CN104126236A - 电池组件、电池模块、蓄电系统、电子设备、电力系统以及电动车辆 - Google Patents

电池组件、电池模块、蓄电系统、电子设备、电力系统以及电动车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104126236A
CN104126236A CN201380010221.0A CN201380010221A CN104126236A CN 104126236 A CN104126236 A CN 104126236A CN 201380010221 A CN201380010221 A CN 201380010221A CN 104126236 A CN104126236 A CN 104126236A
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China
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battery
battery module
unit
electric power
module according
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CN201380010221.0A
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CN104126236B (zh
Inventor
一色良太
稻川哲夫
位田宗纪
田边亮
殿村康博
远藤德彦
小野洋明
池野纯平
吉泽规次
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Murata Northeast China
Murata Manufacturing Co Ltd
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Sony Corp
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    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
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    • B60L3/0046—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
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Abstract

布置具有多个电池组件的电池模块使得电池单元的主面与通过由绝缘材料制成的电池支撑体所保持的传热板的表面彼此面对，通过堆叠电池组件来获得该电池模块。布置该电池组件使得用于保持传热板的由绝缘材料形成的电池支撑体、传热板的表面以及电池单元的主面彼此相对。

Description

电池组件、电池模块、蓄电系统、电子设备、电力系统以及电动车辆
技术领域
本公开涉及电池组件(battery unit)、电池模块、蓄电系统、电子设备、电力系统以及电动车辆。
背景技术
长期以来，将碳用于负极、将锂过渡金属复合氧化物用于正极以及将碳酸盐混合物用于电解质的锂离子蓄电池已经广为人知。在具有这种配置的锂离子蓄电池中，由于碳酸盐对水和其他有机溶剂的氧化和还原来说是稳定的并且可获得更高的电压，故可获得比作为水性电池(water-basedbattery)的镍氢电池更大的能量密度以及更高的容量。因此，作为用于电动工具、膝上型电脑、移动电话、摄像机、数码相机等的蓄电池的锂离子蓄电池被广泛地普及。
近年来，锂离子蓄电池已经开始普及到除了上述应用以外的应用中，甚至普及到用于电动车辆、蓄电等的工业用途中。工业蓄电池需要具有高容量、高电力输出以及长寿命电池质量。当施加高电流时，生成热量，为了承受该高电流所需要的一个电池性能是散热性能。然而，已知的是电池温度上的过度增大使电池性能加速退化并且缩短了电池寿命。因此，如何有效地释放由电池生成的热量变得很重要。现在，这个问题是各种研究的主题。
例如，以下专利文献1公开了用于车辆的锂离子电池的配置，其中，当堆叠四个锂离子电池时，已经经受了绝缘处理的金属散热片被布置在每个电池之间，并且通过夹持带将锂离子电池、散热片以及端板夹持在一起。
引用列表
专利文献
专利文献1：JP 2004-227788A
发明内容
技术问题
然而，在专利文献1中描述的配置中，锂离子电池和金属散热片是分离的构件。仅通过夹持带的夹持力固定堆叠状态，使得存在堆叠状态易于崩溃的问题。此外，还存在不能堆叠大量电池的问题。另外，如果长时间使用锂离子电池，则与其初始状态相比电池膨胀。在专利文献1中描述的配置是通过夹持力来抑制膨胀以抵抗这样的电池膨胀。然而，对于具有层压薄膜外观的锂离子电池，如果夹持力太强，则会对电池本身造成损害，使得如在专利文献1中一样，不能采用这种膨胀对策。
因此，本公开的目标是提供电池组件、电池模块、蓄电系统、电子设备、电力系统以及电动车辆，其均能够在改善散热效果的同时处理电池膨胀的问题。
问题的解决方案
为了实现上述目标，本发明的实施方式是电池模块，该电池模块包括多个堆叠的电池组件。以由绝缘材料形成的电池支撑体保持的传热板的表面与电池单元(battery cell)的主面彼此相对的方式来布置该电池组件。
本发明的实施方式是电池组件，其中，保持传热板的由绝缘材料构成的电池支撑体(battery support body)、传热板的表面以及电池单元的主面被布置为彼此相对。
本发明的实施方式是蓄电系统，其中，上述电池模块由从再生能源中生成电力的发电装置充电。
本发明的实施方式是蓄电系统，其包括上述电池模块，其中，该蓄电系统将电力提供给连接至电池模块的电子设备。
本发明的实施方式是电子设备，被配置为接收从上述电池模块提供的电力。
本发明的实施方式是电动车辆，该电动车辆包括：转换装置，被配置为接收从上述电池模块提供的电力并且将所接收的电力转换成车辆的驱动力；以及控制装置，被配置为根据有关电池模块的信息来执行与车辆控制相关的信息处理。
本发明的实施方式是电力系统，其具有电力信息发送接收部，被配置为经由网络将信号发送给其他设备或者从其他设备接收信号，
其中，所述电力系统被配置为基于由电力信息发送接收部接收的信息控制电池模块的充放电。
本发明的实施方式是电力系统，其被配置为接收从上述电池模块提供的电力，或者将电力从发电装置或电力网中提供给电池模块。
发明的有益效果
根据本公开，传热板被固定至电池支撑体，并且两个电池单元的每个主面紧密粘接至传热板的任一侧。将由电池生成的热量传输至传热板。通过使传热板从电池支撑体的一个侧面向外突出，传热板的外部冷却模块和突出部分可接触以释放热量。由于传热板和电池单元被固定至电池支撑体，故这些构件的附接状态是稳定的。同样，包括这种堆叠的电池组件的电池模块还可具有传热板与电池单元之间的稳定的附接状态。
附图说明
图1为示出了根据本公开的电池模块的实施方式的总体配置的六个视图的示图。
图2为根据本公开的电池模块的实施方式的剖视图。
图3为示出了根据本公开的电池模块的实施方式的总体配置的透视图。
图4为示出了根据本公开的电池组件的配置的示图。
图5为根据本公开的电池组件的透视图。
图6为根据本公开的电池组件的分解透视图。
图7为根据本公开的电池组件的分解图。
图8为根据本公开的电池组件的示意性剖视图。
图9为根据本公开的电池组件的局部剖视图。
图10A～图10D为示出了可在本公开中应用的电池单元的实例的外部构件的透视图和局部剖视图。
图11A～图11B为示出了根据本公开的电池组件的堆叠配置的透视图。
图12A～图12B为示出了根据本公开的电池组件的堆叠配置的透视图。
图13A～图13B为示出了根据本公开的电池组件堆叠配置中的电池单元的膨胀/收缩的示意性剖视图。
图14为示出了单独单元母线(individual cell bus bar)的正视图、侧视图、平面图、局部剖视图以及透视图。
图15为示出了单独单元母线的正视图、侧视图、平面图、局部剖视图以及透视图。
图16为示出了单独单元母线的正视图。
图17A～图17D为示出了单独单元母线的连接部的正视图和连接图。
图18A～图18D为示出了单独单元母线的连接部的正视图和连接图。
图19A～图19C为示出了单独单元母线的连接部的正视图和连接图。
图20为示出了电池单元组中的母线的附接的正视图。
图21为示出了电池模块的应用例的示意图。
图22为示出了电池模块的另一个应用例的示意图。
具体实施方式
[电池模块的示意性配置]
现在将参照图1、图2和图3来描述根据本公开的电池模块的实施方式。图1为示出了电池模块100的六个视图(正视图、右侧视图、左侧视图、底面图、平面图以及后视图)的示图。图2为电池模块100的剖视图。图3为电池模块100的透视图。
电池模块100包括被布置在端板101与102之间的电池单元组103，端板被用作第一调节板和第二调节板。中间板104被插入在电池单元组103的中间位置中。附接片105a和105b形成在中间板104的下部上。在端板101与102之间的中间板104是由诸如铝或铁的金属制成的板。
电池单元组103是由N个电池组件堆叠而成，这些电池组件由均被收纳在电池支撑体(在后文中称为“支架”)内的多个电池单元配置而成。在实施方式中，例如，在每个支架中收纳两个电池单元。例如，电池单元可以是锂离子蓄电池。支架是由合成树脂构成的模制品(molded article)。如在图2和图3中所示，电池单元组103由10个电池组件20-1到20-10(即，20个电池单元)堆叠而成。在其中不需要区分单独的电池单元的情况下，电池单元将被简称为电池组件20。
轴106穿过在端板101和102、中间板104以及电池单元组103的四个角中形成的孔，并且通过螺母107从两侧进行固定。从这10个支架的每一个中引导的折叠成L字形的传热板108暴露至电池单元组103的底面侧。该传热板108与冷却模块(未示出)相接触。将由电池单元生成的热量传输至冷却模块并且释放该热量。此外，分别在端板101和102附近设置用于从电池模块提取电力的端子109和110。
用于连接在电池组件中的两个电池单元的板状导电构件(在后文中称为“单元母线(cell bus bar)”)被附接至电池单元组103的每个电池组件的两个侧面。单元母线是通过在铁上电镀镍而形成(例如，以板形)的导电体。使用两类单元母线。一类是在每个电池组件中共同连接两个电池单元的共用单元母线111，并且另一类是用于从单独连接至两个电池的正极片和负极片这两者的端子提取的单独单元母线112。应注意的是，如下所述，虽然存在两类单独单元母线112(单独单元母线112a和112b)，但是在不需要区分这两种类型的情况下，这两种类型将被简称为单独单元母线112。
另外，例如，由铝或铁形成的第二板状导电构件(在后文中称之为“组件母线(unit bus bar)”)114被用于在电池组件之间进行连接。组件母线114跨接多个电池组件以实现期望的电池连接。共用单元母线111、单独单元母线112以及组件母线114通过例如螺丝固定至支架的侧面。
[电池组件]
现在将描述电池组件20，该电池组件是形成电池单元组103的基本单元。电池单元例如可以是锂离子蓄电池。多个电池单元(例如，两个)被收纳在支架中以构成电池组件。支架是由合成树脂形成的模制品。图4为电池组件20的正视图、右侧视图、左侧视图、底面图以及平面图。图5为电池组件20的透视图。图6为电池组件20的分解透视图。图7为电池组件20的分解图。图8为电池组件20的示意性剖视图。图9为电池组件20的局部剖视图。
由绝缘材料(合成树脂)形成的支架1具有用于收纳电池单元的框架形状。通过嵌入成型将由诸如铝的金属制成的传热板2(在示出电池模块的总体配置的图1至图3中，传热板由参考数字108表示)与支架1一体地形成。嵌入成型是一种成型方法，用于通过将用作嵌入目标的嵌入品(在此处是传热板2)装入模具内来一体地形成树脂和嵌入品，然后将树脂注入成型机内，使用熔融树脂包围嵌入品并且凝固。
传热板2被安置在支架1的中心的开口处以形成电池单元的粘贴面。而且，如在图7和图8中所示，传热板2的端部被折叠成大致呈L字形，以从支架1中朝外突出并且沿着支架1的侧面，从而形成折叠部2a。折叠部2a的宽度略小于电池组件的宽度的1.5倍。因此，折叠部2a的尖端突出电池组件的宽度。传热板2的折叠部2a与冷却模块的冷却面相接触。冷却模块是水冷式或气冷式冷却装置。
在本公开的实施方式中，传热板2的一端被折叠成呈L字形。然而，可将传热板2的另一端也折叠成L字形，使得其类似地从支架1中朝外突出。另外，尖端可形成为朝向两侧延伸的横截面呈T字形或H字形。
如在图6和图7中所示，电池单元4-1和4-2的主面分别经由导热压敏粘合片3-1和3-2紧密地粘合至与支架1成为一体的传热板2的表面。在其中不需要用单独地区分电池单元的情况下，电池单元将被称为电池单元4。电池单元4呈板状或立方体状。在电池单元的表面之中具有最大的表面面积的表面称为主面。
从电池单元4-1和4-2的两个侧面中引出正极片和负极片。电极片是正极片还是负极片取决于电池单元4-1和4-2与支架1的附接方向。例如，如在图6中所示，电池单元4-1的正极片5-1以及电池单元4-2的负极片6-2从位于支架的一个侧面侧突出，并且电池单元4-1的负极片6-1以及电池单元4-2的正极片5-2从位于支架的另一侧面侧突出。
通过螺丝31将共用单元母线111固定至支架1的一个侧面，并且通过螺丝31将单独单元母线112固定至支架1的另一个侧面。通过激光焊接等将电池单元4-1的正极片5-1和电池单元4-2的负极片6-2连接至共用单元母线111的片接合板。通过激光焊接等将电池单元4-1的负极片6-1和电池单元4-2的正极片5-2连接至单独单元母线112的片接合板。可拆卸地设置由绝缘材料形成的母线盖113，以覆盖共用单元母线111和单独单元母线112。
在支架1的四个角的每一个中形成连接部。在每个连接部中，在支架1的厚度方向上形成使轴106(参照图1)穿过的孔7。为了形成孔7，如在图9中所示，通过嵌入成型将金属套管(也称为“轴环(collar)”)8与支架1一体地形成。在膨胀和收缩期间设置金属套管8来减少了环境温度上的变化的影响。
如果未设置金属套管8，则这意味着在其中通过轴106固定四个角的配置中，支架1的树脂部分彼此接触并且通过轴106来固定。如果环境温度改变，则轴106和支架1膨胀(温度增加)或收缩(温度减小)。虽然在单个电池组件中轴106(金属)的膨胀/收缩量与支架1的膨胀/收缩量的差异较小，由于电池模块(电池单元组103)由彼此堆叠的多个电池组件形成，故该差异增大。因此，如果在支架1上施加大的力，则支架1会破裂。
相反，通过设置金属套管8，电池组件在金属套管8的端面上彼此接触。因此，在电池模块中，可减小轴106(金属)的膨胀/收缩量与支架1的膨胀/收缩量的差异。另外，由于金属套管8比支架1具有更高的抗压缩极限，故可防止损坏支架1。
[电池单元的构造]
图10A是可使用在本公开中的电池单元4的外观的示意图。电池单元4是非水电解质电池，例如，锂离子蓄电池。图10B是示出了电池单元4的构造的示意图。应注意的是，图10B示出了针对图10A中所示的电池单元4的底面和顶面反转的情况的构造。图10C是电池单元4的外部底面侧。电池单元4包括电池元件11和收纳电池元件11的外部包层12。电池单元4具有第一主面和第二主面。
外部包层12由收纳电池元件11的第一外部包层部12A以及被用作用于覆盖电池元件11的盖体的第二外部包层部12B构造而成。优选地，外部包层12与电池元件11紧密粘合。
电池元件11具有层压型电极结构，其中，使用介于其间的隔板交替地层压大致呈矩形的正极以及被设置为与正极相反的大致呈矩形的负极。此外，从电池元件11中抽出电连接至多个正极中的每一个的正极集电器露出的部分以及电连接至多个负极中的每一个的负极集电器露出的部分。正极片5和负极片6分别连接至正极集电器露出的部分和负极集电器露出的部分。
这种电池元件11由外部包层12包裹。将正极片5和负极片6从外部包层12的密封部分引出至电池单元4的外部。外部包层12在至少一个表面上或者在这两个表面上具有凹部13。通过预先深拉来形成该凹部13。电池元件11被收纳在该凹部13中。在图10B中，凹部13形成在形成外部包层12的外部的第一外部包层部12A中，并且电池元件11被收纳在该凹部13内。
此外，布置第二外部包层部12B以覆盖凹部13的开口，并且通过焊接等连接至凹部13的开口的外围，从而密封电池单元4。从两个相反的方向引出正极片5和负极片6。
例如，外部包层12是柔性薄膜。如在图10D中所示，外部包层12具有通过使用介于其间的粘合层按照顺序层压热封树脂层14、金属层15、表面保护层16所获得的结构。应注意的是，热封树脂层14的表面用作位于其中收纳电池元件11的侧的面。优选地，热封树脂层14和电池元件11的表面紧密粘合。用于热封树脂层14的材料的实例包括聚丙烯(PP)和聚乙烯(PE)。用于金属层的材料的实例包括铝合金。表面保护层16的实例包括尼龙(Ny)和聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)。
具体而言，例如，外部包层12由通过按顺序粘合聚乙烯薄膜、铝箔以及尼龙薄膜所获得的矩形铝复合薄膜构造而成。配置外部包层12，使得例如聚乙烯薄膜侧与电池元件11被布置为彼此相对，其外部的端部通过焊接或粘合剂彼此紧密粘合。应注意的是，外部包层12可由具有某种其他结构的复合薄膜、聚丙烯等的聚合物薄膜或代替上述铝复合薄膜的金属薄膜配置而成。
应注意的是，可应用在本公开中的电池单元的构造不限于上述构造。例如，还可使用一种配置，其中，以长的带状方式形成隔板，通过曲折的方式在隔板本身上折回，并且正极和负极被夹持在折叠的隔板之间。另外，可使用其中附接了正极引线和负极引线的缠绕的集电器收纳在薄膜状外部包层内部的构造。
[电池组件堆叠构造]
对于需要高功率、高容量电池的车辆，如上所述，通过堆叠多个电池组件并且使电池串联和/或并联来配置电池单元组103。在本公开的实施方式中，传热板2将由各个电池组件生成的热量引导至外部冷却模块中。因此，为了确保散热效果，需要紧密地粘合电池单元4和传热板2。
另一方面，由于电池膨胀与初始厚度成比例地增大，故鉴于电池膨胀量，电池单元4需要在在不损坏电池单元的前提下按压传热板。从这个角度来看，在本公开的实施方式中，用于吸收电池单元厚度膨胀的弹性体被插在电池组件之间。
例如，如在图11A和图12A中所示，布置两个电池组件20-1和20-2，使得分别包括在其中的电池单元4-1和4-2彼此相对。将缓冲材料21作为弹性体放置在电池单元4-1和4-2彼此相对的空间内。缓冲材料21是薄板状材料，其具有与电池单元4-1和4-2的主面大致相同的形状。缓冲材料21由通过压力变形的弹性材料形成，并且在释放压力时，返回其原始形状。例如，可使用聚氨酯材料。另外，通过在缓冲材料21的一个或两个表面上可选地设置压敏粘合材料来防止缓冲垫脱落。
而且，如在图11B和图12B中所示，利用介于其间的缓冲材料21来堆叠两个电池组件20-1和20-2，并且利用轴106和螺母107在堆叠方向上施加预定的压力。如上所述，电池单元4将复合薄膜用作外部包层，由于循环退化以及随着时间退化，故该外部包层膨胀。可通过使用缓冲材料21并且适当地设置施加于电池组件之间的电压来处理电池单元的膨胀，同时保持由传热板2所获得的散热效果。
现在将参照图13的示意图来描述在电池组件之间施加的压力的设定。图13A示出了初始阶段，并且图13B示出了电池单元4-1和4-2膨胀时的情况。通过在其间的间隔T堆叠电池组件20-1和20-2。在初始阶段的每个电池单元的厚度被表示为Tc。在其两端电池组件20-1和20-2彼此相对的间隙G由G＝T-2Tc来表示。
如在图13B中所示，当电池单元4-1和4-2膨胀使得每个电池的厚度是Tc’(>Tc)时，在其两端电池组件20-1和20-2彼此相对的间隙G’为G’＝T-2Tc’(G’<G)。缓冲材料21被布置在相对的间隙G和G’中。因此，设定压力使得在初始阶段期间，缓冲材料21在相对的间隙G上对着传热板2按压电池单元4-1和4-2，并且在膨胀期间，在相对的间隙G’上按压电池单元4-1和4-2的缓冲材料21的压力不会过量。
即，当电池的初始阶段对着传热板2按压电池单元所需要的最小压力被表示为PL，
不损坏电池单元的压力表示为PU，并且
以预定的压缩率压缩缓冲材料21的反作用力被表示为PC时，
满足以下关系：
PL<PC<PU。
[母线]
如上所述，用于在支架中电连接电池的单元母线被附接至支架1的侧面。例如，共同连接在电池组件中的两个电池单元的正极片和负极片的共用单元母线111被附接至支架1的一个侧面，并且单独单元母线112被附接至另一个侧面。
在支架1的侧面上形成用于附接的孔。使用螺丝31将上述母线用螺丝拧紧至这些孔中。此外，在位于附接孔之上和之下的支架1的侧面上形成定位突出部分。更进一步地，在支架1的侧面上形成轴承，该轴承接收六边形螺栓32的前端，用于使六边形螺栓32停止旋转。
六边形螺栓32和母线电连接。六边形螺栓32是用于附接组件母线的构件，该组件母线用于使电池组件彼此电连接。即，通过使六边形螺栓32穿过在组件母线中形成的孔，从尖端中插入螺母并且拧紧螺母，从而附接组件母线。
现在将更详细地描述单独单元母线112。为了增大连接电池组件的自由度，两类单独隔板112a和112b准备好被用作单独单元母线112。图14是单独隔板112a的正视图、右侧视图、左侧视图、平面图、剖视图以及透视图。图15是另一个单独隔板112b的正视图、右侧视图、左侧视图、平面图、剖视图以及透视图。图16是仅示出了每个单独隔板112a和112b的电极部分的示图。
使用绝缘构件将单独隔板112a嵌入成型。在树脂部分中，形成将附接螺丝31插入其中的孔41。此外，在孔41的任一侧上，形成两个孔，定位插入这两个孔中的突出部分。在树脂部分的任一侧上，并行设置由金属(例如，铜或不锈钢)形成的片接合板42a和42b。这些片接合板42a和42b是焊接电池组件的电池单元的电极片的部分。在这种情况下，在电池组件中的两个电池单元之中，附近的电池单元的电极片接合至片接合板42a和42b。
片接合板42a作为连接片43a引导，并且片接合板42b作为连接片43b引导。连接片43a和43b均形成有孔，用于允许六边形螺栓32穿过。在连接片43a上，提取具有基于连接至片接合板42a的电池的电极片的极性的输出，并且在连接片43b上，提取具有基于连接至片接合板42b的电池的电极片的极性的输出。
关于在图15中所示的单独单元母线112b，与上述单独单元母线112a对应的构件由相同的参考数字表示。虽然单独单元母线112b具有与单独单元母线112a相似的配置，但是提取电池电力的连接片不同。即，在连接片43a上，提取具有基于连接至片接合板42b的电池的电极片的极性的输出，并且在连接片43b上，提取具有基于连接至片接合板42a的电池的电极片的极性的输出。
[电池组件连接方法]
现在将描述使用单元母线和组件母线用于连接电池组件的方法。首先，如果仅存在一类单元母线(即，共用单元母线111)，则连接方法可以与在图17中所示的连接方法一样。当堆叠时，两个电池被包括在彼此相邻的电池组件20-1和20-2中的每一个中。总计的四个电池被表示为BT1～BT4。
如果电池单元被布置在每个电池组件中使得相同的极性被连接至相同的共用单元母线111，如在图17A中所示，在各个电池组件的一个侧面上的共用单元母线111的极性是(+)，并且在另一个侧面上的共用单元母线111的极性是(-)。在通过组件母线114连接共用单元母线111时，如图17B中所示，所有的电池BT1～BT4并联连接。
如在图17C中所示，与图17A不同，如果电池组件20-1的方向反转，则如在图17D中所示，电池BT1和BT2并联连接，并且电池BT3和BT4串联连接。设置参考数字a1、a2、b1以及b2以示出在共用单元母线111与连接配置之间的对应关系。因此，当仅使用共用单元母线111时，限制电池组件(电池单元)之间的连接方法的类型。
在本公开的上述实施方式中，准备单独单元母线112a和112b。例如，如在图18A中所示，如果单独单元母线112b附接至电池组件(支架)的一个侧面并且共用单元母线111附接至另一个侧面，则在这种电池组件中的电池BT1和BT2以在图18B中所示的关系进行连接。
作为实例，如在图18C中所示，堆叠四个电池组件20-1到20-4，电池组件20-1和20-2具有单独单元母线112b，并且电池组件20-3和20-4具有单独单元母线112a。在与所有电池组件相反侧的侧面上设置共用单元母线111。
此外，这两个单独单元母线112b的上侧(+侧)由组件母线114a连接。这四个单独单元母线112b的下侧由组件母线114b连接，并且这两个单独单元母线112b的上侧(-侧)由组件母线114c连接。在每个电池组件中的电池的布置关系相同。在这种情况下，可获得在图18D中所示的连接关系。
图19示出了电池组件连接方法的另一个实例。如在图19A中所示，单独单元母线112a和112b被附接至电池组件20-1到20-4的一个的侧面。如在图19B中所示，共用单元母线111被附接至电池组件20-1到20-4的另一个侧面。此外，附接组件母线114使得连接相邻电池组件的单独单元母线。
在这种配置中，如在图19C中所示，这四个电池组件20-1到20-4的所有电池BT1到BT8串联连接。如在图20中所示，在电池模块的特定构造中，单独单元母线112a和112b与组件母线114附接。基于该配置，10个电池组件20-1到20-10的20个电池单元可串联连接。
[作为应用例的家用蓄电系统]
参照图21，描述在家用蓄电系统中应用本公开的实例。例如，在用于住宅201的蓄电系统200中，可通过电力网209、信息网212、智能电表207、电力枢纽208等，将电力从包括火力发电202a、核能发电202b、水力发电202c等的集中型电力系统202中提供给蓄电装置203。而且，将电力从独立电源(例如，家用发电装置204)中提供给蓄电装置203。存储提供给蓄电装置203的电力，并且使用蓄电装置203提供在住宅201中使用的电力。不仅在住宅201中，而且在建筑物中可使用相同的蓄电系统。
住宅201被设置有发电装置204、耗电装置205、蓄电装置203、控制每个装置的控制装置210、智能电表207以及获取各种信息的传感器211。这些装置通过电力网209和信息网212彼此连接。太阳能电池、燃料电池等被用作发电装置204，并且将所生成的电力提供给耗电装置205和/或蓄电装置203。耗电装置205的实例包括冷藏库205a、空调205b、电视接收器205c、浴具205d等。耗电装置205的实例进一步包括电动车辆206，例如，电动汽车206a、混合动力汽车206b或者摩托车206c。
上述本公开的电池模块被应用于蓄电装置203。蓄电装置203由蓄电池或电容器配置而成。例如，可通过锂离子电池配置蓄电装置203。锂离子电池可为固定式或者可为由电动车辆206使用的类型。智能电表207的功能包括测量所使用的商用电力量并且将所测量的使用量发送给电力公司。电力网209可为直流电源、交流电源以及非接触式电源中的任何一个或多个。
各种传感器211的实例包括运动传感器、照度传感器、物体检测传感器、功耗传感器、振动传感器、接触式传感器、温度传感器、红外传感器等。将由各种传感器211获取的信息传输至控制装置210。通过传感器211的信息来获得天气条件、人类条件等，并且自动控制耗电装置205，以便使能耗最小。此外，例如，控制装置210可通过因特网将有关住宅201的信息发送给外部电力公司。
电力枢纽208执行使电力线进行分支并且和直流交流转换等处理。作为连接至控制装置210的信息网212的通信方案，存在使用诸如UART(通用异步收发器)的通信接口的方法和根据诸如蓝牙(注册商标)、ZigBee或Wi-Fi的无线通信协议来使用传感器网络的方法。蓝牙(注册商标)方法被应用于多媒体通信，并且可执行一对多连接的通信。ZigBee使用IEEE(美国电气电子工程师协会)802.15.4的物理层。IEEE 802.15.4是被称为PAN(个人局域网)或W(无线)PAN的短程无线网络的标准的名称。
控制装置210连接至外部服务器213。服务器213可由住宅201、电力公司以及服务提供商中的任一个进行管理。从服务器213传输和接收的信息的实例包括耗电信息、生活模式信息、电费、天气信息、自然灾害信息以及关于电力交易的信息。这种信息可由位于住宅内的耗电装置(例如，电视接收器205c)发送和接收，或者可由位于住宅外面的装置(例如，移动电话)发送和接收。而且，可在具有显示功能的装置(例如，电视接收器205c、移动电话或PDA(个人数字助理))上显示这种信息。
控制每个部分的控制装置210由CPU(中央处理单元)、RAM(随机存取存储器)、ROM(只读存储器)等构成，并且在该实例中被封闭在蓄电装置203内。例如，控制装置210经由信息网212连接至蓄电装置203、家用的发电装置204、耗电装置205、各种传感器211以及服务器213，并且具有调整商用电力的使用量和发电量的功能。应注意的是，控制装置210可进一步具有在电力市场进行电力交易的功能。
如上所述，电力不仅来自集中型电力系统202(例如，火力发电202a、核能发电202b以及水力发电202c)，而且来自家用的发电装置204(太阳能发电或风力发电)生成的电力可存储在蓄电装置203内。因此，甚至在由家用发电装置104生成的电力变化时，提供给外部的电量可恒定，或者可仅仅控制必要的放电。例如，由太阳能发电生成的电力可存储在蓄电装置203内，并且在夜间，在蓄电装置203内还可存储在半夜便宜的电力，以便在电费昂贵的白天，可释放和使用存储在蓄电装置203内的电力。
应注意的是，虽然该实例显示了收纳在蓄电装置203的内部的控制装置210，但是控制装置210可收纳在智能电表207的内部或者独立地配置。而且，蓄电系统200可用于在多户住宅内的多个住宅或多个独立的住宅。
[作为应用例的在车辆中的蓄电系统]
下面将参照图22描述本公开被应用于车辆的蓄电系统中的实例。图22示意性示出了使用应用了本公开的实施方式的串联式混合系统的混合动力车辆的结构的实例。串联式混合系统是汽车，使用由电动机驱动的发电机生成的电力或通过在电池中存储电力所获得的电力，该汽车通过驱动力转换装置行驶。
混合动力车辆300包括电动机301、发电机302、驱动力转换装置303、驱动轮304a和304b、车轮305a和305b、电池308、车辆控制装置309、各种传感器310以及充电口311。对于电池308，使用根据本公开的电池组件。
通过将驱动力转换装置303用作电源使混合动力车辆300行驶。驱动力转换装置303的实例是电动机。在电池308中的电力驱动该驱动力转换装置303，并且将驱动力转换装置303的旋转力传输至驱动轮304a和304b。应注意的是，在必要的部分内使用直流-交流(DC-AC)转换或逆变的交流-直流(AC-DC)转换，交流电机或直流电机可被用于驱动力转换装置303。各种传感器310经由车辆控制装置309控制电动机旋转的次数，并且控制未显示的节流阀的开度(节流开度)。各种传感器310包括速度传感器、加速度传感器、电动机旋转次数的传感器等。
将电动机301的旋转力发送给发电机302，并且可将由发电机302通过旋转力生成的电力存储在电池308中。
在混合动力车辆300利用未示出的制动结构减速时，将在减速时的抵抗力作为旋转力加入驱动力转换装置303中，并且由驱动力转换装置303通过该旋转力生成的再生电力存储在电池308内。
电池308可连接至混合动力车辆300的外部电源，因此，通过将充电入口311用作输入入口，可从外部电源中提供电力，并且可存储接收到的电力。
虽然未显示，但是可提供信息处理装置，该装置根据关于蓄电池的信息执行关于车辆控制的信息处理。这种信息处理装置的实例包括根据关于剩余电池容量的信息显示剩余电池容量的信息处理装置。
如上所述，作为实例描述了串联式混合动力车辆，其利用电机使用通过发动机驱动的发电机产生的电力或者通过将电力即刻存储在电池中获得的电力来运行。然而，本公开可有效地应用于并联式混合动力车辆，其将发动机和电机的输出都用作驱动源，并且适当地在三种方法之间进行切换，即，仅利用发动机运行的方法，仅利用电机行驶的方法以及利用发动机和电机两者行驶的方法。另外，本公开可以有效地应用于所谓的电动车辆，所述电动车辆仅通过驱动电机而不使用发动机来行驶。
此外，本技术还可以被配置如下。
(1)一种电池模块，包括：
多个堆叠的电池组件，
其中，以通过由绝缘材料形成的电池支撑体所保持的传热板的表面与电池单元的主面彼此相对的方式布置所述电池组件。
(2)根据(1)所述的电池模块，，其中，多个所述电池组件以弹性材料介于其间的方式堆叠。
(3)根据(2)所述的电池模块，其中，所述弹性材料是具有与所述电池单元的主面几乎相同的形状的薄板状的弹性材料。
(4)根据(2)或(3)所述的电池模块，所述电池模块被配置为满足以下关系，其中，在所述传热板上按压所述电池单元所需要的压力被表示为PL，不损坏所述电池单元的压力被表示为PU，并且以预定的压缩率压缩的所述弹性材料的反作用力被表示为PC，
PL<PC<PU。
(5)根据(1)到(4)中任一项所述的电池模块，其中，所述电池单元的主面被配置在所述传热板的两个表面上。
(6)根据(1)到(5)中任一项所述的电池模块，其中，所述传热板嵌入成型至所述电池支撑体中。
(7)根据(1)到(6)中任一项所述的电池模块，其中，所述传热板的端部从所述电池支撑体的至少一个侧面向外突出。
(8)根据(1)到(7)中任一项所述的电池模块，其中，所述传热板的端部被折叠成横截面呈L字形或横截面呈T字形。
(9)根据(1)到(7)中任一项所述的电池模块，其中，所述电池模块具有调节构件，所述调节构件被配置为在堆叠方向上按压多个堆叠的所述电池组件。
(10)根据(9)所述的电池模块，其中，所述调节构件包括：
轴，所述轴穿过位于所述电池单元组的两侧上的第一调节板和第二调节板、以及由所述第一调节板和所述第二调节板以及多个所述电池组件形成的四个角；以及
紧固构件，被配置为从所述轴的两端将所述第一调节板和所述第二调节板与所述电池单元组紧固。
(11)根据(10)所述的电池模块，其中，金属套管被布置在所述电池支撑体上被所述轴穿过的位置处。
(12)根据(1)到(11)中任一项所述的电池模块，其中，与收纳在所述电池支撑体中的所述电池单元的电极接合的导电构件附接至所述电池支撑体的侧面。
(13)根据(12)所述的电池模块，其中，所述导电构件包括：
共同导体，被配置为将所述电池支撑体中的一个所述电池单元的正极与另一个所述电池单元的负极共同连接；以及
单独导体，在所述单独导体中，连接至一个所述电池单元的正极的正极端子与连接至另一个所述电池单元的负极的负极端子相分离。
(14)一种电池组件，其中，用于保持传热板的由绝缘材料形成的电池支撑体、所述传热板的表面以及电池单元的主面被配置为彼此相对。
(15)一种蓄电系统，其中，通过由从再生能源生成电力的发电装置对根据(1)所述的电池模块进行充电。
(16)一种蓄电系统，包括：
根据(1)所述的电池模块，
其中，所述蓄电系统将电力提供给连接至所述电池模块的电子设备。
(17)一种电子设备，被配置为接收从根据(1)所述的电池模块提供的电力。
(18)一种电动车辆，包括：
转换装置，被配置为接收从根据(1)所述的电池模块提供的电力并且将所接收的电力转换成车辆的驱动力；以及
控制装置，被配置为基于关于所述电池模块的信息来执行与车辆控制有关的信息处理。
(19)一种电力系统，包括：
电力信息发送接收部，被配置为经由网络将信号发送给其他设备或者从其他设备接收信号，
其中，所述电力系统被配置为根据由所述电力信息发送接收部接收的信息来控制根据(1)所述的电池模块的充放电。
(20)一种电力系统，被配置为接收从根据(1)所述的电池模块提供的电力，或者将电力从发电装置或电力网提供给所述电池模块。
[变形例]
本文对本公开的实施方式进行了详细说明，但是，本公开并不限于上述每个实施方式，可基于本公开的技术构思进行各种变形。在上述实施方式给出的配置、方法、处理、形状、材料、数值等仅是示例。根据需要可以使用其他不同的配置、方法、处理、形状、材料、数值等。
参考符号列表
1   支架
2   传热板
4、4-1、4-2   电池单元
5、5-1、5-2   正极片
6、6-1、6-2   负极片
8   金属套管
11   电池元件
20、20-1到20-10   电池组件
21   缓冲材料
42a、42b   片接合板
43a、43b   连接片
100   电池模块
101、102   端板
103   电池单元组
106   轴
111   共用单元母线
112、112a、112b   单独单元母线
114   组件母线

Claims (20)

1.一种电池模块，包括：
多个堆叠的电池组件，
其中，以通过由绝缘材料形成的电池支撑体所保持的传热板的表面与电池单元的主面彼此相对的方式布置所述电池组件。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电池模块，其中，以弹性材料介于其间的方式堆叠多个所述电池组件。
3.根据权利要求2所述的电池模块，其中，所述弹性材料是具有与所述电池单元的主面几乎相同形状的薄板状的弹性材料。
4.根据权利要求2所述的电池模块，所述电池模块被配置为满足以下关系，其中，在所述传热板上按压所述电池单元所需要的压力被表示为PL，不损坏所述电池单元的压力被表示为PU，并且以预定的压缩率压缩的所述弹性材料的反作用力被表示为PC，
PL<PC<PU。
5.根据权利要求1所述的电池模块，其中，所述电池单元的主面被布置在所述传热板的两个表面上。
6.根据权利要求1所述的电池模块，其中，所述传热板嵌入成型至所述电池支撑体中。
7.根据权利要求1所述的电池模块，其中，所述传热板的端部从所述电池支撑体的至少一个侧面向外突出。
8.根据权利要求1所述的电池模块，其中，所述传热板的端部被折叠成横截面呈L字形或横截面呈T字形。
9.根据权利要求1所述的电池模块，其中，所述电池模块具有调节构件，所述调节构件被配置为在堆叠方向上按压多个堆叠的所述电池组件。
10.根据权利要求9所述的电池模块，其中，所述调节构件包括：
轴，所述轴穿过位于电池单元组的两侧上的第一调节板和第二调节板、以及由所述第一调节板和所述第二调节板以及多个所述电池组件形成的四个角；以及
紧固构件，被配置为从所述轴的两端将所述第一调节板和所述第二调节板与所述电池单元组紧固。
11.根据权利要求10所述的电池模块，其中，金属套管被布置在所述电池支撑体上被所述轴穿过的位置处。
12.根据权利要求1所述的电池模块，其中，与收纳在所述电池支撑体中的所述电池单元的电极接合的导电构件被附接至所述电池支撑体的侧面。
13.根据权利要求12所述的电池模块，其中，所述导电构件包括：
共同导体，被配置为将所述电池支撑体中的一个所述电池单元的正极与另一个所述电池单元的负极共同连接；以及
单独导体，在所述单独导体中，连接至一个所述电池单元的正极的正极端子与连接至另一个所述电池单元的负极的负极端子相分离。
14.一种电池组件，其中，用于保持传热板的由绝缘材料形成的电池支撑体、所述传热板的表面以及电池单元的主面被配置为彼此相对。
15.一种蓄电系统，其中，通过由从再生能源生成电力的发电装置对根据权利要求1所述的电池模块进行充电。
16.一种蓄电系统，包括：
根据权利要求1所述的电池模块，
其中，所述蓄电系统将电力提供给连接至所述电池模块的电子设备。
17.一种电子设备，被配置为接收从根据权利要求1所述的电池模块提供的电力。
18.一种电动车辆，包括：
转换装置，被配置为接收从根据权利要求1所述的电池模块提供的电力并且将所接收的电力转换成车辆的驱动力；以及
控制装置，被配置为基于关于所述电池模块的信息来执行与车辆控制有关的信息处理。
19.一种电力系统，包括：
电力信息发送接收部，被配置为经由网络将信号发送给其他设备或者从其他设备接收信号，
其中，所述电力系统被配置为基于通过所述电力信息发送接收部接收到的信息来控制根据权利要求1所述的电池模块的充放电。
20.一种电力系统，被配置为接收从根据权利要求1所述的电池模块提供的电力，或者将电力从发电装置或电力网提供给所述电池模块。
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US11223063B2 (en) 2018-08-31 2022-01-11 Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited Battery module
CN115023849A (zh) * 2020-02-03 2022-09-06 三洋电机株式会社 电源装置和使用该电源装置的电动车辆以及蓄电装置

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US10355329B2 (en) 2019-07-16
EP2833434A1 (en) 2015-02-04
CN104126236B (zh) 2018-03-09
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EP2833434B1 (en) 2019-05-29
RU2014134843A (ru) 2016-03-20

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