CN104136119B - 受保护的还原金属催化剂 - Google Patents
受保护的还原金属催化剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104136119B CN104136119B CN201280070015.4A CN201280070015A CN104136119B CN 104136119 B CN104136119 B CN 104136119B CN 201280070015 A CN201280070015 A CN 201280070015A CN 104136119 B CN104136119 B CN 104136119B
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000021081 unsaturated fats Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011949 solid catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003863 metallic catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013032 Hydrocarbon resin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920006270 hydrocarbon resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 7
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- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
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- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006384 oligomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000007096 poisonous effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003426 co-catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002366 halogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000415 inactivating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 159000000003 magnesium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000346 nonvolatile oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000527 sonication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/06—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing polymers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
- C10G2/30—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen
- C10G2/32—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen with the use of catalysts
- C10G2/33—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen with the use of catalysts characterised by the catalyst used
- C10G2/331—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen with the use of catalysts characterised by the catalyst used containing group VIII-metals
- C10G2/332—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen with the use of catalysts characterised by the catalyst used containing group VIII-metals of the iron-group
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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- C10G2/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
- C10G2/30—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen
- C10G2/32—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen with the use of catalysts
- C10G2/33—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen with the use of catalysts characterised by the catalyst used
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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- C10G3/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
- C10G3/42—Catalytic treatment
- C10G3/44—Catalytic treatment characterised by the catalyst used
- C10G3/45—Catalytic treatment characterised by the catalyst used containing iron group metals or compounds thereof
- C10G3/46—Catalytic treatment characterised by the catalyst used containing iron group metals or compounds thereof in combination with chromium, molybdenum, tungsten metals or compounds thereof
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G3/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
- C10G3/50—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids in the presence of hydrogen, hydrogen donors or hydrogen generating compounds
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- B01J2231/00—Catalytic reactions performed with catalysts classified in B01J31/00
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- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/78—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with alkali- or alkaline earth metals
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- C07C1/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of a carbon
- C07C1/04—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of a carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen
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- C07C1/043—Catalysts; their physical properties characterised by the composition
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Abstract
本发明涉及制造受保护的还原负载型金属催化剂粉末的方法,特别是用于各种化学反应的催化剂,例如石化以及油脂化学加工中烃类化合物的氢化反应;不饱和脂肪以及油类的氢化,以及不饱和烃树脂;以及费希尔特普罗西方法中。本发明还涉及含有上述催化剂以及液体的组合物。根据本发明提供了在载体上制造受保护的还原金属催化剂的方法,其中该负载型催化剂是粉末的形式,上述方法包括使上述负载型催化剂与液体在惰性气氛接触并混合,其中液体的量对应初湿含浸法需要的量的最多5倍。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及制造受保护的还原负载型金属催化剂粉末的方法,特别是用于各种化学反应的催化剂,例如石化以及油脂化学加工中烃类化合物的氢化反应;不饱和脂肪与油类以及不饱和烃树脂的氢化;以及费希尔特普罗西(Fischer Tropsch)方法中。本发明还涉及含有所述催化剂以及液体的组合物。
背景技术
烃树脂是通过烃片段的寡聚(oligomerization)或聚合(polymerization)而成,通常是来自(催化)原油裂解,包括轻油裂解的石油蒸馏以及馏分(fraction)。为了提供树脂需要的(化学与物理)特性,通常是使用氢化催化剂将树脂氢化。在该过程中使用最常用的镍催化剂。
氢化可用来改性烃树脂的各种特性。上述改性的实例包括去除部分或所有的芳香功能,去除所谓颜色成份(使树脂由棕色或黄色脱色成白色),改变分子量的分布,以及去除杂质,例如硫,氮及/或卤素化合物。
可实现这些特定需求的专用金属催化剂,例如有镍以及钯催化剂,其通常是位于无机载体上的还原金属颗粒。这样的实例的一个为在二氧化硅/氧化铝上负载的镍催化剂。
负载型金属催化剂通常是以多孔颗粒、多孔粉末或整块形状、整装填料(structured packing)、碇状、挤出物或圆球的形式。在树脂氢化中经常使用粉末形式的催化剂。
然而,这样粉末催化剂可自燃、发热,通常具有远低于室温的自燃温度。这样的催化剂因而需要被包装且以受保护的和/或稳定的方式运送。
常用的稳定这样的催化剂的方法是在催化剂还原后,进行控制的氧化步骤,如DE-A-199 09 175所描述。此该步骤中,催化剂在受控的方式下暴露在氧中,例如还原镍颗粒的外层以薄层的氧化镍保护着。然而此稳定步骤不仅花时间,且产生的产品因通常含有小的粉尘组成且有毒的颗粒而不符合需要。此外,该方法只能导致自燃温度的稍微升高。
成形的催化剂通常是浸渍在保护液体中而被稳定化。在处理保护成形的催化剂时,多余的液体被去除,然后成形的催化剂装入反应器中。粉末状催化剂也能该方法稳定,将导致浆料的形成。然而,应用于粉末催化剂时,该方法的缺点是粉末状催化剂会有沉淀的倾向,而导致稳定的粉末催化剂难于处理,特别是当装入反应器的时候。
EP-A-0 572 081描述用保护油脂涂布催化剂粉末。此方法的缺点是必须去除油脂涂层,以在用于不包括油脂的应用时防止污染。在许多应用中这样的污染是是不可接受的。
WO-A-2004/035204描述了通过在硬化植物油或油脂中分散以保护还原催化剂粉末,以制造催化剂薄片或微滴的方法。同样地,只能在所述油脂或脂肪不污染产品时应用此方法。
US-B-6 294 498描述了以聚合物涂布外表面而保护固体催化剂的方法。US-B-6294 498描述聚合物涂层的量应小于催化剂的量的25%。此外,在低于聚合物的结晶点的温度应用所述聚合物。
JP-A-8 024 665描述了使用非挥发油防止金属催化剂失活和点燃。同样地,此方法的缺点是必须用另外的化学品去除保护性涂层。此文献也描述了该方法可用来制造糊剂,其缺点是其形式不利于运送及处理。
US-A-3 453 217描述具有圆柱形状的保护的催化剂颗粒。并未公开或建议催化剂粉末。
EP-A-0 249 849描述在惰性气氛下将一或多种液体醇类注入所述催化剂以保护所述成型的催化剂。
发明内容
本发明的目的为提供一种以改良的方式受保护的催化剂粉末,其能够安全并容易地包装,运送以及加工,没有自燃的危险,且避免了有毒尘粒的形成。本发明的方法的另一优点是保护液体涂层能在催化过程中通过蒸馏去除。
发现可通过还原负载型金属催化剂粉末与特定量的液体的接触与混合的方法而满足该目标。
因此,本发明涉及在载体上制造保护还原金属催化剂的方法,其中所述负载催化剂是粉末形式,所述方法包括使所述负载型催化剂与液体在惰性气氛下接触并混合;其中液体的量对应初湿含浸法需要的量的最多5倍。
尤其地,本发明的方法可用于保护适用于氢化作用的粉末催化剂。
以获得液体充分覆盖的粉末颗粒的方式进行混合。认为当粉末暴露于空气而不自燃时覆盖是充分的。通常,假设粉末不自燃时,基本上所有颗粒(例如超过95%)的基本整个表面(例如超过95%)是被液体覆盖的。可使用常见的混合设备,例如振动(shaking),使用搅拌器或转子、带式搅拌机(ribbon blender)、超声处理(sonication)等进行混合。
通常使用的液体的量是初湿含浸法需要的液体的量的数倍。所述液体的量优选是初湿含浸法需要的液体的量的1至5倍,更优选约1.3至4.5倍,最优选约1.5至3.5倍。
初湿含浸法是已知用于由混合固体载体与特定量的含金属的液体而合成异质催化剂的技术。初湿含浸法中用于浸渍的液体的体积是刚好足够完全“湿润”催化剂;液体完全填满固体的孔隙且没有多余液体。毛细管作用将液体拉入孔中。根据催化剂的孔体积,用于初湿含浸法的液体/催化剂的初湿比例通常是约一当量的液体比两当量的催化剂。
令人惊奇地,发现负载型还原金属催化剂粉末通过以特定量的高沸腾液体覆盖其金属表面可基本防止快速氧化。上述量与初湿含浸的水平有关。此外,发现金属的还原程度比通常稳定的催化剂,特别是镍催化剂,相似或稍微更好。
所述催化剂中的金属可选自由镍、钴、铂、钯、铑、钌、铜、钼以及它们的组合所组成的组中。所述金属优选为镍或钴。
所述固体催化剂载体可选自由二氧化硅、氧化铝、二氧化硅/氧化铝、二氧化钛、氧化锆、沸石、黏土材料以及它们的组合所组成的组中。固体催化剂载体优选二氧化硅/氧化铝。
基于所述锻烧的催化剂的重量,所述镍催化剂通常可包括最多70wt%的镍。基于所述锻烧的催化剂的重量,所述钴催化剂通常包括最多40wt%的钴金属。贵金属催化剂通常可包括最多5wt%的所述锻烧的催化剂。
合适的液体是有机液体。所述液体优选选自具有闪点>40℃以及沸点<300℃的有机液体的组中,所述液体优选具有闪点>45℃,沸点低于250℃。水以及水与有机液体的组合同样适用作液体。然而,较少优选水或有机液体与水的组合,因为水在很多反应中是污染物,特别是在有机介质中进行的反应。特别是当以本发明设想的量应用时。通常使用液体的热容量>1.5kJ/kg·k。
所述液体优选选自由C10-C13脂肪族烃液体、加氢脱硫重石脑油、石油溶剂、四氢化萘、芳香族、酯、醚和它们的组合所组成的组中。
使用这样液体的优点是上述可通过蒸发去除它们,特别是蒸馏和/或对于其中使用所述催化剂的反应的产品本身是无害的。因此,当在催化过程中使用催化剂时,将不会导入另外的化学杂质。
术语惰性气氛理解为含有≦5质量%氧气的气氛。惰性气氛优选含有氮气或氩气。
发现本发明的方法生产的受保护的催化剂对于自燃令人惊讶地稳定,且足以预防粉尘产生。这对于在加工中掺杂及使用所述保护的催化剂是有利的。另一优点是根据本发明的方法保护的催化剂在它使用的过程中引起有很少的污染。另一个优点为保护加工未损害催化剂的活性或选择性。本发明的方法还有利于:与目前的方法相比能消耗更少的时间并且经济上更可行。此外,所述受保护的催化剂比常规方法保护的催化剂更易于处理及运送。
令人惊讶地,发现使用有机液体根据本发明的方法以保护时,可从通过常规的方式稳定催化剂时的65℃提高负载型镍催化剂粉末的自燃温度至约177℃。
十分令人惊讶地,与通常使用空气稳定的方法的那些产物相比,本发明的方法可提供更为稳定的负载型金属催化剂粉末产品。更令人惊讶地,这可通过使用自身易燃的有机液体而实现,而最让人惊讶的是使用相应达到初湿含浸法需要量的量的5倍的液体,足以保护所述催化剂。
不希望受限于理论,认为所述液体确保受保护的还原金属催化剂粉末在室温的空气中不自燃。认为有两个原因:1)由于有机液体控制氧通过液体扩散到催化剂而防止所述还原金属粉末被快速氧化;2)由于所述保护液体的热容量而补偿热形成。
因此,本发明所述的受保护的催化剂包括金属颗粒在其上面的载体,所述金属颗粒包括还原金属的核,并且在这些金属颗粒表面上有金属氧化物层。本发明所述的受保护的催化剂进一步具有被所述液体覆盖的基本所有金属颗粒(例如超过95%)的基本整个表面(例如超过95%)。
使用根据本发明所述的受保护的催化剂的优点是当实际使用此催化剂时,即受保护的催化剂与溶剂中的反应物随后接触时,能容易地蒸馏出保护所述催化剂的液体。
在另一实施方式中,本发明的方法进一步包括使所述还原负载型体金属催化剂粉末与液体在惰性气氛中接触并混合,以产生浆料,然后减少所述浆料中的液体量,使所述液体的量是初湿含浸法需要的量的1至5倍。
优选通过过滤,离心和/或蒸发而减少所述液体量。
上述受保护的催化剂可适用于还原或氢化过程,例如石化以及油脂化学加工中烃类化合物上的氢化反应;例如不饱和脂肪以及油类、以及不饱和烃树脂的氢化;以及费希尔特普罗西方法中。
本发明也涉及通过根据本发明的方法获得的含有还原负载型金属催化剂粉末与液体的糊剂或颗粒。
这里限定颗粒为含有物质的小颗粒的紧密的聚合颗粒。
所述受保护的催化剂粉末为颗粒或糊剂的形式,与通常浆料的形式的常规保护的催化剂粉末相比,其优点是颗粒与糊剂,特别是颗粒更易使用,在使用前需要更少的处理(不出现沉淀),且比浆料更易处理与运送。
附图说明
图1为实施例1~3的液体活性与以空气稳定的类似物的活性比较示意图。
图2为描述了实施例4的气流式热安定性(Grewer test)测试的温度曲线图。
图3为描述了实施例7的气流式热安定性测试的温度曲线图。
图4为描述了通常的空气稳定的类似物的气流式热安定性测试的温度曲线图。具体实施方式
现基于下面的非限制性实施例说明本发明。
实施例
根据WO-A-01/36093的那些报道制造还原粉末镍催化剂。通常,在80℃的温度于均匀搅拌的沉淀器皿中混合含有镍与镁盐,硅酸盐与碳酸钠的溶液。所述形成的浆料pH为约7.5,在完成沉淀一小时后。将清洗沉淀物后,过滤催化剂的前体,并在110℃下在烤箱中干燥。用氢气活化催化剂。生成的还原粉末镍催化剂具有镍含量62wt%,SiO2含量11wt%,以及镁含量2.8wt%。
实施例1
用C10-C13液体制备4.1倍的初湿含浸法湿润的催化剂混合物。在含氮的手套箱中混合如上述制备的20g的还原镍催化剂和所述限定量的C10~C13液体。通过在250ml的圆底烧瓶中轻微地旋转30分钟而进行混合。接着,以试样瓶获得所述混合物,并暴露样品于空气中。生成的样品没有点燃,并获得难于处理的湿的糊剂。此样品的还原(还原金属的百分比)的程度是60.4%。
实施例2
用C10-C13液体制备2.7倍的初湿含浸法湿润的催化剂混合物。在含氮的手套箱中混合20g的还原镍催化剂和所述限定量的C10~C13液体。通过在250ml的圆底烧瓶中轻微地旋转30分钟而进行混合。接着,以试样瓶获得所述混合物,并暴露样品于空气中。这导致温度小幅及受控地升高。冷却后,获得的生成的样品是稳定、容易处理的包含大的结块的颗粒混合物。此样品的还原程度是54.6%。
实施例3
用C10-C13液体制备2.1倍的初湿含浸法湿润的催化剂混合物。在含氮的手套箱中混合20g的还原镍催化剂和所述限定量的C10~C13液体。通过在250ml的圆底烧瓶中轻微地旋转30分钟而进行混合。接着,以试样瓶获得所述混合物,并暴露样品于空气中。这导致温度小幅及受控地升高。冷却后,获得的生成的样品是稳定、无粉尘、且容易处理的颗粒混合物。此样品的还原的程度是52.3%。
实施例4
用C10-C13液体制备2.3倍的初湿含浸法湿润的催化剂混合物。在含氮的手套箱中混合20g的还原镍催化剂和所述限定量的C10~C13液体。通过在250ml的圆底烧瓶中轻微地旋转30分钟而进行混合。接着,以试样瓶获得所述混合物,并暴露样品于空气中。这导致温度小幅及受控地升高。冷却后,获得的生成的样品是稳定的、无粉尘、且容易处理的含小结块的颗粒混合物。
实施例5
使用Exxsol D40(从Exxon Mobile获得的脱芳构化的烃液体,通常具有低于1%的芳香含量,具有沸点234~267℃,以及闪点103℃)制备4.8倍的初湿含浸法湿润的催化剂混合物。在含氮的手套箱中混合20g的还原镍催化剂与所述限定量的Exxsol D40(从ExxonMobile获得的脱芳构化的烃液体,通常具有低于1%的芳香含量,具有沸点234~267℃,以及闪点103℃)。通过在250ml的圆底烧瓶中轻微地旋转30分钟而进行混合。接着,以试样瓶获得所述混合物,并暴露样品于空气中。获得的生成的样品是难于处理的稳定的湿的糊剂。此样品的还原程度是72.6%。
实施例6
用Exxsol D40制备3.2倍的初湿含浸法湿润的催化剂混合物。在含氮的手套箱中混合20g的还原镍催化剂与所述限定量的Exxsol D40液体。通过在250ml的圆底烧瓶中轻微地旋转30分钟而进行混合。接着,以试样瓶获得所述混合物,并暴露样品于空气中。这导致温度小幅及受控地升高。冷却后,获得的生成的样品是稳定且容易处理的含结块的颗粒混合物。此样品的还原程度是65.8%。
实施例7
用Exxsol D40制备2.4倍的初湿含浸法湿润的催化剂混合物。在含氮的手套箱中混合20g的还原镍催化剂与所述限定量的Exxsol D40液体。通过在250ml的圆底烧瓶中轻微地旋转30分钟而进行混合。接着,以试样瓶获得上述混合物,并暴露样品于空气中。这导致温度小幅及受控地升高。冷却后,获得的生成的样品是稳定且容易处理的含小结块的颗粒混合物。此样品的还原程度是54.3%。
实施例8
在含氮的手套箱中用勺子混合20g的还原镍催化剂与130ml的Exxsol D40液体数分钟。从手套箱去除生成的湿浆料,并通过过滤的方式去除多余的液体。以试样瓶收集生成的滤块,作为糊剂。为进一步干燥,样品经减压。这样,获得稳定且易处理的催化剂。
实施例9
通过在10L的带式搅拌机中混合,用Exxsol D40制备1.6倍的初湿含浸法湿润的催化剂混合物。900g的还原镍催化剂在惰性气氛下置入带式搅拌机中。接着,在轻微地混合催化剂粉末的同时,喷洒所述限定量的Exxsol D40到混合器中。然后,使空气进入反应器中,并混合反应器的内容物直到氧化过程完成。生成的混合物是稳定、颗粒状、几乎不含任何结块的无粉尘混合物。重要地,生成的材料没有结块现象。
实施例10(对比)
将20g的新还原镍催化剂置入炉管反应器中,并以60dm3/hr施加N2气流直到温度达到60℃。N2气流调整为175dm3/hr加上4.5dm3/hr的空气(使稳定气体中氧含量为0.5vol%)。在逐渐降低床温的同时,N2气流降为100dm3/hr(使稳定气体中最终氧含量为1.2vol%)。保持所述产生的条件稳定18个小时的期间。在用100%空气短地冲洗2小时后,收集样品的粉尘细粉。此对比样品的还原程度是55.3%。
实施例11
图1显示了实施例1~3的活性曲线与常规空气-稳定的镍催化剂类似物的活性曲线的比较。活性曲线是在下列条件下纪录的氢气吸收曲线:0.75g的催化剂(基于干重)加到75g的C9-树脂与75g的Exxsol D40液体的混合物中。混合产生的悬浮液,并在4Bar H2的气氛下升高温度到270℃。当温度达到270℃时,氢气压力提高到80Bar,开始记录氢气吸收。
图1中清楚可见液体保护的催化剂的活性比得上空气稳定的类似物。
实施例12:自燃点分析
对数个样品进行气流式热安定性测试,以调查自燃温度(测定样品热稳定性的方法)。对于根据实施例4制造的样品,发现自燃测试的起始是在约177℃的温度,如图2所示。
对于实施例7制造的样品,发现自燃起始是在约133℃的温度,如图3所示。
为了比较的原因,也针对常规空气稳定的类似物做自燃测试。此参考材料在65℃自燃起始,如图4所示。这表示根据本发明的方法用于涂布样品的液体具有强的稳定效果。
Claims (13)
1.一种在载体上制造呈颗粒或糊剂形式的受保护的还原负载型金属催化剂的方法,其中所述还原负载型金属催化剂是粉末的形式,所述方法包括使所述还原负载型金属催化剂与液体在惰性气氛接触并混合,使基本上所有颗粒的基本整个表面被所述液体覆盖,并且其中液体的量对应初湿含浸法需要的量的最多5倍,并且其中所述液体选自由具有大于40℃的闪点以及小于300℃的沸点的有机液体以及它们的组合组成的组中。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述液体的量是初湿含浸法所需要的量的1至5倍。
3.如前述权利要求的任一项所述的方法,其中,所述方法进一步包括使所述还原负载型金属催化剂与液体在惰性气氛接触并混合,以产生浆料,然后减少所述浆料中的液体的量,使所述液体量为初湿含浸法所需要的量的1至5倍。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述液体的量是初湿含浸法需要的液体的量的1.3至4.5倍。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法,其中所述液体的量是初湿含浸法需要的液体的量的1.5至3.5倍。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述还原负载型金属催化剂的金属选自由镍、钴、铂、钯、铑、钌、铜、钼以及它们的组合所组成的组中。
7.如权利要求6的所述的方法,其中所述金属选自镍和钴。
8.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述载体为固体催化剂载体,并且选自由二氧化硅、氧化铝、二氧化硅/氧化铝、二氧化钛、氧化锆、沸石、黏土材料以及它们的组合所组成的组中。
9.一种含有还原负载型金属催化剂粉末以及液体的糊剂,所述糊剂是通过权利要求1~8的任一项所述的方法获得的。
10.一种含有还原负载型金属催化剂粉末以及液体的颗粒,所述颗粒是通过根据权利要求1~8的任一项所述的方法所获得的。
11.用于氢化反应的方法,其中,根据权利要求1~8的任一项所述的方法获得的所述的还原负载型金属催化剂粉末用在所述氢化反应中。
12.如权利要求11所述的方法,其中所述氢化反应包括不饱和脂肪、油、和/或烃树脂的氢化。
13.受保护的还原负载型金属催化剂粉末用作费希尔特罗普西反应的催化剂的用途,所述受保护的还原负载型金属催化剂粉末是通过权利要求1~8的任一项所述的方法获得。
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EP2781262B1 (en) * | 2013-03-22 | 2020-05-27 | Clariant International Ltd | Removable protective coating for the receipt of a dust free catalyst |
FR3022803B1 (fr) * | 2014-06-27 | 2016-11-04 | Eurecat Sa | Procede pour limiter l'emission de poussieres a partir de grains de catalyseurs |
CN105664968B (zh) * | 2015-12-29 | 2018-12-25 | 广东工业大学 | 一种用于c9石油树脂加氢反应的催化剂及其制备方法 |
US10717073B2 (en) | 2016-05-31 | 2020-07-21 | Basf Corporation | Process for preparing protected resin catalysts |
KR102300826B1 (ko) * | 2018-12-28 | 2021-09-09 | 한화솔루션 주식회사 | 수소화 반응용 촉매 및 이의 제조방법 |
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US9446391B2 (en) | 2016-09-20 |
MY166873A (en) | 2018-07-24 |
WO2013088411A1 (en) | 2013-06-20 |
BR112014014749B1 (pt) | 2020-07-14 |
RU2641906C2 (ru) | 2018-01-23 |
CA2859313C (en) | 2020-10-27 |
EP2790830A1 (en) | 2014-10-22 |
CN104136119A (zh) | 2014-11-05 |
MX348939B (es) | 2017-07-04 |
JP6141314B2 (ja) | 2017-06-07 |
BR112014014749A2 (pt) | 2017-06-13 |
BR112014014749A8 (pt) | 2017-07-04 |
KR102105373B1 (ko) | 2020-05-04 |
KR20140117412A (ko) | 2014-10-07 |
US20140336287A1 (en) | 2014-11-13 |
RU2014129179A (ru) | 2016-02-10 |
JP2015501722A (ja) | 2015-01-19 |
TWI611840B (zh) | 2018-01-21 |
CA2859313A1 (en) | 2013-06-20 |
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ZA201404627B (en) | 2015-12-23 |
MX2014007264A (es) | 2014-07-28 |
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