction, monitoring boring electrical data dynamic acquisition, geophysical model foundation and data FORWARD AND INVERSE PROBLEMS and mine working face roof and floor Mining failure crack analysis five steps:
(1) mine working face adopts country rock numerical simulation
Thick, the production technique such as large span, caving technology is adopted greatly because current workplace is, mining-induced fissure development mechanism in the past all cannot to the growth scope of mining-induced fissure, adopt country rock elastoplasticity region and estimate, therefore mine exploratory hole core is in the past utilized, carry out three axle rock mechanics experiments, and carry out numerical simulation calculation according to the rock mechanics parameters obtained; When numerical simulation is carried out to the growth of workplace roof and floor mining-induced fissure, add to combine at present to adopt and combine and the production practice such as to put to the major influence factors of cranny development, comprise the size (being mainly the span L of workplace) of workplace, drawing speed, workplace roof and floor rock lithology, coal mining thickness, adjoining rock rock mechanics parameters etc., by adding above affecting parameters, adjoining rock cranny development simulation precision is significantly improved, more effectively instructs the construction in dynamic monitoring hole;
(2) drilling well workplace roof and floor mining-induced fissure dynamic monitoring hole construction
According to numerical simulation calculation result, bore accordingly in mine working face track lane and belt lane in nest 109 and use three groups of cranny development dynamic monitoring holes, often organize cranny development dynamic monitoring hole to be made up of four monitoring holes, wherein top board exploration hole 101 is two, a low angle (top board exploration hole 2#106), a high angle (top board exploration hole 1#105); Base plate exploration hole 102 is similarly two, a low angle, a high angle, and arranges high-density electric survey line, and after having arranged, workplace often advances 10m, carries out data acquisition; Wherein the aperture in roof and floor crack dynamic monitoring hole is 85mm, and wherein top board exploration hole 101 is 150m in tunnel projected length, and maximum hole depth is no more than 200m, and angle and hole depth are defined as numerical simulation for instructing; Base plate exploration hole 102 is 150m in tunnel projected length, and maximum vertical depth is 30m, and boring plagioclase and angle are instruct with numerical simulation;
(3) drilling well workplace roof and floor mining-induced fissure dynamic monitoring
After the construction of roof and floor mining-induced fissure observation port, arrange dynamic monitoring high-density resistivity survey line, in exploration hole arrangement of electrodes adopt gas water seal block up contact device, and plugging device is closed separately, both ensured that electrode contacted with hole wall tightly, guaranteed again that collapse hole caused whole air bag to leak gas; Transmission line in pipeline adopts screw, in case cause transmission line to rupture when dynamic monitoring holes caves in;
Electrode in top board exploration hole 101 and base plate exploration hole 102 adopts ring electrode 115, pole layout adopts plugging device, shutoff medium is gas or water, shutoff pressure 1MP, the air bag 116 of plugging device is fixed on pipeline 120, pipeline 120 is the sealing pipeline of PVC material, air bag 116 injects shutoff medium by pneumatopyle 114, the expansion of plenum space 122 makes ring electrode 115 contact with the hole wall of exploration hole, and ring electrode 115 is connected respectively by electrode connecting line 121 and connecting line 125 transmission carrying out data with helical multi-core cable 117; Plenum space 122 adopts the aerating device be made up of Aerating needle 123 and proofed sleeve 124 to inflate, aerating device multiple air bag 116 is separate, avoid during exploration hole collapse hole, causing air bag 116 entirety reveal and ring electrode 115 cannot be contacted with the hole wall of exploration hole, helical multi-core cable 117 is the connecting line of ring electrode 115 and external acquisition instrument, and its helical structure is avoided pulling apart during collapse hole; Helicoidal polycore cable 117 adopts lobe type Seal Design when picking out pipeline 120, and be buckled in the jack of pipeline 120 by lobe type sealing-plug 118, sealing shroud 119 is by helical multi-core cable 117 and lobe type sealing-plug 118 fixing seal; Electrode separation in top board exploration hole 101 and base plate exploration hole 102 is 5m, and the plagioclase according to exploration hole arranges number of electrodes, and the survey line length be laid in lane, workplace road is 450m, and electrode separation is similarly 5m; When carrying out data acquisition, adopt existing two pole data collectors, three pole data collectors, dipole equatorial data collector, several data harvester comprehensively rejects spurious anomaly, improves detection accuracy;
(4) based on the geophysics Forward Modeling and Inversion simulation of adopting wall rock drill-hole dynamic monitoring
According to the orientation of exposure rock stratum, detection of dynamic hole, set up dipping bed spheroidal earth physical model; Utilize dipping bed spheroidal earth physical model, develop the forward simulation program based on ansys software, develop the inversion program based on Gauss-pseudo-Newtonian algorithm; Set up dipping bed spheroidal earth physics forward model to be made up of model meshes node 110,1 model boundary 111, model unit border 112 and model unit 113, just drilling based on software application ansys Finite Element software for calculation, exploitation just drills program, and program is as follows:
/prep7
k,1,-800
k,2,800
k,3,-800,5
k,4,800,5
k,5,-300,-10
k,6,300,-10
k,7,-300
k,8,300
k,9,-800,-10
k,10,800,-10
k,11,-800,-500
k,12,800,-500
k,13,-800,400
k,14,800,400
k,15,100,40
k,16,120,40
k,17,100,80
k,18,120,80
a,1,2,4,3
a,5,6,8,7
a,1,9,5,7
a,6,10,2,8
a,9,11,12,10
a,3,4,14,13
a,15,17,18,16
aovlap,all
aglue,all
numcmp,area
save
This program has just been drilled mining-induced fissure and has been destroyed characteristics of distribution of geophysi-cal fields, be convenient to follow-up Inversion Calculation, data processing adopts the inversion theory based on Gauss-pseudo-Newtonian algorithm, by reducing the error between forward model and image data, finally determines inverse model;
(5) mine working face roof and floor Mining failure crack data interpretation
Pass through dynamic monitoring, the rule that analytical work face roof and floor wall-rock crack is grown and developing stratum, utilize theoretical, lower four bands of upper three bands theoretical, analyze the mutual relationship between watery, relative water resisting layer thickness, mining-induced fissure growth etc. in roof and floor water-bearing zone, evaluate the evaluation of roof and floor Spray water way, safeguard work face safety coal extraction.
Claims (4)
1. a mine working face roof and floor Mining failure cranny development dynamic monitoring method, it is characterized in that comprising mine working face adopts country rock numerical simulation, mine working face roof and floor mining-induced fissure dynamic monitoring drilling design and construction, monitoring boring electrical data dynamic acquisition, geophysical model foundation and data FORWARD AND INVERSE PROBLEMS and mine working face roof and floor Mining failure crack analysis five steps, its concrete observation process is:
(1), mine working face adopts country rock numerical simulation: according to the existing borehole data of mine, gather Adjacent Working Face adjoining rock rock sample, and three axle rock mechanics experiments are carried out to rock sample, obtain rock mechanics parameters, the rock mechanics parameters of acquisition is used in workplace roof and floor surrounding rock failure numerical simulation calculation; Carry out numerical simulation according to the actual geology of mine working face and hydrological geological conditions, and the elastoplasticity region that workplace adjoining rock is grown by mining influence is analyzed;
(2), mine working face roof and floor mining-induced fissure dynamic monitoring drilling design and construction: the numerical simulation calculation result obtained according to step (1), again according to workplace roof and floor plastic region distribution situation, in roadway workface, construction is bored nest and is arranged three groups of cranny development dynamic instrumentation holes, often organize cranny development dynamic instrumentation hole to be made up of four exploration holes, wherein top board exploration hole is two, and the angle of inclination of a top board exploration hole is greater than the angle of inclination of another top board exploration hole; Base plate exploration hole is similarly two, and the angle of inclination of a base plate exploration hole is greater than the angle of inclination of another base plate exploration hole, and boring plagioclase and angle take numerical simulation as foundation;
(3), exploration hole electrical data dynamic acquisition: the wall-rock crack Developmental stage exploration hole utilizing construction, electrode, tunnel electrode and survey line in exploration hole are arranged, all arrange a survey line in each exploration hole, in exploration hole, be provided with data acquisition transmission line and electrode; Three surveys line are arranged continuously in tunnel; After arrangement of measuring-line completes, carry out data acquisition by data acquisition transmission line to workplace, workplace often advances 10m all to carry out electrical data collection to survey line;
(4), geophysical model is set up and data FORWARD AND INVERSE PROBLEMS: the exploration hole electrical data collected according to step (3), and in conjunction with the geology of workplace adjoining rock, hydrogeology and Geophysical Properties, set up dipping bed spheroidal earth physical model, in order to increase workplace roof and floor mining-induced fissure response sensitivity, improve crack resolution characteristic; And utilize the dipping bed spheroidal earth physical model set up to build based on the forward simulation program of existing ansys software and the inversion program based on Gauss-pseudo-Newtonian algorithm;
(5), mine working face roof and floor Mining failure crack is analyzed: combine and affect workplace roof and floor mining-induced fissure developmental factors, according to the dynamic monitor result, to workplace roof and floor cranny development rule, form, top board Breaking belt development height, base plate mining-induced fissure Growth Depth is analyzed, simultaneously, utilize theoretical and lower four bands of upper three bands theoretical, analyze the watery in roof and floor water-bearing zone, relative water resisting layer thickness, mutual relationship between mining-induced fissure growth, to roof and floor water damage occurrence type, threaten degree and water yield are evaluated, ensure workplace safety coal extraction.
2. mine working face roof and floor Mining failure cranny development dynamic monitoring method according to claim 1, is characterized in that described rock mechanics parameters comprises the size of workplace, drawing speed, workplace roof and floor rock lithology, coal mining thickness and adjoining rock rock mechanics parameters.
3. mine working face roof and floor Mining failure cranny development dynamic monitoring method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described top board exploration hole and base plate exploration hole are separately positioned in the brill nest in workplace track lane and belt lane, the aperture of top board exploration hole and base plate exploration hole is 85mm, wherein top board exploration hole is 150m in the projected length in workplace track lane, and maximum hole depth is no more than 200m; The projected length of base plate exploration hole in belt lane is 150m, and maximum vertical depth is 30m.
4. mine working face roof and floor Mining failure cranny development dynamic monitoring method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described survey line adopts high-density resistivity survey line, electrode in top board exploration hole and base plate exploration hole adopts ring electrode, pole layout adopts plugging device, shutoff medium is gas or water, shutoff pressure 1MP, the air bag of plugging device is fixed on pipeline, pipeline is the sealing pipeline of PVC material, air bag is by pneumatopyle injection shutoff medium, the expansion of plenum space makes ring electrode contact with the hole wall of exploration hole, ring electrode is connected by electrode connecting line and data acquisition transmission line the transmission carrying out data with helical multi-core cable, plenum space adopts the aerating device be made up of Aerating needle and proofed sleeve to inflate, the multiple air bag of aerating device is separate, avoid during exploration hole collapse hole, causing air bag entirety reveal and ring electrode cannot be contacted with the hole wall of exploration hole, helical multi-core cable is the connecting line of ring electrode and external acquisition instrument, and its helical structure is avoided pulling apart during collapse hole, helical multi-core cable adopts lobe type Seal Design when picking out pipeline, and be buckled in the jack of pipeline by lobe type sealing-plug, sealing shroud is by helical multi-core cable and lobe type sealing-plug fixing seal, electrode separation in top board exploration hole and base plate exploration hole is 5m, and the plagioclase according to exploration hole arranges number of electrodes, and the survey line length be laid in lane, workplace road is 450m, and electrode separation is similarly 5m, when carrying out data acquisition, adopt existing two pole data collectors, three pole data collectors, dipole equatorial data collector, several data harvester comprehensively rejects spurious anomaly, improves detection accuracy.
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| CN102997886A (en) * | 2012-11-15 | 2013-03-27 | 内蒙古科技大学 | Monitoring method for remotely measuring and controlling damage depths of floor strata |
| CN102998719A (en) * | 2012-12-03 | 2013-03-27 | 山东大学 | Underground engineering water-containing body structure forecasting system and method based on rock mass temperature field |
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2014
- 2014-08-28 CN CN201410428556.0A patent/CN104181611B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA2302995A1 (en) * | 2000-03-24 | 2001-09-24 | Alexander Thomas Rozak | Method for measuring fracture porosity in coal seams using geophysical logs |
| CN102997886A (en) * | 2012-11-15 | 2013-03-27 | 内蒙古科技大学 | Monitoring method for remotely measuring and controlling damage depths of floor strata |
| CN102998719A (en) * | 2012-12-03 | 2013-03-27 | 山东大学 | Underground engineering water-containing body structure forecasting system and method based on rock mass temperature field |
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| 煤层底板变形与破坏规律直流电阻率CT探测;高召宁等;《重庆大学学报》;第34卷(第08期);第90-96页 * |
| 煤层底板导水裂隙演化规律的电法探测研究;刘树才等;《岩石力学与工程学报》;20090215;第28卷(第02期);第348-355页 * |
| 采煤面覆岩变形与破坏立体电法动态测试;张平松等;《岩石力学与工程学报》;20090915;第28卷(第09期);第1870-1875页 * |
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