CN112879093B - Fault water inrush risk quantitative evaluation method - Google Patents
Fault water inrush risk quantitative evaluation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112879093B CN112879093B CN202110116441.8A CN202110116441A CN112879093B CN 112879093 B CN112879093 B CN 112879093B CN 202110116441 A CN202110116441 A CN 202110116441A CN 112879093 B CN112879093 B CN 112879093B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/04—Directional drilling
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/20—Driving or forcing casings or pipes into boreholes, e.g. sinking; Simultaneously drilling and casing boreholes
Abstract
The invention discloses a fault water inrush risk quantitative evaluation method, which specifically comprises the steps of analyzing a nearest main water-rich aquifer connected with a fault according to data to obtain water pressure data P0 of the water-rich aquifer; when the underground tunnel is tunneled, stopping tunneling when the distance L from the fault is a certain distance; arranging a test drill hole on the head-on section of the tunnel; carrying out a water injection test by using the test drill hole and recording water injection flow and water injection pressure data; drawing a water injection flow and water injection pressure time-duration curve to obtain a fault water blocking pressure P1; finally, calculating a fault safety factor n which is P1/P0; the method is simple in principle, and can effectively prevent the problem of water inrush of the water guide fault during tunneling without water guide under the original state.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of fault water inrush risk quantitative evaluation methods, in particular to a fault water inrush risk quantitative evaluation method.
Background
The fault is one of the most common fracture structures, stratum dislocation is caused by the fault, the fault is in a broken state and generally has a discrete structure, the overall strength is weak, and the water resistance is poor. Fault water inrush is the most common water damage form of underground engineering, and taking coal mines as an example, about 80% of water inrush accidents are related to faults according to statistics of related experts.
The fault water inrush forms mainly include the following three types: the tunnel and tunnel (tunnel and tunnel for short) of the first underground engineering are tunneled to directly expose fault, the fault is in water-conducting state, and because the detection work is not carried out, water is directly gushed after the fault is exposed; the second method adopts geophysical prospecting and drilling modes to detect that the fault does not contain water diversion, after the underground engineering tunnels and reveals the fault, the underground engineering causes ground stress change to disturb the fault, so that the fault is activated, and further water damage accidents occur on the fault; the third underground engineering tunneling does not directly expose the fault, but because the distance from the fault is small, the thickness and the pressure bearing capacity of the waterproof and waterproof rock pillar are insufficient, fault water breaks through the waterproof and waterproof rock pillar and enters the underground engineering. Under the current situation, along with the improvement of the national and industrial requirements on water detection and drainage work and the strict degree of supervision, the first and third situations can be completely avoided. For example, clear requirements are put forward on the detection and release of fault water in coal mine safety regulations and coal mine water control rules issued by the state, and the first water inrush accident can be completely avoided as long as the detection is carried out according to the requirements; in addition, the strict regulations on the reserved thickness of the waterproof coal rock pillar under different working conditions are also provided in the coal mine water control regulations, and a third fault water damage accident cannot occur according to the reserved thickness. At present, the second water damage accident prevention has certain difficulty, and apparently, the fault does not contain water during normal detection (namely the fault does not contain water in the original state), and the fault conducts water during tunneling, which requires necessary research and evaluation work, so that an effective evaluation method is invented to evaluate the water inrush risk of the fault.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the technical defects, the invention aims to provide a fault water inrush risk quantitative evaluation method, which is based on data measured on site to carry out evaluation work, can obtain the fault safety coefficient when underground engineering tunnels through the fault, has a simple principle, and can effectively prevent the problem of water inrush of the water guide fault when tunneling without water guide under the original state.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a fault water inrush risk quantitative evaluation method, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, determining fault positions, fault trends, fault dip angles and fault distance parameters according to the original data, analyzing the nearest main water-rich aquifers connected with the faults, and obtaining water pressure data P0 of the main water-rich aquifers;
s2, stopping tunneling when the underground tunnel tunnels at a certain distance L from the fault;
s3, arranging a test drill hole on the head-on section of the tunnel and installing an orifice sleeve, wherein the extension direction of the test drill hole is between the extension direction of the tunnel and the main water-rich aquifer, and the test drill hole penetrates through a fault fracture zone;
s4, carrying out a water injection test by using the test drill holes, wherein the water injection test adopts a mode of increasing water injection flow step by step, and water injection flow and water injection pressure data are continuously recorded during the water injection test;
s5, drawing a water injection flow and water injection pressure duration curve, and obtaining fault water blocking pressure P1 according to the curve; finally calculating the fault safety factor n which is P1/P0,
s6, judging whether the fault is safe, if n is less than 1.2, the fault is unsafe, and water inrush accidents are easy to happen when a tunnel is tunneled and passes through the fault; and when n is greater than 1.2, the fault is safe, and the water inrush accident is not easy to happen immediately when the tunnel roadway tunnels through the fault.
Preferably, in step S2, the distance L is calculated and determined according to a calculation formula of the reserved width of the water-containing or water-diversion fault water-proof and water-proof coal pillar provided by the rules of coal mine water conservation, and whether the front fault is in the water diversion state or not during calculation, the calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula, the reserved width of the L-coal pillar is m;
k-safety coefficient, taking 2-5;
m is the thickness of the coal seam or the height of a mining height and a tunnel, and M is the height of the tunnel;
p-actual water pressure value, MPa;
kp is tensile strength of the waterproof and waterproof coal pillar, and MPa is obtained.
Preferably, in step S3, the test borehole is located at the fault at a distance from the tunnel greater than 5 times the width of the tunnel.
Preferably, the length of the orifice casing of the test borehole is not less than 20m and the test borehole aperture is 75mm in step S3.
Preferably, in the step S4, the water injection test is performed by using a water injection pump with a variable flow rate, the maximum flow rate of the water injection test of the water injection pump is 25L/min/m, a test path for increasing the maximum water injection flow rate step by step is adopted, and the duration of the water injection test of each stage of flow rate is 5-10 min.
Preferably, in step S5, a water injection flow and water injection pressure duration curve is drawn according to the recorded water injection flow and water injection pressure data, and a turning point of a water injection pressure change trend is searched in time sequence, where the pressure corresponding to the turning point is the fault water blocking pressure P1.
Preferably, in step S5, obtaining a water blocking pressure P1 of a later roadway driving non-disturbance position fault through a test, wherein P1 is a water pressure which can be blocked by the fault, obtaining a fault safety coefficient n by adopting P1/P0, wherein n is less than 1, i.e. P1 is less than P0, and the roadway driving through the fault is unsafe if the water blocking capacity of the fault is not enough to resist the water pressure of a water-rich aquifer; n is greater than 1, namely P1 is greater than P0, the fault safety is ensured when the water blocking capacity of the test point of the fault can resist the water pressure of a water-rich aquifer, a conservative method is adopted to properly amplify the safety coefficient, the safety coefficient 1.2 is taken as a boundary, namely the fault is unsafe when n is less than 1.2; and if n is greater than 1.2, the fault is safe, the water inrush accident is not easy to happen immediately when the tunnel roadway tunnels through the fault, and the fault is safer when n is larger.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method can be used for developing evaluation work based on data measured on site, can obtain the fault safety coefficient when the underground engineering tunnels through the fault, has a simple principle, and can effectively prevent the problem of water inrush when the water guide fault is not water-contained in the original state and tunnels.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a drilling location of a test borehole provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a graph of water injection flow rate and water injection pressure over time according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1. a tunnel; 2. testing the drilled hole; 3. a water-rich aquifer; 4. and (6) fault breaking.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a fault water inrush risk quantitative evaluation method specifically includes the following steps:
s1, determining the position of the fault 4, the trend of the fault 4, the dip angle of the fault 4 and the fault distance parameters according to the original data, analyzing the nearest main water-rich aquifer 3 connected with the fault 4, and obtaining the water pressure data P0 of the main water-rich aquifer 3;
s2, stopping tunneling when the underground tunnel 1 tunnels at a certain distance L from the fault 4;
the distance L is calculated and determined according to a calculation formula of the reserved width of the water-containing or water-guiding fault 4 water-proof and water-proof coal pillar provided by 'coal mine water control rules', whether the front fault 4 is in the water-guiding state or not is assumed to be in the water-guiding state during calculation, and the calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula, the reserved width of the L-coal pillar is m;
k-safety coefficient, taking 2-5;
m is the thickness of the coal seam or the height of a mining height and a tunnel 1, M;
p-actual water pressure value, MPa;
kp is tensile strength of the waterproof and waterproof coal pillar, and MPa is obtained.
S3, arranging a test drill hole 2 on the head-on section of the tunnel 1 and installing an orifice sleeve, wherein the extension direction of the test drill hole 2 is located between the extension direction of the tunnel 1 and the main water-rich aquifer 3, the test drill hole 2 penetrates through a fault 4 fracture zone, the length of the orifice sleeve is not less than 20m, and the aperture of the test hole is 75 mm;
in order to avoid the influence area of the later-stage tunnel 1 on the fault 4 by tunneling and exploitation, the distance between the position of the test borehole 2 at the fault 4 and the tunnel 1 is more than 5 times of the width of the tunnel 1, for example, the width of the tunnel 1 is 4m, the distance between the position of the test borehole 2 penetrating the fault 4 and the boundary of the tunnel 1 is more than 20m, so as to avoid the disturbance area of the later-stage tunnel 1 exploitation, namely, the later stage of the test point fault 4 is also in an original state;
the length of an orifice sleeve of the test drill hole 2 is not less than 20m, the aperture of the test hole is 75mm, the length of the orifice sleeve is not less than 20m when the water pressure of the drill hole is more than 3MPa according to the regulation of coal mine water control regulations, the maximum value is directly selected under the condition that the water injection pressure at the later stage is not known, and the length of the sleeve is not less than 20 m.
S4, carrying out a water injection test by using the test drill 2, wherein the water injection test adopts a mode of increasing water injection flow step by step, and water injection flow and water injection pressure data are continuously recorded during the water injection test;
the water injection test adopts a variable flow water injection pump, the maximum flow of the water injection test of the water injection pump is 25L/min/m, namely if the thickness of the fault 4 is 1m, the maximum flow of the water injection test of the water injection pump is 25L/min; if the thickness of the fault 4 is 3m, the maximum flow of a water injection test of the water injection pump is 75L/min, a test path for increasing the maximum water injection flow step by step is adopted, and the duration time of each stage of flow water injection test is 5-10 min;
s5, drawing a water injection flow and water injection pressure duration curve, and obtaining a fault 4 water blocking pressure P1 according to the curve; finally, the safety factor n of the computed fault 4 is P1/P0,
referring to fig. 2, according to the recorded water injection flow and water injection pressure data, a water injection flow and water injection pressure time-lapse curve is drawn, a turning point of a water injection pressure change trend is searched according to a time sequence, and the pressure corresponding to the point is fault 4 water blocking pressure P1, which indicates that under the pressure condition, a fault 4 seepage state is suddenly changed, permeability is suddenly enhanced, and the pressure corresponding to the point is fault 4 water blocking pressure P1.
S6, judging whether the fault 4 is safe, if n is less than 1.2, the fault 4 is unsafe, and water inrush accidents are easy to happen when the tunnel 1 tunnels through the fault 4; when n is more than 1.2, the fault 4 is safe, and the tunnel 1 is not easy to have water inrush accidents immediately when tunneling through the fault 4;
the water blocking pressure P1 of the later roadway tunneling non-disturbance position fault 4 is obtained through tests, P1 is the water pressure which can be blocked by the fault 4, the safety coefficient n of the fault 4 is obtained by adopting P1/P0, n is less than 1, namely P1 is less than P0, and the roadway tunneling through the fault 4 is unsafe if the water blocking capacity of the fault 4 is not enough to resist the water pressure of a water-rich water-bearing stratum; n is greater than 1, namely P1 is greater than P0, the water blocking capacity of the test point of the fault 4 can resist the water pressure of a water-rich aquifer, then the fault 4 is safe, in order to ensure the reliability of the evaluation result, a conservative method is adopted to properly amplify the safety coefficient, the safety coefficient 1.2 is taken as a boundary, namely n is less than 1.2, then the fault 4 is unsafe; if n is greater than 1.2, the fault 4 is safe, the tunnel 1 is not easy to have water inrush accidents immediately when tunneling through the fault 4, and the fault 4 is safer when n is larger.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (7)
1. The fault water inrush risk quantitative evaluation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, determining fault positions, fault trends, fault dip angles and fault distance parameters according to the original data, analyzing the nearest main water-rich aquifers connected with the faults, and obtaining water pressure data P0 of the main water-rich aquifers;
s2, stopping tunneling when the underground tunnel tunnels at a certain distance L from the fault;
s3, arranging a test drill hole on the head-on section of the tunnel and installing an orifice sleeve, wherein the extension direction of the test drill hole is between the extension direction of the tunnel and the main water-rich aquifer, and the test drill hole penetrates through a fault fracture zone;
s4, carrying out a water injection test by using the test drill holes, wherein the water injection test adopts a mode of increasing water injection flow step by step, and water injection flow and water injection pressure data are continuously recorded during the water injection test;
s5, drawing a water injection flow and water injection pressure duration curve, and obtaining fault water blocking pressure P1 according to the curve; finally calculating the fault safety factor n which is P1/P0,
s6, judging whether the fault is safe, if n is less than 1.2, the fault is unsafe, and water inrush accidents are easy to happen when a tunnel is tunneled and passes through the fault; and when n is greater than 1.2, the fault is safe, and the water inrush accident is not easy to happen immediately when the tunnel roadway tunnels through the fault.
2. The method for quantitatively evaluating the risk of water inrush from a fault of claim 1, wherein the distance L in step S2 is calculated and determined according to a calculation formula of the width of the reserved water-bearing or water-diversion fault water-proof and water-proof coal pillar provided by the rules of water conservation and prevention of coal mines, and the calculation formula is that whether the front fault is in the water diversion state or not, the front fault is assumed to be in the water diversion state for calculation, and the calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula, L represents the reserved width m of the coal pillar;
k, taking the safety coefficient to be 2-5;
m represents the thickness of the coal seam or the height of a mining height and a tunnel;
p is the actual water pressure value, MPa;
kp is tensile strength of the waterproof and waterproof coal pillar, and MPa.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S3, the distance between the position of the test borehole at the fault and the tunnel is greater than 5 times the width of the tunnel.
4. The quantitative evaluation method for the risk of water inrush from a fault as claimed in claim 1, wherein the length of the opening casing of the test drill hole in the step S3 is not less than 20m, and the opening diameter of the test drill hole is 75 mm.
5. The method for quantitatively evaluating the risk of water inrush from fault of claim 1, wherein a variable-flow water injection pump is used for the water injection test in step S4, the maximum flow rate of the water injection test of the water injection pump is 25L/min, a test path for increasing the maximum water injection flow rate step by step is adopted, and the duration of the water injection test of each stage is 5-10 min.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S5, a water injection flow and water injection pressure time-lapse curve is drawn according to the recorded water injection flow and water injection pressure data, and a turning point of the water injection pressure change trend is searched in time sequence, wherein the corresponding pressure is the fault water blocking pressure P1.
7. The method for quantitatively evaluating the fault water inrush risk as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S5, a water blocking pressure P1 of a later roadway driving non-disturbance position fault is obtained through a test, P1 is a water pressure which can be blocked by the fault, a fault safety coefficient n is obtained by adopting P1/P0, n is less than 1, i.e., P1 is less than P0, and the roadway driving through the fault is unsafe when the water blocking capacity of the fault is not enough to resist the water pressure of a water-rich aquifer; n is greater than 1, namely P1 is greater than P0, the fault safety is ensured when the water blocking capacity of the test point of the fault can resist the water pressure of a water-rich aquifer, a conservative method is adopted to properly amplify the safety coefficient, the safety coefficient 1.2 is taken as a boundary, namely the fault is unsafe when n is less than 1.2; and if n is greater than 1.2, the fault is safe, the water inrush accident is not easy to happen immediately when the tunnel roadway tunnels through the fault, and the fault is safer when n is larger.
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU1293347A1 (en) * | 1985-09-26 | 1987-02-28 | Московский Геологоразведочный Институт Им.Серго Орджоникидзе | Method of recovering materials from underground formations through wells |
| CN104181611A (en) * | 2014-08-28 | 2014-12-03 | 山东科技大学 | Mine working face top board and bottom board mining breaking fracture development dynamic monitoring method |
| CN105354365A (en) * | 2015-10-12 | 2016-02-24 | 内蒙古上海庙矿业有限责任公司 | Comprehensive evaluation method and system for water inrush risk of indirect water filling aquifer |
| CN110837701A (en) * | 2019-11-12 | 2020-02-25 | 中南大学 | Mining area bottom plate fault water inrush quantitative evaluation method based on full-coupling analysis |
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- 2021-01-28 CN CN202110116441.8A patent/CN112879093B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU1293347A1 (en) * | 1985-09-26 | 1987-02-28 | Московский Геологоразведочный Институт Им.Серго Орджоникидзе | Method of recovering materials from underground formations through wells |
| CN104181611A (en) * | 2014-08-28 | 2014-12-03 | 山东科技大学 | Mine working face top board and bottom board mining breaking fracture development dynamic monitoring method |
| CN105354365A (en) * | 2015-10-12 | 2016-02-24 | 内蒙古上海庙矿业有限责任公司 | Comprehensive evaluation method and system for water inrush risk of indirect water filling aquifer |
| CN110837701A (en) * | 2019-11-12 | 2020-02-25 | 中南大学 | Mining area bottom plate fault water inrush quantitative evaluation method based on full-coupling analysis |
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Address after: 221116 No. 1 Tongshan University Road, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province Patentee after: CHINA University OF MINING AND TECHNOLOGY Patentee after: China Mining Geological Technology Research Institute (Jiangsu) Co.,Ltd. Address before: 221116 No. 1 Tongshan University Road, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province Patentee before: CHINA University OF MINING AND TECHNOLOGY Patentee before: Xuzhou Zhongkuang geoscience Geotechnical Engineering Technology Co.,Ltd. |