CN104093476B - 用于柴油发动机的废气脱硝装置 - Google Patents

用于柴油发动机的废气脱硝装置 Download PDF

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CN104093476B
CN104093476B CN201380006992.2A CN201380006992A CN104093476B CN 104093476 B CN104093476 B CN 104093476B CN 201380006992 A CN201380006992 A CN 201380006992A CN 104093476 B CN104093476 B CN 104093476B
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田中博仲
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Abstract

在容器主体(11)内配置多个催化剂单元(12),所述催化剂单元(12)由催化剂元件(22)和配置有多个该元件的横截面为正方形的收纳框体(21)构成,在容器主体的横截面上,设想内接于容器主体的上下左右对称的假想八边形(S),在该假想八边形内,设想多个假想矩形划分部,以及在这些各假想矩形划分部与假想八边形的外周线之间的多个假想三角形划分部,并且,形成催化剂元件的收纳框体,使其横截面与各划分部一致。

Description

用于柴油发动机的废气脱硝装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于柴油发动机的废气脱硝装置。
背景技术
以往,在压力高的柴油发动机的排气系统上设置脱硝装置的情况下,使用的不是由棱柱形容器而是由圆筒容器构成的脱硝装置。例如,在如专利文献1所示的脱硝反应器中,为了容易插入该圆筒容器内,使用如下脱硝装置:将由陶瓷片卷成圆筒状的催化剂元件沿半径方向分割成扇型,并组合成圆柱状。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本专利公开平成07-24259号公报
发明内容
(一)要解决的技术问题
根据上述现有的结构,将陶瓷片卷成圆筒状,使其大小与脱硝反应器的口径大致相同,来制造催化剂元件之后,在分割成多个的情况下,特别是在元件为大型的情况下,具有其切断装置等成为大型这样的问题。
此外,在应用于净化从船舶用柴油发动机排出的废气的脱硝装置的情况下,仅通过只将分割的催化剂元件装入,会在对发动机振动的耐久性上出现问题。
因此,本发明的目的是提供一种容易组装且对振动等具有耐久性的用于柴油发动机的废气脱硝装置。
(二)技术方案
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明的第一方面是一种用于柴油发动机的废气脱硝装置,其具有圆筒形容器主体,所述圆筒形容器主体引导来自柴油发动机的废气,并且内部配置有脱硝用催化剂元件;
在容器主体内配置多个由筒状收纳框体及配置在该收纳框体内的催化剂元件构成的催化剂单元;
在上述容器主体的横截面上,设想内接于该容器主体的上下左右对称的假想八边形,并且在该假想八边形内,设想多个假想矩形划分部,以及在这些各假想矩形划分部与假想八边形的外周线之间的多个假想三角形划分部和/或多个假想梯形划分部;
进而,形成上述催化剂元件的收纳框体,使其横截面与上述各划分部一致。
此外,本发明的第二方面是如下的废气脱硝装置,所述废气脱硝装置的收纳框体由筒状主体部、筒状前侧引导口部和筒状后侧引导口部构成,所述筒状主体部收纳催化剂元件,所述筒状前侧引导口部突出设置在该主体部的前方,具有小于所述主体部的口径,所述筒状后侧引导口部突出设置在所述主体部的后侧,能够嵌套在所述前侧引导口部上。
此外,本发明的第三方面是如下的废气脱硝装置,使配置在所述废气脱硝装置的收纳框体内部的催化剂元件为在主体部的前方形成有空间部的长度,并且,在与该空间部对应的收纳框体的主体部侧壁上形成用来使废气通过的第一切口孔;
并且,通过这些第一切口孔,废气能够在邻接的收纳框体之间移动。
进而,本发明的第四方面是如下的废气脱硝装置,在所述废气脱硝装置的收纳框体的主体部的与第一切口孔位置不同的侧壁上,形成用来减轻该收纳框体重量的第二切口孔,并且,在配置在主体部内的催化剂元件的与所述第二切口孔相对应的表面上,配置有用来保护催化剂元件的缓冲材料。
(三)有益效果
根据上述各发明,由于将圆筒形的容器主体内部划分成多个假想的划分部,并且在这些各划分部内,配置将催化剂元件插入收纳框体内而成的催化剂单元,因此与以往那样,将由陶瓷片卷成圆筒状而成的催化剂元件切断成多个,并将该切断后的催化剂元件装入容器内的现有技术不同,其组装变得容易,并且能够防止催化剂元件自身的偏离。因此,即使在将脱硝装置设置在来自发生振动的船舶用柴油发动机的废气路径上的情况下,也能够得到耐久性,并且不需要如现有的催化剂单元的切断装置等。
附图说明
图1是表示本发明的用于柴油发动机的废气脱硝装置的废气路径上的配置状态的图。
图2是该脱硝装置的矩形的催化剂单元的立体图。
图3是该脱硝装置的矩形的催化剂单元的水平剖面图。
图4是该脱硝装置的三角形的催化剂单元的立体图。
图5是该脱硝装置的梯形的催化剂单元的立体图。
图6是表示本发明的实施例1的催化剂单元的配置模式的主视图。
图7是表示该实施例1的变形例的催化剂单元的配置模式的主视图。
图8是表示该实施例1的其他变形例的催化剂单元的配置模式的主视图。
图9是表示本发明的实施例2的脱硝装置的催化剂单元的配置模式的主视图。
图10是表示该实施例2的变形例1的催化剂单元的配置模式的主视图。
图11是表示该实施例2的变形例2的催化剂单元的配置模式的主视图。
图12是表示该实施例2的变形例3的催化剂单元的配置模式的主视图。
图13是表示该实施例2的变形例4的催化剂单元的配置模式的主视图。
图14是本发明的实施例的脱硝装置的固定装置的主视图。
图15是图14的A-A向视图。
图16是该固定装置的按压件的侧视图。
具体实施方式
下面,根据附图对本发明的用于柴油发动机的废气脱硝装置进行说明。
如图1所示,该用于柴油发动机的废气脱硝装置(以下称为脱硝装置)1配置在用来将来自船舶用柴油发动机2的废气引导至烟筒3的废气路径4的中途,且在涡轮增压器5的上游侧,其用来去除废气中所含的氮氧化物。
上述脱硝装置1大致分为,由配置在废气路径4的中途的圆筒形的容器主体(为圆筒容器,例如图6所示)11和配置在该容器主体11内的多个催化剂单元12构成,并且,在该催化剂单元12上具备催化剂元件。另外,该催化剂单元12在上下叠置的同时在左右并列设置,并且在前后方向上也连续配置。
可是,关于本发明的催化剂单元12,由于其配置方法多种多样,因此其形状也存在各种各样,对于这些催化剂单元12,通过如下所示的多个实施例进行说明。
首先,作为催化剂单元12的代表性结构,对横截面为正方形的催化剂单元进行说明。另外,由于正方形表示矩形的一例,因此也可以是长方形。进而,在下面,作为正方形以外的催化剂单元,也对梯形、三角形(具体地,为直角三角形)进行说明。
如图2及图3所示,该横截面为正方形的催化剂单元12由收纳框体21和催化剂元件22构成,所述收纳框体21的横截面为正方形并具有规定长度,所述催化剂元件22为在该收纳框体21内部呈层状叠置的蜂窝形状。
该催化剂单元12构成为,如上所述,其在上下叠置的同时在左右并列设置,并在前后方向上也连续配置,进而,各自的前后部能够相互结合,并且构成为来自前方的催化剂单元12(12A)的废气G也能够流入后方的左右的催化剂单元12(12B)。
该催化剂单元12的收纳框体21由主体部(也可以称为躯体部)31、筒状前侧引导口部32和筒状后侧引导口部33的构成,所述主体部31是横截面具有规定口径(表示大小,这里设为对角线长度)的正方形的筒状,所述筒状前侧引导口部32突出设置在该主体部31的前方,并具有小于主体部31的规定口径的正方形口径,同样,所述筒状后侧引导口部33突出设置在主体部31的后方,并具有小于主体部31的规定口径的正方形口径,并且能够插入所述前侧引导口部32。
而且,在该收纳框体21配置在前后方向上时,其相对端部相互配合,使来自前方的收纳框体21的废气G引导至后方的收纳框体21。具体地,后侧引导口部33从外侧与前侧引导口部32配合。
即,前侧引导口部32由正面观察为正方形的凸缘部32a及四角锥形状的连接部32b构成,所述正面观察为正方形的凸缘部32a的口径略小于主体部31,所述四角锥形状的连接部32b连接该凸缘部32a与主体部31。此外,后侧引导口部33同样由正面观察为正方形的凸缘部33a、四角锥形状的连接部33b和折回引导部33c构成,所述正面观察为正方形的凸缘部33a的口径略小于主体部31,所述四角锥形状的连接部33b连接该凸缘部33a与主体部31,所述折回引导部33c从上述凸缘部33a的前端(也可以称为后端)突出设置,沿着后方的催化剂单元12(12B)的收纳框体21的前侧引导口部32。
进而,在收纳框体21的主体部31前侧的周围侧壁(左右侧壁及上下侧壁)上,形成有长圆形的第一切口孔31a,并且,在该第一切口孔31a的后方的主体部31相互对置的两个侧壁上(在与第一切口孔不同的位置上)、例如上下侧壁上,形成有多个、例如四个矩形的用于减轻重量的第二切口孔31b。
因此,如图3的水平剖面图所示,如果将收纳框体21配置成在左右并列设置(虽没有图示,但在上下也重叠),并且引导口部32、33之间在前后方向上配合,则来自前方的废气G的大部分通过催化剂元件22,直接流向后方的催化剂元件22。此外,使废气G的一部分通过第一切口孔31a,引导至在周围(上下及左右)邻接配置的催化剂单元12的收纳框体21内。即,废气G在容器主体11内分散,与催化剂的反应效率提高。
另外,在与第二切口孔31b相对应的位置上,即在催化剂元件22的表面(外面)上,配置缓冲材料(例如,使用陶瓷纸等衬垫材料)23,所述缓冲材料23用来保护该催化剂元件22并夹持收纳框体21内的催化剂元件22。
此外,除了上述正方形的收纳框体21以外,还有横截面为三角形及横截面为梯形的收纳框体,若将它们进行图示,则如图4及图5所示。
当然,对于分别收纳催化剂元件22’、22”的收纳框体21’、21”,主体部31’、31”、前侧引导口部32’(32’a、32’b)、32”(32”a、32”b)及后侧引导口部(没有图示)的横截面形状分别做成三角形和梯形。另外,在主体部31’、31”上,形成有第一切口孔31’a、31”a及第二切口孔31’b、31”b。
接着,使用如下所述的实施例,对将上述催化剂单元12配置在圆筒形的容器主体11内的模式进行说明。
(实施例1)
在实施例1中,对如下模式进行说明:在圆筒形的容器主体11内,定向配置有横截面为正方形的收纳框体21的催化剂单元12和横截面为三角形、准确地说是直角三角形的收纳框体21(21’)的催化剂单元12。
即,如图6所示,在圆筒形的容器主体11的横截面上,设想与该容器主体11的圆形内面(内周圆)相接,并且上下左右对称的假想八边形S,在该假想八边形S内,设想基本集合截面(以影线表示)Q和多个三角形的辅助截面P2,所述基本集合截面Q将多个作为假想矩形划分部的正方形的基本截面P1叠置而得,所述多个三角形的辅助截面P2是在该基本集合截面Q与假想八边形(假想八边形的周边缘、即外形线)S之间形成的假想三角形划分部,而且,将催化剂单元12的收纳框体21形成为具有与上述设想的各截面P1、P2一致的横截面形状。
图6表示容器主体11的横截面中沿直径配置的基本截面P1为一列的情况。图7表示变形例1,其表示容器主体11的横截面中沿直径配置的基本截面P1为两列的情况。图8表示其他变形例,其表示容器主体11的横截面中沿直径配置的基本截面P1为三列的情况。当然,也并不限定于三列,根据需要可以增加。另外,在图7及图8中,P2表示辅助截面。当然,在这些各截面P1、P2上,配置与各个形状相对应的催化剂单元12。
(实施例2)
在实施例2中,对如下模式进行说明:在圆筒形的容器主体11内,定向配置有横截面为正方形的收纳框体21的催化剂单元12和横截面为梯形(准确地说,是梯形的一个侧边与底边的交角为90度的梯形)的收纳框体21(21”)的催化剂单元12。
即,如图9所示,在圆筒形的容器主体11的横截面上,设想与该容器主体11的圆形内面(内周圆)相接,并且上下左右对称的假想八边形S,在该假想八边形S内,设想基本集合截面(以影线表示)Q和多个梯形的辅助截面P2,所述基本集合截面Q并列设置多个正方形的基本截面P1而成,所述多个梯形的辅助截面P2形成在该基本集合截面Q与假想八边形(假想八边形的周边缘,即外形线)S之间。而且,将催化剂单元12的收纳框体21”形成为具有与上述各截面P1、P2一致的横截面形状。
在图9中表示如下模式:容器主体11的横截面中沿直径配置的正方形的基本截面P1在例如水平方向上以一列设置,并且,将形成在其上下的假想梯形部分在中央划分成两个,设置两个作为假想梯形划分部的辅助截面P2。
此外,作为变形例1,在图10中,容器主体11的横截面中沿直径配置的正方形的基本截面P1在上下设置两列,并且,进一步将形成在其上下及左右的假想梯形部分设想成在中央的基本截面P1和在其两侧的梯形的辅助截面P2。
此外,作为变形例2,在图11中表示如下模式:容器主体11的横截面中沿直径配置的正方形的基本截面P1在上下设置三列,并且,在其上下设置一列小的长方形的基本截面P1’,进一步将形成在其上下的假想梯形部分在中央划分成两个,设想两个作为假想梯形划分部的辅助截面P2。
此外,作为变形例3,在图12中表示如下模式:容器主体11的横截面中沿直径配置的多个(例如六个)正方形的基本截面P1在上下设置两列,在其上方同样配置的多个(例如三个)正方形的基本截面P1设置一列,进一步在其上下配置一个正方形的基本截面P1,将由这些基本截面P1形成的基本集合截面(以影线表示)Q与假想八边形S之间的部分作为辅助截面P2。
此外,作为变形例4,在图13中表示如下模式:在假想八边形S内,设想容器主体11的横截面中沿直径配置的正方形的基本截面P1在直径上为一列(例如七个),并且,在上下设想正方形的基本截面P1为一列(例如四个),此外,在其上下设想正方形的基本截面P1为一列(例如两个),进而,将由这些基本截面P1形成的基本集合截面(以影线表示)Q与假想八边形S之间的部分作为梯形的辅助截面P2。而且,进一步将容器主体11的圆形内面与假想八边形S之间的割圆形部分划分成多个、例如三个,设想一个长方形的基本截面P1’和在其两侧的梯形的辅助截面P2。
而且,为了将上述各收纳框体21固定在容器主体11内,如图14~图16所示,在其前后端面上,设置有用来阻止催化剂单元12移动的固定装置41。
该固定装置41由按压部件42和夹具43构成,所述按压部件42由沿催化剂单元12之间的接触部(边界部)例如配置成格子状,用来按压位于接触部两侧的催化剂单元12、12的线材(或板材)构成,所述夹具43设置在容器主体11侧,用来从外侧按压固定上述按压部件42。在该固定装置41上具备按压件44,所述按压件44从侧面按压配置在容器主体11内的催化剂单元12的收纳框体21,阻止其在半径方向上的移动。上述夹具43如图15所示,由支承用托架51和紧固螺栓53构成,所述支承用托架51立设在容器主体11的内面上,所述紧固螺栓53螺旋插入该支承用托架51中,并在前端设置有能够按压按压部件42的按压板52。在上述紧固螺栓53上,旋合有止动螺母54、55。此外,关于按压件44,也与夹具43相同,由支承用托架61、紧固螺栓63和止动螺母64、65构成,所述支承用托架61立设在容器主体11的内面上,所述紧固螺栓63螺旋插入该支承用托架61中,并在前端设置有能够按压收纳框体21侧面的按压板62。另外,图14所示的配置模式在容器主体11内设想19个(3列×5个或5列×3个)的基本截面P1和由两种梯形构成的12个辅助截面P2、P2’。当然,可以根据催化剂单元12的配置模式来设定夹具43的按压部件42的形状。
因此,在将催化剂单元12向容器主体11内设置的情况下,将催化剂单元12全部配置在容器主体11内,首先用按压件44固定容器主体11内的催化剂单元12的侧面。
接着,在该状态下,将按压部件42配置在催化剂单元12的前面侧及后面侧,并且使其与收纳框体21接触,之后通过旋转夹具43的紧固螺栓54,用按压板53按压按压部件42,在前后方向上固定即可。另外,关于该格子状的按压部件42,根据需要可以做成分割结构。
根据上述各实施例的结构,由于将圆筒形的容器主体内部划分成多个假想的划分部,并且在这些各划分部内,配置将催化剂元件插入收纳框体内而成的催化剂单元,因此与以往那样,将由陶瓷片卷成圆筒状而成的催化剂元件切断成多个,并将该切断后的催化剂元件装入容器内的现有技术不同,其组装变得容易,并且能够防止催化剂元件自身的偏离。因此,即使在将脱硝装置设置在来自发生振动的船舶用柴油发动机的废气路径上的这种情况下,也能够得到耐久性,并且并不需要如现有的催化剂单元的切断装置等。

Claims (4)

1.一种用于柴油发动机的废气脱硝装置,其特征在于,具有圆筒形容器主体,所述圆筒形容器主体引导来自柴油发动机的废气,并且内部配置有脱硝用催化剂元件;
在容器主体内配置多个由筒状收纳框体及配置在该收纳框体内的催化剂元件构成的催化剂单元;
在所述容器主体的横截面上,设想内接于该容器主体的上下左右对称的假想八边形,并且在该假想八边形内,设想多个假想矩形划分部,以及在这些各假想矩形划分部与假想八边形的外周线之间的多个假想三角形划分部和/或多个假想梯形划分部;
进而,形成配置所述催化剂元件的收纳框体,使其横截面与所述各划分部一致。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于柴油发动机的废气脱硝装置,其特征在于,收纳框体由筒状主体部、筒状前侧引导口部和筒状后侧引导口部构成,所述筒状主体部收纳催化剂元件,所述筒状前侧引导口部突出设置在该主体部的前方,具有小于所述主体部的口径,所述筒状后侧引导口部突出设置在所述主体部的后侧,能够嵌套在所述前侧引导口部上。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用于柴油发动机的废气脱硝装置,其特征在于,使配置在收纳框体内部的催化剂元件为在主体部的前方形成有空间部的长度,并且,在与该空间部对应的收纳框体的主体部侧壁上形成用来使废气通过的第一切口孔;
并且,通过这些第一切口孔,废气能够在邻接的收纳框体之间移动。
4.根据权利要求3所述的用于柴油发动机的废气脱硝装置,其特征在于,在收纳框体的主体部的与第一切口孔位置不同的侧壁上,形成用来减轻该收纳框体重量的第二切口孔,并且,在配置在主体部内的催化剂元件的与所述第二切口孔相对应的表面上,配置有用来保护催化剂元件的缓冲材料。
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