CN104125864B - 用于通过射线硬化来制造均匀哑光的涂层的方法 - Google Patents
用于通过射线硬化来制造均匀哑光的涂层的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104125864B CN104125864B CN201280062831.0A CN201280062831A CN104125864B CN 104125864 B CN104125864 B CN 104125864B CN 201280062831 A CN201280062831 A CN 201280062831A CN 104125864 B CN104125864 B CN 104125864B
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- acrylate
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D3/06—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to radiation
- B05D3/061—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to radiation using U.V.
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D3/06—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to radiation
- B05D3/061—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to radiation using U.V.
- B05D3/065—After-treatment
- B05D3/067—Curing or cross-linking the coating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D3/06—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to radiation
- B05D3/061—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to radiation using U.V.
- B05D3/062—Pretreatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D133/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D133/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
- C09D133/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, the oxygen atom being present only as part of the carboxyl radical
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于制造哑光且防刮擦的涂层的方法,该方法在将光化照射作用于含有活性双键的涂层系统的情况下在自由基聚合下进行。
Description
本发明涉及一种用于制造哑光且防刮擦的涂层的方法,该方法在将光化照射作用于含有活性双键的涂层系统的情况下在自由基聚合下进行。
含有活性双键的涂层系统通过光化照射(例如像UV光或还有电子照射)的硬化是已知的并且在技术上是成熟的。光化照射应理解为是电磁的、用于电离的照射,尤其是电子射线、UV射线以及可见光(罗歇医药百科全书,第4版;厄班和费什出版社,慕尼黑1999(Roche Lexikon Medizin,4.Auflage;Urban&Fischer Verlag,Munchen1999))。这是在涂层技术中最快速的硬化方法之一。基于此原理的涂覆剂因此被称为用射线或光化硬化的或者可射线或光化硬化的系统。
可射线硬化的涂层系统的一个实施方式是如下配制品,其中所有的成分通过自由基聚合而交联,所述的系统具有100重量%的固体含量。由于不存在挥发性成分,在硬化过程中,这种具有100重量%固体含量的系统的所施加的层厚度仅小幅度地降低。这种很小的收缩使得通过向漆料配制品中简单地添加常规的哑光剂来产生哑光的表面更困难。用于通过上述涂层系统来产生哑光表面的一个替代方案是例如借助于对应的结构化辊或通过施加具有特定结构的箔片对未硬化的表面进行机械式结构化,例如像在EP-A1 914 215或者EP-A0 578 957中公开的。在漆料完全硬化之后将这些具有特定结构的箔片再度除去。然而此类方法在可重现性方面是难以应用并且在处理上非常耗费很高。
为了产生深度哑光(tiefmatter)的涂层表面,还已知的是,用在<230nm的波长范围内的高能照射来预处理可射线硬化的涂层系统,例如像在舒伯特等人颜色+漆料117/5(2011)第21页ff(Schubert et al.Farbe+Lack117/5(2011)S.21ff),鲍尔等人有机涂层进展69(2010)第287-293页(Bauer et al.Progress in Org.Coatings69(2010)S.287-293),以及鲍尔等人有机涂层进展64(2009)第474-481页(Bauer et al.Progress inOrg.Coatings64(2009)S474-481)公开的。通过用在≤230nm范围内的短波UV光预处理所实现的效果是该涂层的光化学式产生微折叠(Mikrofaltung)。这种微折叠负责提供深度哑光的表面。
然后在用常规UV发射器例如水银中亚发射器或电子发射器对折叠的表面下方的漆料层进行全部硬化。
然而,这个用于哑光方法仅仅适合于以最多约20μm的较小的层厚度施加的涂层。在超过约20μm的较高的层厚度下,出现了一种不均匀的褶皱形成,这导致了粗糙、有缺陷且不可接受的表面结构。对于超过20μm的层厚度,因此迄今为止已知的方法并不适用,因为表面结构是不可接受的。
因此,本发明的目的是提供一种简单的方法用于制造均匀的深度哑光的涂层,该方法还适合于具有超过20μm的层厚度的可射线硬化的涂层。
出人意料地已经发现,当将对应的可射线硬化的涂覆剂在一个上游的步骤中用长波UV射线照射(其结果为该涂覆剂的预胶凝(Vorgelierung))时,即使在厚层应用下也可能实现均匀且深度哑光的涂层。
据此,本发明的主题是一种用于制造哑光的涂层的方法,其特征在于,
(1)将一种可射线硬化的涂覆剂施加到一个基底上,
(2)将来自步骤(1)的可射线硬化的涂层用波长为≥200nm至≤420nm、优选≥280nm至≤420nm的UV光在25到120mJ/cm2、优选30到100mJ/cm2的射线剂量下进行照射,
(3)将从步骤(2)获得的涂层用波长为≥120nm至≤230nm、优选≥150nm至≤225nm、特别优选172nm的UV光照射,并且
(4)将从步骤(3)可获得的涂层借助于光化照射进行最终硬化。
本发明的其他主题是根据本发明方法涂覆的物体。
以下详细地描述根据本发明的方法。
适合用于步骤(1)的可射线硬化的涂覆剂包含
a)一种或多种可射线硬化的粘合剂
b)在适当时,一种或多种反应性稀释剂,用于降低粘度
c)一种或多种光引发剂
d)在适当时,添加剂、光保护剂、稳定剂等
e)在适当时,颜料
f)在适当时,其他的填料
g)在适当时,溶剂
h)在适当时,哑光剂
适合作为根据a)的粘合剂的是包含至少一个、尤其至少两个可以用光化照射来活化的双键的高聚物和/或低聚物。这种高聚物和/或低聚物通常具有250到50000g/mol、优选500到25000g/mol、尤其700到5000g/mol的数均分子量。它优选具有100到4000g/mol、特别优选300到2000g/mol的双键当量重量。它优选分别相对于本发明涂覆剂的固体含量以5重量%至99重量%、优选10重量%至90重量%、特别优选20重量%至80重量%的量使用。粘合剂的数均分子量的确定借助于凝胶渗透色谱法以聚苯乙烯作为标准并且四氢呋喃作为流动相来进行。
“(甲基)丙烯酸酯”在本发明的背景下是指对应的丙烯酸酯官能团或甲基丙烯酸酯官能团或者是指两者的混合物。
适合的可射线硬化的粘合剂的实例源自(甲基)丙烯酸酯官能性的(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物、聚醚(甲基)丙烯酸酯、聚酯(甲基)丙烯酸酯、环氧(甲基)丙烯酸酯、聚氨酯(甲基)丙烯酸酯、氨基(甲基)丙烯酸酯、三聚氰胺(甲基)丙烯酸酯、硅酮(甲基)丙烯酸酯和膦腈(甲基)丙烯酸酯的低聚物和/或高聚物类别。优选使用的是不含芳香族结构单元的粘合剂。优选使用的是聚氨酯(甲基)丙烯酸酯、膦腈(甲基)丙烯酸酯和/或聚酯(甲基)丙烯酸酯,尤其优选聚氨酯(甲基)丙烯酸酯,非常特别优选脂肪族的聚氨酯(甲基)丙烯酸酯。
为了降低粘度,可以将低分子的含双键的单体,即所谓的反应性稀释剂b)添加到上述粘合剂中。
作为反应性稀释剂b)可以随同使用在射线硬化时同样(共)聚合并且因此嵌入高聚物网络中的化合物。含有至少一个、尤其至少两个可以用光化照射来活化的键的适合的反应性稀释剂b)是烯烃式不饱和的单体,优选乙烯基脂肪族单体和丙烯酸酯,尤其丙烯酸酯,具有至少一个可自由基聚合的双键并且优选具有至少两个可自由基聚合的双键。适合的反应性稀释剂在隆普百科全书漆料和印刷墨料,吉奥克·提莫出版社,斯图加特,纽约,1998,反应性稀释剂,第491和492页(Rompp Lexikon Lacke und Druckfarben,GeorgThieme Verlag,Stuttgart,New York,1998"Reaktivverdünner",Seiten491und492)中描述。
示例性地提及其丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸的酯,优选丙烯酸与单或多官能的醇作为反应性稀释剂。适合作为醇的,例如同分异构的丁醇、戊醇、己醇、庚醇、辛醇、壬醇和癸醇,此外环脂肪醇如异冰片醇、环己醇和烷基化的环己醇、二环戊醇、芳基脂肪醇如苯氧基乙醇和壬基苯基乙醇,以及四氢糠醇。此外还可以使用这些醇的烷氧基化衍生物。适合的二价醇是例如以下醇,如乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、二乙二醇、二丙二醇、同分异构的丁二醇、新戊二醇、1,6-己二醇、2-乙基己二醇和三丙二醇或还有这些醇的烷氧基化的衍生物。优选的二价醇是1,6-己二醇、二丙二醇和三丙二醇。适合的三价醇是甘油或三甲氧基丙烷或者其烷氧基化的衍生物。四价的醇是季戊四醇或其烷氧基化的衍生物。适合的六价的醇是二季戊四醇或者其烷氧基化的衍生物。特别优选的是所述的三价至六价醇的烷氧基化的衍生物。
本发明的涂覆剂含有一种或多种光引发剂c)。光引发剂通过富能量的电磁照射、例如可见光或尤其UV照射(例如波长200到700nm的光)来活化并且由此通过包含在本发明涂覆剂中的可以通过光化照射活化的基团引发聚合。
优选该光引发剂选自由单分子(类型I)和双分子(类型II)的光引发剂组成的组。适合的类型II的光引发剂是芳香族的酮化合物,例如像二苯酮与叔胺的组合、烷基二苯酮、4,4'-双(二甲基氨基)二苯酮(米歇勒(Michlers)酮)、蒽酮和卤化的二苯酮或所述类型的混合物。适合作为类型I的光引发剂的例如是安息香,安息香衍生物尤其安息香醚,二苯基乙二酮缩酮,酰基氧化膦尤其2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基-二苯基氧化膦,双酰基氧化膦,苯酰甲酸酯(),樟脑醌,α-氨基烷基苯酮,α,α-二烷氧基苯乙酮和α-羟烷基苯酮。
该涂覆剂可以包含添加剂d)。适合的添加剂是例如光保护剂、如UV吸收剂和反向的自由基捕捉剂(HALS),抗氧化剂,除气剂,交联剂,乳化剂,增滑添加剂,聚合抑制剂,粘附剂,均化剂,成膜助剂,流变助剂、如增稠剂和结构粘度的所谓“松弛控制剂”(SCA),阻燃剂,腐蚀抑制剂,蜡,干燥剂和杀生物剂。
这些和其他的适合的成分在教科书《漆料添加剂》,作者约翰·比勒曼,威立VCH,魏茵海姆,纽约,1998(》Lackadditive《von Johan Bieleman,Wiley-VCH,Weinheim,NewYork,1998);在D.施托耶和W.弗莱塔格(编者)《涂料、涂层和溶剂》,第二完全修订版,威立VCH,魏茵海姆,纽约,1998,《14.9.溶剂基团》,第327至373页(D.Stoye und W.Freitag(Editors),》Paints,Coatings and Solvents",Second,Completely Revised Edition,Wiley-VCH,Weinheim,New York,1998,》14.9.Solvent Groups《,Seiten327bis373)中进行描述。
涂覆剂还可以根据e)被颜料化。于是它优选包含至少一种颜料,该颜料选自由有机和无机的、透明和不透光的、有色的和/或有特效的以及导电的颜料。适合的颜料e)和填料f)是例如在卢克特,颜料和填料表格,泡博印刷,朗根哈根,1994(Luckert,Pigmente undFüllstofftabellen,Poppdruck,Langenhagen,1994)中描述。
任选地,可以向涂覆剂中加入溶剂g)。适合的溶剂是相对于该涂覆剂的所存在的官能团而言从添加的时间点开始直到该方法结束为止惰性的。适合的是例如在漆料技术中使用的溶剂,如烃材料、醇、酮和酯,例如甲苯、二甲苯、异辛烷、丙酮、丁酮、甲基异丁基酮、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、四氢呋喃、N-甲基吡啶酮、二甲基乙酰胺、二甲基甲酰胺。
该涂覆剂还可以包含哑光剂h)。适合的哑光剂是例如被设定到用于对应的涂层所需的粒径的二氧化硅。替代地,还可以使用尿素-甲醛缩合物或者基于聚酰胺12的混合物。
根据本发明的方法,在第一步骤(1)中将该涂覆剂按本领域技术人员已知的方法施加到一个适合的基底上。该涂覆剂以≥5μm至≤650μm、优选≥20μm至≤600μm、特别优选≥24μm至≤500μm的层厚度(硬化前)施加到该基底上。
适合用于本发明方法的基底是例如矿物质基底、木材、木质材料、金属、塑料、纤维结合的(fasergebundene)材料等。
在步骤(2)中用波长为≥200nm至≤420nm、优选≥280nm至≤420nm的UV光来照射该可射线硬化的涂覆剂。所要求的照射剂量处于25至120mJ/cm2、优选在30到100mJ/cm2的范围内。在这个步骤(2)中进行该涂覆剂的所谓的预胶凝。
例如将发射UV-A的发射器(例如发光材料管,LED技术或灯,例如由帕纳科-艾罗索公司,施泰因巴赫,德意志联邦共和国(Firma Panacol-Elosol GmbH,Steinbach,Bundesrepublik Deutschland)在参考编号UV-H254、快速启动UV1200、UV-F450、UV-P250C、UV-P280/6或者UV-F900下出售)、高压或中压水银蒸汽灯(其中该水银蒸汽可以通过掺杂有其他的元素如镓或者铁而被改性)、脉冲灯(在参考名称UV闪光发射器下已知)或者卤素灯用作在步骤(2)中给定的波长范围内的UV光的照射源。其他适合的UV发射器或灯在R.斯蒂芬·戴维森《科学探索,U.V.和E.B.固化技术和应用》,斯塔技术有限公司,伦敦,1999,第I章,《概述》,第16页,图10(R.Stephen Davidson,》Exploring the Science,Technologyand Applications of U.V.and E.B.Curing《,Sita Technology Ltd.,London,1999,Chapter I,》An Overview《,Page16,Figure10),或者工学硕士彼得·克拉曼《艾尔托什系统能力、UV技术、应用者向导》,第2页,1998年10月(DipL.Ing.Peter Klamann,》eltoschSystem-Kompetenz,UV-Technik,Leitfaden für Anwender《,Seite2,Oktober1998)中进行描述。发射器可以是位置不可移动地安装的,使得需要被照射的物品借助于一个机械设备移动通过该照射源,或者该发射器可以是可移动的并且需要被照射的物品在预胶凝时并不改变其位置。
优选在本发明的方法中在步骤(2)中使用高压或中压水银蒸汽灯,其中该水银蒸汽可以通过掺杂有其他的元素如镓或铁而被改性。
步骤(2)中的照射优选在大气压条件下进行,也就是说不在惰性气体条件下和/或氧气减少的气氛下。
然后,在步骤(3)中,将从步骤(2)获得的涂层用波长为≥120nm至≤230nm、优选≥150nm至≤225nm、特别优选172nm的UV光照射,其中得到了一种微折叠。
适合步骤(3)的照射源是发射在≥120nm至≤230nm、优选≥150nm至≤225nm范围内、特别优选172nm的UV光的准分子(Excimer)UV灯。根据步骤(3)的微折叠必须在氧贫化的气氛中或者在完全排除氧的情况下、也就是说在惰性气氛下执行。特别优选地,步骤(3)中的硬化在惰性气氛下执行。惰性气体应理解为是一种气体,该气体在所应用的硬化条件下不被该光化照射分解、不抑制硬化并且不与所施加的本发明涂覆剂反应。优选使用氮气、二氧化碳、燃烧气体、氦气、氖气或氩气,特别优选氮气。
这种氮气应当仅包含最小量的杂质气体例如像氧气。优选地使用<300ppm氧气的纯度。
由步骤(3)可获得的涂层的最终硬化(步骤(4))借助于光化照射来进行,例如UV照射、电子照射、X光照射或者伽马照射。优选地,UV照射是在≥200nm至≤420nm、优选≥280nm至≤420nm的波长范围内在80至4000mJ/cm2、优选80至2000J/cm2、特别优选80至600mJ/cm2,并且电子照射(150至300kV)是以10至100kGy、优选20至50kGy的剂量。尤其高压和中压水银灯用作UV照射源,其中水银蒸汽可以用其他元素如镓或铁掺杂。此外,发射UV的LED、在参考名称UV闪光发射器下已知的激光脉冲灯是合适的。适合的电子发射器是已知的扫描型或帘幕型发射器。
步骤(4)中的照射在适当时还可以在排除氧气的情况下,例如在惰性气体氛围或者氧气减少的气氛下执行。此外,照射可以如下地进行:将该涂层用对于该照射而言透明的介质遮盖。对此的实例是例如塑料箔片。对于在步骤(4)中的借助于电子照射的最终硬化,该照射优选在惰性气体条件下进行。
在大气条件下的硬化时,发射器可以被安装为位置不可移动的,使得需要被照射的物品借助于一个机械设备移动通过该照射源,或者该发射器可以是可移动的并且需要被照射的物品在最终硬化时并不改变其位置。
在惰性气体条件下硬化时,发射器优选被安装为位置不可移动的,使得需要被照射的物品借助于一个机械设备移动通过该照射源。
在本发明方法的一个实施方式中,借助于在≥200nm至≤420nm、优选≥280nm至≤420nm波长范围内的UV照射来进行最终硬化(4)。照射剂量为80至4000mJ/cm2、优选80至2000mJ/cm2、特别优选80至600mJ/cm2。
在本发明方法的另一个实施方式中,该最终硬化(4)借助于电子照射(70至300kV)在惰性气体条件下进行。照射剂量为10至100kGy,优选20至50kGy。
实例
在没有另外陈述的情况下,所有百分比数值都是重量百分比。
粘合剂a1):脂肪族的基于脲基甲酸酯的聚氨酯丙烯酸酯,粘度(23℃)60000mPas,Mn=1100g/mol。
粘合剂a2):脂肪族的聚酯丙烯酸酯,Mn=720g/mol。
表1:涂覆剂的组成
上述的涂覆剂I到IV,以下也称为漆料配制品,以30μm的层厚度,借助于一个螺旋涂布器(Spiralrakel)施加到一个纤维增强的矿物质板(欧洲纸箱(Europakarton))上并且然后在后续的方法A1)、A2)、B1)、B2)、C1)和C2)之后借助于照射来硬化。
A1)涂覆剂通过电子照射(170kV)的射线硬化(对比)。
A2)用UV照射(德国尼尔廷根IST公司的UV发射器,Hg中压发射器)的射线硬化(对比)。
B1)用准分子发射器(172nm)照射以形成微折叠,也就是涂层的哑光和随后的用电子照射(170KV)的最终硬化(对比)
B2)用准分子发射器(172nm)照射以形成微折叠,也就是涂层的哑光和随后的用UV发射器(德国尼尔廷根IST公司的UV发射器,Hg中压发射器)的最终硬化(对比)。
C1)用UV照射的预胶凝(德国尼尔廷根IST公司的UV发射器,镓掺杂的Hg中压发射器),然后用准分子发射器(172nm)照射以形成微折叠,也就是说涂层的哑光和随后的用电子照射(170kV)的最终硬化。
C2)用UV照射的预胶凝(德国尼尔廷根IST公司的UV发射器,镓掺杂的Hg中压发射器),然后用准分子发射器(172nm)照射以形成微折叠,也就是说涂层的哑光和随后的用UV照射(德国尼尔廷根IST公司的UV发射器,镓掺杂的Hg中压发射器)的最终硬化。
射线剂量通过美国马萨诸塞州皮波迪的国际光技术公司(Fa.InternationalLight Technologies,Peabody MA,USA)的辐射计来测量。
表2:硬化方法A1、A2、B1、B2、C1和C2的结果
(V):对比
1在60°的光滑度通过根据DIN EN ISO2813的光滑测量来确定。数值E表示光滑单位。
2表面不正常表示:该涂层的表面不正常,也就是说根据由本领域技术人员对该表面的目视检验,该涂层具有带褶皱的不规则的结构。
3表面正常表示:该涂层的表面正常,也就是说根据由本领域技术人员对该表面的目视检验,该涂层具有不带褶皱的均匀的结构。
根据本发明的方法(C1,C2),所有配制品I-IV提供均匀的哑光的涂层。无论步骤(4)中的最终硬化是用UV照射还是电子照射来进行,结果是相同的。
配制品I-IV的简单的射线硬化(A1,A2)没有显示出在涂层的表面中的哑光效应。
配制品I-IV的涂层用准分子照射(B1,B2)的哑光虽然导致哑光的涂层,但是表面结构并不令人满意,因为形成了一种带有褶皱的不规则的表面结构。
对涂覆剂的不同层厚度的实验
表3:涂覆剂V
将涂覆剂V借助于一个螺旋涂布器以24μm的层厚度施加在一个纤维增强的矿物质板(欧洲纸箱)上或者借助于一个提升框架(Aufziehrahmen)以150μm、200μm、300μm、500μm和700μm的层厚度施加在一个纤维增强的矿物质板(欧洲纸箱)上并且根据上述硬化方法B1)或C1)硬化。
表4:取决于所施加的层厚度的硬化方法
(V):对比
1该涂层在硬化之后由本领域技术人员目视检测来评估。
2表面不正常表示:该涂层的表面不正常,也就是说根据由本领域技术人员对该表面的目视检验,该表面具有带褶皱的不规则的结构。
3表面正常表示:该涂层的表面正常,也就是说根据由本领域技术人员对该表面的目视检验,该表面具有不带褶皱的均匀的结构。
根据本发明方法制造的涂层即使在24μm的层厚度下也提供了均匀的哑光的表面(20号),相反,迄今为止已知的方法在24μm的层厚度下虽然提供了哑光的表面但是该表面具有带褶皱的不规则的结构(19号),即不可接受的。
根据本发明方法制造的涂层(21至24号)具有最高500μm的层厚度的均匀的哑光的表面。然而,在700μm的层厚度下,即使根据本发明方法也无法再对表面进行哑光(25号)。
Claims (12)
1.用于制造哑光表面的方法,其特征在于,
(1)将一种可射线硬化的涂覆剂施加到一个基底上,
(2)将来自步骤(1)的可射线硬化的涂层用波长为≥200nm至≤420nm的UV光在25到120mJ/cm2的射线剂量下进行照射,
(3)将从步骤(2)获得的涂层用波长为≥120nm至≤230nm的UV光照射,
(4)将从步骤(3)可获得的涂层借助于光化照射进行最终硬化。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,在步骤(2)中该照射用波长为≥280nm至≤420nm的UV光进行。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,在步骤(3)中的该照射用波长为≥150nm至≤225nm的UV光进行。
4.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,在步骤(3)中的该照射用波长为≥150nm至≤225nm的UV光进行。
5.根据权利要求1至4之一所述的方法,其特征在于,在步骤(2)中的该射线剂量为30至100mJ/cm2。
6.根据权利要求1至4之一所述的方法,其特征在于,在步骤(4)中用UV照射的最终硬化在≥200nm至≤420nm的波长下在80至4000mJ/cm2的照射剂量下进行。
7.根据权利要求1至4之一所述的方法,其特征在于,在步骤(4)中的最终硬化用剂量10至100kGy的电子照射来进行。
8.根据权利要求1至4之一所述的方法,其特征在于,在步骤(1)中使用一种涂覆剂,该涂覆剂包含
a)一种或多种可射线硬化的粘合剂,
c)一种或多种光引发剂。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于,作为可射线硬化的粘合剂使用a)一种选自下组的低聚物和/或高聚物,该组由(甲基)丙烯酸共聚物、聚醚(甲基)丙烯酸酯、聚酯(甲基)丙烯酸酯、环氧(甲基)丙烯酸酯、聚氨酯(甲基)丙烯酸、氨基(甲基)丙烯酸酯、三聚氰胺(甲基)丙烯酸酯、硅酮(甲基)丙烯酸酯以及磷腈(甲基)丙烯酸酯组成。
10.根据权利要求1至4之一所述的方法,其特征在于,在步骤(1)中该涂覆剂以≥5μm至<650μm的层厚度施加到该基底上。
11.根据权利要求1至4之一所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)在大气条件下进行并且步骤(3)在惰性气氛下进行。
12.根据如权利要求1至11之一所述的方法涂覆的基底。
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DE102008024149A1 (de) * | 2008-05-19 | 2009-12-03 | Institut für Oberflächenmodifizierung e.V. | Vorrichtung zur Ermittlung der Faltungskinetik und der Faltungsgeschwindigkeit strahlenhärtbarer Farben und Lacke während des Prozesses der photochemische Mikrofaltung initiiert durch kurzwellige monochromatische Excimer-UV-Strahlung |
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BR112014014894A2 (pt) | 2017-06-13 |
RU2014129622A (ru) | 2016-02-10 |
LT2794126T (lt) | 2017-11-27 |
PL2794126T3 (pl) | 2018-01-31 |
US20140371384A1 (en) | 2014-12-18 |
AR089296A1 (es) | 2014-08-13 |
WO2013092521A1 (de) | 2013-06-27 |
RU2621098C2 (ru) | 2017-05-31 |
SI2794126T1 (en) | 2018-01-31 |
US9073082B2 (en) | 2015-07-07 |
CN104125864A (zh) | 2014-10-29 |
DK2794126T3 (en) | 2017-12-11 |
EP2794126A1 (de) | 2014-10-29 |
EP2794126B1 (de) | 2017-09-06 |
BR112014014894B1 (pt) | 2020-09-15 |
NO2794126T3 (zh) | 2018-02-03 |
ES2649115T3 (es) | 2018-01-10 |
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