CN104040137A - 用于内燃机的预燃室系统 - Google Patents

用于内燃机的预燃室系统 Download PDF

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CN104040137A
CN104040137A CN201280064201.7A CN201280064201A CN104040137A CN 104040137 A CN104040137 A CN 104040137A CN 201280064201 A CN201280064201 A CN 201280064201A CN 104040137 A CN104040137 A CN 104040137A
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precombustion chamber
guiding device
gas
chamber system
combustion engine
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F·杜姆泽
F·贝克尔
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Innio Jenbacher GmbH and Co OG
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GE Jenbacher GmbH and Co OHG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B19/00—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers
    • F02B19/12—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with positive ignition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B19/00—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers
    • F02B19/08—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers the chamber being of air-swirl type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B19/00—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers
    • F02B19/10—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder
    • F02B19/1004—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder details of combustion chamber, e.g. mounting arrangements
    • F02B19/1014—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder details of combustion chamber, e.g. mounting arrangements design parameters, e.g. volume, torch passage cross sectional area, length, orientation, or the like
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B19/00—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers
    • F02B19/10—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder
    • F02B19/1019—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder with only one pre-combustion chamber
    • F02B19/1023—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder with only one pre-combustion chamber pre-combustion chamber and cylinder being fed with fuel-air mixture(s)
    • F02B19/1071—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder with only one pre-combustion chamber pre-combustion chamber and cylinder being fed with fuel-air mixture(s) pre-combustion chamber having only one orifice,(i.e. an orifice by means of which it communicates with the cylinder); the intake system comprising two distinct intake conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B19/00—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers
    • F02B19/16—Chamber shapes or constructions not specific to sub-groups F02B19/02 - F02B19/10
    • F02B19/18—Transfer passages between chamber and cylinder
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02M21/0248—Injectors
    • F02M21/0281—Adapters, sockets or the like to mount injection valves onto engines; Fuel guiding passages between injectors and the air intake system or the combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P13/00—Sparking plugs structurally combined with other parts of internal-combustion engines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/30—Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

用于内燃机的预燃室系统(1)，包括：-具有壁(3)的预燃室(2)，-具有至少一个电极(13)的火花塞(4)，-气体引入装置(5)、特别是气阀，-将气体引入装置(5)与预燃室(2)经由通入开口(6)连接的气体通道(7)，-用于将预燃室(2)与内燃机的燃烧室连接的上升通道(8)，-用于影响气体在预燃室(2)中流动的引导装置(9)，其中，所述引导装置(9)相邻于通入开口(6)这样设置，使得在运行中通过引导装置(9)减少热气体的到达火花塞4的电极(13)上的体积流量，所述热气体通过上升通道(8)流入到预燃室(2)中。

Description

用于内燃机的预燃室系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有权利要求1的前序部分的特征的用于内燃机的预燃室系统以及一种包括这样的预燃室系统的内燃机、特别是燃气奥托发动机。
背景技术
在从确定的结构尺寸开始的内燃机中使用扫气的预燃室系统，所述预燃室系统的任务是，使内燃机的燃烧室这样点火，使得实现理想的燃烧。在此，在内燃机的进气冲程期间通过气体引入装置将确定的气体量添加给预燃室。
同时将过化学计量的气体-空气-混合物输送给燃烧室。过化学计量的混合物通过连通的转移开口(上升通道)在压缩冲程期间流入到预燃室中并且在那里与纯气体混合成大致化学计量的混合物(λ＝1)。
不过在气体-空气-混合物与纯气体混匀之后会留下如下的局部区域，在所述局部区域中纯气体仅非常少地与过化学计量的气体-空气-混合物混合。该部分均质化的混合物通过火花塞点火。燃烧的热气体由于压力加高而通过连通的转移开口(上升通道)流入到内燃机的燃烧室中并且导致该燃烧室点火。
这样的系统不利的是一方面在所谓的损失容积中倾向于产生积炭，所述损失容积为如下容积，在所述容积中混匀仅不充分地进行，和另一方面不利的是火花塞的电极通过热的燃烧气体强烈地热负荷。
包括引导装置的预燃室系统由现有技术已知并且用于不同的目的(参见例如US4,467,759或US4,095,565)。
发明内容
本发明的任务在于，在同类型的预燃室系统或内燃机中延长火花塞的使用寿命。
该任务通过一种具有权利要求1的特征的预燃室系统或一种包括这种预燃室系统的内燃机来解决。
本发明有利的实施形式在从属权利要求中定义。
所述引导装置相邻于用于气态燃料的通入开口这样设置，使得在运行中通过引导装置在火花塞的电极的区域中减少通过上升通道到达预燃室中的热气体的体积流量，所述设置引起火花塞的使用寿命的延长，因为这样到火花塞的电极上的热量输入减少并且较冷的电极导致延长的平均火花塞使用寿命。
如果规定：在所述火花塞和引导装置之间，在预燃室的壁中设置有孔，预燃室的处于火花塞和引导装置之间的部分容积通过所述孔与气体通道连接，则由气体引入装置引入到气体通道中并且通过所述孔到达所述部分容积中的冷的新鲜气体可以直接在火花塞的电极旁流过，这有效地冷却所述电极。此外阻止提高的积炭形成。
如果规定：所述引导装置处于气体通道的通入开口和上升通道之间，则也可以在预燃室的壁中没有孔的情况下确保，来自气体通道的冷的新鲜气体掠过火花塞的电极。但在这种情况下，引导装置应该具有将气体通道的通入开口与上升通道连接的通孔。这样确保，从气体通道排出的新鲜气体可以无阻碍地流入到预燃室中。通过所述通孔朝向气体通道的定向，可以在燃烧之前的压缩阶段期间在气体通道上游和气体通道中支持贫氧的(mager)气体-空气-混合物流入到损失容积中，这导致与新鲜气体更好的均质化并且这样减少损失容积中的积炭产生。
原则上可以规定，所述引导装置与预燃室的壁构成为一件式的。
但也可以规定，所述引导装置紧固在预燃室的壁上。为此目的，所述引导装置可以具有环形的区段，引导装置通过所述区段紧固、例如压入或置入在预燃室的壁上。
按照本发明的内燃机特别是涉及固定的内燃机、优选(特别是固定的)燃气奥托发动机。
附图说明
本发明其他的优点和细节借助附图以及附属的对附图的说明得出。在此图中：
图1示出按照本发明的预燃室系统的透视的剖视图；
图2a至2c示出本发明的三个实施例，其中，图2a的变型方案对应于图1的变型方案；
图3a和3b示出在根据图2c的实施例的按照本发明的预燃室系统中的流动情况的视图；以及
图4示出图2b的细节的透视图。
具体实施方式
在图1中示出按照本发明的预燃室系统1的第一实施例。在此，预燃室2通过壁3形成并且通过上升通道8与内燃机的未示出的燃烧室能连接或在装配状态中连接。上升通道8不对称地通入到预燃室2中，由此确保，构成所谓的滚流流动14(参见图3b)。
在井筒4'中，可以将在图1中未示出的火花塞4(但参见图3)装入到预燃室系统1中。一个气体通道7将在图1中未示出的引入装置5(但参见图2a)经由通入开口6与预燃室2连接。在预燃室系统1中相邻于通入开口6设置有一个引导装置9。在引导装置9上方，一个孔10设置在预燃室2的壁3中，所述孔建立至气体通道7的连接。
孔10确保，来自气体通道7的新鲜气体可以流入到引导装置9上方的区域中并且通过引导装置9到达火花塞4的在图1中未示出的电极13(参见图3)，以便有效地冷却所述电极。
在图2a中再一次示出图1的预燃室系统1，其中，但这里可看出以气阀形式的气体引入装置5。
在按照图2b的变型方案中，引导装置9不是如在图1和2a中的情况那样与预燃室2的壁3构成为一件式的。在该实施例中(并且也在图2c的实施例中)，引导装置9紧固在预燃室2的壁3上。为此目的，引导装置9具有一个环形的区段11，所述引导装置通过该区段夹紧(图2b的变型方案)或压入(图2c的变型方案)在预燃室的壁3上。
图2b和2c的变型方案与图1和2a的变型方案之间的另一个区别在于，在图2b和2c的变型方案中，引导装置9设置在气体通道7的通入开口6和上升通道8之间。这样可以省去在图1和2a中示出的附加的孔10。但为了确保足够的新鲜气体可以流入到预燃室2中，引导装置9配设有通孔12。在图3a中关于图2c的变型方案示出关于新鲜气体的这样产生的流动情况。通过气体引入装置5引入到气体通道7中的新鲜气体的流15以部分流15a和部分流15b表示，前者流过火花塞4的电极13并且后者通过通孔12流入到预燃室2中。
要注意的是，在图3a中示出扫气阶段并且在图3b中示出内燃机的压缩阶段(压缩冲程)。
图4对于如下实施例示出环形的区段11连同引导装置9的透视图，在所述实施例中，引导装置9紧固在预燃室2的壁3上并且不与预燃室2构成为一件式的。

Claims (11)

1.用于内燃机的预燃室系统(1)，包括：
-具有壁(3)的预燃室(2)，
-具有至少一个电极(13)的火花塞(4)，
-气体引入装置(5)、特别是气阀，
-将气体引入装置(5)与预燃室(2)经由通入开口(6)连接的气体通道(7)，
-用于将预燃室(2)与内燃机的燃烧室连接的上升通道(8)，
-用于影响气体在预燃室(2)中流动的引导装置(9)，
其特征在于，所述引导装置(9)相邻于通入开口(6)这样设置，使得在运行中通过引导装置(9)减少热气体的到达火花塞(4)的电极(13)上的体积流量，所述热气体通过上升通道(8)流入到预燃室(2)中。
2.按照权利要求1所述的预燃室系统，其特征在于，在所述火花塞(4)和引导装置(9)之间，在预燃室(2)的壁(3)中设置有孔(10)，预燃室(2)的处于火花塞(4)和引导装置(9)之间的部分容积通过所述孔与气体通道(7)连接。
3.按照权利要求1或2所述的预燃室系统，其特征在于，所述引导装置(9)相邻于通入开口(6)地设置。
4.按照权利要求1至3之一所述的预燃室系统，其特征在于，所述引导装置(9)构成为大致与预燃室轴线成直角伸到预燃室(2)中的凸出部。
5.按照权利要求1至4之一所述的预燃室系统，其特征在于，所述引导装置(9)在气体通道(7)的通入开口(6)和火花塞(4)之间延伸到预燃室(2)中。
6.按照权利要求1至4之一所述的预燃室系统，其特征在于，所述引导装置(9)处于气体通道(7)的通入开口(6)和上升通道(8)之间，并且具有将通入开口(6)与上升通道(8)连接的通孔(12)。
7.按照权利要求1至6之一所述的预燃室系统，其特征在于，所述引导装置(9)与预燃室(2)的壁(3)构成为一件式的。
8.按照权利要求1至7之一所述的预燃室系统，其特征在于，所述引导装置(9)紧固在预燃室(2)的壁(3)上。
9.按照权利要求8所述的预燃室系统，其特征在于，所述引导装置(9)具有环形的区段(11)，所述引导装置通过所述区段紧固、优选压入或置入预燃室(2)的壁(3)上。
10.按照权利要求1至9之一所述的预燃室系统，其特征在于，所述气体通道(7)至少局部地在预燃室(2)的壁(3)的附近延伸，并且所述引导装置(9)在气体通道(7)的高度中延伸到预燃室(2)中。
11.包括按照权利要求1至10之一所述的预燃室系统(1)的内燃机，其中，所述预燃室系统(1)的上升通道(8)与内燃机的燃烧室连接。
CN201280064201.7A 2011-12-28 2012-06-29 用于内燃机的预燃室系统 Pending CN104040137A (zh)

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US20220056836A1 (en) * 2018-12-21 2022-02-24 Innio Jenbacher Gmbh & Co Og Cylinder head for an internal combustion engine
US20220074341A1 (en) * 2018-12-21 2022-03-10 Innio Jenbacher Gmbh & Co Og Cylinder head for an internal combustion engine
CN115095463A (zh) * 2022-06-22 2022-09-23 中山大学 一种可适配多种试验器的射流点火装置

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