CN111140279B - Method for preventing and treating old empty water on thick coal seam under condition of repeated mining caused by small kiln damage to layering - Google Patents
Method for preventing and treating old empty water on thick coal seam under condition of repeated mining caused by small kiln damage to layering Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preventing and treating old empty water on a thick coal seam under the condition that the layering is damaged by a small kiln and the secondary mining is carried out, which comprises the following steps: step one, determining a target area of directional drilling; step two, building a drill site; thirdly, exploring an old air water-rich abnormal area in front of the roadway head by using a transient electromagnetic method and a high-density direct current method; fourthly, arranging conventional drill holes at the head of the roadway to perform drilling verification, if the drilling verification is abnormal, allowing the roadway to be tunneled, and treating the old empty water in a water detection-tunneling-water detection circulation operation mode; step five, if water gushes occur in the drill holes in the drilling verification process in the step four, processing; and step six, if the head-on conventional drilling drainage water amount in the step five tends to be stable for a long time, treating. The invention utilizes the combination of ground and underground geophysical prospecting, conventional drilling and directional drilling to prevent and control the old empty water, realizes advanced, efficient, safe, accurate, large-fall and long-distance interception of the old empty water at the head of the head, and effectively controls the water damage of the old empty.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of underground coal mine water prevention and control, in particular to a method for preventing and controlling old empty water on a thick coal seam under a re-mining condition that the upper layer of the thick coal seam is damaged by a small kiln.
Background
The coal mining history in China is long, the position control of a mining project is poor due to the fact that the prior small-kiln mining technology is lagged behind, disordered mining causes the situation of water accumulation in old air, and more sudden water damage accidents are caused, particularly the water damage in old air in Shanxi, Sichuan and Guizhou is the most serious. In recent years, the old air water has the characteristics of static reserve, fierce coming, strong disaster causing, concentrated water quantity, toxic and harmful gases and the like, so that serious life and property loss is often caused, the old air water becomes the most serious water damage type of a mine, the resource integration mine faces severe old air water damage threat, and the prevention and the containment of the old air water damage are always the important importance of mine water prevention and control.
A plurality of scholars and technicians in China research the old and vacant water damage prevention and treatment technology, and a systematic theoretical system and a mature technical method are formed. The main way for fundamentally eliminating the water damage of the old air is to detect and discharge the old air, and at present, a plurality of geophysical prospecting methods and drilling methods or construction measures are adopted to detect and discharge the old air in a roadway. The invention patent CN110609335A discloses a multi-means-based method for detecting complex conditions of a residual mining area, which utilizes a plurality of geophysical prospecting means to carry out comprehensive detection contrast and analysis to realize accurate detection of geophysical prospecting under complex conditions, and provides means for detecting the condition of water accumulation in the residual coal area; the invention patent CN102520450B discloses a method for detecting a coal mine water-filled goaf, which utilizes a transient electromagnetic method to observe data on the ground of the goaf, obtain a kinematic virtual wavelet and carry out a method for detecting the coal mine water-filled goaf, thereby realizing visual explanation, reducing human factors in the explanation, avoiding misunderstanding of apparent resistivity parameters and greatly enhancing the accuracy and reliability of exploration of the coal mine water-containing goaf; the invention patent CN102645674B discloses a working face coal seam pre-mining three-dimensional detection method, which realizes real spatial detection and can furthest find out the water inrush hidden trouble condition in the working face coal seam mining damage influence range. The invention patent CN201810250858.1 discloses a mine goaf water accurate exploration and drainage method based on underground beam-shaped directional drilling, which utilizes geophysical prospecting to roughly determine the approximate range of a goaf to guide the design of directional drilling, realizes the detection of the goaf in the transverse, axial and vertical ranges, and has the function of draining the goaf water.
In 2012, the Zhou Jian Jun and the like propose that roof water and old empty water are drained in a plurality of coal mines in Ningdan mandarin duck lake mining areas by using a directional drilling machine and a central cable-through type drilling tool; in 2012, the formation and prevention and control technology of dynamic old aged water is researched by Wenliyang; in 2013, Jun and so on proposed that the old empty water in the upper coal seam can be accurately detected by using directional drilling, and a 3-section type drilling track structure of 'upward-horizontal' directional drilling track, and 'casing section-deflecting section-steady-deflecting section' is adopted; in 2013, the von science and technology provides a treatment technical scheme of 'geophysical prospecting first-drilling drainage-roadway prospecting verification', and water accumulated in a large-area goaf of a ten-ore shallow part of the crane coal is drained by utilizing a conventional drilling hole; in 2015, Yanming proposed a construction centralized drainage roadway for dynamic supplementary water drainage of old air, and drained old air water by a 'siphon principle' through conventional drilling.
The research shows that the control of the old empty water achieves good results, and the method mainly focuses on comprehensively exploring the old empty water by utilizing various geophysical prospecting means, but the accuracy of the exploration of the old empty water still has uncertainty due to the multiple resolvability of the geophysical prospecting results; or the position, the water accumulation amount and the like of the old goaf water are roughly determined by geophysical prospecting, the old goaf water is drained by conventional drilling, but the conventional drilling has short exploration distance and can only be explored in the tunneling process, the exploration track is uncontrollable, and waterless false images and the like are easily caused; the condition of old air water accumulation is roughly determined by using a geophysical prospecting technology, and a successful case of old air water drainage by using directional drilling is also provided, most of the cases are that a 3-section drilling structure of a casing section, an inclined section and an inclined stabilizing section is designed by using a cable-passing drilling tool, an upper coal seam is drained from a lower coal seam, when the drilling tool drills in an old air area, a drilling tool is easy to cause a drilling blockage accident, and the old air water cannot be completely and cleanly drained by using directional drilling and a single geophysical prospecting result in the early stage to prevent and control the old air water; occasionally, a water-stop wall is set up to prevent and treat old air water. The method for preventing and treating the old air water under the condition that the layering on the same thick coal seam is damaged by a small kiln and is recovered is provided, the old air accumulated water is dispersed, isolated, hidden and complex in communication, and irregular in spatial distribution, and the treatment of the old air water damage is always a technical problem of mine water prevention and treatment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a method for preventing and treating old goaf water under the condition of repeated mining of a thick coal seam with a layer damaged by a small kiln.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a method for preventing and treating old empty water on a thick coal seam under the condition that the layering is damaged by a small kiln and re-mining is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, determining a target area of directional drilling; exploring the distribution position of the old vacant water in the mining area, the water accumulation condition and the like by adopting ground transient electromagnetism and ground three-dimensional earthquake, and taking the area of the distribution position of the old vacant water in the mining area as a target area of directional drilling;
secondly, selecting excavated roadways or construction measure roadways to build a drill site according to the production continuing condition and the target area of the directional drilling determined in the first step, wherein the opening elevation of the drilling holes in the drill site is lower than the elevation of the target area, and adopting long-distance directional drilling to lead old empty water at a known position in advance;
thirdly, when a roadway is tunneled in the mining area, probing an old air water-rich abnormal area in front of the roadway head by using a transient electromagnetic method and a high-density direct current method;
step four, if an old air and water-rich abnormal area exists in front of the roadway head-on in the step three, arranging conventional drill holes at the roadway head-on to perform drilling verification, performing endoscopic inclination measurement on each drill hole, comparing errors of an actual drill track and a designed track on a graph, and if the errors are large, additionally arranging exploratory drill holes; if the drilling verification is abnormal, allowing the roadway to be tunneled, and treating the old empty water in a water detection-tunneling-water detection circulating operation mode;
fifthly, if an old air and rich water abnormal area exists in front of the head of the roadway in the third step, probing is carried out according to a conventional drilling mode in the fourth step, if water gushing occurs in the drilled hole, a probing drilled hole needs to be added, when the water gushing amount of the drilled hole is small and the attenuation is fast, and the static reserve is judged, the old air water is continuously drained by adopting the conventional drilled hole, according to the water attenuation condition, geophysical prospecting and drilling mutual verification are adopted in the water drainage process, if the geophysical prospecting and the drilling are not abnormal, the roadway can be safely tunneled, the old air water is treated according to a water probing-tunneling-exploring circulation operation mode, and if the abnormal area still exists, the old air water is probed by utilizing the conventional drilled hole and the geophysical mutual verification again;
step six, if the water drainage amount of the head-on conventional drilling hole tends to be stable for a long time in the step five, and the water level cannot be reduced, the dynamic supply of the old vacant water is indicated, and at the moment, the dynamic supply of the head-on old vacant water is intercepted by utilizing the remote directional drilling hole at the low position of the mining area;
after the directional drilling holes penetrate through the goaf, old goaf water is drained through the directional drilling holes and the conventional drilling holes, geophysical prospecting and drilling are adopted for mutual verification in the water draining process, the area change of a strong water-rich abnormal overlapping area of the geophysical prospecting is judged, when the water inflow and the water pressure of the conventional drilling holes at the head of the roadway are reduced to 0, the geophysical prospecting is reused for probing, the geophysical prospecting results are compared for many times, the old goaf water draining effect is analyzed, the old goaf water is guaranteed to be completely drained, the roadway is normally tunneled again, and the old goaf water is treated in a water probing-tunneling-water probing circulation operation mode until a roadway system is formed.
The method for preventing and treating the old empty water on the thick coal seam under the condition that the layering is damaged by the small kiln and the secondary mining is characterized by comprising the following steps of: in the second step, the drilling track of the long-distance directional drilling is as follows: the drilling device comprises a 6-section arc structure of a casing section, a straight hole section, an inclination making section, an inclination stabilizing section, an inclination making section and an inclination stabilizing section, wherein the aperture of a drilling naked hole section is phi 98mm, the diameter of the casing section is phi 153mm, the diameter of a casing is phi 127mm, a hole is formed in a directional drilling hole at a negative angle, the casing is lowered to a stable rock stratum below a coal seam bottom plate, the hole depth is generally controlled within 700m, a cable drilling tool is utilized to horizontally drill along the stable rock stratum at the lower part of the coal seam bottom plate, an old dead zone is obliquely penetrated from bottom to top at a large angle of 10-15 degrees from the bottom of the old dead zone, and after the old dead zone is drilled, on the premise of ensuring the safety of the drilling hole and the drilling tool, the old dead.
The method for preventing and treating the old empty water on the thick coal seam under the condition that the layering is damaged by the small kiln and the secondary mining is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the drilling verification method in the fourth step comprises the following specific steps: according to the requirements of 'water-thin rules for coal mine control', conventional drill holes are arranged at the head of a roadway, the hole diameter of each drill hole is phi 75mm, the inclination angle of each drill hole is positive, the drill hole meets a top plate or the drill hole meets the final hole of an old goaf, the designed hole depth is 100m, the advance distance of the drill holes is 30m, each drill hole is subjected to endoscopic inclination measurement, and the error between a real drill track and the designed track is compared on a graph; if the error is larger, the exploration drilling hole is required to be added.
The method for preventing and treating the old empty water on the thick coal seam under the condition that the layering is damaged by the small kiln and the secondary mining is characterized by comprising the following steps of: and step six, when the water level can not be reduced and the drainage water amount reaches dynamic balance, taking the superposed area of the ground and the underground geophysical prospecting strong water-rich abnormal area as a target area of directional drilling, and selecting the final hole position of the conventional drilling with the largest head-on water inflow as a target point of the directional drilling.
The method for preventing and treating the old empty water on the thick coal seam under the condition that the layering is damaged by the small kiln and the secondary mining is characterized by comprising the following steps of: and design construction parameters and process technology of directional drilling in the sixth step are the same as those in the second step.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. according to the invention, the directional drilling is utilized to advance the drainage of the goaf water in the ground geophysical prospecting abnormal area at the low position of the mining area, so that the purpose of advancing the drainage of the goaf water is realized, the probability of successfully draining the goaf water is increased by draining the goaf water from the low position, the engineering quantity of a construction water-detecting and drainage measure roadway is reduced, the production cost is reduced, the time is saved for the efficient production of a mine, and the goaf water trouble can be eliminated in advance.
2. According to the invention, the old goaf water is drained at a low position of a mining area, or at least the elevation of the drilled hole is lower than the elevation of the target area of the old goaf, and the old goaf is obliquely penetrated by a large angle, so that the large-fall self-flow of the old goaf water from the high position to the low position is ensured.
3. The invention adopts the six-section arc-shaped drilling track to ensure that the directional drilling can horizontally drill along the stable rock stratum below the coal seam floor, avoids the situations that the upper layer is old and empty or the local coal seam is damaged to easily cause drill jamming and hole collapse, and improves the hole forming rate of the directional drilling.
4. According to the invention, the result of superposition of multiple geophysical prospecting strong water-rich abnormal areas is used as the target area of directional drilling, the final hole position of the conventional drilling with the largest head-on water inflow is selected as the target point of the directional drilling, and the drilling precision of the directional drilling to the dynamic old air supply source is greatly improved.
5. The invention adopts the wide-fin spiral drilling tool to improve the hole forming rate of the drilled holes in the old dead zone. The method ensures that the old goaf water is intercepted and drained with large drop, long distance and high precision, greatly shortens the dredging time of the head-on old goaf water, basically realizes the transparent tunneling of the roadway, reduces the construction of water exploration and drainage measures, and provides time guarantee for the safe tunneling of the roadway.
6. During the water drainage period, a method of mutual verification of geophysical prospecting and drilling is adopted, and the conventional drilling holes are subjected to endoscopic inclination measurement, so that the drainage effect of the old empty water is continuously analyzed and judged, and the old empty water is thoroughly and cleanly drained.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a six-segment arc borehole of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a position of a working surface and a geophysical prospecting anomaly area according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a diagram of drilling and geophysical prospecting results of a main transport roadway head-on 440m in the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a principle of a1 drilling exploration and drainage of old water in the embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a real drilling trajectory of A1 drilling in the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a wide-flighted auger stem according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a directional drilling plan in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to Korea coal industry Co., Ltd, Zhonghua jin group.
The Korea coal industry Co Ltd of Zhonghua jin group is formed by integrating 4 small coal mines and resources which are not suitable for mining at the periphery, and 2 of main mining#The layering on the coal seam is damaged in different degrees, and the mining method and the mining process of a small coal mine are not standard, and the position control of a mining project is poor, so that the water accumulation condition is complex, and the mining depth of a mine is influenced by old open water. 32101 heThe layering damage on the working face is serious, the stoping depth of the working face is limited by old air water damage, the main transport driving adopts the traditional mode of combining geophysical prospecting with conventional drilling hole for exploring and discharging old air water, the main transport roadway drives from 277m to 440m, the total time is 1.5 years, the safe and efficient production of a mine is seriously limited, and the old air water control method under the condition that the layering damage on a thick coal seam is damaged by a small kiln and the roadway driving is limited is adopted to solve the problem that the old air water damage limits the roadway driving.
The method for preventing and treating the old vacant water under the condition that the layering on the thick coal seam is damaged by the small kiln and is recovered comprises the following steps after the conditions of well field hydrogeological conditions and the basic distribution rule of the old vacant water are mastered:
the method comprises the following steps: carrying out ground transient electromagnetism and ground three-dimensional seismic exploration on the distribution position of the old empty water in the mining area, the water accumulation condition and the like to serve as a target area of directional drilling;
step two: according to the production continuing condition and the ground geophysical prospecting result, in the region with clear old goaf water distribution, selecting a proper position of a dug roadway or a construction measure roadway to enter the lowest position of a mining area to build a drill site, at least ensuring that the elevation of a drilling hole is lower than the elevation of a target area of the old goaf, designing and constructing long-distance directional drilling holes (including branch drilling holes) in advance, and intercepting accumulated water in the region which is known to be threatened by the old goaf water in advance. The directional drilling design principle is long distance, large drop height and high precision, the drilling design track is a 6-section arc structure of a casing section, a straight hole section, an inclined making section, an inclined stabilizing section, an inclined making section and an inclined stabilizing section, the aperture of a drilling naked hole section is phi 98mm, the diameter of the casing section is phi 153mm, the diameter of the casing is phi 127mm, the directional drilling hole is opened at a negative angle, the casing pipe descends to a stable rock stratum below a coal seam bottom plate, the hole depth is generally controlled within 700m, a cable-passing drilling tool is utilized to drill horizontally along the stable rock stratum at the lower part of the coal seam bottom plate, the old dead zone is obliquely penetrated from bottom to top at an angle of 10-15 degrees from the bottom of the old dead zone, and after the old dead zone is drilled, on the premise of ensuring the safety of the drilling hole and the drilling tool, the conventional rotary drilling in the old dead.
Step three: when a roadway is excavated in a mining area, an old air water-rich abnormal area in front of the head of the roadway is probed by using a transient electromagnetic method and a high-density direct current method;
step four: if the transient electromagnetic method and the high-density direct current method do not find that an old air and rich water abnormal area exists in front of a roadway head, according to the requirements of coal mine water control law, conventional drill holes are arranged at the roadway head for drilling verification, the hole diameter of each drill hole is phi 75mm, the hole opening inclination angle is positive, the drill hole meets a top plate or the drill hole meets an old goaf final hole, the designed hole depth is 100m, the advance distance of the drill hole is 30m, endoscopic inclination measurement is carried out on each drill hole, the error of an actual drill track and the error of the designed track are compared on the graph, and if the error is large, a probing drill hole needs to be additionally arranged; if the drilling verification shows that no abnormity exists, the tunnel is allowed to be tunneled for 70m, and old empty water is treated in a water detection-tunneling-water detection circulating operation mode;
step five: if the geophysical prospecting finds an old air water-rich abnormal area, conventional drill holes are arranged at the head of a roadway according to the requirements of coal mine water control regulations for drilling verification, old air water is drained, each drill hole is subjected to endoscopic inclination measurement, and the error of a real drill track and a designed track is compared on a graph; if the error is large or water gushes in the drill hole, the exploration drill hole is needed to be added, when the water gushing amount of the drill hole is small and the attenuation is fast, and the water gushing amount of the drill hole is judged to be static reserve, the conventional drill hole is adopted to continuously drain the old empty water, and the transient electromagnetic method, the high-density direct current method and the exploration drilling are adopted to mutually verify in the water draining process according to the water attenuation condition, if the transient electromagnetic method, the high-density direct current method and the exploration drilling are abnormal, the roadway can be safely tunneled for a distance not more than 70m, and the old empty water is managed according to the water exploration-tunneling-water exploration circulation operation mode. If the abnormal area still exists, mutually verifying and probing by utilizing the conventional drilling, the transient electromagnetic method and the high-density direct current method;
step six: if the transient electromagnetic method and the high-density direct current method are used for detecting and finding the old air water-rich abnormal area, the water drainage amount of the head-on conventional drilling tends to be stable for a long time, the water level cannot be reduced, and the water drainage amount reaches dynamic balance, which indicates that the old air water is dynamically replenished. And at the moment, the dynamic water supply of the head-on old space is intercepted by utilizing remote directional drilling at the low position of the mining area, the area superposed by the ground and the underground geophysical prospecting strong water-rich abnormal area is used as a target area of the directional drilling, the final hole position of the conventional drilling with the maximum head-on water inflow is selected as a target point of the directional drilling, and the design construction parameters and the process technology of the directional drilling are the same as the second step. After the directional drilling holes penetrate through the goaf, old goaf water is drained through the directional drilling holes and the conventional drilling holes, the area change of a strong water-rich abnormal overlapping area of geophysical exploration is judged by adopting a transient electromagnetic method, a high-density direct current method and drilling mutual verification in the draining process, when the water inflow and the water pressure of the conventional drilling holes on the head of the roadway are reduced to 0, the transient electromagnetic method and the high-density direct current method are used for exploring again, the geophysical exploration results of multiple times are compared, the old goaf water draining effect is analyzed, the old goaf water is guaranteed to be drained completely, the roadway is tunneled normally again, the single tunneling distance cannot exceed 70m, the old goaf water is treated in a water exploration-tunneling-water exploration circulating operation mode until a roadway system is formed.
The invention solves the problem that the old open water disaster of the working face of 32101 Korea coal industry Co., Ltd, China coal Huajin group, restricts the roadway excavation, ensures the safe production of the mine, and has the following concrete implementation process in the mine:
1. exploration of the water in the sky
32101 ground earthquake, ground transient electromagnetism, and ground geological survey are performed before stoping to find out geological structure, goaf range, and water accumulation, a water-rich abnormal area is defined in the middle of the working face, and penetrates the working face and the main transportation lane in irregular polygon form, the water accumulation line is located at 440m of the main transportation lane, and the area of the water accumulation area is about 10.61 × 104m2The water retention is about 10 multiplied by 104m3The water level elevation is + 562- +612m, which brings certain influence on main transport roadway tunneling and working face safety recovery. The position and the range of the old empty water accumulation area are defined by the ground geophysical prospecting circle as shown in figure 2.
The general position, the shape, the water accumulation and the like of a goaf are sketched out by ground three-dimensional earthquake and ground transient electromagnetic energy, but the range and the water accumulation of a water accumulation area cannot be accurately measured, so that old goaf water is treated in a water exploration-excavation-water exploration circulating operation mode by combining a transient electromagnetic method, a high-density direct current method and conventional drilling during roadway excavation.
When the main conveying roadway is tunneled to 440m, head-on transient electromagnetic and high-density direct current method is used for probingAll show that old empty water exists in the left front of the head, then 21 conventional water drainage drill holes are constructed at the head according to coal mine water control rules, wherein the number of the conventional water drainage drill holes is 1-16, the number of the drill holes B1-B5 is 8, and the average water inflow of the drill holes B5 is the largest and is 16.7m3And/h, only trace water seepage is initially generated in individual drilling holes, the water seepage is stopped in a short time, and scattered and isolated old dead zones can be seen, and the communication is unknown. The main transportation lane is always in the stage of digging stopping and water draining within two months, and the total water inflow of the drilled holes is stabilized to be 36m for a long time3And h, the water pressure is 0.3MPa, the water drainage effect is poor, and old empty dynamic water supply is analyzed within the range of 100m ahead. The drilling and geophysical exploration results at the position 440m on the head of the main transportation lane are shown in the figure 3, and the statistics of the drilling situation of the head-on exploration are shown in the table 1.
TABLE 1 statistical table for drilling situation of main transportation lane 440m head-on exploration
After two months, transient electromagnetic and high-density direct current electrical exploration is carried out again, the exploration result shows that the water-rich property at the front left of the head is still strong, a water drainage roadway is constructed, and 5 conventional drill holes, namely B17-B21, are constructed in the position 25m of the water drainage roadway to the east to intercept and guide the head water, so that the interception and guide effect is poor. The drilling and geophysical exploration results at the position 440m at the head of the main conveying lane are shown in fig. 3.
From fig. 3, it can be seen that the two geophysical prospecting exploration results in different time periods all show that the relatively strong water-rich area is mainly concentrated in the left front of the head of the main transport roadway, and in the range of the ground geophysical prospecting abnormal area, the superposition effect is extremely obvious, and the left front of the head of the main transport roadway is particularly obvious. Plus 4 drilled holes in the stronger water-rich zone, and B5 drilled holes in this zone. Therefore, the strong water-rich property at the head left front can be determined, and directional drilling needs to be carried out at a lower point of the elevation to a low-lying position of accumulated water in an empty area so as to intercept the old empty water more efficiently and safely.
2. Interception and drainage technology for old air water
Long-distance directional drilling holes are constructed at the lower part of a roadway system to drain old goaf water on the north side of 440m of a main transport roadway from the bottom of the old goaf, the dynamic make-up water in the old goaf is intercepted and led to a disc area north sump through directional drilling (the number of the drilling hole is A1), meanwhile, the threat of the old goaf water on the 32103 working face can be relieved, and the influence time of water drainage in conventional drilling is shortened. According to the head-on conventional drilling exploration result, the B5 drilling final hole position with the maximum average water inflow is selected as the A1 drilling target position.
(1) Drilling parameter design
In order to obliquely penetrate the old goaf from the bottom of the old goaf at a large angle and avoid water accumulation grooves from occurring on a drilling track, according to the principle that drilling holes are drilled in a coal seam as little as possible, the drilling track is specially designed into a six-section 6-section downward-upward inclined hole of a casing section, a straight hole section, an inclined making section, an inclined stabilizing section, an inclined making section and an inclined stabilizing section, as shown in figure 1, the drilling hole enters a stable position of sandstone on a bottom plate as soon as possible to be drilled, so that the crossing of a big north roadway is specially selected as a drilling position, the elevation is +564m, and 34m of the elevation of the water level of the old goaf and +598m of the water level of the old goaf can form a intercepting and guiding effect with large pressure difference, high flow speed and large flow, the water accumulation grooves can be relieved.
Under the condition that the north roadway cross ensures the normal operation of the equipment, the true orientation of the connecting line of the opening position and the B5 hole is determined to be 116 degrees. Considering that part of the upper stratified coal seam is damaged, 4 conventional exploration boreholes are designed and constructed along the A1 borehole opening direction to master the opening section 2#The failure condition of the coal seam and the distribution condition of the stratum below the bottom plate provide the basis for designing the inclination angle of the A1 drilling hole. The method is characterized in that the inclination angle of a drilling hole is designed to be-5 degrees, the true azimuth angle is designed to be 116 degrees, the design hole depth is 525m, the drilling layer position is selected to be a sandstone layer position 2 m-7 m below the bottom plate of the coal seam, and the design depth of a casing is determined according to the actual exposed stratum condition. The conventional drilling parameters and the exploration results are shown in table 2, the principle of exploring and evacuating the aged water by the A1 drilling is shown in figure 4, and the section of the actual drilling track of the A1 drilling is shown in figure 5.
TABLE 2 conventional drilling parameters and probing results table
(2) Brief description of drilling construction
1) Casing section drilling process
In order to avoid the deviation of the drill hole and ensure the value-keeping property of the casing section, the casing section is constructed by adopting a directional drilling clear water medium hole-forming process. Firstly drilling to 33m to enter a sandstone stable layer by adopting a drill tool combination of a phi 98mm composite bit, a phi 73mm screw motor, a phi 76mm probe pipe, a phi 76mm non-magnetic drill rod and a phi 73mm cable drill rod, and then continuously drilling to 36 m; and (3) reaming and drilling to 36m by adopting a phi 153mm reaming bit, a phi 151mm centralizer and a phi 73mm drill string, and setting a phi 127mm casing pipe of 34.5 m.
2) Drilling process before drilling into old goaf
When a drilling tool combination of a phi 98mm composite bit, a phi 73mm screw motor, a phi 76mm probe tube, a phi 76mm upper non-magnetic drill rod and a phi 73mm through cable drill rod is adopted to drill to 294m along the sandstone layer of the coal seam floor, water gushing occurs in the hole, and the water gushing amount is 1.1m3H, when the drilling is continued to 448m, the water inflow of the drilled hole is increased to 5m3Drilling to 486m, bit pressure of 51kN, slow drilling speed, argillaceous sandstone and drilling water inflow of 5m3And h, slowly drilling to 503m, wherein the color of returned water is changed to black, and a small amount of coal cinder is visible. The water inflow amount has no obvious change, and the analysis shows that the old and empty water permeates into the drill hole from the crack to cause the water outlet of the drill hole.
3) Drilling process into old goaf
When a drilling tool combination of a phi 98mm composite piece drill bit, a phi 73mm screw motor, a phi 76mm probe tube and a phi 76mm non-magnetic drill rod and a phi 73mm cable drill rod is adopted to continue drilling for 504m, the drilling pressure is suddenly reduced to 30kN, then the drilling is continued to 507m, a large amount of coal slag is returned from the hole, and the water inflow of the drilling is increased to 27m3And h, in order to judge whether the blank area enters, trying to continue drilling for 3m, keeping the drilling pressure at 30kN, taking 10min, and preliminarily judging that the blank area enters the bottom of the blank area.
After draining water for 1 day, the water inflow of the drill hole is reduced to 12m3H, then adopting a drilling tool of a phi 98mm composite sheet drill bit, a phi 73mm wide wing spiral drill rod (30m long) and a phi 73mm outer flat drill rodThe combination continues to drill in the old goaf, and successfully drills 17m in the old goaf, the final hole depth is 526.4m, and the water inflow of the drilled hole after the drill is lifted is 134m3The stable water inflow is 89m3H is used as the reference value. A wide flighted auger stem is shown in figure 6.
(3) Cutting and leading effect
1) Comparison of economic benefit
According to the forty-fourth requirements of the coal mine water control regulations, double-lane tunneling is adopted for alternately detecting and discharging water when water is detected during ascending, namely a water discharge lane is constructed in the north of the main transportation of 32101. The main transport roadway is tunneled from 277m to 440m, the total time is 1.5 years, directional drilling No. A1 is constructed, the head-on old empty water is successfully intercepted, dynamic water supply on the north side of the roadway is enabled to reach the balance of water supply and drainage, the main transport roadway is in a non-pressure drainage state, the roadway is smoothly tunneled to 558m again, the dynamic water supply of the old kiln is encountered again at 558m, and the tunneling speed of the roadway is slowed down again. The economic benefit analysis and comparison are as follows:
a. after directional drilling construction, the project amount (including the side chamber) of a 32101 main transportation roadway is 160 m.
b. If directional drilling is not constructed, double-lane tunneling water detection is adopted, and the total project amount of the 32101 main transportation roadway is 236 m.
c. The directional drilling can be constructed, the mine roadway engineering with 236 plus 160-76 m can be saved, the cost of the shed erection and the tunneling is 152 ten thousand yuan, the comprehensive geophysical prospecting cost is 10 ten thousand yuan, and the long-prospecting labor cost is about 40 ten thousand yuan.
The construction cost of directional drilling is 50 ten thousand yuan, and the total cost is saved by 152+10+40-50 which is 152 ten thousand yuan.
2) Time contrast of hydrophobic water
And (4) draining water from the A1 drill hole for 17 days, ensuring that no water is drained from the head-on drill hole at 440m of the main transportation lane, and safely tunneling to 558m after 20 days.
3) Contrast of water inflow in drilled holes
The initial water inflow of A1 borehole was 134m3The stable water inflow is 89m3The water inflow is more than 20m for 80 days3And h, the water drainage effect is obviously superior to that of the conventional water detection and drainage drill hole.
3. Popularization and application
32101 the working face is tunnelled from 2016, 9, 30 monthsEnclosing a working surface in 12 and 15 months in 2019 for 3 years, constructing 6 groups of directional drilling holes in total for three months, numbering A1-A6, and totally dredging the tunnel and draining old air water in the working surface to 1300295m3Wherein the aged water 351090m is drained at a low position by directional drilling3At present, the working face is safely recovered to 180 m. The directional drilling plan trajectory is shown in fig. 7.
Therefore, the invention has the advantages that:
according to the mining continuation condition, in the region where the old goaf water distribution is clear, old goaf water in a ground geophysical prospecting abnormal region is detected and placed at a low position in advance by utilizing directional drilling, and the old goaf is drilled to the old goaf along a stable rock stratum below a coal seam bottom plate so as to detect and drain the old goaf water, so that the engineering quantity of a construction water detecting and discharging measure roadway is reduced, the production cost is reduced, the time is saved for efficient production of a mine, and old goaf water trouble can be eliminated in advance.
And old goaf water is drained at a low position in a mining area, or at least the elevation of a drilling hole is ensured to be lower than the elevation of a target area of the goaf, the goaf is obliquely penetrated by a large angle, and the large-fall self-flow of the old goaf from the high position to the low position is ensured. The U-shaped drilling track type ensures that directional drilling can drill along a stable rock stratum below a coal seam bottom plate, avoids the situations that drilling blockage and hole collapse are easily caused by old air in an upper layer or damage of a local coal seam, and improves the hole forming rate of the directional drilling. The result of the superposition of the geophysical prospecting strong water-rich abnormal area for many times is used as the target area of the directional drilling, the final hole position of the conventional drilling with the largest head-on water inflow is selected as the target point of the directional drilling, and the drilling precision of the directional drilling to the dynamic old air supply source is greatly improved. The wide-fin spiral drilling tool improves the drilling and hole forming rate in the old dead zone. The method realizes advanced, efficient, safe, accurate and large-fall long-distance interception of head-on old water and empty water, basically realizes transparent tunneling of the tunnel, improves single-pass tunneling, avoids the influence of water exploration and drainage of double-tunnel tunneling to cause time delay of the surrounding surface, reduces the water damage treatment cost and effectively treats the old water damage and empty water damage.
During the drainage of water, a method of mutual verification of geophysical prospecting and drilling is adopted, and conventional drilling holes are subjected to endoscopic inclination detection, so that the drainage effect of the old empty water is continuously analyzed and judged, and the old empty water is thoroughly and cleanly drained.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and all simple modifications, changes and equivalent structural changes made to the above embodiment according to the technical spirit of the present invention still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method for preventing and treating old empty water on a thick coal seam under the condition that the layering is damaged by a small kiln and re-mining is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, determining a target area of directional drilling; exploring the distribution position and water accumulation condition of the old vacant water in the mining area by adopting ground transient electromagnetism and ground three-dimensional earthquake, and taking the area of the distribution position of the old vacant water in the mining area as a target area of directional drilling;
secondly, selecting excavated roadways or construction measure roadways to build a drill site according to the production continuing condition and the target area of the directional drilling determined in the first step, wherein the opening elevation of the drilling holes in the drill site is lower than the target area elevation of the directional drilling holes, and adopting long-distance directional drilling to lead old empty water at a known position in advance;
thirdly, when a roadway is tunneled in the mining area, probing an old air water-rich abnormal area in front of the roadway head by using a transient electromagnetic method and a high-density direct current method;
step four, if an old air and water-rich abnormal area exists in front of the roadway head-on in the step three, arranging conventional drill holes at the roadway head-on to perform drilling verification, performing endoscopic inclination measurement on each drill hole, comparing errors of an actual drill track and a designed track on a graph, and if the errors are large, additionally arranging exploratory drill holes; if the drilling verification is abnormal, allowing the roadway to be tunneled, and treating the old empty water in a water detection-tunneling-water detection circulating operation mode;
fifthly, if an old air and rich water abnormal area exists in front of the head of the roadway in the third step, probing is carried out according to a conventional drilling mode in the fourth step, if water gushing occurs in the drilled hole, a probing drilled hole needs to be added, when the water gushing amount of the drilled hole is small and the attenuation is fast, and the static reserve is judged, the old air water is continuously drained by adopting the conventional drilled hole, according to the water attenuation condition, geophysical prospecting and drilling mutual verification are adopted in the water drainage process, if the geophysical prospecting and the drilling are not abnormal, the roadway can be safely tunneled, the old air water is treated according to a water probing-tunneling-water detecting circulation operation mode, and if the abnormal area still exists, the old air water is probed by utilizing the conventional drilled hole and the geophysical mutual verification again;
step six, if the water drainage amount of the head-on conventional drilling hole tends to be stable for a long time in the step five, and the water level cannot be reduced, the dynamic supply of the old vacant water is indicated, and at the moment, the dynamic supply of the head-on old vacant water is intercepted by utilizing the remote directional drilling hole at the low position of the mining area;
after the directional drilling holes penetrate through the goaf, old goaf water is drained through the directional drilling holes and the conventional drilling holes, geophysical prospecting and drilling are adopted for mutual verification in the water draining process, the area change of a strong water-rich abnormal overlapping area of the geophysical prospecting is judged, when the water inflow and the water pressure of the conventional drilling holes at the head of the roadway are reduced to 0, the geophysical prospecting is reused for probing, the geophysical prospecting results are compared for many times, the old goaf water draining effect is analyzed, the old goaf water is guaranteed to be completely drained, the roadway is normally tunneled again, and the old goaf water is treated in a water probing-tunneling-water probing circulation operation mode until a roadway system is formed.
2. The method for preventing and treating the old empty water on the thick coal seam under the condition that the layering is damaged by the small kiln and the secondary mining is carried out according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the second step, the drilling track of the long-distance directional drilling is as follows: the drilling device comprises a 6-section arc structure of a casing section, a straight hole section, an inclination making section, an inclination stabilizing section, an inclination making section and an inclination stabilizing section, wherein the aperture of a drilling naked hole section is phi 98mm, the diameter of the casing section is phi 153mm, the diameter of the casing is phi 127mm, a hole is formed in a directional drilling hole at a negative angle, the casing is lowered to a stable rock stratum below a coal seam bottom plate, the hole depth is controlled within 700m, a cable drilling tool is utilized to drill horizontally along the stable rock stratum at the lower part of the coal seam bottom plate, an old dead zone is obliquely penetrated from bottom to top at a large angle of 10-15 degrees from the bottom of the old dead zone, and after the old dead zone is drilled, on the premise of ensuring the safety of the drilling tool, the old dead zone is drilled in.
3. The method for preventing and treating the old empty water on the thick coal seam under the condition that the layering is damaged by the small kiln and the secondary mining is carried out according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the drilling verification method in the fourth step comprises the following specific steps: according to the requirements of 'coal mine water control law', conventional drill holes are arranged at the head of a roadway, the hole diameter of each drill hole is phi 75mm, the inclination angle of each drill hole is positive, the drill hole meets a top plate or the drill hole meets the final hole of an old goaf, the designed hole depth is 100m, the advance distance of the drill holes is 30m, each drill hole is subjected to endoscopic inclination measurement, the error between an actual drill track and the designed track is compared on a graph, and if the error is large, an exploratory drill hole needs to be added.
4. The method for preventing and treating the old empty water on the thick coal seam under the condition that the layering is damaged by the small kiln and the secondary mining is carried out according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and step six, when the water level can not be reduced and the drainage water amount reaches dynamic balance, taking the superposed area of the ground and the underground geophysical prospecting strong water-rich abnormal area as a target area of directional drilling, and selecting the final hole position of the conventional drilling with the largest head-on water inflow as a target point of the directional drilling.
5. The method for preventing and treating the old empty water on the thick coal seam under the condition that the layering on the thick coal seam is damaged by the small kiln and is recovered, according to claim 4, is characterized in that: and design construction parameters and process technology of directional drilling in the sixth step are the same as those in the second step.
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| CN112901272A (en) * | 2021-01-15 | 2021-06-04 | 贵州化工建设有限责任公司 | Geophysical prospecting and drilling cooperative advanced water detection and drainage construction method |
| CN113250613B (en) * | 2021-05-25 | 2022-10-25 | 华北科技学院(中国煤矿安全技术培训中心) | Directional drilling and checking method for coal seam in small coal kiln goaf |
| CN114016912B (en) * | 2021-11-01 | 2023-02-21 | 中煤科工集团西安研究院有限公司 | Device and method for detecting water level while drilling in underground coal mine directional drilling |
| CN114439463B (en) * | 2022-01-27 | 2022-10-28 | 冀中能源峰峰集团有限公司 | Technical method for verifying exploration treatment effect of ground area |
| CN114562331B (en) * | 2022-03-03 | 2023-04-11 | 中煤科工集团西安研究院有限公司 | Method for preventing and controlling old open water of integrated mine from being damaged by small kiln in same thick coal seam |
| CN115450693B (en) * | 2022-08-17 | 2023-07-14 | 中煤科工西安研究院(集团)有限公司 | Large-drop deep-discharging method and system for steeply inclined aquifer |
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