CN104082061A - Treatment method applicable to delayed harvesting of ice grapes in northeast China - Google Patents
Treatment method applicable to delayed harvesting of ice grapes in northeast China Download PDFInfo
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- CN104082061A CN104082061A CN201410329158.3A CN201410329158A CN104082061A CN 104082061 A CN104082061 A CN 104082061A CN 201410329158 A CN201410329158 A CN 201410329158A CN 104082061 A CN104082061 A CN 104082061A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a treatment method applicable to delayed harvesting of ice grapes in northeast China. The method comprises the steps that before fruiting branches are separated from main vines, boric acid, monopotassium phosphate and praline are sprayed on grape leaves, and the grapes are watered thoroughly once in the last ten-day period of September; in mid-to-late October, after the grape leaves wither completely for 8-10 days, the fruiting branches are sheared from the main vines, the two ends of each fruiting branch are respectively sleeved with a plastic bag, and grape berries can not be sleeved with bags; the fruiting branches sleeved with the bags are hung on grape trellises, the main vines are taken down from the grape trellises and laid on the ground for covering soil and conducting overwintering protection; the grape berries are aired according to changes of natural lighting and temperature; in the middle ten days of December, when the highest temperature is minus 8 DEG C and the lowest temperature is minus 18 DEG C, the grape berries are stabilized for 24-48 hours, and the grape berries on the fruiting branches are collected. By the adoption of the method, the harvesting time can be prolonged, the requirements of icewine brewing for quality of the grape berries are met, and the fruiting main vines can be protected to overwinter successfully.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the processing method that a kind of ice grape is gathered; be particularly related to a kind of applicable the Northeast and pluck the processing method of front and back for brewageing the raw material ice grape of ice wine; the application of the invention technology; reach and can meet the material quality requirement of brewageing ice-wine, can protect again the climing object of surviving the winter smoothly of grape master.
Background technology
The brew of ice wine is a meticulous process of a high price again of effort, because the grape sugar content of brew ice wine is very high, the fermentation of ice wine can need the time of some months to complete, it is many that this time more required than common wine is grown, and ice wine is different from other wine at the aspect such as different freezing modes and brewage process condition of liquor-making raw material when brewageing, make it have a kind of peculiar flavour, thereby be different from other wine.Drinking in recent years wine at home and abroad has become a kind of fashion, and ice wine is just becoming people's new consumption favourite due to its peculiar flavour having.Therefore there is huge market potential in ice wine industry, and its economic benefit prospect is that industry is attracted attention.
At present, the cultural area of the grape of universally acknowledged applicable wine brewing use is that latitude 40 is spent area along the line, left and right, to close on the hills of coastline or rivers and lakes and mountain area as good.Ice wine is a kind of in the time that temperature is lower, utilizes the wine of naturally freezing brewing grape on vine.Owing to being subject to the strict restriction of geographical environmental condition and physioclimate, only have in the world the small part area of the countries such as Canada, Germany, Austria can produce ice wine.Canada quality control system VQA vinous, strict regulations the producer's production procedure, ice wine must strictly be followed and use European old world grape variety or hybridization Vidal Blanc brewing grape, the interpolation of any extra sugar is all forbidden.Vidal Blanc grape is optimal one of the ice-wine raw material of brewageing, Vidal Blanc because of its cold resistance stronger, extensively plant in Canada, become Canadian significant grape variety.
The geographical environmental condition of some areas, three provinces in the northeast of China of China and natural climate condition are very close with the Canadian Vidal Blanc place of production, are applicable to its breeding, and meet ice grape growth and make the required rare weather of ice wine.Therefore in recent years,, in order to develop the ice wine industry of China, in Losses in Eastern Mountain Area of Liao Ning and the some areas in Jilin Province, a large amount of had introduced a fine variety Vidal Blanc grapes and had succeeded.But occurred a difficult problem picking time at grape, in normal management situation, two masters are climing in every strain vine reservation, and wherein one is that result master is climing, and it is climing that Second Year transfers nutrition master to; Another is climing for nutrition master, and it is climing that next year transfers result master to.After the climing grape maturity of annual bearing master, can not pluck immediately, need long-time retention in the tree, the Delayed harvest phase more than 40 days, brewages ice-wine requirement-10 DEG C and continues below to gather after 48h.In severe cold environment, whole freezing process of freezing and thaw can make grape become shrivelled, sugar, and tart flavour and elite are all concentrated, and at this time the grape of results can be used for making ice wine.Can survive the winter smoothly at the climing special protective measures of need not taking of Canadian place of production result master.But in the Northeast of China, because winter is cold dry, if take above-mentioned reservation grape to gather, although can meeting, grape quality brewages the requirement of ice wine on result master is climing to-10 DEG C of following 48h of continuing, but can cause the climing overwintering death of result master, Second Year cannot continue breeding.Area northeastward; the climing common way of surviving the winter of protection grape master is before frozen soil; by cold-proof to nutrition and the climing undercarriage ridging of result master; no person's overwintering death; Second Year can not be sprouted, cold-proof need to the carrying out in late October of main climing undercarriage ridging conventionally, and ice grape gather will be in early December; this just means after grape can not be deferred to-10 DEG C of following 48h of continuing gathers, and the grape of plucking so does not in advance reach the material quality requirement of brewageing ice wine.Simultaneously must be naturally freezing in vineyard for the grape material of brew ice wine, instead of artificially freezing, no person cannot reach requirement.Adopted in the past and solve the method for an above-mentioned difficult problem to be that individual plant must retain 2 masters climing, the climing fruit of one of them result master was gathered in early December, another nutrition master is climing at late October undercarriage soil burial winter protection, result master is then climing cannot carry out soil burial winter protection and overwintering death, Second Year utilizes a new master of plant root turion cultivation climing early spring, carries out rotation result pattern.Although this way can reach requirement, but it is climing all will to utilize vine root turion to cultivate a new master every year, this new nutrition master who cultivates is climing, and to be transformed into result master climing, main climing diameter must reach certain standard and could meet the requirement of yielding positive results, utilize plant root turion to cultivate a climing time that need to be longer of new nutrition master, and consume a large amount of nutrients, with the climing meeting of stylish nutrition master and the climing contention nutrient of result master, thereby affect climing the blossoming and bearing fruit of result master, cause vintage and Quality Down, simultaneously also can owing to cultivating, climing needs of new master enrich a large amount of fertilizer and moisture supplements, making administrative expenses increase cost raises, and grape master is climing generally just can reach the full bearing period more than 3 years, said method is just freezed to death every master for climing 2 years, causes vine can not reach all the time the full bearing period, has a strong impact on vintage.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the above problems, the invention provides one and can extend picking time, meet ice liquor brewing quality requirement, can protect again the processing method of the climing a kind of applicable the Northeast ice grape Delayed harvest of surviving the winter smoothly of result master.
The technical solution used in the present invention is as follows: the processing method of a kind of applicable the Northeast ice grape Delayed harvest, and method is as follows:
1. result branch and the processing of leading before climing separation:
1.1) spray boric acid: before blooming at the beginning of 6 months, vine is carried out to foliage-spray 1 hypoborous acid; Preferably, boric acid concentration is 4-6 ‰;
1.2) spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate: grape foliage-spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate, spray altogether 3 times, for the first time early June grape spray flowering stage, for the second time early July fruit expanding period spray, spray in 9 fructescences at the end of month for the third time; Preferably, the concentration 4-5 ‰ of potassium dihydrogen phosphate;
1.3) spray proline: grape branch and foliage-spray proline, spray before frost occurs after 9 the end of month grape maturities for 8-10 days;
1.4) pour water: before late September, frost occurs, vine root is filled with to once permeable.
2. postpone to pluck to process:
2.1) result branch and main climing separation: in mid or late October, 8-10 days after grape leave is completely withered, retains at result branch base portion on the basis of 1-2 full bud, from the main climing result branch of cutting;
2.2) bagging: the bar plastic bag of diameter 3-4cm is punched every 10cm, aperture is 0.6-0.8cm, the result branch shearing off by bar plastic bag sleeve, and each branch is a plastic sack of each cover from two ends respectively, taking result place as boundary, grape fruit can not bagging;
2.3) hanger: the result branch after bagging is hung over above grape trellis, and adjacent two fruit bearing shoot stripe pitch are greater than 10cm;
2.4) lead climing earthing: carry out the earthing protection of surviving the winter, thickness of earth covering 20-30cm, width 90-100cm by cut the climing tiling ground of taking off of master after result branch above grape trellis;
2.5) undercarriage: rely on natural lighting and variations in temperature to carry out grape airing, to mid-December, when maximum temperature is subzero 8 DEG C, when lowest temperature is subzero 18 DEG C, stablize the grape fruit of collecting on result branch for 24-48 hour.
3. lead climing renewal
3.1) climing for 10 years above vine masters of growth, when its moisture and nutrient transport ability weaken gradually, when bearing capacity and production declining, lead climing renewal, remove from its base portion saw, again cultivate main climing.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1) climing the surviving the winter of protection vine master: adopt result branch and main climing isolation technics; can be in time before surviving the winter to the main climing earthing protection of carrying out, avoided main climing surviving the winter to freeze to death that the administrative expenses that bring increase and the not adverse effect of production declining up to standard etc. of main climing diameter.
2) ensured that ice grape extends the quality of plucking, reach the ice grape material standard-required of brew ice wine: by the grape of plucking after above band branch hanger airing in 40 days, the inspections of wine leading enterprise both at home and abroad such as opening of northeast is abundant through being introduced into, Tianjin imperial court, Wei Gena, Canadian Wieland, this grape dehydration reaches more than 35%, soluble solid content is more than 33%, titratable acid 1.08%-1.11%, go out fruit rate 58% left and right, can meet the material composition content requirement of brew ice wine.
3) grape single plant yield and soluble solid content have been improved: can make climing the surviving the winter for many years of grape master do not freezed to death by this method, facts have proved, grape master is climing generally just can reach the full bearing period more than life in 3 years, in addition the plumpness of using the percentage of fertile fruit and the fruit grain that have improved grape of micronutrient boron, using of phosphorus potash fertilizer improves the content of soluble sugar, thereby increased the content of vintage and soluble solid.
4) ensured that grape postpones moisture and the nutrient supply of picking period: phosphorus potash fertilizer and proline use the branch sleeve of plastic sack in addition, improve the physiological activity in branch body, improve drought resisting and the cold resistance of isolated shoot, thereby ensured moisture and nutrient supply that grape postpones the picking period.
5) the raw material processing of brewageing for ice-wine provides a kind of new method: area northeastward, the ice grape material that well-known grape wine factory of existing many families adopts this method to provide, brew ice Quality of Liquors is good, thereby plucks a kind of new method that provides for the delay of ice grape.
Embodiment
The processing method of a kind of applicable the Northeast of embodiment ice grape Delayed harvest
One, result branch and the treatment measures of leading before climing separation:
1. spray boric acid: before blooming at the beginning of 6 months, vine is carried out to foliage-spray 1 hypoborous acid, concentration is 4-6 ‰.The plumpness of using percentage of fertile fruit and the fruit grain that can improve grape of micronutrient boron.
2. spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate: grape foliage-spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate, concentration 4-5 ‰, sprays 3 times altogether, for the first time early June grape spray flowering stage, for the second time early July fruit expanding period spray, spray in 9 fructescences at the end of month for the third time.Using of phosphorus potash fertilizer can increase plant soluble sugar content and water content, improves the anti-adversity of plant, reduces and freezes non-irrigated degree.
3. spray proline: grape branch and foliage-spray proline, spray before concentration is 0.6-0.8mM proline solution frost occurs after 9 the end of month grape maturities for 8-10 days.Proline use drought resisting and the cold resistance that can improve isolated shoot.Note: above-mentioned three spray the time: after will being chosen at 5 in afternoon when fine day or before at 9 in the morning, the cloudy day can whole day fertilising, before avoiding rainfall and fertilising when illumination is strong, while spraying, solution will be sprayed on the tow sides of blade, is conducive to plant and absorbs.
4. pour water: vine root is filled with to once permeable before late September, frost occurs, make its main climing and grape branch contain sufficient moisture.
Two, postpone the processing mode of harvesting:
1. result branch and main climing separation: in mid or late October, 8-10 days after grape leave is completely withered, retains at fruit bearing shoot base portion on the basis of 1-2 full bud, from the main climing result branch of cutting, has 1-2 string grape on general each branch.
2. bagging: every one of 10cm punching, aperture is 0.6-0.8cm by the bar plastic bag of diameter 3-4cm.The result branch shearing off by bar plastic bag sleeve, each branch is a plastic sack of each cover from two ends respectively, and taking result place as boundary, grape fruit can not bagging.The object of punching is for ventilative, is conducive to the breathing of branch.
3. hanger: the result branch after bagging is hung over above the grape trellis that 1.8-2m is high, and adjacent two branch spacing are greater than 10cm, to ensure ventilation and the illumination of grape under natural environment.
4. lead climing earthing: carry out the earthing protection of surviving the winter, thickness of earth covering 20-30cm, width 90-100cm by cut the climing tiling ground of taking off of master after fruit bearing shoot above grape trellis.
5. undercarriage: rely on natural lighting and variations in temperature to carry out grape airing, to 12 the middle ten days, when the highest temperature is subzero 8 DEG C, when lowest temperature is subzero 18 DEG C, stablize collection in 24-48 hour.
Three, lead climing renewal
1. climing for 10 years above vine masters of growth, when its moisture and nutrient transport ability weaken gradually, when bearing capacity and production declining, lead climing renewal, remove from its base portion saw, again cultivate main climing.
The Vidal Blanc grape of several ten thousand mu of introducing a fine variety for multiple small towns of Manchu Autonomous County of Juanren, Liaoning Province, all adopt said method in the delay picking period, the ice grape material brew ice wine that the subsidiary factory that domestic and international well-known grape wine factory sets up in locality adopts said method to provide more, ice Quality of Liquors is good, is subject to domestic and international consumer's favorable comment.
Claims (4)
1. a processing method for applicable the Northeast ice grape Delayed harvest, is characterized in that method is as follows:
1) result branch and the processing of leading before climing separation: grape leave is sprayed to boric acid, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and proline; Before late September, frost occurs, vine root is filled with to once permeable;
2) postpone to pluck processing:
2.1) result branch and main climing separation: in mid or late October, 8-10 days after grape leave is completely withered, retains at result branch base portion on the basis of 1-2 full bud, from the main climing result branch of cutting;
2.2) bagging: the bar plastic bag of diameter 3-4cm is punched every 10cm, aperture is 0.6-0.8cm, the result branch shearing off by bar plastic bag sleeve, and each result branch is a plastic sack of each cover from two ends respectively, taking result place as boundary, grape fruit can not bagging;
2.3) hanger: the result branch after bagging is hung over above grape trellis, and adjacent two fruit bearing shoot stripe pitch are greater than 10cm;
2.4) lead climing earthing: carry out the earthing protection of surviving the winter, thickness of earth covering 20-30cm, width 90-100cm by cut the climing tiling ground of taking off of master after result branch above grape trellis;
2.5) undercarriage: rely on natural lighting and variations in temperature to carry out grape airing, to mid-December, when maximum temperature is subzero 8 DEG C, when minimum temperature is subzero 18 DEG C, stablize the grape fruit of collecting on result branch for 24-48 hour.
2. the processing method of a kind of applicable the Northeast as claimed in claim 1 ice grape Delayed harvest, characterized by further comprising:
3) lead climing renewal: 10 years above vine masters are climing for growth, when its moisture and nutrient transport ability weaken gradually, when bearing capacity and production declining, lead climing renewal, remove from its base portion saw, again cultivate main climing.
3. the processing method of a kind of applicable the Northeast as claimed in claim 1 ice grape Delayed harvest, is characterized in that: step 1) result branch with the processing before main climing separation is:
1.1) spray boric acid: before blooming at the beginning of 6 months, vine is carried out to foliage-spray 1 hypoborous acid;
1.2) spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate: grape foliage-spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate, spray altogether 3 times, for the first time early June grape spray flowering stage, for the second time early July fruit expanding period spray, spray in 9 fructescences at the end of month for the third time;
1.3) spray proline: grape branch and foliage-spray proline, spray before frost occurs after 9 the end of month grape maturities for 8-10 days;
1.4) pour water: before late September, frost occurs, vine root is filled with to once permeable.
4. the processing method of a kind of applicable the Northeast ice grape Delayed harvest as described in claim 1,2 or 3, it is characterized in that: by weight percentage, described boric acid concentration is 4-6 ‰, and the concentration of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 4-5 ‰, and the concentration of proline is 0.6-0.8mM.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104686279A (en) * | 2015-03-24 | 2015-06-10 | 何涛 | Fresh keeping method of live grape plant |
| CN109220468A (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2019-01-18 | 安贵阳 | The method of fruit is stayed on a kind of apple ice liquor raw material tree |
| CN110679381A (en) * | 2019-11-25 | 2020-01-14 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Cultivation method for keeping grape on tree for preservation |
| CN111990036A (en) * | 2020-09-16 | 2020-11-27 | 李前进 | Fertilizer and water management method for delayed harvest of wine-making apples |
| CN112166774A (en) * | 2020-10-15 | 2021-01-05 | 咸阳职业技术学院 | Method for delaying harvesting of sunshine muscat |
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| CN101288375A (en) * | 2008-05-22 | 2008-10-22 | 辽宁太阳谷庄园葡萄酒业有限公司 | Ice grape planting process |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104686279A (en) * | 2015-03-24 | 2015-06-10 | 何涛 | Fresh keeping method of live grape plant |
| CN109220468A (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2019-01-18 | 安贵阳 | The method of fruit is stayed on a kind of apple ice liquor raw material tree |
| CN109220468B (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2021-04-06 | 安贵阳 | Method for retaining fruits on apple ice wine raw material tree |
| CN110679381A (en) * | 2019-11-25 | 2020-01-14 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Cultivation method for keeping grape on tree for preservation |
| CN111990036A (en) * | 2020-09-16 | 2020-11-27 | 李前进 | Fertilizer and water management method for delayed harvest of wine-making apples |
| CN112166774A (en) * | 2020-10-15 | 2021-01-05 | 咸阳职业技术学院 | Method for delaying harvesting of sunshine muscat |
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| CN104082061B (en) | 2015-12-30 |
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