CN104179727A - 泵 - Google Patents

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Publication number
CN104179727A
CN104179727A CN201310196437.2A CN201310196437A CN104179727A CN 104179727 A CN104179727 A CN 104179727A CN 201310196437 A CN201310196437 A CN 201310196437A CN 104179727 A CN104179727 A CN 104179727A
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Prior art keywords
pump
motor
cavity
outlet pipe
blade
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CN201310196437.2A
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CN104179727B (zh
Inventor
郭传江
方传慧
曾希德
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Johnson Electric Shenzhen Co Ltd
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Johnson Electric Shenzhen Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201310196437.2A priority Critical patent/CN104179727B/zh
Priority to DE102014106932.3A priority patent/DE102014106932A1/de
Priority to KR1020140060232A priority patent/KR20140137312A/ko
Priority to US14/284,211 priority patent/US10145385B2/en
Priority to JP2014105799A priority patent/JP6426912B2/ja
Publication of CN104179727A publication Critical patent/CN104179727A/zh
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Publication of CN104179727B publication Critical patent/CN104179727B/zh
Priority to KR1020200144311A priority patent/KR102295404B1/ko
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04DNON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/40Casings; Connections of working fluid
    • F04D29/42Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/44Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers
    • F04D29/445Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers especially adapted for liquid pumps
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04DNON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D13/00Pumping installations or systems
    • F04D13/02Units comprising pumps and their driving means
    • F04D13/06Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04DNON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D13/00Pumping installations or systems
    • F04D13/02Units comprising pumps and their driving means
    • F04D13/06Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven
    • F04D13/08Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven for submerged use
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04DNON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/04Shafts or bearings, or assemblies thereof
    • F04D29/043Shafts
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04DNON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/08Sealings
    • F04D29/086Sealings especially adapted for liquid pumps
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04DNON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/18Rotors
    • F04D29/22Rotors specially for centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/2238Special flow patterns
    • F04D29/2255Special flow patterns flow-channels with a special cross-section contour, e.g. ejecting, throttling or diffusing effect
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04DNON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/18Rotors
    • F04D29/22Rotors specially for centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/2261Rotors specially for centrifugal pumps with special measures
    • F04D29/2277Rotors specially for centrifugal pumps with special measures for increasing NPSH or dealing with liquids near boiling-point
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04DNON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/18Rotors
    • F04D29/22Rotors specially for centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/24Vanes
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04DNON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/40Casings; Connections of working fluid
    • F04D29/42Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/426Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps especially adapted for liquid pumps
    • F04D29/4293Details of fluid inlet or outlet
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04DNON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/40Casings; Connections of working fluid
    • F04D29/42Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/44Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers
    • F04D29/445Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers especially adapted for liquid pumps
    • F04D29/448Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers especially adapted for liquid pumps bladed diffusers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04DNON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/40Casings; Connections of working fluid
    • F04D29/42Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/44Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers
    • F04D29/46Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers adjustable
    • F04D29/48Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers adjustable for unidirectional fluid flow in reversible pumps
    • F04D29/486Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers adjustable for unidirectional fluid flow in reversible pumps especially adapted for liquid pumps
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04DNON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/18Rotors
    • F04D29/22Rotors specially for centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/2261Rotors specially for centrifugal pumps with special measures
    • F04D29/2288Rotors specially for centrifugal pumps with special measures for comminuting, mixing or separating
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2210/00Working fluids
    • F05D2210/10Kind or type
    • F05D2210/11Kind or type liquid, i.e. incompressible
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2240/00Components
    • F05D2240/10Stators
    • F05D2240/12Fluid guiding means, e.g. vanes
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2240/00Components
    • F05D2240/10Stators
    • F05D2240/14Casings or housings protecting or supporting assemblies within
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2240/00Components
    • F05D2240/20Rotors
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2240/00Components
    • F05D2240/55Seals

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供一种泵,其包括马达、固定至该马达的泵壳、密闭安装至该泵壳并与该泵壳共同形成一腔体的密封盖、及容置在该腔体中由该马达驱动的叶轮。该泵壳包括出水管,该出水管相对的两端分别具有连通该腔体的入口以及远离该腔体的出口。该入口及该出口沿垂直于进入该出水管的水流的方向的横截面积分别为S1及S2,并且S1<S2。该叶轮包括若干沿垂直于该马达的轴向方向延伸的条状叶片,各叶片在旋转时所形成的圆的直径为DI,各叶片的径向末端在马达轴向方向上的高度为b,并且S1=Y*(πbDI),0.01≤Y≤0.02。本发明的出水管形成一个扩压段,可使水流压力升高。同时,上述参数的限定还使得整个泵工作的工作效率较高。

Description

技术领域
本发明涉及泵,尤其涉及一种用于汽车雨刮的洗涤泵。
背景技术
汽车雨刮在工作的同时通常会有一个泵向车窗玻璃喷水,以配合雨刮的工作,从而达到较佳的清洁效果。现有的一种泵的泵壳沿垂直轴向的截面呈圆形,该泵壳的出水通道大致沿圆周的切线方向延伸。该出水管道呈圆柱状,其沿垂直于水流方向的横截面积保持不变。此种具有圆柱状出水管道的泵能提供足量的水,然而,其泵出的水流水压较小。而且,此种泵的最高效率点所对应的流量往往大于所需的流量,因此,此种泵通常都不是工作在最高效的情况下。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明提供一种高效并且水压较大的泵。
一种泵包括马达、固定至该马达的泵壳、密闭安装至该泵壳并与该泵壳共同形成一腔体的密封盖、及容置在该腔体中由该马达驱动的叶轮。该泵壳包括出水管,该出水管相对的两端分别具有连通该腔体的入口以及远离该腔体的出口。该入口及该出口沿垂直于进入该出水管的水流的方向的横截面积分别为S1及S2,并且S1<S2。该叶轮包括若干沿垂直于该马达的轴向方向延伸的条状叶片,各叶片在旋转时所形成的圆的直径为DI,各叶片的径向末端在马达轴向方向上的高度为b,并且S1=Y*(πbDI),0.01≤Y≤0.02。
本发明的出水管形成一个扩压段,可使水流压力升高。同时,上述参数的限定还使得整个泵工作的工作效率较高。
为了能更进一步了解本发明的特征以及技术内容,请参阅以下有关本发明的详细说明与附图,然而所附图仅提供参考与说明用,并非用来对本发明加以限制。
附图说明
图1是本发明较佳实施方式的泵的示意图。
图2是图1的泵沿线II-II的剖视示意图。
图3是图1的泵沿线III-III的剖视示意图。
图4A是图1的泵的叶轮的示意图。
图4B是图4A的叶轮的俯视图。
图4C是图4A的叶轮的侧视图。
图5A和5B所示为图4A的叶轮另一实施方式的示意图。
图6是图1的泵的内密封圈的剖视示意图。
图7是本发明第二实施方式的泵的示意图。
图8是本发明第三实施方式的泵的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图,通过对本发明的具体实施方式详细描述,将使本发明的技术方案及其他有益效果显而易见。附图仅提供参考与说明用,并非用来对本发明加以限制。附图中显示的尺寸仅仅是为了便于清晰描述,而并不限定比例关系。
请参阅图1及图2,本发明的较佳实施方式的泵1可用于作为一个洗涤泵,包括一个泵壳10、一个密闭地安装至泵壳10的密封盖14、一个固定至泵壳10的马达20、一个容置在泵壳10中并由马达20驱动的叶轮30。
请结合图2及图3,泵壳10大致呈圆筒状从而形成一个大致呈圆柱状的收容空间(图未标)。泵壳10轴向一侧的底壁11沿轴向向外延伸出一个进水管12,其侧壁靠近底壁11的一端的相对两侧沿切线方向均向外延伸出一个出水管13。出水管13相对的两端分别具有连通泵壳10的收容空间的入口13a以及远离该收容空间的出口13b,入口13a及出口13b沿垂直于进入出水管13的水流的方向的横截面积分别为S1及S2。出水管13的水流通道沿水流的方向逐渐增加,即S2>S1。密封盖14包括一个位于轴向一侧的环状端板15、一个自端板15外缘沿轴向延伸的外侧板16以及一个自端板15内缘沿轴向延伸的内侧板17。外侧板16沿周向开设有一个圆形凹槽(图未标)。密封盖14通过一个部分容置在凹槽内的外密封圈5密封地安装至泵壳10的收容空间内靠近底壁11的一侧,并且与底壁11保持间隔,从而于密封盖14与底壁11之间形成一个腔体19。进水管12及出水管13均连通至腔体19。内侧板17中固定收容有一个内密封圈6。马达20的转轴26穿过内密封圈6而延伸至腔体19内。在转轴26转动过程中,转轴26与内密封圈6仍保持紧密接触,从而防止腔体19内的液体进入马达20。
请结合图2,马达20固定收容于泵壳10的收容空间的与腔体19相对的另一侧。马达20为直流马达,包括定子20a、端盖组件20b以及转子20c。定子20a包括杯状的壳体24、固定在壳体24内侧壁的永磁极25以及设置在壳体24轴向一端的第一轴承23。端盖组件20b安装至杯状壳体24开口的一端,包括若干与换向器27滑动地电连接的电刷21以及与第一轴承23相对设置的第二轴承22。转子20c包括转轴26、固定至转轴26的换向器27和铁芯28,以及缠绕至铁芯28并连接至换向器27的线圈29。转轴26一端通过第一轴承23可转动地安装至壳体24,另一端通过轴承22可转动地安装至端盖组件20b。如此,外部直流电源通过电刷21及换向器27向线圈29通电时,转子20c便可相对定子20a旋转。
请结合图4A,4B及4C,叶轮30包括一个沿轴向延伸的本体31以及多个自本体31沿垂直于轴向的方向向外延伸的条状叶片32。在本实施方式中,叶轮30包括三个沿周向均匀分布并且沿径向延伸的叶片32,各叶片32形状相同并且大致呈长方体状,并且其周向上的宽度沿径向向外逐渐增大,各叶片32的径向末端在马达轴向方向上的高度为b。如此,叶轮30旋转时,各叶片32所形成的圆的直径为DI。请再结合图2,叶轮30容置在腔体19中,本体31延伸至进水管12中并且安装至转轴26,以使得叶轮30由马达20驱动旋转。
工作过程中,马达20驱动叶轮30旋转,水流经进水管12进入腔体19后,由叶轮30驱动在腔体19内旋转,然后从入口13a进入出水管13,并从从口13b流出泵壳10。在水流从入口13a流至出口13b的过程中,由于出水管13的口径逐渐增大,出水管13在入口13a与出口13b之间实际形成了一个扩压段。在这个扩压段中,水流的动能向压力能转化,实现了水流压力的升高。当该泵1用于与汽车雨刮配合工作时,这样的高压水流有利于对车窗玻璃的清洗。改变马达20的旋转方向,并可使得水从另一个出水管流出泵壳10。
在叶片32驱动水流并将水流送入出水管13的过程中,实际上起主要作用的是叶片32周向方向上两个相对的侧表面。其面积越大,单位时间内驱动的水量就越多,反之越少。而只有当该水量与入口13a的横截面积S1匹配时,才能使得整个泵的工作效率较高。因为若S1太大,则空间无法得到充分利用;若S1太小,则有部分水流无法进入出水管13。这两种情况都会降低泵的效率。申请人通过试验发现,当出水管13入口13a的横截面积S1=Y*(πbDI),并且0.01≤Y≤0.02时,整个泵的工作效率较高。
可以理解,叶片32的形状也不限于上述实施方式所描述的方形。例如图5A和5B所示,叶片也可大致呈T形(中间高两侧低),此时叶片32的径向末端在马达轴向方向上的高度为b如图5B所示。
优选地,请结合图3,在扩压段中,其扩压系数(Diffusion Coefficient)L为出水管在入口13a与出口13b之间的长度。当Cd太小时,会导致扩压效果不明显,Cd太大时,会导致水流流动分离而不利于水压的增加。申请人通过试验发现,当0.35≤Cd≤0.07时,能取得较佳的扩压效果。
优选地,请结合图3,当圆形腔体19的直径与各叶片32所形成的圆的直径的比值DV/DI太小时,叶片32与腔体19的内壁的间隙太小,会导致水流速度太大,摩擦损耗大;当该比值太大时,需DI较小,但由于S1一定,因此会导致叶片32高度b变小,进而降低驱动效率。申请人通过试验发现,当1.04≤DV/DI≤1.1时,能获得较佳的效率。
优选地,如图6所示,内密封圈6具有一个环状的外圈7、一个自外圈7沿径向向内延伸的连接圈8、以及一个球面状沿径向向内弯曲的内圈9。内圈9轴向上的两端与转轴26接触,中间部位与转轴26之间有间隙。如此,可在保证密封性的同时减少内密封圈6与转轴26之间的摩擦损耗。
当然,上述泵的结构也不限于上述实施方式,比如图7所示,入水管也可大致沿垂直轴向的方向延伸。再比如图8所示,也可仅有一个出水管。这些泵只要符合上述参数限制,均具有上述对应的效果。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (9)

1.一种泵,包括:
马达;
固定至该马达的泵壳及密闭安装至该泵壳的密封盖,该密封盖与该泵壳共同形成一腔体,该泵壳包括出水管,该出水管相对的两端分别具有连通该腔体的入口以及远离该腔体的出口,该入口及该出口沿垂直于进入该出水管的水流的方向的横截面积分别为S1及S2,并且S1<S2;及
容置在该腔体中由该马达驱动的叶轮,其包括若干沿垂直于该马达的轴向方向延伸的条状叶片,各叶片在旋转时所形成的圆的直径为DI,各叶片的径向末端在马达轴向方向上的高度为b,并且S1=Y*(πbDI),0.01≤Y≤0.02。
2.如权利要求1所述的泵,其特征在于,该出水管在该入口及出口之间的长度为L,并且L满足以下关系式:
3.如权利要求1所述的泵,其特征在于,该腔体沿垂直于该马达轴向的横截面为圆形并且其直径为DV,1.04≤DV/DI≤1.1。
4.如权利要求1所述的泵,其特征在于,各叶轮沿周向均匀分布并且沿径向延伸。
5.如权利要求4所述的泵,其特征在于,各叶片沿垂直于其延伸方向的横截面为方形,并且各叶片的周向宽度沿径向向外逐渐增大。
6.如权利要求1所述的泵,其特征在于,该马达为直流马达。
7.如权利要求1所述的泵,其特征在于,该密封盖包括围成该腔体的环状端板及自该端板内缘沿轴向延伸的内侧板,该内侧板中固定收容有内密封圈,该马达具有穿过该内密封圈而延伸至该腔体内的转轴,所述叶轮固定至转轴末端。
8.如权利要求7所述的泵,其特征在于,该内密封圈包括环状的外圈、自该外圈沿径向向内延伸的连接圈、以及球面状沿径向向内弯曲的内圈,该内圈轴向上的两端与该转轴接触,中间部位与该转轴保持间隙。
9.如权利要求7所述的泵,其特征在于,该密封盖还包括自该端板外缘沿轴向延伸的外侧板,该外侧板通过外密封圈密闭地安装至该泵壳的内侧壁。
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