CN104170622A - Sowing and seedling raising method for mock orange - Google Patents
Sowing and seedling raising method for mock orange Download PDFInfo
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- CN104170622A CN104170622A CN201410389295.6A CN201410389295A CN104170622A CN 104170622 A CN104170622 A CN 104170622A CN 201410389295 A CN201410389295 A CN 201410389295A CN 104170622 A CN104170622 A CN 104170622A
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Abstract
The invention provides a sowing and seedling raising method for mock orange. The method comprises the following steps: sprouting seeds of mock orange at 16-26 DEG C; instantly transferring to a seedling raising plate filled with matrix when embryo roots are of 0.2-0.3 cm; sprinkling atomized water for close integration of the embryo roots and the matrix. The seedling raising matrix is prepared by intensively mixing turfy soil, river sands and field soil with the volume ratio of 3:1:1; the seed surfaces are not needed to be covered with soil after transplanting; a hole tray is put into a greenhouse; in the seed germination stage, air humidity is controlled to be 90% or above, the temperature is controlled to be 16-22 DEG C, and moderate water management is carried out. The method improves both the seed germination rate and the seedling survival rate of mock orange by sprouting, sowing and seedling raising in autumn and winter, and provides the key technical reference for commercialized seedling raising of mock orange as the period of seedling raising is shortened within one year.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agriculture field botanical seedling culturing field, relate in particular to a kind of mock orange seeding growing seedlings method.
Background technology
Philadelphus shrub plant, it spends fragrance, beauty, many focusing, and the florescence is more of a specified duration, is good ornamencal flower and tree.In China, be a dispersed species, but few to the research report of mock orange, rarely seen have a small amount of report on its Pollen Activity (Liu wins man, 2011) research and raise seedling in greenhouse (Gao Xia, 2003), lacks the research of its propagation technique and application.The modes of reproduction of mock orange is mainly seminal propagation.Carry out seeding and seedling raising technical research, to its mass production, advance the market development to there is very important status and effect.But its seminal propagation is subject to following some restriction: 1. seed is tiny, size as the seedling thin silk thread after seed germination, very thin and delicate, Seedling Stage is longer, careless slightlyly in management process will cause death of seedling.2. the germination rate of mock orange seed is lower, only 40% left and right.The seed-setting amount of mock orange is larger, but near maternal plant, seldom has seedling, and the probability that seed external enwergy out of office grows into seedling is very little, and in wild environment, rare mock orange seedling and difficulty are shown in that several strain mock orange plant are in same group.3. mock orange seed is ripe about October, adopts traditional seedling raising manners, about April next year, could sow, and production is oversize standby time.
Summary of the invention
The present invention, in order to solve the low problem of mock orange seminal propagation rate, provides a kind of mock orange seeding growing seedlings method, improves mock orange percentage of seedgermination and seedling percent, shortens growing-seedling period, for the commercialization of mock orange, grows seedlings key technology reference is provided.
The present invention adopts with adopting with the seedling raising manners of broadcasting, and after collecting seed October then, can sow, and adopts laboratory vernalization and booth training method.
The invention provides a kind of mock orange seeding growing seedlings method, comprise the following steps:
(1) presprouting of seeds.Pluck after mock orange seed directly Pregermination and seedling breeding autumn, maintain the temperature at 16-26 ℃, when mock orange seed base-root grows to 0.2-0.3cm, transplant seedlings.
(2) point disk seedling growing.Seedling medium employing turfy soil, river sand, the rural area soil by volume ratio of 3:1:1 fully mix sterilization, pack seedling-cultivating tray into; Mock orange seed after vernalization in step (1) is transferred to above the matrix of described seedling-cultivating tray, and after transplanting, the surface of the seed does not need earthing; Spray atomizing water in the matrix of cave panel surface, until cave dish drainage hole has water to ooze out, combines closely radicle and matrix; Described cave dish is placed in green house, controls air humidity more than 90%, temperature 16-22 ℃, and water management be take soil humidity as reference, and soil humidity remains on 60%-70%; When reaching 69-85cm, height of seedling goes out garden.Autumn, Pregermination and seedling breeding will maintain the temperature in green house, avoided seedling because low temperature causes blade rubescent, even occurred that blackout is downright bad.
The present invention, in step (1), at a quantitative filter paper of described germination box bottom pad, after the moistening filter paper of water, is placed on the seed of full grains on moistening filter paper.
Preferably, in step (1), described germination temperature is 25-26 ℃.
Preferably, in step (2), described seedling medium before transplanting seedlings 3 days with fenaminosulf pulvis or carbendazim by volume 1:500 times of ratio be watered pouring sterilization after uniform stirring, or other bactericide carry out disinfection on the market.
Preferably, in step (2), described seedling-cultivating tray is 108 orders.
Preferably, in step (2), the every cave of seedling-cultivating tray moves into a seed.
Preferably, adopt method holding temperature and the humidity of spreading bryophyte in the surrounding of seedling.
The present invention compared with prior art can reach following outstanding effect:
1. can allow the seedling of mock orange go out garden in 1 year, the garden that goes out for 2 years of growing seedlings than tradition has been shortened 1 year.
2. the germination rate of mock orange can be improved to 20% left and right.
3. can make the seedling percent of mock orange bring up to more than 96.5%.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the germination rate of mock orange seed under 3 temperature condition.
Embodiment
For further illustrating the present invention, below in conjunction with embodiment, mock orange seeding growing seedlings method provided by the invention is described in detail.
Presprouting of seeds characteristic research
Collect ripening fruits autumn on Wild plant, takes out seed from capsule, is placed in large culture dish, the large culture dish of two hand ends, the culture dish bottom surface that slightly tilts, the similar semicircle camber line of doing a direction rocks, by Action of Gravity Field carefully screening isolate full seed.Because seed is little, adopt and first weigh the method for counting afterwards, on accuracy 0.01% electronic balance (Shanghai FA2004), take 0.1 gram, calculate thousand kernel weight or gram particle number.
Several 3 300 seeds, adopt sproutung method on paper respectively, with 3 culture dishes, and a qualitative filter paper of culture dish bottom pad, filter paper is close to glass bottom, after moistening filter paper, puts mock orange seed on filter paper, and each culture dish is put 300.Culture dish is put into respectively to 16-17 ℃, and 20-21 ℃, germinates in the seed germination box of 25-26 ℃.Regularly observe its germination situation every day, statistics germination rate and germination vigor.Its objective is research seed sprouting temperature and define without dormancy habit.
Experimental result shows, the thousand kernel weight of mock orange is 0.18 gram of left and right only, and seed is the most slightly spindle, and the shortest length is less than 0.05cm.Germination rate under three condition of different temperatures of seed of mock orange as shown in Figure 1, at 16-17 ℃, 20-21 ℃, under 25-26 ℃ of three each and every one germination temperatures, the germination rate of mock orange seed is respectively 62%, 60% and 64%, wherein within the 4th day, start at 25-26 ℃ to germinate, the Duan 7-10 days in rush hour that germinates, finishes to germinate on the 13rd day; 20-21 ℃ started at the 6th day to germinate, and the Duan 10-13 days in rush hour that germinates germinates and finishes on the 15th day afterwards; And at 16-17 ℃, seed starts to sprout on the 7th day, germination section in rush hour, at 11-14 days, finishes after 16 days to germinate.Illustrate that mock orange seed does not have dormancy, 16-26 ℃ of seed can be sprouted, and in this temperature section, the germination rate of seed is subject to the impact of temperature little, but temperature is high, and obviously shorten the required administrative time of germinateing.This conclusion, for overcoming season limit, provides strong technical support ahead of time by the tradition sowing time in spring to autumn and winter.
Embodiment 1
After vernalization in autumn, point disk seedling growing method is processed
Pluck full mock orange seed vernalization under laboratory condition October.Seed is placed in germination box, is divided into three germination boxes, in each germination box, seed is 200, and weight is 0.033g.The seed of vernalization in October is considered the low temperature of surviving the winter, vernalization at 20 ℃, when seed base-root grows 0.2-0.3cm, transfer to immediately in 108 object seedling-cultivating trays, matrix adopt turfy soil, river sand, rural area soil by volume the ratio of 3:1:1 fully mix, transplant seedlings and by 1:500 times of ratio of fenaminosulf pulvis, be watered pouring sterilization after uniform stirring in first 3 days.While transplanting seedlings, pack matrix into seedling-cultivating tray, matrix charge weight and seedling culture hole plate upper surface maintain an equal level, and every cave moves into 1 seed, have moved rear with sprayer spray atomizing water in the matrix of cave panel surface, until cave dish drainage hole has water to ooze out, seed and matrix are combined closely.Because seed is tiny, transplanting seed afterwards does not need earthing, in order to avoid affect planting percent.Vernalization success is 367 altogether, and germination rate is 61.2%.Then cave dish is placed in green house, controls air humidity more than 90%, temperature 17-22 ℃ of left and right, supports pipe about January meticulously, and seedling does not have the phenomena of mortality, grows 2 pairs of true leaves, the about 2cm of height of seedling.Now outdoor temperature also declines, and green house temperature under the condition of not heating also can reduce gradually.For the ease of Technique Popularizing and reducing production costs, seedling is all placed in the plastic tunnel of not heating and survives the winter, and the temperature in plastic tunnel is 8-17 ℃.Mid-December; in order to cushion the outdoor temperature injury that especially night, temperature declined to seedling; seedling is divided into 2 groups; one group of 200 seedling seedling, spreads bryophyte in the surrounding of every strain seedling, and seedling is trapped among to central authorities; can make outdoor low temperature and day and night temperature just act on seedling after twice temperature difference buffering of greenhouse air and liver moss; alleviate low temperature or alternating temperature to the stimulation of seedling and injury, effectively protect seedling, now the temperature in plastic tunnel is 8-17 ℃.Another organizes 167 seedlings, in being the plastic tunnel of 8-17 ℃, temperature do not do above-mentioned processing, outdoor low temperature and day and night temperature only just act on seedling after a temperature difference buffering of greenhouse air, seedling accept the stimulation of low temperature and alternating temperature and injury compared with first group fast and directly.Water management be take soil humidity as reference, soil humidity 60%-70%, and stromal surface does not have obvious dry-out phenomenon just not water.January, outdoor temperature was minimum, to seedling, was a test.Find mid-January, two groups of seedling all do not grow tall, and blade is from edge toward interior rubescent, there is no the even more serious mistake of the rubescent phenomenon of seedling leaves of liver moss protection, even occur that blackout is downright bad.Mid-March, temperature gos up, and the storage rate of statistics seedling finds there are only dead 7 strains of mock orange seedling of liver moss protection, and storage rate reaches 96.5%, and there is no mock orange death of seedling 62 strains of liver moss protection, storage rate 62.8%.Than the former storage rate, reduce by 33.7%.Illustrate that the injury that liver moss is cushioned low temperature, especially difference variation to seedling plays an important role.The 4-5 month, the mock orange seedling Fast Growth after surviving the winter, mid-June, height of seedling reaches 23-31cm left and right, and blade reaches 7-9 couple, and October, height of seedling reached 69-85cm, can go out garden.By above-mentioned cultivation, the seed that can allow First Year gather, autumn next year, seedling can go out garden sale.
Control Example 1
After vernalization in spring, cave dish raise seedling in greenhouse is processed
The mock orange seed gathering autumn is placed in paper bag and is survived the winter under room temperature condition, and next year is vernalization by the end of March.Seed is placed in germination box, is divided into three germination boxes, in each germination box, seed is 200, and weight is 0.033g.Vernalization at 20 ℃, when seed base-root grows 0.2-0.3cm, transfer to immediately in 108 object seedling-cultivating trays, matrix adopt turfy soil, river sand, rural area soil by volume the ratio of 3:1:1 fully mix, transplant seedlings and by 1:500 times of ratio of fenaminosulf pulvis, be watered pouring sterilization after uniform stirring in first 3 days.While transplanting seedlings, pack matrix into seedling-cultivating tray, matrix charge weight and seedling culture hole plate upper surface maintain an equal level, and every cave moves into 1 seed, have moved rear with sprayer spray atomizing water in the matrix of cave panel surface, until cave dish drainage hole has water to ooze out, seed and matrix are combined closely.Then cave dish is placed on to greenhouse cultivation, precision management, keeps air humidity 90% left and right, temperature 20-25 ℃, shading 85%, in order to avoid thin and delicate seedling dehydration is dead, mid-April, statistics statistics germination rate was 60.2%, cultivation is to June, and seedling height is 5-7cm only, more after the summer, cultivates to October, the storage rate of statistics seedling is 74.3%, now the high 18-20cm of seedling, can not go out garden, need within 1 year, just can go out garden in cultivation.
Control Example 2
Autumn live raise seedling in greenhouse method
October, take 0.1 gram, seed, with 200ml carefully dry sand fully mix thoroughly, be sown in seedling-cultivating tray, for seedling medium turfy soil, river sand, rural area soil by volume the ratio of 3:1:1 fully mix, matrix is sowed after 500 times of liquid disinfectants of carbendazim, after planting cover the sandy soil of 0.1cm left and right, spray atomizing water, until seedling-cultivating tray drainage hole has water to ooze out, fully soaks seedling medium.Then the seedling-cultivating tray after soaking is directly put into plastic tunnel.Now plastic tunnel temperature is roughly about 16-20 ℃ change.After planting the 10th day seed starts to sprout emerges, and after 20 days, no longer includes seed germination.After 20 days, add up germination rate only 39.5%.Seedling survives the winter in booth, and because winter temperature is lower, booth does not possess heating function, is subject to the impact of extraneous low temperature, and while surviving the winter, greenhouse temperature is between 8-17 ℃.Water management be take soil humidity as reference, soil humidity 60%-70%, and stromal surface does not have obvious dry-out phenomenon just not water.After surviving the winter, storage rate approximately 65.0%, and in spring next year, seedling enters fast growing period, carries out thinning and the work of transplanting seedlings, and the seedling after transplanting has seedling-slowing stage, and add up mid-June, and height of seedling 13-17cm, adds up height of seedling and reach 56-69cm October.Compare with cave dish sowing after vernalization in autumn, emergence rate reduces by 21.7%, and planting percent reduces more than 20%, and seedling height is starkly lower than the latter.
Control Example 3
Spring live field seedling raising method
The mock orange seed of plucking is planted in land for growing field crops rural area soil mid-March next year, rural area soil is whole mixes 0.1 gram of seed and fine sand thoroughly rear uniform broadcasting in field after carefully raking, the shading net of full shading on sprayer water spray bonnet, observes water regime instant moisturizing every day, keeps soil moisture.But because field seeding can be poor to the air of sowing environment and soil temperature and humidity controllability, upper soll layer 0.2cm left and right is subject to the impact that air humidity varies is large, can not guarantee that the humidity of whole day is at 60%-70%, air humidity also has no idea to be controlled at more than 90%.In the time of the 10th day, add up germination rate 35.5% left and right, the 15th day statistics germination rate 31.3%.Early April, because weather is warmmer, noon, temperature reached more than 30 ℃, and soil evaporativeness is larger, and seedling is tiny and fragile, occurs dehydration and death, and add up the middle ten days, and seedling storage rate is 0.Illustrating that field seeding is grown seedlings is not suitable for mock orange.
The germination rate of the different seedling raise periods of table 1 and seedling raising manners and seedling percent comparison
To sum up think, after mock orange is collected seed, autumn and winter vernalization seeding and seedling raising, germination rate reaches 61.2%, than direct booth sowing (germination rate 40% left and right) high 20% left and right; Planting percent is higher more secure, can be more than 96.5%; Reach than next spring seeding and seedling raising carry and go out garden the previous year.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a mock orange seeding growing seedlings method, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) presprouting of seeds: pluck after mock orange seed directly Pregermination and seedling breeding autumn, maintain the temperature at 16-26 ℃, transplant seedlings when mock orange seed base-root grows to 0.2-0.3cm.
(2) point disk seedling growing: seedling medium employing turfy soil, river sand, the rural area soil by volume ratio of 3:1:1 fully mix sterilization, pack seedling-cultivating tray into; Mock orange seed after vernalization in step (1) is transferred to above the matrix of described seedling-cultivating tray, and after transplanting, the surface of the seed does not need earthing; Spray atomizing water in the matrix of cave panel surface, until cave dish drainage hole has water to ooze out, combines closely radicle and matrix; Described cave dish is placed in green house, controls air humidity more than 90%, temperature 16-22 ℃, and water management be take soil humidity as reference, and soil humidity remains on 60%-70%; When reaching 69-85cm, height of seedling goes out garden.
2. mock orange seeding growing seedlings method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (1), at a quantitative filter paper of described germination box bottom pad, after the moistening filter paper of water, the seed of full grains is placed on moistening filter paper.
3. mock orange seeding growing seedlings method according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, in step (1), described germination temperature is 25-26 ℃.
4. according to the mock orange seeding growing seedlings method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step (2), described seedling medium before transplanting seedlings 3 days with fenaminosulf pulvis or carbendazim by volume 1:500 times of ratio be watered pouring sterilization after uniform stirring.
5. according to the mock orange seeding growing seedlings method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step (2), described seedling-cultivating tray is 108 orders.
6. according to any one mock orange seeding growing seedlings method described in claim 1 or 5, it is characterized in that, in step (2), the every cave of seedling-cultivating tray moves into a seed.
7. according to the mock orange seeding growing seedlings method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step (2), the method that adopts surrounding seedling to spread bryophyte maintains humidity and temperature.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105432314A (en) * | 2016-01-05 | 2016-03-30 | 湖南农业大学 | Seed sowing and seedling breeding method of azaleas |
| CN105746224A (en) * | 2016-02-18 | 2016-07-13 | 山东省林木种质资源中心 | Greenhouse seedling cultivating method for kalopanax septemlobus seeds |
| CN107347302A (en) * | 2017-08-18 | 2017-11-17 | 山东省林木种质资源中心 | A kind of glabraous deutzia greenhouse pregermination device and germination accelerating method |
| TWI661765B (en) * | 2018-01-24 | 2019-06-11 | 四季洋圃生物機電股份有限公司 | Nursery device |
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2014
- 2014-08-08 CN CN201410389295.6A patent/CN104170622B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105432314A (en) * | 2016-01-05 | 2016-03-30 | 湖南农业大学 | Seed sowing and seedling breeding method of azaleas |
| CN105746224A (en) * | 2016-02-18 | 2016-07-13 | 山东省林木种质资源中心 | Greenhouse seedling cultivating method for kalopanax septemlobus seeds |
| CN105746224B (en) * | 2016-02-18 | 2019-02-05 | 山东省林木种质资源中心 | A kind of kalopanax septemlobus seed is nursed young plants in hothouses method |
| CN107347302A (en) * | 2017-08-18 | 2017-11-17 | 山东省林木种质资源中心 | A kind of glabraous deutzia greenhouse pregermination device and germination accelerating method |
| CN107347302B (en) * | 2017-08-18 | 2023-01-17 | 山东省林木种质资源中心 | Germination accelerating device and germination accelerating method for scandent schefflera glabrata greenhouse |
| TWI661765B (en) * | 2018-01-24 | 2019-06-11 | 四季洋圃生物機電股份有限公司 | Nursery device |
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| CN104170622B (en) | 2016-08-17 |
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Inventor after: Cai Shizhen Inventor after: Deng Huiming Inventor after: Li Xi Inventor after: Chen Youxiang Inventor after: Xie Chengcheng Inventor after: Ye Chong Inventor after: Xiong Ying Inventor after: Zhao Chaoliang Inventor after: Su Mingjie Inventor after: Long Congying Inventor before: Chen Youxiang Inventor before: Tan Yong Inventor before: Li Xi Inventor before: Cai Shizhen Inventor before: Sun Lingxia Inventor before: Ye Chong Inventor before: Liao Yuanlin |
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