CN104114039A - 促进食物团块安全吞咽的拉伸粘度 - Google Patents
促进食物团块安全吞咽的拉伸粘度 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了具有改善的食物团块聚结性的营养产品及其制备和使用方法。所述营养产品可以包含营养组合物和高分子量的水溶性聚合物,以便该营养产品具有能够提供改善的营养产品聚结性的拉伸粘度,且特劳顿比至少为6。还提供了向患有受损的吞咽能力和/或吞咽困难的患者施用所述营养产品的方法。
Description
背景
本发明涉及营养产品和其施用方法。更具体地说,本发明涉及用于促进患有吞咽病症的患者更安全吞咽食物团块的营养产品。
吞咽困难是吞咽中存在困难症状的医学术语。流行病学研究估计在超过50岁年龄的个体当中的流行率为16%-22%。
食道吞咽困难影响所有年龄的大量个体,但一般可用药物治疗且被视为较不严重形式的吞咽困难。食道吞咽困难通常是粘膜、纵隔或神经肌肉疾病的后果。粘膜(内在的)疾病通过与多种状况(例如继发于胃食管返流疾病、食道环和网[例如缺铁性吞咽困难或普卢默-文森综合征]的消化道狭窄、食管肿瘤、化学损伤[例如腐蚀剂摄入、药片食管炎和血管曲张的硬化疗法]、辐射损伤、传染性食道炎和嗜酸细胞性食管炎)相关的炎症、纤维化或瘤形成而使腔道变窄。纵膈(外在的)疾病通过直接侵入或者与多种病症(肿瘤[例如肺癌、淋巴瘤]、感染[例如肺结核、组织胞浆菌病]和心血管疾病[膨胀的心房和血管压缩])相关的淋巴结肿大来阻塞食管。神经肌肉疾病可以影响食管平滑肌及其神经支配,中断蠕动或食道下端括约肌松弛,或两者皆有,其通常与多种病症(失弛缓症[原发性的和与恰加斯病相关的]、硬皮病、其它运动性障碍和外科手术后果[即,胃底折叠术和抗返流干预后])相关。具有管腔内异物的个体也常常会经历急性食管吞咽困难。
另一方面,口腔咽喉吞咽困难是很严重的病症且一般用药物无法治疗。口腔咽喉吞咽困难还影响所有年龄的个体,但更普遍的是影响老年个体。在全世界范围,口腔咽喉吞咽困难影响大约2200万年龄超过50岁的人群。口腔咽喉吞咽困难通常是急性情况的后果,例如中风、脑损伤或口腔或喉癌手术的后果。此外,放疗和化疗可以使肌肉变弱并且使与生理学和吞咽反射神经支配相关的神经退化。对于具有进行性神经肌肉疾病例如帕金森病的个体,通常还见到在吞咽开始中经历逐渐增加的困难。口腔咽喉吞咽困难的代表性病因包括那些与神经学疾病(脑干肿瘤、头损伤、中风、脑瘫、格-巴二氏综合征、亨廷顿病、多发性硬化、脊髓灰质炎、脊髓灰质炎后综合征、迟发性运动障碍、代谢性脑病、肌萎缩侧索硬化、帕金森病、痴呆)、传染性疾病(白喉、食物中毒、莱姆病、梅毒、粘膜炎[疱疹性、巨细胞病毒、假丝酵母属等])、自身免疫疾病(狼疮、硬皮病、舍格伦综合征)、代谢性疾病(淀粉样变性、库欣综合征、甲状腺毒症、威尔逊病)、肌病性疾病(结缔组织病、皮肌炎、重症肌无力、强直性肌营养不良、眼咽肌营养不良、多肌炎、肉瘤样病、类肿瘤综合征、炎症性肌病)、医源性疾病(药物治疗副作用[例如化学疗法、神经安定药等]、外科手术后肌肉或神经性疾病、放射疗法、腐蚀性[药品损伤、故意损伤])和结构性疾病(环咽嵴、森克尔憩室、子宫颈网、口咽肿瘤、骨赘和骨骼畸形、先天性疾病[腭裂、憩室、小囊(pouches)等])相关的疾病。
一般而言,吞咽困难不进行诊断,但该疾病对患者健康和保健费用具有重要后果。患有更加严重的吞咽困难的个体一般而言经历在吞咽后立即发生的食物从口腔到胃的受损通过的感觉。在社区居住的个体中,感知到的症状使得患者去看医生。在住院的个体中,保健医生可以观察症状或聆听来自患者或其家庭成员提示吞咽损伤的描述,并建议患者由专科医生进行评估。在一线医生当中对吞咽损伤的一般性认知是较低的,吞咽困难通常不被诊断和未被治疗。然而,通过被介绍给吞咽专科医生(例如演讲语言病理学家),患者可以进行临床评估,并且可以确诊为吞咽困难。
在一线医生当中对吞咽损伤的一般性认知是较低的。许多人(尤其是那些老年人)遭受未被诊断和未被治疗的吞咽损伤。一个原因是一线社区保健医生(例如一般开业医生/老年病学者、家庭护理护士、理疗医生等)通常不筛选该病症。如果他们知道吞咽损伤的严重性,他们通常不能使用基于证据的筛选方法。此外,基于官方的吞咽困难评估也很少进行。
吞咽困难的严重性根据以下而不同:(i)安全吞咽食物和液体的最小(感知到的)难度,(ii)不伴有误吸或噎塞的显著风险的吞咽不能,和(iii)完全的吞咽不能。通常情况下,不能正常吞咽食物和液体可以归因于在吞咽过程中食物团块分散成较小碎片,其可能进入气道或者在口咽部和/或食道留下不需要的残余物(例如误吸)。如果足够的物质进入肺部,患者可能被肺部集聚的食物/液体窒息。即使小体积的被吸入食物都可以导致支气管肺炎感染,且慢性误吸可以导致支气管扩张症,并可能引发哮喘的某些情况。
“静默型误吸”,是老年人中常见的病症,是指在睡眠过程中口咽内容物的误吸。人们可以通过自身限制饮食来补偿不太严重的吞咽损伤。其自身的老化过程,加上例如高血压和骨关节炎的慢性疾病,造成老年人容易罹患(临床症状不明显的)未被诊断且未被治疗的吞咽困难,直至临床并发症例如肺炎、脱水、营养不良(和相关并发症)出现。然而,由于当前的保健实践,“吸入性肺炎”的区别诊断不是必要指出的。
吞咽困难的经济费用与住院治疗、再住院、由于按操作付费(“P4P”)的偿还减少、传染、康复、工作时间损失、门诊回访、药物使用、劳动、护理接受者时间、儿童护理费用、生活质量、熟练护理需要的增加有关。吞咽困难和误吸影响生活质量、发病率和死亡率。在患有吞咽困难和误吸的医院护理的个体中12个月死亡率很高(45%)。由于缺乏吞咽困难的诊断和早期控制而导致的临床后果的经济负担是显著的。
肺炎是吞咽困难的常见临床后果。该病症通常需要急性住院治疗和急诊室就诊。在因吸入而产生肺炎的情况中,由于当前的保健实践,“吸入性肺炎”的区别诊断不是必要指出的。基于从近几年的美国医疗保健应用调查,统计超过一百万出院的肺炎患者和另外的392,000名患者是归咎于吸入性肺炎。患有一般性肺炎作为主要诊断的个体具有平均6天住院时间,并因医院护理招致超过$18,000的费用。已经预期,吸入性肺炎将带来更高的医院护理费用,基于平均8天的住院时间。在患有吞咽困难的人群中,肺炎是威胁生命的,3个月内的死亡几率是大约50%(van der Steen等人2002)。此外,例如肺炎的急性结果通常引发老年人中的健康状况螺旋式下降。与摄入不足和缺乏活动相关联的损伤,导致营养不良、功能衰退和虚弱。特定的干预(例如促进口腔健康、帮助恢复正常吞咽,或补充吞咽安全的团块)将有利于面临风险(其由于口咽内容物的误吸引起,包括静默性误吸)或经历复发性肺炎的人群。
与肺炎类似,脱水是吞咽困难的威胁生命的临床并发症。脱水是患有神经变性疾病(因此可能患有吞咽损伤)的住院个体中常见的联合疾病。美国每年近400,000名因阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病和多发性硬化病的出院患者,且最多15%的这些患者经历脱水。作为主要诊断的脱水与平均4天住院时间和超过$11,000的住院护理费用相关联。然而,脱水是吞咽困难的可避免的临床并发症。
当吞咽损伤导致惧怕食物和液体噎塞、降低进食频率和自身限制食物选择时,可能发生营养不良和相关的并发症(例如[泌尿道]感染、压力性溃疡、吞咽困难严重性增加[需要更加受限的食物选择、管饲和/或PEG放置和生活质量降低]、脱水、功能下降及相关后果[跌倒、痴呆、虚弱、失去机动性和失去自主性])。如果不纠正,营养摄入不足将加重吞咽困难,因为协助促进正常吞咽的肌肉由于生理储备衰竭而变得衰弱。营养不良与超过3倍的更高的感染风险相关联。在患有神经变性疾病(因此,可能患有危害合理饮食的慢性吞咽损伤)的个体中感染是常见的。美国每年近400,000名因阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病和多发性硬化病的出院患者,且最多32%的这些患者经历泌尿道感染。
营养不良对于患者康复具有严重影响。营养不良的患者具有更长的住院时间,更有可能再次住院,且具有更高的住院护理费用。患有营养不良作为主要诊断的个体与平均8天住院时间和近$22,000的医院护理费用相关联。此外,营养不良导致无意识的体重减少和严重的肌肉和力量损失,最终损伤运动能力和照顾自己的能力。随着功能性的损伤,看护者负担逐渐加重,迫使从非正式看护到随后正式看护、并随后收容入院。然而,营养不良是吞咽困难的可避免的临床并发症。
在患有神经变性疾病(例如阿尔茨海默病)的人群中,无意识的体重减少(营养不良的标志)在认知减退之前发生。此外,体育活动可以有助于稳定认知健康。因此,在患有神经变性疾病的人群中保证营养充足非常重要,以帮助他们具有参加规律的治疗性运动锻炼的力量和耐力,并保证避免无意识的体重减少、肌肉萎缩、身体和认知功能损失、虚弱、痴呆和看护者负担的递增。
在患有神经变性疾病的老年人当中,跌倒和相关的损伤特别令人担忧,这与功能损失相关。在年老的成年人当中,跌倒是导致受伤死亡的主要原因。此外,美国近几年在老年人中有超过180万名因跌倒相关的损伤在急诊就诊的患者。在一年内的直接医疗费用共$179M用于致命的跌倒相关损伤和$19.3B用于非致命的跌倒相关损伤。由于在2008年10月在美国医院开始引入的雄心勃勃的不对行为表现付费(non-payment for performance)的影响,医疗保险将不再支付医院用于住院期间发生的跌倒和相关损伤的治疗费用。医院将面临用于每位在住院护理期间跌倒且遭受髋骨骨折的老年患者的大约$50,000的损失。这项新的质量动议是基于跌倒是可避免的医疗失误的前提。换言之,跌倒是可预防的,原因是可以通过应用基于证据的实践包括营养治疗来预防,因为营养干预对于防止老年人的跌倒和相关损伤(例如骨折)是有效的。
还认为,咀嚼和吞咽困难是压力性溃疡发病的风险因素。压力性溃疡认为是可避免的医疗失误,可以通过应用基于证据的实践(包括营养护理,因为压力性溃疡更有可能当营养不足时发生)来阻止。压力性溃疡是卫生保健系统的重要负担。在2006年,美国医院有322,946个与压力性溃疡发病相关的医疗失误案例。
治愈压力性溃疡的平均费用取决于不同阶段,范围从大约$1,100(阶段II)至大约$10,000(阶段III&IV压力性溃疡)。因此,在一年内治愈与压力性溃疡发病相关的医疗失误的案例的估算费用在$323M至$3.2B范围内。由于在2008年10月在美国医院开始引入的雄心勃勃的不对行为表现付费的影响,医疗保险将不再支付医院用于住院期间发生的压力性溃疡的治疗费用(最多每年$3.2B)。压力性溃疡可以被预防,部分原因是可以通过保证充足的营养摄入实现。此外,一旦已经发病,特定的干预包括使用特定的营养补充剂可以有助于缩短治愈压力性溃疡的预期时间。
在美国的长期护理机构,护理质量标准通过频繁的监管调查来执行。当调查者揭露实际的或潜在的有害/不良结果的证据时,调查者将认定不符合要求的机构。处罚的范围包括罚金、强制关闭以及诉讼和安置费。TagF325(营养)调查认为显著无计划的体重变化、不足的食物/液体摄入、预期创伤治愈的损伤、未能按照要求提供治疗性饮食、功能下降和液体/电解质失衡是作为提供不合标准[营养]护理的证据。Tag F314(压力性溃疡)调查要求机构必须保证已承认未患有压力性溃疡的居住者不能发生压力性溃疡,除非认定为不可避免。此外,患有压力性溃疡的居住者接受必要的治疗和服务以促进治愈,预防感染和预防发生新的压力性溃疡。
考虑到吞咽困难的普遍性、与其相关的可能并发症以及与其相关的费用,提供能够促进患有此类吞咽障碍的患者更加安全的吞咽食物团块的营养产品是有利的。该营养产品将改善数量巨大且正在增加的具有吞咽损伤的人群的生活质量。特定的干预(例如改善口腔健康、帮助恢复正常吞咽或者补充吞咽安全的团块)可以使人们能够经口进食(相对于管饲和/或需要PEG放置而言)并体验与正常健康相关的食物的社会心理学方面,同时保证避免由于缺乏足够的吞咽能力所导致的潜在不利后果。改善吞咽困难患者的营养摄入还可使这些患者能够安全且舒适地吞咽品种更多的食物和饮料产品,其可以使患者整体状况更加健康并且预防其它与健康相关的减退。
概述
本发明涉及营养产品及其施用方法。更具体而言,本发明涉及用于促进食物团块更加安全吞咽的营养产品。在第一方面,本发明涉及营养产品,其包含营养组合物和能够提高该组合物的拉伸粘度的食品级聚合物,以使该营养产品具有的特劳顿比至少为6,优选约6至约15。在本发明第一方面优选的实施方案中,所述特劳顿比为约10。在所述方面另一项优选的实施方案中,本发明的营养产品具有高于100毫帕秒(“mPa s”)的拉伸粘度。
本发明的第二方面涉及制备营养产品的方法,该方法包括包括提供营养组合物,并将食品级聚合物加入该营养组合物中,以形成具有特劳顿比至少为6,且优选在约6至约15之间的营养产品。
本发明的第三方面涉及改善营养产品的聚结性的方法,该方法包括向营养组合物中加入食品级聚合物以形成营养产品,该食品级聚合物能够提高营养组合物的聚结性,因此在食用该营养产品过程中该营养产品不会崩散(break-up)。在本发明的第三方面优选的实施方案中,该营养产品的特劳顿比至少为6,且优选在约6至约15之间。
本发明的第四方面涉及提供了促进食物团块安全吞咽的方法,该方法包括向营养组合物中加入食品级聚合物以形成营养产品,该食品级聚合物能够提高营养组合物的聚结性,因此在食用该营养产品过程中该营养产品不会崩散,并将该营养产品向有需要的患者施用。在本发明的第四方面优选的实施方案中,该营养产品的特劳顿比至少为6,且优选在约6至约15之间。本发明的第五方面涉及治疗患有吞咽障碍的患者的方法,该方法包括向有需要的患者施用营养产品,该产品包含营养组合物和食品级聚合物,该营养产品的特劳顿比至少为6,且优选在约6至约15之间。
在上文所涉及的本发明一至五个方面优选的实施方案中,该营养产品的特劳顿比是大约10。在这些方面的另一项优选的实施方案中,该营养产品可以具有超过100毫帕秒(“mPa s”)的拉伸粘度。
在上文所述本发明的各方面的其它优选的实施方案中,食品级聚合物选自植物提取的胶质、来自植物的粘液及其组合。植物提取的胶质可以进一步选自秋葵胶、魔芋甘露聚糖、他拉胶、豆角胶、瓜尔胶、葫芦巴胶、罗望子胶、肉桂胶、阿拉伯胶、印度胶、果胶类、纤维质、黄蓍胶、刺梧桐树胶或其任何组合。在一至五个方面的其它优选的实施方案中,植物提取的胶类是秋葵胶。此外,所述来自植物的粘液优选地选自猕猴桃粘液、仙人掌粘液(Ficus indica)、蚤草粘液(Plantago ovata)、锦葵粘液(Malvasylvestris)、亚麻子粘液(Linum usitatissimum)、药用蜀葵粘液(Althaeaofficinalis)、长叶车前粘液(Plantago lanceolata)、毛蕊花粘液(Verbascum)、冰岛衣粘液(Lichen islandicus)或其任何组合。在上文本发明的各方面中,特别优选的该植物提取的胶质是猕猴桃粘液。还优选的该食品级聚合物是选自秋葵胶和猕猴桃粘液或其组合。在上文本发明各方面的其它特别优选的实施方案中,所述猕猴桃粘液是来自猕猴桃的茎髓。
在上文所述本发明的各方面的其它优选的实施方案中,该营养产品包含刚性颗粒,优选地,所述刚性颗粒具有1-100微米之间的大小;和/或所述刚性颗粒以5至80体积%之间的量包含于产品中;和/或所述刚性颗粒是选自蔗糖晶体、可可粉颗粒、微晶纤维素颗粒、淀粉和改性淀粉颗粒、蛋白质颗粒及其任何组合。
在上文所述本发明各方面的其它实施方案中,该营养产品包含益生元。所述益生元可以优选地选自阿拉伯胶、α葡聚糖、阿拉伯半乳聚糖、β葡聚糖、葡聚糖、寡聚果糖、墨角藻糖基乳糖、半乳寡聚糖、半乳甘露聚糖、寡聚龙胆糖、寡聚葡萄糖、瓜尔胶、菊糖、异麦芽寡糖、乳新四糖(lactoneotetraose)、乳蔗糖、乳果糖、果聚糖、麦芽糖糊精、乳寡糖、部分水解的瓜尔胶、果胶寡糖、抗性淀粉、回生淀粉、唾液酸寡糖、唾液酰乳糖、大豆寡糖类、糖醇类、寡聚木糖、其水解物及其组合。
在上文所述本发明各方面的其它实施方案中,该营养产品包含益生菌。所述益生菌可以优选地选自气球菌属、曲霉菌属、拟杆菌属、双歧杆菌属、假丝酵母属、梭菌属、德巴利酵母属、肠球菌属、梭杆菌属、乳杆菌属、乳球菌属、明串球菌属、蜜蜂球菌属、微球菌属、毛霉菌属、酒球菌属、片球菌属、青霉属、消化链球菌属、毕赤酵母属、丙酸杆菌属、假链状双歧杆菌(Pseudocatenulatum)、根霉菌属、酵母菌属、葡萄球菌属、链球菌属、球拟酵母属、魏斯氏菌属及其组合。
在上文所述本发明各方面的其它实施方案中,该营养产品包含氨基酸。所述氨基酸可以优选地选自丙氨酸、精氨酸、天冬酰胺、天冬氨酸、瓜氨酸、半胱氨酸、谷氨酸、谷氨酰胺、甘氨酸、组氨酸、羟脯氨酸、羟丝氨酸、羟酪氨酸、羟赖氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸、甲硫氨酸、苯丙氨酸、脯氨酸、丝氨酸、牛磺酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸、酪氨酸、缬氨酸及其组合。
在上文所述本发明各方面的其它实施方案中,该营养产品包含脂肪酸成分,优选鱼油,其优选地选自二十二碳六烯酸(“DHA”)和二十碳五烯酸(“EPA”)或其组合。DHA和EPA还可以来自磷虾、包含ω-3脂肪酸的植物来源、亚麻子、核桃、藻类及其组合。某些脂肪酸(例如18:4脂肪酸)还可以容易地转化为DHA和/或EPA。该营养产物可以进一步包含α-亚麻酸。
在上文所述本发明各方面的其它实施方案中,该营养产品包含植物营养素。所述植物营养素可以优选地选自黄酮类、同源的酚化合物、多酚化合物、萜类、生物碱、含硫化合物及其组合,且特别是选自类胡萝卜素、植物甾醇、槲皮素、姜黄素、柠檬碱及其组合。
在上文所述本发明各方面的其它实施方案中,该营养产品优选地包含抗氧化剂。所述抗氧化剂可以优选地选自虾青素、类胡萝卜素类、辅酶Q10(“CoQ10”)、黄酮类化合物、谷胱甘肽、枸杞(薄叶西方雪果)、橙皮碱、乳-薄叶西方雪果、木酚素、叶黄素、番茄红素、多酚类、硒、维生素A、维生素C、维生素E、玉米黄质及其组合。
在上文所述本发明各方面的其它实施方案中,该营养产品是可施用的形式,其优选地选自药物制剂、营养制剂、饮食补充剂、功能性食品和饮料产品或其组合。
本发明的一个优点是提供了改良的营养产品。
本发明的另一个优点是提供了具有增强的聚结性的营养产品。
本发明的另一个优点是提供了用于患有吞咽困难的患者的改良的营养产品。
本发明的另一个优点是提供了治疗患有吞咽困难的患者的方法。
本发明的另一个优点是提供了增强组合物聚结性的方法。
本发明的另一个优点是提供了促进食物团块安全吞咽的方法。
其它特征和优点如本文所述,并将在以下详细描述和附图中清楚显示。
详细描述
本文所用的“约”应理解为是指数值范围内的数字。此外,本文的所有数值范围应理解为包括该范围内的所有整数、整体或分数。
本文所用的术语“氨基酸”应理解为包括一种或多种氨基酸。氨基酸可以是,例如丙氨酸、精氨酸、天冬氨酸、瓜氨酸、半胱氨酸、谷氨酸、谷氨酰胺、甘氨酸、组氨酸、羟脯氨酸、羟丝氨酸、羟酪氨酸、羟赖氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸、甲硫氨酸、苯丙氨酸、脯氨酸、丝氨酸、牛磺酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸、酪氨酸、缬氨酸或其组合。
本文所用的“动物”包括但不限于哺乳动物,其包括但不限于啮齿类、水生哺乳动物、家养动物例如狗和猫、农场动物例如绵羊、猪、牛和马以及人。如果使用术语“动物”或“哺乳动物”或其复数,则关注的是它还适用于能够由该世代显示或预期显示效果的动物。
本文所用的术语“抗氧化剂”应理解为包括任意的一种或多种不同的物质,例如β胡萝卜素(维生素A前体)、维生素C、维生素E和硒),它们抑制氧化或抑制被活性氧物质(“ROS”)和其他自由基和非自由基物质促进的反应。另外,抗氧化剂是能够减缓或防止其他分子氧化的分子。抗氧化剂的非限制性实例包括类胡萝卜素类、辅酶Q10(“CoQ10”)、黄酮类化合物、谷胱甘肽、枸杞(薄叶西方雪果)、橙皮碱、乳-薄叶西方雪果、木酚素、叶黄素、番茄红素、多酚类、硒、维生素A、维生素B1、维生素B6、维生素B12、维生素C、维生素D、维生素E、玉米黄质或其组合。
本文所用的“有效量”是预防个体缺陷、治疗个体疾病或医学病症的量,或更具体地说,是减轻症状、控制疾病发展或提供有益于个体的营养、生理或医学益处的量。治疗可以是与患者或医生相关的。
尽管术语“个体”和“患者”通常在本文中用于指人,但是本说明书并不限于此。因此,术语“个体”和“患者”指具有可以得益于所述治疗的医学病症或处于该病症风险中的任何动物、哺乳动物或人。
本文所用的ω-3脂肪酸例如α-亚麻酸(“ALA”)、二十二碳六烯酸(“DHA”)和二十碳五烯酸(“EPA”)的来源的非限定性实例包括鱼油、磷虾、家禽、蛋类,或其它植物或坚果来源,例如亚麻子、核桃、杏仁、藻类、改良的植物等。
本文所用的“食品级微生物”的含义是用作和一般被视为安全用于食品的微生物。
本文所用的“哺乳动物”包括但不限于啮齿动物、水生哺乳动物、家养动物例如狗和猫、农场动物例如绵羊、猪、牛和马以及人。如果使用术语“哺乳动物”,则关注的是它还适用于其他能够由该哺乳动物显示或预以显示效果的动物。
术语“微生物”指包括细菌、酵母和/或真菌、具有微生物的细胞生长培养基或其中培养微生物的细胞生长培养基。
本文所用的术语“矿物质”应理解为包括硼、钙、铬、铜、碘、铁、镁、锰、钼、镍、磷、钾、硒、硅、锡、钒、锌或其组合。
本文所用的“非复制的”微生物的含义是通过常规平板接种方法不能检测到活细胞和/或集落形成单位。该常规接种方法在微生物学书中总结:James Monroe Jay等人,Modern food microbiology,第7版,SpringerScience,New York,N.Y.p.790(2005)。通常情况下,缺乏活细胞可以通过下文表示:在用不同浓度的细菌制品(“非复制”样品)接种并在适合条件(需氧和/或厌氧气氛下至少24小时)下培养后在琼脂平板上没有可见菌落,或者在液体生长介质中没有渐增的浑浊度。例如,双歧杆菌属如长双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium longum)、乳双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium lactis)和短双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium breve)或者乳杆菌属如副干酪乳杆菌(Lactobacillusparacasei)或鼠李糖乳杆菌(Lactobacillus rhamnosus),可通过热处理、特别是低温/长时间热处理变为非复制的微生物。
本文所用的“核苷酸”应理解为脱氧核糖核酸(“DNA”)或核糖核酸(“RNA”)的亚单位。其是由含氮碱基、磷酸酯分子和糖分子(DNA中的脱氧核糖和RNA中的核糖)构成的有机化合物。单个核苷酸单体(单个单元)连接在一起形成聚合物或长链。外源性核苷酸特别是通过饮食供给提供。外源性核苷酸可以是以单体形式例如5'-腺苷单磷酸酯(“5'-AMP”)、5'-鸟苷单磷酸酯(“5'-GMP”)、5'-胞嘧啶单磷酸酯(“5'-CMP”)、5'-尿嘧啶单磷酸酯(“5'-UMP”)、5'-肌苷单磷酸酯(“5'-IMP”)、5'-胸腺嘧啶单磷酸酯(“5'-TMP”)或其组合。外源性核苷酸还可以是以聚合体形式,例如完整的RNA。可以有聚合体形式的多种来源,例如酵母RNA。
本文所用的“营养组合物”应理解为包括任意数量的任选的另外的成分,包括常用的食品添加剂,例如一种或多种酸化剂、另外的增稠剂、缓冲剂或用于pH调整的试剂、螯合剂、着色剂、乳化剂、赋形剂、矫味剂、矿物质、渗透压剂、药学可接受的载体、防腐剂、稳定剂、糖、甜味剂、组织形成剂和/或维生素。可以加入任意适量的所述任选成分。
本文所用的术语“患者”应理解为包括接受或预期接受如本文所定义的治疗的动物,尤其是哺乳动物,且更加尤其是人。
本文所用的“植物素”或“植物营养素”是在许多食物中发现的非营养性化合物。植物素是具有超过基本营养的保健有益性的功能性食品并且是来源于植物来源的促进健康的化合物。“植物素”或“植物营养素”指植物产生的对使用者赋予一种或多种保健有益性的任意化学物质。植物素和植物营养素的非限制性实例包括:
i)酚类化合物,包括单酚类(例如:芹菜脑、鼠尾草酚、香芹酚、莳萝油脑、Rosemarinol);黄酮类化合物(多酚类),包括黄酮醇类(例如:槲皮素、姜酚、山柰酚、杨梅黄酮、芦丁、异鼠李素)、类黄酮类(例如:橙皮苷、柑桔素、水飞蓟宾、圣草酚)、黄酮类(例如:芹菜素、柑桔黄酮、四羟黄酮)、黄烷-3-醇类(例如:儿茶酚、(+)-儿茶素、(+)-没食子儿茶酸、(-)-表儿茶素、(-)-表没食子儿茶素、(-)-表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)、(-)-表儿茶精3-没食子酸酯、茶黄素、茶黄素-3-没食子酸酯、茶黄素-3'-没食子酸酯、茶黄素-3,3'-二没食子酸酯、茶玉红精)、花青苷类(黄碱醇类)和花青素(例如:花葵素、甲基花青素、花青定、翠雀定、二甲花翠素、矮牵牛配基)、异黄酮类(植物雌激素)(例如:黄豆苷元(刺芒柄花素)、染料木黄酮(鹰嘴豆芽素A)、黄豆黄素)、二氢黄酮醇类、查耳酮类、香豆烷类(Coumestans)(植物雌激素)和香豆雌酚;酚酸类(例如:鞣花酸、没食子酸、鞣酸、香草醛、姜黄素);羟基桂皮酸类(例如:咖啡酸、绿原酸、桂皮酸、阿魏酸、香豆素);木酚素类(植物雌激素)、水飞蓟亭、开环异落叶松树脂酚、松脂醇和落叶松脂素);对羟苯基乙醇酯类(例如:对羟苯基乙醇、羟基酪醇、橄榄油刺激醛、橄榄苦苷);茋类化合物(例如:白藜芦醇、紫檀茋、四羟反式茋)和安石榴苷类;
ii)萜类(类异戊二烯),包括类胡萝卜素类(四萜类化合物),包括胡萝卜素类(例如:α-胡萝卜素、β-胡萝卜素、γ-胡萝卜素、δ-胡萝卜素、番茄红素、链孢红素、六氢番茄红素、八氢番茄红素)和黄叶素(例如:角黄素、隐黄质、玉米黄素、虾青素、叶黄素、玉红黄质);单萜类(例如:柠檬烯、紫苏子醇);皂苷类;脂质,包括:植物甾醇类(例如:油菜甾醇、β谷固醇、γ谷甾醇、豆甾醇)、生育酚类(维生素E)和ω-3、-6和-9脂肪酸(例如:γ-亚麻酸);三萜类化合物(例如:齐墩果酸、熊果酸、白桦脂酸、模绕酮酸);
iii)甜菜红碱,包括β-花青苷(例如:甜菜苷、异甜菜苷、前甜菜苷、新甜菜苷);和甜菜黄素(非配糖体形式)(例如:梨果仙人掌黄素和仙人掌黄素);
iv)有机硫化物,包括二巯基硫酮类(异硫氰酸酯类)(例如:硫莱菔子素);和硫代磺酸酯类(葱属化合物)(例如:烯丙基甲基三硫化物和二烯丙基硫化物),吲哚类,芥子油苷类,包括吲哚-3-原醇;莱菔硫烷;3,3'-二吲哚基甲烷;黑芥子糖苷;大蒜素;蒜氨酸;异硫氰酸烯丙酯;胡椒碱;顺式-丙硫醛-S-氧化物;
v)蛋白抑制剂,包括例如蛋白酶抑制剂;
vi)其他有机酸,包括草酸、植酸(肌醇六磷酸);酒石酸;和鸡腰果酸;或
vii)它们的组合。
除非上下文中另有清楚地描述,否则本文和所附权利要求中所用的单数形式“一种(a)”、“一种(an)”和“该(the)”包括复数对应值。因此,例如所涉及的“多肽”包括两种或多种多肽的混合物等。
本文所用的“益生元”是食品物质,其选择性促进有益菌生长或抑制肠中致病菌的生长或粘膜粘着。它们在摄入它们的人的胃肠道中的胃和/或肠上部不灭活或在肠道吸收,但它们被胃肠道微生物群落和/或益生菌发酵。益生元例如由Glenn R.Gibson和Marcel B.Roberfroid在DietaryModulation of the Human Colonic Microbiota:Introducing the Concept ofPrebiotics,J.Nutr.1995125:1401-1412中定义。益生元的非限制性实例包括阿拉伯胶、α葡聚糖、阿拉伯半乳聚糖、β葡聚糖、葡聚糖、寡聚果糖、墨角藻糖基乳糖、半乳寡聚糖、半乳甘露聚糖、寡聚龙胆糖、寡聚葡萄糖、瓜尔胶、菊糖、异麦芽寡糖、乳新四糖(lactoneotetraose)、乳蔗糖、乳果糖、果聚糖、麦芽糖糊精、乳寡糖、部分水解的瓜尔胶、果胶寡糖、抗性淀粉、回生淀粉、唾液酸寡糖、唾液酰乳糖、大豆寡糖类、糖醇类、寡聚木糖、或其水解物、或其组合。
本文所用的益生菌微生物(下文的“益生菌”)是食品级微生物(活的,包括半活的或弱化的和/或非复制的)、代谢物、微生物制品或微生物细胞成分,它们在以足量施用时可以赋予宿主健康,更具体地说,是通过改善其肠微生物平衡对宿主产生有益影响,从而对宿主保健或健康产生作用。参见Salminen S,Ouwehand A.Benno Y.等人,Probiotics:how should theybe defined?,Trends Food Sci.Technol.1999:10,107-10。一般而言,认为这些微生物抑制或影响肠道中致病菌的生长和/或代谢。益生菌还可以激活宿主的免疫功能。因此,存在许多将益生菌包括进食品的方法。益生菌的非限制性实例包括气球菌属、曲霉菌属、芽孢杆菌属、拟杆菌属、双歧杆菌属、假丝酵母属、梭菌属、德巴利酵母属、肠球菌属、梭杆菌属、乳杆菌属、乳球菌属、明串球菌属、蜜蜂球菌属、微球菌属、毛霉菌属、酒球菌属、片球菌属、青霉属、消化链球菌属、毕赤酵母属、丙酸杆菌属、假链状双歧杆菌(Pseudocatenulatum)、根霉菌属、酵母菌属、葡萄球菌属、链球菌属、球拟酵母属、魏斯氏菌属或其组合。
本文所用的术语“蛋白质”、“肽”、“寡肽类”或“多肽”应理解为指任意的组合物,其包括单一氨基酸(单体)、两种或多种通过肽键彼此连接的氨基酸(二肽、三肽或多肽)、胶原蛋白、前体、同源物、类似物、模拟物、盐、前药、代谢物、或其片段、或其组合。为清楚起见,除非另有指定,否则任意上述术语可互换使用。应该理解的是多肽类(或肽类或蛋白质或寡肽类)通常包含一般称作20种天然存在的氨基酸以外的氨基酸,且可以通过天然方法例如糖基化和其他翻译后修饰或通过本领域众所周知的化学修饰技术修饰给定多肽上的许多氨基酸,包括末端氨基酸。在可以存在于本发明的多肽类的已知修饰中,包括但不限于乙酰化、酰化、ADP-核糖基化、酰胺化、黄酮类化合物或血红素部分的共价连接、多核苷酸或多核苷酸衍生物的共价连接、脂质或脂质衍生物的共价连接、磷脂酰肌醇的共价连接、交联、环化、二硫键形成、去甲基化、共价交联形成、胱氨酸形成、焦谷氨酸形成、甲酰化、γ-羧化、糖化、糖基化、糖基磷脂酰肌醇(“GPI”)膜锚定点形成、羟化、碘化、甲基化、豆蔻酰化、氧化、蛋白酶解加工、磷酸化、异戊烯化、外消旋化、硒基化、硫酸化、tRNA介导的氨基酸添加到多肽类上例如精氨酰化和泛素化。术语“蛋白质”还包括“人造蛋白质”,其指由肽的重复单元组成的线性或非线性的多肽类。
蛋白质的非限制性实例包括基于乳品的蛋白质、基于植物的蛋白质、基于动物的蛋白质和人造蛋白质。基于乳品的蛋白质包括,例如酪蛋白、酪蛋白酸盐(例如所有形式,包括酪酸钠、酪酸钙、酪酸钾)、酪蛋白水解物、乳清(例如所有形式,包括浓缩物、分离物、去矿物质化的)、乳清水解物、乳蛋白浓缩物和乳蛋白分离物。基于植物的蛋白质包括,例如大豆蛋白(例如所有形式,包括浓缩物和分离物)、豌豆蛋白(例如所有形式,包括浓缩物和分离物)、芸苔蛋白(例如所有形式,包括浓缩物和分离物)、商购的为小麦和分级分离的小麦蛋白的其他植物蛋白、玉米及其部分包括玉米醇溶蛋白、大米、燕麦、马铃薯、花生、青豆粉、绿豆粉、和任何来源于豆类、小扁豆属和豆类植物的蛋白质。基于动物的蛋白质选自牛肉、家禽、鱼、小羊、海产品或其组合。
本申请内的全部剂量范围包括该范围内包含的所有数字、整体或分数。
本文所用的“合益素”是指补充剂,其包含共同起作用以改善肠微生物群落的益生元和益生菌。
本文所用的术语“治疗”、“治疗”和“缓解”包括预防或预防性治疗(预防和/或减缓所靶向的病理学情况或障碍的发展)和治愈、治疗或改善疾病性治疗,包括治愈、减缓、减轻所诊断的病理学情况或障碍症状和/或阻止其发展的治疗措施;和治疗处于感染疾病或疑似感染疾病风险中的患者和患病或已经被诊断为患有疾病或医学病症的患者。该术语不一定指个体被治疗至完全恢复。术语“治疗”还指维持和/或促进未患疾病、但疑似发生不健康情况例如氮失衡或肌肉损耗的个体健康。术语“治疗”、“治疗”和“缓解”还预期包括增强或者促进一种或多种主要的预防或治疗措施。术语“治疗”、“治疗”和“缓解”还预期包括疾病或病症的膳食控制或者预防或防止疾病或病症的膳食控制。
本文所用的术语“维生素”应理解为包括以分钟计的用量是身体正常生长和活动所必需的且天然获自植物和动物食物或通过合成方式制备的任意的各种脂溶性或水溶性有机物质(非限制性实例包括维生素A、维生素B1(硫胺素)、维生素B2(核黄素)、维生素B3(烟酸或烟酰胺)、维生素B5(泛酸)、维生素B6(吡多辛、吡哆醛或吡哆胺或盐酸吡多辛)、维生素B7(生物素)、维生素B9(叶酸)和维生素B12(各种钴胺类;通常为维生素补充剂中的氰钴胺)、维生素C、维生素D、维生素E、维生素K、叶酸和生物素)、维生素原、衍生物、类似物。
本发明涉及促进患有吞咽障碍(包括例如吞咽困难)的患者更加安全的食物团块吞咽的营养产品。本发明还涉及向患有吞咽障碍的患者提供治疗的方法。
人(或哺乳动物)的正常吞咽涉及三个相互独立且良好协调的不同阶段:(i)口腔、(ii)咽喉和(iii)食管阶段。在口腔阶段,其处于有意识控制,食物被咀嚼并与唾液混合形成团块,经舌的有意识运动向口腔后部递送,进入咽喉。咽喉阶段是无意识的,且经食物/液体团块启动通过咽腭弓进入咽喉。咽喉的三个缩肌收缩推动团块向食管上括约肌。同时,软腭关闭鼻咽部。喉头向上移动阻止食物或液体通过进入气道,其通过会厌部的向下倾斜和声襞关闭来辅助完成。食管阶段也是无意识的,且由食管上括约肌松弛开始,然后经蠕动,推动团块向下进入胃。
吞咽困难是指吞咽中困难的症状。已经确定吞咽困难的以下一般原因:
a)吞咽能力下降
b)舌头没有对软腭施加足够的压力
i)医源性
(1)外科手术除去部分舌或软腭
(a)治疗打鼾或睡眠呼吸暂停
(b)肿瘤(恶性或良性)切除术
ii)遗传性
(1)舌和/或软腭发育不良
(2)舌和/或软腭神经支配过度或缺乏
iii)外伤性
(1)组织损伤
(2)去神经支配/亚神经支配
iv)神经性
(1)局部去神经支配/亚神经支配
(2)CNS
(a)中风后
(b)脱髓鞘(Demylination)
c)会厌行为异常
i)没有在适当的时间关闭和开启
(1)开启过早
(2)没有及时关闭
(a)延迟关闭
ii)未完全关闭(弹性不足-萎缩)
未治疗或难以控制的口腔咽喉吞咽困难的后果可能是严重的,包括脱水、导致功能失调性免疫应答和功能减退的营养不良、具有固体食物的气道阻塞(噎塞)以及液体和半固体食物的气道吸入、促进吸入性肺炎和/或肺炎。几种口腔咽喉吞咽困难可能需要通过管饲补充营养。
轻度到中度口腔咽喉吞咽困难可能需要改变食物质地以便将噎塞或吸入的可能性降至最低。这可以包括使液体浓稠和/或将固体食物搅拌成泥状,已经证实这两者是预防进食过程中噎塞和吸入的最有效方式。设计增稠的液体以具有三种特性:(i)可以在吞咽作用自始至终维持的更粘性的食团;(ii)较慢地递送至咽喉,由此补偿其中吞咽反射为增稠液体准备的增加的时间;和(iii)提供更大的密度以增加意识到口腔中食物或液体团的存在。
改善个体吞咽的能力和效率能够通过降低肺误吸风险来提高个体的安全性。有效的吞咽可以获得避免辅助喂食的更强的独立性和/或缩短在用餐期间辅助喂食所花费的时间长度。有效吞咽还降低了安全所需的液体的粘度(例如布丁、蜂蜜和花蜜稠度制品),并且还可以限制质地改良食物的使用。全部这些上述因素的目的都是为了改善个体的生活质量。
因此,本公开物提供了用于通过调整食物和饮料的流变性质阻止团块渗入和误吸来促进患有吞咽障碍的患者(吞咽困难患者)对食物团块更加安全吞咽的营养产品。流变学是对物质流动性的研究,主要是在液态,也包括软固体或在对应于塑性流动而非对应于外加力的弹性变形的条件下的固体。一般而言,物质的流动性不能通过粘度的单个值来表征,尽管在特定温度的粘度检测可以提供关于物质特性的有价值的信息。一般而言,流变学研究是使用流变仪来进行,一般而言是将特定的应力场或形变加在流体上,并检测所得形变或应力。这些仪器可以在稳定流或振荡流以及剪切和拉伸中进行操作。
通常检测的物质的流变性质是其剪切粘度。剪切粘度,常常简单地称为粘度,描述了物质对外加的剪切力的反应。换言之,剪切力是当你在流体中向下移动时,在侧面或水平面方向施加在液体表面上的“压力”(每单位面积上的力)与流体速度改变(“速度梯度”)之间的比率。体积粘性(Volumeviscosity)或体粘性(bulk viscosity)描述了对压缩的反应,并且是表征流体中声学所必需的。
物质的另一项流变学特性是其拉伸粘度。拉伸粘度是向其流动方向拉伸液体所需的应力与拉伸速率之间的比率。拉伸粘度系数广泛地用于表征聚合物,此时它们不能简单地从剪切粘度进行计算或评价。
在口腔加工和吞咽过程中,食品的粘度由于剪切力发生改变。众所周知,当作用在食品上的剪切力和速率(例如咀嚼力)升高时,食品的粘度降低。一种已知的提高食物/饮料粘度的对饮料和液体食物的处理方法是通过加入淀粉或胶质增稠剂。该增稠是为了提高团块的吞咽控制和定时。但是,患者通常不喜欢,因为额外的吞咽努力以及可能还有高粘度的残余物遗留。对于固体食物,当在患者中出现固体小片的咀嚼和吞咽问题时,经常描述菜泥饮食。但是,这些菜泥饮食缺少唾液向“真正”的食物团块所提供的天然聚结性。
一般而言,拉伸粘度仅与流动相关,其中流体被“拉伸”/延展(例如,当经过压缩例如食管括约肌流动时),或者被压缩(例如在舌与颚或舌与咽之间)。但是,任何压缩力也意味着拉伸(例如在另一个方向)。仅在所谓“简单剪切力”下流动,就像在直线的导管中,仅有剪切粘度确定流体流动。在类似吞咽的过程中,团块运送的几乎全部步骤都还具有某种程度的拉伸。剪切粘度和拉伸粘度之间的差异通常用“特劳顿比(Trouton ratio)”表示,其是在相同变形速率下的拉伸粘度和剪切粘度的比率,以秒的倒数表示。由于剪切力和拉伸力的同时存在,申请人已经发现确定用于患有吞咽困难的患者的营养产品的拉伸粘度和特劳顿比非常重要。
因此,与剪切粘度的作用相反,本发明的营养产品的目的是为了提高食物团块的聚结性,以防止食物团块崩散成小片,小片可能在吞咽过程中进入气道或在口咽部和/或食道内残留不期望的残余物。唾液蛋白质类天然地具有提高食物团块聚结性的功能。申请人惊讶地发现,在营养产品中引入食品级聚合物表现出对提高食物团块聚结性(例如,用于患有唾液分泌缺乏的患者)的类似或相同的、可能甚至是增强的效果。该原理也可以应用于饮料,其中此类聚合物可以溶解,以及半固体食物(例如菜泥),其需要保持足够的完整性来安全吞咽,且其中固体和半固体颗粒被包含所述聚合物的“粘合的”水相保持在一起。
申请人还发现,向吞咽困难的患者提供的营养产品具有由于其拉伸粘度而提高的团块聚结性,不需要显著地调整该物质的其它物理特性例如其剪切粘度,显著地降低了患者吞咽努力的程度,以及在口咽部和/或食道的残余物累积的风险。因此,具有提高聚结性的产品通过使其能够安全且舒适地吞咽种类更加广泛的食物和饮料产品,从而向吞咽困难的患者提供了改善的营养摄入。这通过提高团块完整性(“聚结性”)来完成,并因此给予患者能够食用不同产品的信心。由改良的食物和水的摄入产生的营养改善可以为患者带来总体更加健康的状态,并阻止进一步减退。
包含在本营养产品中的聚合物可以包含能够提高拉伸粘度的高分子量、水溶性聚合物,并因此提高营养产品的聚结性(例如阻止崩散)。该聚合物包括例如植物提取的胶质、由细菌产生的胶质、高分子量蛋白质、合成聚合物、来自植物的粘液和化学改良的生物聚合物。特别优选地是包含在本营养产品中的植物提取的胶质和/或来自植物的粘液。
因此,本营养产品中所用的胶质可以包括例如黄原胶、葡甘露聚糖(魔芋甘露聚糖)、半乳甘露聚糖(他拉胶、豆角胶、瓜尔胶、葫芦巴胶)、葡聚糖、结冷胶、罗望子胶、桂皮胶、阿拉伯树胶(阿拉伯胶)、印度胶、果胶、纤维质、琼脂、角叉菜胶、藻酸盐、黄蓍胶、刺梧桐树胶、产碱杆菌多糖胶、秋葵胶或其组合。
在本申请的全文中,所述胶类是食品级且可以从许多市场供应商获得。例如,黄原胶是由糖类-葡萄糖、甘露糖和葡糖醛酸构成的高分子量、长链多糖。主链与纤维素类似,带有附加的三糖类侧链。半乳甘露聚糖是由带有半乳糖单元侧链(单个)的甘露糖主链构成的多糖。半乳糖与甘露糖的比率在不同的半乳甘露聚糖中不同,通常主要为甘露糖。葡甘露聚糖主要是具有由D-葡萄糖和D-甘露糖残基构成主链的无支链的多糖。通常情况下,该多糖是由大约60%的D-甘露糖和大约40%D-葡萄糖构成。在本申请的全文中,半乳甘露聚糖和葡甘露聚糖是食品级,且可以从许多市场供应商获得。
高分子量蛋白质可以包括例如胶原衍生的蛋白质例如明胶、植物蛋白质例如马铃薯、豌豆、羽扇豆等,或足够高分子量的其它蛋白质(MW=100kDa及以上)。
合成聚合物必须能够用作食物添加剂,且可以包括例如聚环氧乙烷(“PEO”)或聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(“PVP”)。PEO是特别有用的合成聚合物,因为其是可接受的食品级添加剂,且当以低浓度存在时仅轻微地提高组合物的剪切粘度,同时还强烈地提高物质例如水的拉伸粘度和聚结性。PEO还具有相对高的特劳顿比。PVP也是可以用于食物的合成聚合物。已知PVP与阴离子表面活性剂有协同作用,但已经证明过的特定的表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(“SDS”)不能用于食物。
化学改良的聚合物包括化学改良的生物聚合物,例如但不限于羧甲基纤维素。
具有高特劳顿比的组合物通常提供了提高的拉伸粘度,并且因此提供了产品提高的聚结性。一般而言,大部分简单的液体例如油类和其它牛顿流体具有约3的特劳顿比。对于大部分非牛顿聚合物熔化物而言,特劳顿比大于3。在一项实施方案中,本发明的营养产品具有至少约为6的特劳顿比,优选在约6至约15之间。在一项实施方案中,特劳顿比是大约10。在一项实施方案中,营养产品的拉伸粘度大于约100mPa s。
在一项实施方案中,本发明的营养产品包含蛋白质来源。该蛋白质来源可以是膳食蛋白质,包括但不限于动物蛋白质(肉蛋白质或卵蛋白质)、乳品蛋白质(例如酪蛋白、酪蛋白酸盐(例如全部形式包括酪酸钠、酪酸钙、酪酸钾)、酪蛋白水解物、乳清(例如全部形式包括浓缩物、分离物、去矿物质化的)、乳清水解物、乳蛋白浓缩物和乳蛋白分离物))、植物蛋白质(例如大豆蛋白、小麦蛋白、大米蛋白和豌豆蛋白)或其组合。在一项实施方案中,该蛋白质来源是选自乳清、鸡肉、玉米、酪蛋白酸盐、小麦、亚麻、大豆、卡罗布豆、豌豆或其组合。
在另一项实施方案中,本发明的营养产品包括碳水化合物源。任意适合的碳水化合物都可以用于本营养组合物,包括但不限于蔗糖、乳糖、葡萄糖、果糖、玉米糖浆固体、麦芽糖糊精、改性淀粉、直链淀粉、木薯淀粉、玉米淀粉或其组合。
在另一项实施方案中,本发明的营养产品包括脂肪源。该脂肪源可以包括任意适合的脂肪或脂肪混合物。例如,该脂肪源可以包括但不限于植物脂肪(例如橄榄油、玉米油、向日葵油、棉籽油、榛子油、大豆油、棕榈油、椰子油、芥花油、卵磷酯类等)和动物脂肪(例如乳脂)或其组合。
优选地,本发明的营养产品还包括一种或多种益生元。益生元的非限制性实例包括阿拉伯胶、α葡聚糖、阿拉伯半乳聚糖、β葡聚糖、葡聚糖、寡聚果糖、墨角藻糖基乳糖、半乳寡聚糖、半乳甘露聚糖、寡聚龙胆糖、寡聚葡萄糖、瓜尔胶、菊糖、异麦芽寡糖、乳新四糖、乳蔗糖、乳果糖、果聚糖、麦芽糖糊精、乳寡糖、部分水解的瓜尔胶、果胶寡糖、抗性淀粉、回生淀粉、唾液酸寡糖、唾液酰乳糖、大豆寡糖类、糖醇类、寡聚木糖、其水解物、或其组合。
还优选地,所述营养产品进一步包括一种或多种益生菌。益生菌的非限制性实例包括气球菌属、曲霉菌属、拟杆菌属、双歧杆菌属、假丝酵母属、梭菌属、德巴利酵母属、肠球菌属、梭杆菌属、乳杆菌属、乳球菌属、明串球菌属、蜜蜂球菌属、微球菌属、毛霉菌属、酒球菌属、片球菌属、青霉属、消化链球菌属、毕赤酵母属、丙酸杆菌属、假链状双歧杆菌、根霉菌属、酵母菌属、葡萄球菌属、链球菌属、球拟酵母属、魏斯氏菌属或其组合。
一种或多种氨基酸还可以存在于本发明营养产品中。氨基酸的非限制性实例包括丙氨酸、精氨酸、天冬酰胺、天冬氨酸、瓜氨酸、半胱氨酸、谷氨酸、谷氨酰胺、甘氨酸、组氨酸、羟脯氨酸、羟丝氨酸、羟酪氨酸、羟赖氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸、甲硫氨酸、苯丙氨酸、脯氨酸、丝氨酸、牛磺酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸、酪氨酸、缬氨酸或其组合。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,所述营养产品进一步包含一种或多种合益素、ω-3脂肪酸来源和/或植物营养素。如本文所用的,合益素是添加剂,其包含共同作用来改善肠道微生物群落的益生元和益生菌。ω-3脂肪酸来源的非限制性的实例包括α-亚麻酸(“ALA”)、二十二碳六烯酸(“DHA”)和二十碳五烯酸(“EPA”),包括鱼油、磷虾、家禽、蛋类,或其它植物或坚果来源,例如亚麻子、核桃、杏仁、藻类、改良的植物等。植物营养素的非限制性的实例包括槲皮素、姜黄素和柠檬碱。
还优选地,在所述营养产品中可存在一种或多种抗氧化剂。抗氧化剂的非限制性的实例包括类胡萝卜素类、辅酶Q10(“CoQ10”)、黄酮类化合物、谷胱甘肽、枸杞(薄叶西方雪果)、橙皮碱、乳-薄叶西方雪果、木酚素、叶黄素、番茄红素、多酚类、硒、维生素A、维生素B1、维生素B6、维生素B12、维生素C、维生素D、维生素E、玉米黄质或其组合。
本发明的营养产品还可包含纤维或不同类型纤维的混合物。该纤维混合物可以包括可溶性和不溶性纤维的混合物。可溶性纤维可以包括例如寡聚果糖、阿拉伯胶、菊糖等。不溶性纤维可以包括例如豌豆外层纤维。
所述营养产品还可以包含其它功能成分,包括壳聚糖和蛋白质聚集体。壳聚糖是直链的多糖,包含随机分布的β-(1-4)-连接的D-葡糖胺(脱乙酰化单元)和N-乙酰基-D-葡糖胺(乙酰化单元)。在其它潜在优势中,壳聚糖具有天然抗菌特性,辅助药物递送,且已知能够快速凝血。蛋白质聚集体是受暴露于溶剂的通常包埋在蛋白质内部的疏水表面间的相互作用驱使的错误折叠的蛋白质的聚结物。
在其它方面,本发明提供了制备营养产品的方法。该方法包括提供营养组合物并将食品级聚合物加入该营养组合物中,从而形成营养产品,其具有特劳顿比至少为大约6,优选地在大约6至大约15之间。在该方面优选的实施方案中,该产品的拉伸粘度大于100mPas。
在另一方面,本发明提供了改善营养产品聚结性的方法。这些本发明的方法包括向营养组合物中加入食品级聚合物,以形成营养产品,该食品级聚合物能够提高营养产品的聚结性,因此在食用该营养产品过程中该营养产品不会崩散。在一项实施方案中,该产品的拉伸粘度大于100mPas。在该方面优选的实施方案中,该营养产品的特劳顿比至少为6,优选在大约6至大约15之间,且最优选是大约10。
在本发明的另一方面,提供了促进食物团块安全吞咽的方法。这些方法包括向营养组合物中加入食品级聚合物,以形成营养产品,该食品级聚合物能够提高营养产品的聚结性,因此在食用该营养产品过程中该营养产品不会崩散,且向有需要的患者施用该营养产品。在一项实施方案中,该产品的拉伸粘度大于100mPas。在一项实施方案中,该营养产品的特劳顿比至少为6,优选在大约6至大约15之间,且最优选是大约10。
在本发明的另一方面,提供了治疗患有吞咽障碍的患者的方法。该方法包括向有需要的患者施用本营养产品,其包含营养组合物和食品级聚合物,该营养产品具有特劳顿比至少为6,优选地在大约6至大约15之间,最优选大约10。在一项实施方案中,该产品的拉伸粘度大于100mPas。
在上文所述的本发明的各方面优选的实施方案中,该食品级聚合物是选自植物提取的胶质、来自植物的粘液及其组合。植物提取的胶质优选地选自秋葵胶、魔芋甘露聚糖、他拉胶、豆角胶、瓜尔胶、葫芦巴胶、罗望子胶、肉桂胶、阿拉伯胶、印度胶、果胶类、纤维质、黄蓍胶、刺梧桐树胶或其任何组合。在特别优选的实施方案中,植物提取的胶类是秋葵胶。植物来源的粘液可以选自猕猴桃粘液、仙人掌粘液(Ficus indica)、蚤草粘液(Plantago ovata)、锦葵粘液(Malva sylvestris)、亚麻子粘液(Linumusitatissimum)、药用蜀葵粘液(Althaea officinalis)、长叶车前粘液(Plantagolanceolata)、毛蕊花粘液(Verbascum)、冰岛衣粘液(Lichen islandicus)或其任何组合。在上文本发明各方面优选的实施方案中,该食品级聚合物是选自秋葵胶和/或猕猴桃粘液或其组合。
特别优选地是,植物来源的粘液是猕猴桃粘液。所述粘液最优选是来自于猕猴桃的茎髓。猕猴桃的茎,其通常代表了猕猴桃农业中剩余的植物废料,包含了大约20%的粘液。
在本公开物的上下文中,所述粘液还优选是食品级的,且能够从市场的很多供应商处获得。
此外,如上文本发明实施方案中所述的胶质和粘液可以按照任何本领域已知的适合的提取方法获得。提取胶质和粘液的常规方法包括将未加工的植物原料用10倍于其重量的蒸馏水浸泡,并放置过夜。得到粘稠溶液,将其通过细薄棉布过滤。通过在连续搅拌下加入约1:1比例重量的95%乙醇将所述胶质或粘液沉淀。得到凝固的固体,将其随后在炉中于40-45℃干燥,通过过筛而粉末化,并储存在密闭的容器中。
在上文所述本发明各方面的其它优选的实施方案中,该营养产品进一步包含刚性颗粒。在本公开物的上下文中,术语“刚性”的含义是所述颗粒在吞咽过程中所受到的外力下未显示出可检测的形变。该颗粒优选地选自蔗糖晶体、可可粉颗粒、微晶纤维素颗粒、淀粉及改性淀粉颗粒、蛋白质颗粒及其任何组合。
因此,所定义的刚性颗粒可具有1-100微米之间的大小,更加优选在1.5-80微米之间,且最优选在2-50微米之间。
在本发明中,颗粒大小是通过平均当量粒径来表达。在本公开物的上下文中,当量粒径(equivalent particle diameter)是指与颗粒体积相同的球体的直径,其可以通过任何本领域已知的适合的方法确定。优选地,该当量粒径是通过激光衍射,例如使用Mastersizer仪器来确定。此外,在上下文中,平均当量粒径是基于数量的平均值,其应当理解为样品中全部粒径的算术平均值,通常报告为D[1,0]。
此外,特别优选地是,所述刚性颗粒具有狭长的形状,表明它们具有大于1.0的长宽比。
更优选地是,上文所述刚性颗粒是以5-80体积%的量包含于本发明的营养产品中,更加优选10-70体积%,且最优选15-50体积%。在本公开物的上下文中,体积%表示每份所述本发明产品的总体积中全部刚性颗粒的体积在作为整体的本发明产品中的百分比。
发现在营养产品中该刚性颗粒的存在能够就地促进拉伸流,并因此提高了拉伸应力,导致所述产品更高的表观拉伸粘度。
通过使用改良的营养产品以及其制备和施用的方法,吞咽困难患者的营养摄入可以通过使他们能够安全且舒适地吞咽品种更广泛的食物和饮料产品而得到改善。此类优点可以通过提高食物团块的聚结性来实现,其因为不会出现食物团块崩散和可能被患者误吸,从而给予患者能够食用不同产品的信心。该营养改善可以为患者带来总体更加健康的状况,并预防其它与健康相关的减退。
应当理解,对本文所述的目前优选的实施方案的多种改变和修改对于本领域技术人员是显而易见的。可以在不偏离本发明主题的主旨和范围且不减少其预期优点的情况下进行这些改变和修改。因此,认为此类改变和修改也包含在所附权利要求的范围内。
Claims (54)
1.营养产品,其包含:
营养组合物和能够提高该营养组合物的拉伸粘度的食品级聚合物,其中所述营养产品包含特劳顿比至少为6,且优选在大约6至大约15之间。
2.如权利要求1所述的营养产品,其中特劳顿比是大约10。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的营养产品,其中营养产品的拉伸粘度大于100mPa s。
4.如上述权利要求中任一项所述的营养产品,其中食品级聚合物是选自植物提取的胶质、来自植物的粘液及其组合。
5.如权利要求4所述的营养产品,其中植物提取的胶质是选自秋葵胶、魔芋甘露聚糖、他拉胶、豆角胶、瓜尔胶、葫芦巴胶、罗望子胶、肉桂胶、阿拉伯胶、印度胶、果胶类、纤维质、黄蓍胶、刺梧桐树胶或其任何组合,并且优选的植物提取的胶质是秋葵胶。
6.如权利要求4或5所述的营养产品,其中来自植物的粘液是选自猕猴桃粘液、仙人掌粘液、蚤草粘液、锦葵粘液、亚麻子粘液、药用蜀葵粘液、长叶车前粘液、毛蕊花粘液、冰岛衣粘液或其任何组合,并且优选的来自植物的粘液是猕猴桃粘液。
7.如权利要求1-6中任一项所述的营养产品,其中食品级聚合物是选自秋葵胶和/或猕猴桃粘液或其组合。
8.如权利要求6或7中所述的营养产品,其中猕猴桃粘液是来自猕猴桃的茎髓。
9.如上述权利要求中任一项所述的营养产品,其还包含刚性颗粒,优选地其中
刚性颗粒具有1-100微米的大小;和/或
刚性颗粒的量占5-80体积%;和/或
刚性颗粒是选自蔗糖晶体、可可粉颗粒、微晶纤维素颗粒、淀粉和改性淀粉颗粒、蛋白质颗粒、及其任何组合。
10.如上述权利要求中任一项所述的营养产品,进一步包含
益生元,选自阿拉伯胶、α葡聚糖、阿拉伯半乳聚糖、β葡聚糖、葡聚糖、寡聚果糖、墨角藻糖基乳糖、半乳寡聚糖、半乳甘露聚糖、寡聚龙胆糖、寡聚葡萄糖、瓜尔胶、菊糖、异麦芽寡糖、乳新四糖、乳蔗糖、乳果糖、果聚糖、麦芽糖糊精、乳寡糖、部分水解的瓜尔胶、果胶寡糖、抗性淀粉、回生淀粉、唾液酸寡糖、唾液酰乳糖、大豆寡糖类、糖醇类、寡聚木糖、其水解物、或其组合;和/或
益生菌,选自气球菌属、曲霉菌属、芽孢杆菌属、拟杆菌属、双歧杆菌属、假丝酵母属、梭菌属、德巴利酵母属、肠球菌属、梭杆菌属、乳杆菌属、乳球菌属、明串球菌属、蜜蜂球菌属、微球菌属、毛霉菌属、酒球菌属、片球菌属、青霉属、消化链球菌属、毕赤酵母属、丙酸杆菌属、假链状双歧杆菌、根霉菌属、酵母菌属、葡萄球菌属、链球菌属、球拟酵母属、魏斯氏菌属或其组合;和/或
氨基酸,选自丙氨酸、精氨酸、天冬酰胺、天冬氨酸、瓜氨酸、半胱氨酸、谷氨酸、谷氨酰胺、甘氨酸、组氨酸、羟脯氨酸、羟丝氨酸、羟酪氨酸、羟赖氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸、甲硫氨酸、苯丙氨酸、脯氨酸、丝氨酸、牛磺酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸、酪氨酸、缬氨酸及其组合;和/或
脂肪酸,选自二十二碳六烯酸、二十碳五烯酸及其组合,优选地,其中脂肪酸是来自选自鱼油、磷虾、包含ω-3脂肪酸的植物来源、亚麻子、核桃、藻类及其组合的来源;和/或
植物营养素,选自黄酮类、同源的酚化合物、多酚化合物、萜类、生物碱、含硫化合物及其组合,优选地,其中植物营养素是选自类胡萝卜素类、植物甾醇、槲皮素、姜黄素、柠檬碱及其组合;和/或
抗氧化剂,选自虾青素、类胡萝卜素类、辅酶Q10(“CoQ10”)、黄酮类化合物、谷胱甘肽、枸杞(薄叶西方雪果)、橙皮碱、乳-薄叶西方雪果、木酚素、叶黄素、番茄红素、多酚类、硒、维生素A、维生素C、维生素E、玉米黄质及其组合。
11.如上述权利要求中任一项所述的营养产品,其中该营养产品是可施用的形式,其选自药物制剂、营养制剂、饮食补充剂、功能性食品和饮料产品及其组合。
12.营养产品的制备方法,该方法包括:
提供营养组合物;并且
将食品级聚合物加入营养组合物,以形成具有特劳顿比至少为6,优选大约6至大约15之间的营养产品。
13.如权利要求12中所述的方法,其中该营养产品具有大约10的特劳顿比。
14.如权利要求12或13中所述的方法,其中营养产品的拉伸粘度大于100mPa s。
15.如权利要求12-14中任一项所述的方法,其中营养产品是可施用的形式,其选自药物制剂、营养制剂、饮食补充剂、功能性食品和饮料产品及其组合。
16.如权利要求12-15中任一项所述的方法,其中食品级聚合物是选自植物提取的胶质、来自植物的粘液及其组合。
17.如权利要求16中所述的方法,其中植物提取的胶质是选自秋葵胶、魔芋甘露聚糖、他拉胶、豆角胶、瓜尔胶、葫芦巴胶、罗望子胶、肉桂胶、阿拉伯胶、印度胶、果胶类、纤维质、黄蓍胶、刺梧桐树胶或其任何组合,并且优选的植物提取的胶质是秋葵胶。
18.如权利要求16或17中所述的方法,其中来自植物的粘液是选自猕猴桃粘液、仙人掌粘液、蚤草粘液、锦葵粘液、亚麻子粘液、药用蜀葵粘液、长叶车前粘液、毛蕊花粘液、冰岛衣粘液或其任何组合,并且优选的来自植物的粘液是猕猴桃粘液。
19.如权利要求16-18中任一项所述的方法,其中食品级聚合物是选自秋葵胶和/或猕猴桃粘液或其组合。
20.如权利要求18或19中所述的方法,其中猕猴桃粘液是来自猕猴桃的茎髓。
21.如权利要求12-20中任一项所述的方法,进一步包括向营养组合物中加入刚性颗粒,优选地其中
刚性颗粒具有1-100微米的大小;和/或
刚性颗粒以5-80体积%的量加入;和/或
刚性颗粒是选自蔗糖晶体、可可粉颗粒、微晶纤维素颗粒、淀粉和改性淀粉颗粒、蛋白质颗粒及其任何组合。
22.提高营养产品聚结性的方法,该方法包括:
向营养组合物中加入食品级聚合物以形成营养产品,该食品级聚合物能够提高营养组合物的聚结性,因此该营养产品在食用该营养产品过程中不会崩散。
23.如权利要求22所述的方法,其中该营养产品具有特劳顿比至少为6,优选在大约6至大约15之间。
24.如权利要求22或23所述的方法,其中该营养产品具有特劳顿比为大约10。
25.如权利要求22-24中任一项所述的方法,其中该营养产品的拉伸粘度大于100mPa s。
26.如权利要求22-25中任一项所述的方法,其中该营养产品是可施用的形式,选自药物制剂、营养制剂、饮食补充剂、功能性食品和饮料产品及其组合。
27.如权利要求22-26中任一项所述的方法,其中食品级聚合物是选自植物提取的胶质、来自植物的粘液及其组合。
28.如权利要求27中所述的方法,其中植物提取的胶质是选自秋葵胶、魔芋甘露聚糖、他拉胶、豆角胶、瓜尔胶、葫芦巴胶、罗望子胶、肉桂胶、阿拉伯胶、印度胶、果胶类、纤维质、黄蓍胶、刺梧桐树胶或其任何组合,并且优选的植物提取的胶质是秋葵胶。
29.如权利要求27或28中所述的方法,其中来自植物的粘液是选自猕猴桃粘液、仙人掌粘液、蚤草粘液、锦葵粘液、亚麻子粘液、药用蜀葵粘液、长叶车前粘液、毛蕊花粘液、冰岛衣粘液或其任何组合,并且优选的来自植物的粘液是猕猴桃粘液。
30.如权利要求27-29中任一项所述的方法,其中食品级聚合物是选自秋葵胶和/或猕猴桃粘液或其组合。
31.如权利要求30中所述的方法,其中猕猴桃粘液是来自猕猴桃的茎髓。
32.如权利要求22-30中任一项所述的方法,进一步包括向营养组合物中加入刚性颗粒,优选地其中
刚性颗粒具有1-100微米的大小;和/或
刚性颗粒以5-80体积%的量加入;和/或
刚性颗粒是选自蔗糖晶体、可可粉颗粒、微晶纤维素颗粒、淀粉和改性淀粉颗粒、蛋白质颗粒及其任何组合。
33.促进食物团块安全吞咽的方法,该方法包括:
向营养组合物中加入食品级聚合物以形成营养产品,该食品级聚合物能够提高营养组合物的聚结性,因此该营养产品在食用该营养产品过程中不会崩散;并且
向有需要的患者施用该营养产品。
34.如权利要求33中所述的方法,其中该营养产品具有特劳顿比至少为6,优选在大约6至大约15之间。
35.如权利要求33或34中所述的方法,其中该营养产品具有特劳顿比为大约10。
36.如权利要求33-35中任一项所述的方法,其中该营养产品的拉伸粘度大于100mPa s。
37.如权利要求33-36中任一项所述的方法,其中该营养产品是可施用的形式,选自药物制剂、营养制剂、饮食补充剂、功能性食品和饮料产品及其组合。
38.如权利要求33-37中任一项所述的方法,其中该食品级聚合物是选自植物提取的胶质、植物提取的粘液及其组合。
39.如权利要求38中所述的方法,其中植物提取的胶质是选自秋葵胶、魔芋甘露聚糖、他拉胶、豆角胶、瓜尔胶、葫芦巴胶、罗望子胶、肉桂胶、阿拉伯胶、印度胶、果胶类、纤维质、黄蓍胶、刺梧桐树胶或其任何组合,且优选地该植物提取的胶质是秋葵胶。
40.如权利要求38或39中所述的方法,其中植物来源的粘液是选自猕猴桃粘液、仙人掌粘液、蚤草粘液、锦葵粘液、亚麻子粘液、药用蜀葵粘液、长叶车前粘液、毛蕊花粘液、冰岛衣粘液或其任何组合,且优选地该植物来源的粘液是猕猴桃粘液。
41.如权利要求33-40中任一项所述的方法,其中该食品级聚合物是选自秋葵胶和/或猕猴桃粘液或其组合。
42.如权利要求40或41中所述的方法,其中猕猴桃粘液是来自猕猴桃的茎髓。
43.如权利要求33-42中任一项所述的方法,进一步包括向营养组合物中加入刚性颗粒,优选地其中
刚性颗粒具有1-100微米的大小;和/或
刚性颗粒以5-80体积%的量加入;和/或
刚性颗粒是选自蔗糖晶体、可可粉颗粒、微晶纤维素颗粒、淀粉和改性淀粉颗粒、蛋白质颗粒及其任何组合。
44.治疗患有吞咽障碍的患者的方法,该方法包括:
向有需要的患者施用营养产品,该产品包含营养组合物和食品级聚合物,该营养产品具有特劳顿比至少为6,优选地在大约6至大约15之间。
45.如权利要求44中所述的方法,其中该营养产品具有特劳顿比为大约10。
46.如权利要求44或45中所述的方法,其中该营养产品的拉伸粘度大于100mPa s。
47.如权利要求44-46中任一项所述的方法,其中所述吞咽障碍是唾液分泌缺乏和/或吞咽困难。
48.如权利要求44-47中任一项所述的方法,其中该营养产品是可施用的形式,选自药物制剂、营养制剂、饮食补充剂、功能性食品和饮料产品及其组合。
49.如权利要求44-48中任一项所述的方法,其中食品级聚合物是选自植物提取的胶质、来自植物的粘液及其组合。
50.如权利要求49中所述的方法,其中植物提取的胶质是选自秋葵胶、魔芋甘露聚糖、他拉胶、豆角胶、瓜尔胶、葫芦巴胶、罗望子胶、肉桂胶、阿拉伯胶、印度胶、果胶类、纤维质、黄蓍胶、刺梧桐树胶或其任何组合,并且优选的植物提取的胶质是秋葵胶。
51.如权利要求49或50中所述的方法,其中来自植物的粘液是选自猕猴桃粘液、仙人掌粘液、蚤草粘液、锦葵粘液、亚麻子粘液、药用蜀葵粘液、长叶车前粘液、毛蕊花粘液、冰岛衣粘液或其任何组合,并且优选的来自植物的粘液是猕猴桃粘液。
52.如权利要求44-51中任一项所述的方法,其中食品级聚合物是选自秋葵胶和/或猕猴桃粘液或其组合。
53.如权利要求51或52中所述的方法,其中猕猴桃粘液是来自猕猴桃的茎髓。
54.如权利要求44-53中任一项所述的方法,进一步包括向营养组合物中加入刚性颗粒,优选地其中
刚性颗粒具有1-100微米的大小;和/或
刚性颗粒的量占5-80体积%;和/或
刚性颗粒是选自蔗糖晶体、可可粉颗粒、微晶纤维素颗粒、淀粉和改性淀粉颗粒、蛋白质颗粒及其任何组合。
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- 2012-12-17 BR BR112014014329A patent/BR112014014329A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
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- 2012-12-17 JP JP2014546560A patent/JP2015501649A/ja active Pending
- 2012-12-17 WO PCT/EP2012/075695 patent/WO2013087916A1/en active Application Filing
- 2012-12-17 EP EP12801733.2A patent/EP2790532A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-12-17 CN CN201280069705.8A patent/CN104114039A/zh active Pending
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2012351533A1 (en) | 2014-06-19 |
BR112014014329A2 (pt) | 2017-06-13 |
EP2790532A1 (en) | 2014-10-22 |
AU2012351533B2 (en) | 2016-09-22 |
US20140356340A1 (en) | 2014-12-04 |
WO2013087916A1 (en) | 2013-06-20 |
CA2858471A1 (en) | 2013-06-20 |
CA2858471C (en) | 2020-10-13 |
JP2015501649A (ja) | 2015-01-19 |
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