CN104025959A - Method for improving propagation coefficient of avocados - Google Patents
Method for improving propagation coefficient of avocados Download PDFInfo
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- CN104025959A CN104025959A CN201410202629.4A CN201410202629A CN104025959A CN 104025959 A CN104025959 A CN 104025959A CN 201410202629 A CN201410202629 A CN 201410202629A CN 104025959 A CN104025959 A CN 104025959A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving the propagation coefficient of avocados. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps of (1) selection of fruits, (2) selection of seeds, (3) sectioning of the seeds, (4) planting and management, (5) prevention and treatment of plant diseases and insect pests, and (6) sprout surviving situations. According to the method for improving the propagation coefficient of the avocados, four different processing modes of full nucleus processing, 1/2 nucleus processing, 1/4 nucleus processing and 1/6 nucleus processing are adopted for the seeds of the avocados, comparison and analysis are carried out on germination rates, the number of obtained seedling plants, growth amount of overground parts of seedlings and growth amount of underground parts of seedlings, the seeds processed through the 1/2 nucleus processing, the 1/4 nucleus processing and the 1/6 nucleus processing are high in germination rate and seedling obtaining rate and good in seedling quality, the seed utilizing rate can be effectively improved in the mentioned aspects and the like, and normal growth of the seedlings in a later period is guaranteed.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to biological technical field, specifically, relate to a kind of method that improves avocado reproduction coefficient.
Background technology
Avocado (Persea Americana Mill) claim again avocado.Originate in Sino-U.S. and Mexico's humid region, belong to the torrid zone, the famous and precious fruit tree in subtropics.Avocado is of high nutritive value, and health-care effect is good, and with regard to world wide, the staple market of avocado is in the area economically developed, educational level is higher, and the area of world's cultivation avocado is in continuous growth.The performance of avocado market conditions is good, and the price of Haas avocado in 2013 is 9～14 Euros/kg, and the price of green fuerte is 8.5～9.5 Euros/kg.Along with the cognition to avocado with people that improves constantly of social life level, supply falls short of demand for product, and in China, development avocado is also imperative.Though China introduces a fine variety, plants experimentally avocado, having decades historical, is the kind of growing directly from seeds due to what introduce a fine variety, and product are shoddy, yield poorly, and does not obtain large-scale production operation all the time, and national cultivated area is no more than 6000 mu.And the deficiency of seed resource will have a strong impact on its development speed.Thus, find and improve avocado seminal propagation number, the index of suitable avocado vertical profile is extremely urgent.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to current avocado seed resource not enough, the problem that reproduction coefficient is not high, a kind of method that improves avocado reproduction coefficient is provided, by the avocado vertical profile seed law, observe and process the germination of seed and the upgrowth situation of seedling, and more different difference between cuing open method and contrasting, to finding, improve avocado seminal propagation number, the index of suitable avocado vertical profile.
The solution of the present invention is by such realization: a kind of method that improves avocado reproduction coefficient, comprises the following steps:
(1) selection of fruit:
Selection has 6 years bear fruit above, whole plant have no mechanical damage and the Avocado of damage by disease and insect for plucking the maternal plant of fruit; Fruit being plucked in first 2～3 days of fruit maturation, after harvesting, store, crossed after 2～3 days, the pericarp of fruit yellow thoroughly after, choose without damage by disease and insect, fruit shape completely, uniform fruit is standby.Employing has 6 years above trees that bear fruit, and compared with prior art, has 6 years above bearing fruit trees and has had anti-certain ripe disease, stem disease, anthracnose, the wheel branch spore resistances against diseases such as disease of here withering of bursting, and the fruit quality of bearing is good; Before fruit maturation, pluck, store with the complete fruit of shape and can prevent fruit rot, affect the quality of seed; The fruit size homogeneous of selecting can reduce the inhomogenous probability of seed size.
(2) selection of seed:
Standby fruit is removed to pericarp, after washing by rubbing with the hands totally, utilize wet cleaning process that the seed floating on the surface is removed, select full, undamaged seed standby.Employing is chosen seeds with wet cleaning process after washing by rubbing with the hands again, compared with prior art, first seed is cleaned up and makes seed quality true, reduces the error of wet cleaning process, increases the authenticity of test data.
(3) processing of seed:
Standby seed is cleaned to water temperature and reduces to 15～35 ℃ with warm water, then put into 1000 times of immersion bubbles of 1000 times of liquid+5.5% formalin dilutions of 50% thiophanate methyl dilution carries out disinfection for 1～2 hour, use again sterile water wash seed 2～3 times, obtain sterile seed, then naturally dry standby; Adopt the method for using again aseptic water washing after medicining liquid dipping sterilization, compared with prior art, have the advantages that do not bring bacterium after sterilization into.If clean with clear water, the bacterium carrying in clear water is many, can reduce the effect of sterilization, if sterilized, does not rinse, and thimerosal becomes fragile the surface that covers seed by seed.
(4) seed dissects:
Seed after above-mentioned drying is dissectd to 1/6 core～1/2 core; Then with the gibberellin of 0.01%～0.015% concentration, soak 1～2 hour, after pulling out, the polyethylene glycol by 0.5%～2.50% concentration soaks 1～2 hour again, finally uses Seed soaking 2～3 hours again; Adopt gibberellin to soak the growth that the seed dissecing can promote plant, improve the speed of emergence of avocado, polyethylene glycol has the effect that improves avocado percentage of seedgermination, utilizes the acting in conjunction of both medicaments to be all improved the germination vigor of avocado, germination rate and plant height.
(5) Cultivate administration:
Spacing in the rows that the seed dissecing be take on husky bed is sowed as 15～30cm * 15～30cm, last covered one deck hay; After planting every 1 day, watering 1 time, keeping husky bed humidity; When avocado seedling grows from Shamian Island 3～4cm, hay is opened, water and be spaced apart 2 days 1 time; With hay, cover and can provide good environmental temperature to seed, can play insulation, moisturizing, fertilizer conservation, keep away high light, the weeds and reduce damage by disease and insect texts of going out, be conducive to the growth of seed, seed is germinateed fast.After seed sprouting, open hay, allow seedling fully absorb sunlight, be conducive to seedling and carry out photosynthesis, promote the root growth of seedling.
(6) control of damage by disease and insect:
After opening 5～7 days of hay, to husky bed, spray 2000 times of 1000 times of liquid of liquid+15% dicofols dilution of 1～2 time 20% Rogor dilution or 500 times of liquid of 30% carbendazol wettable powder dilution, every two weeks, spray once;
(7) germinate and survive situation:
In plantation, after 3～6 weeks, germinate, from 6th～10 weeks, reach germination peak period, the number of blade reaches 5～9, and plant height reaches 10～15cm, and stem slightly reaches 0.3～0.6cm, main root length reaches 20～25cm, lateral root number reaches 12～18, and main root rugosity reaches 0.2～0.5cm, and root system progression reaches 2～4, the leaf look of bud is light green, and bud seedling is healthy;
As further illustrating, it is respectively 1/2 core, 1/4 core and 1/6 core to be randomly drawed to 30 strain seedling that this germination survives in situation, and less than 30 strains, all select, and reduces error.With steel ruler, measure plant height, thick with vernier caliper measurement stem.The difference that stem is thick is smaller, uses slide measure to survey more accurate, so just has comparativity.While surveying plant height, more than 5CM start record, the plant below 5CM wouldn't be noted down.Plant height refers to the distance from plant rhizome portion (being husky bed surface) to grown on top point, and stem is slightly the rugosity of the stem of the about 2CM eminence of the husky bed surface of span.Main root length refers to the distance from embryo to main root growing point.Main root rugosity refers to from the rugosity of place, embryo 5CM left and right main root.Lateral root number refers to the quantity of one-level lateral root.
General plotting of the present invention is: utilize the seed that the fruit on avocado result elite stand existing in border of the county, existing Longzhou is test, by full core, 1/2 core, 1/4 core and the 1/6 core vertical profile avocado seed law are carried out germination test, again according to the seed sprouting number of sowing record in 60 days, the number of blade of seedling, plant height, stem is thick, main root length, main root rugosity, lateral root number and root system progression, to the 1. relation of four different disposal groups and avocado seed germinating time, 2. four different disposal groups and germination rate, obtain the relation of seedling strain number, 3. different vertical profiles are processed the impact on avocado seedling acrial part, 4. different vertical profiles are processed this 4 relations that affect on the growth of avocado seedlings root, find and improve avocado seminal propagation number, the index of suitable avocado vertical profile.
In the present invention, as further illustrating, described fruit is the fruit on avocado result elite stand existing in border of the county, Longzhou.
In the present invention, as further illustrating, the temperature of described storage is 15 ℃～20 ℃, and the humidity of storage is 55%～65%.
In the present invention, as further illustrating, the number of times that described warm water cleans is 2～3 times.
In the present invention, as further illustrating, the described time of drying is 20～50min.
In the present invention, as further illustrating, described 1/2 core is that most advanced and sophisticated the putting down of seed cut to a cutter, then cuts open from seed center; Described 1/4 core is along vertical line center, to cut open a cutter on the basis of 1/2 core again; Described 1/6 core is on the basis of 1/2 core, to take hatching line center, as benchmark cuts open two cuttves again, seed is on average cutd open into 6 parts; Each piece in described 1/2 core, 1/4 core and 1/6 core cuts open sheet all with a part of embryo in seed.
In the present invention, as further illustrating, described in time of watering be 6～7 o'clock of morning; Described husky bed humidity is 50～80%; The temperature of husky bed is controlled at 20 ℃～35 ℃.
In the present invention, as further illustrating, described sowing is by seed afterbody upward, then covers the husky the surface of the seed 2～3cm of surpassing.
In the present invention, as further illustrating, described husky bed carries out disinfection with 0.1% potassium permanganate, can reduce the pollution of wound after seed vertical profile, reduces external factor impact, the seedling rate of sending out in guarantee test and obtain the accuracy of seedling rate.
In the present invention, thiophanate methyl, formalin, Rogor, dicofol, carbendazol wettable powder and potassium permanganate all can bought and obtain on the market.
Outstanding substantive distinguishing features of the present invention and marked improvement are:
1. the present invention carries out germination test by full core, 1/2 core, 1/4 core and the 1/6 core vertical profile avocado seed law.Result shows: the seed after vertical profile is processed, and its germination rate, seedling growth reduce along with cuing open the increase of sheet number, and obtaining seedling number increases along with cuing open the increase of sheet number, but cuts open sheet number and seedling quality is negative correlation.Comprehensive, to process with 1/4 core best results.
2. the present invention adopts and has the fruit that the more than 6 years trees that bears fruit is born, and guarantees fruit quality; By storing timely, select uniform fruit, to guarantee the quality of seed; Seed after selecting wet cleaning process to peeling is deleted choosing, has further improved the quality of seed; Employing hay covers, and good growing environment is provided, and shortens the germinating time of avocado seed, reaches the object of Fast-propagation.
3. through test, show that a kind of method that improves avocado reproduction coefficient that the present invention sets up can provide the method for the breeding avocado seedling that a kind of cycle is short, reproduction rate is high, with low cost.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is one embodiment of the invention avocado seed vertical profile method schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is one embodiment of the invention different disposal seedlings root condition diagram.
Embodiment
Below by specific embodiment, further illustrate the present invention, so that advantages and features of the invention are easier to be understood, it should be understood that embodiments of the invention are only used for the present invention, rather than limitation of the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
A method that improves avocado reproduction coefficient, comprises the following steps:
(1) selection of fruit:
Selection has the fruit on avocado result elite stand existing in the border of the county, Longzhou of bearing fruit above in 6 years, and whole plant has no mechanical damage and the Avocado of damage by disease and insect is the maternal plant of plucking fruit; Fruit being plucked in first 3 days of fruit maturation, after harvesting, in temperature, be 20 ℃, under the condition that humidity is 65%, store after 3 days, the pericarp of fruit yellow thoroughly after, choose without damage by disease and insect, fruit shape completely, uniform fruit is standby;
(2) selection of seed:
Standby fruit is removed to pericarp, after washing by rubbing with the hands totally, utilize wet cleaning process that the seed floating on the surface is removed, select full, undamaged seed standby;
(3) processing of seed:
Standby seed is cleaned 3 times with warm water, reduce to 35 ℃ to water temperature at every turn, then put into 1000 times of immersion bubbles of 1000 times of liquid+5.5% formalin dilutions of 50% thiophanate methyl dilution carries out disinfection for 2 hours, use again sterile water wash seed 3 times, obtain sterile seed, then naturally dry 50min standby;
(4) seed dissects:
Seed after above-mentioned drying is dissectd to 1/6 core～1/2 core; Then with the gibberellin of 0.01% concentration, soak 2 hours, after pulling out, the polyethylene glycol by 2.50% concentration soaks 2 hours again, finally uses Seed soaking 2 hours again;
(5) Cultivate administration:
The spacing in the rows of take on husky bed by the seed dissecing after 0.1% potassium permanganate sterilization is sowed as 15cm * 15cm, last covered one deck hay; After planting every 1 day, watering at 6 o'clock 1 time in the morning, is under the condition of 20 ℃ in temperature, and keeping husky bed humidity is 50%; When avocado seedling grows from Shamian Island 4cm, hay is opened, water and be spaced apart 2 days 1 time;
(6) control of damage by disease and insect:
After opening 5 days of hay, to husky bed, spray 1000 times of liquid of 2000 times of liquid+15% dicofols dilutions of 2 times 20% Rogor dilutions, every two weeks, spray once;
(7) germinate and survive situation:
In plantation, after 3～5 weeks, germinate, from 6th～8 weeks, reach germination peak period, the number of blade reaches 5～8, and plant height reaches 10～14cm, and stem slightly reaches 0.3～0.5cm, main root length reaches 20～22cm, lateral root number reaches 12～15, and main root rugosity reaches 0.2～0.4cm, and root system progression reaches 2～3, the leaf look of bud is light green, and bud seedling is healthy.
Embodiment 2:
As different from Example 1:
(1) selection of fruit:
Fruit being plucked in first 2 days of fruit maturation, after harvesting, in temperature, be 15 ℃, under the condition that humidity is 55%, store after 3 days, the pericarp of fruit yellow thoroughly after, choose without damage by disease and insect, fruit shape completely, uniform fruit is standby;
(3) processing of seed:
Standby seed is cleaned 2 times with warm water, reduce to 15 ℃ to water temperature at every turn, then put into 1000 times of immersion bubbles of 1000 times of liquid+5.5% formalin dilutions of 50% thiophanate methyl dilution carries out disinfection for 1 hour, use again sterile water wash seed 2 times, obtain sterile seed, then naturally dry 20min standby;
(4) seed dissects:
Seed after above-mentioned drying is dissectd to 1/6 core～1/2 core; Then with the gibberellin of 0.015% concentration, soak 1 hour, after pulling out, the polyethylene glycol by 0.5% concentration soaks 1 hour again, finally uses Seed soaking 3 hours again;
(5) Cultivate administration:
Spacing in the rows that the seed dissecing be take on husky bed is sowed as 30cm * 30cm, last covered one deck hay; After planting every 1 day, watering at 6 o'clock 1 time in the morning, is under the condition of 35 ℃ in temperature, and keeping husky bed humidity is 80%; When avocado seedling grows from Shamian Island 3cm, hay is opened;
(6) control of damage by disease and insect:
After opening 7 days of hay, to husky bed, spray 500 times of liquid of 1 time 30% carbendazol wettable powder dilution, every two weeks, spray once.
Remaining step and condition are all identical with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3:
Different with embodiment 2 from embodiment 1:
(1) selection of fruit:
After harvesting, in temperature, be 18 ℃, under the condition that humidity is 60%, store after 2 days;
(3) processing of seed:
Standby seed is reduced to 20 ℃ by warm water to water temperature, sterilize 1.5 hours, naturally dry 40min standby;
(4) seed dissects:
Seed after above-mentioned drying is dissectd to 1/6 core～1/2 core; Then with the gibberellin of 0.012% concentration, soak 1.5 hours, after pulling out, the polyethylene glycol by 2.00% concentration soaks 1.5 hours again, finally uses Seed soaking 2.5 hours again;
(5) Cultivate administration:
Spacing in the rows that the seed dissecing be take on husky bed is sowed as 20cm * 20cm, last covered one deck hay; After planting 6:30 waters 1 time in the morning, is under the condition of 25 ℃ in temperature, and keeping husky bed humidity is 65%; When avocado seedling grows from Shamian Island 3.5cm, hay is opened;
(6) control of damage by disease and insect:
After opening 6 days of hay, to husky bed, spray 500 times of liquid of 2 times 30% carbendazol wettable powders dilutions, every two weeks, spray once.
Remaining step and condition are identical with embodiment 1.
According to the record of embodiment 1, that carries out is discussed below:
The relation of four different disposal groups and avocado seed germinating time in the present invention
This is tested in sowing on September 20th, 2012, from being seeded into the whole germinations of seed, approximately lasts 60d left and right.After broadcasting the 2nd week starts to germinate successively, and what germinate the earliest is that full core is processed, and 1/6 core is processed germinating time and continued the longest.Different processing germination peak period was different, and full core is processed reached germination peak at after planting 3rd～5 weeks.The germination peak period of 1/2 core will be postponed less than 1 time-of-week than full core.Along with cuing open increasing of sheet number, germinating time, germination peak period and germination cycle all postpone.The germinating time of 1/2 core was than late about 1 week of full core, and the germinating time of 1/4 core was than late 1～2 week of full core, and the germinating time of 1/6 core is again than late 2～3 weeks of full core.
Four different disposal groups and germination rate in the present invention, the relation of seedling strain number
As known from Table 1, the germination rate that full core is processed is for the highest, and the germination rate that 1/2 core is processed, 1/4 core is processed, 1/6 core is processed reduces successively.The full germination rate of core and the germination rate difference of 1/2 core are not remarkable, have utmost point significant difference with 1/4 core, 1/6 core.The germination rate difference of 1/2 core and 1/4 core is not remarkable, and the germination rate of 1/4 core and 1/6 core exists utmost point significant difference.What seed availability was the highest is 1/4 core, reaches 287%, effectively raises seedling number.Though the seedling number that 1/4 core, 1/6 core can better improve, because avocado belongs to antitropal ovule, cellular endospers, seed generally is single embryo.Cuing open kind of a period of the day from 11 p.m. to 1 a.m, high to cuing open the specification requirement of planting, the every lobe seed cuing open all must comprise a part of embryo.And the umber cuing open is more, the damage that embryo is subject to is larger, and the nutrient that provides seed growth to grow is also just fewer, and when lower than certain limit, survival rate is just low.So it is feasible improving avocado seminal propagation number, prerequisite is when will guarantee the most effective lobe number, improves kind of technology and the final-period management technology cutd open.
The different vertical profiles of table 1 are processed germinative number situation
Note: 1, germination rate (%)=germinative number/sowing number * 100%
Obtain seedling rate (%)=germinative number/required seed number * 100%
2, with the different significance level (P ﹤ 0.05) that reaches of different lowercase alphabet differentials after column data, different capitalizations represent that difference reaches utmost point significance level (P ﹤ 0.01).Lower same
In the present invention, different vertical profiles are processed the impact on avocado seedling acrial part
As known from Table 2, the seedling that full core is processed, all processes and has utmost point significant difference with 1/2 core, 1/4 core, 1/6 core in, the number of blade thick at plant height, stem.The plant height that 1/2 core is processed, processes and has utmost point significant difference with 1/4 processing, 1/6; It is not remarkable that difference in plant height is processed in 1/4 processing and 1/6.The stem rough error that 1/2 core is processed, 1/4 core is processed is different not remarkable, processes and has utmost point significant difference with 1/6 core.The number of blade that 1/2 core is processed, processes and has utmost point significant difference with 1/4 processing, 1/6; 1/4 processing, 1/6 is processed plant height and is had utmost point significant difference.According to above data analysis, vertical profile seed umber is more, and the trophosome of every lobe gained is fewer, and the growth at seedling initial stage is more weak.So should limit the lobe number of vertical profile seed in effective range, to guarantee the normal growth of seedling.
The different vertical profiles of table 2 are processed the impact on avocado seedling acrial part
Note: account for for (%) of full core represents 1/2 core, 1/4 core, 1/6 core respectively that the plant height of full core, stem are thick, the percentage of the number of blade.
In the present invention, different vertical profiles are processed the impact on the growth of avocado seedlings root
From Fig. 2, table 3 is known, and full core root system grows fine, and main root is long, and sturdy; Lateral root number is many, and growing way is good; Root system progression is high.Main root length, rugosity and the lateral root growing way that 1/2 core is processed, 1/4 core is processed, 1/6 core is processed all progressively reduces.Full core and 1/2 core difference in main root length are not remarkable, have utmost point significant difference on rugosity, lateral root number, have utmost point significant difference with 1/4 core, 1/6 core on main root length, rugosity, lateral root number.On main root length, rugosity, lateral root number, all there is utmost point significant difference in 1/2 core and 1/4 core, 1/6 core.1/4 core and 1/6 core difference in main root length is not remarkable, has utmost point significant difference on rugosity, lateral root number.The lateral root number of 1/4 core, 1/6 core, rugosity growing way all a little less than, be mainly that vertical profile umber is more, the nutrient that seed stays is fewer, root growth is more weak.Avocado is not easy to form adventive root, once root system damaged, particularly larger lateral root damaged, more difficult recovery growth.Thus, the growing way situation of root system is the assurance of the healthy and strong growth of avocado.
The different vertical profiles of table 3 are processed avocado seedlings root growing state
Note: for (%) expression 1/2 core, 1/4 core, 1/6 core of core account for respectively the percentage of the main root length of full core, lateral root number, main root rugosity, root system progression entirely.
In the present invention different vertical profiles process on avocado percentage of seedgermination, the impact of seedling strain number
Its total Expected Results of vertical profile seed seedling-raising is considerable, and result of the test shows, 1/2 core is processed, 1/4 core is processed, 1/6 core is processed, and seedling rate is all processed higher than full core, wherein with 1/4 core, process seedling number is maximum.1/6 core treatment technology, management expectancy are high, and germination rate is low, and lethality is high.Germination rate, the germination regularity in order to improve different vertical profiles, processed, can carry out the work in every before broadcasting.Avocado seed, without resting stage, is put for a long time and can be lost germinating capacity, so should store immediately after gathering.Because it is quite a lot of to plant skin oil content, can hinder moisture absorption and air is penetrating, therefore must remove totally before sowing, could improve germination rate, and germinate soon and neatly.According to test, peel off seed vernalization on husky bed of kind of skin, through a month germination rate, can reach 100%, and the seed of de-kind of skin does not carry out vernalization, germination rate only has 27%.Be exactly in addition in the situation that condition is permitted, choose compared with large and full seed and cut open kind, can reduce like this and cut open the difficulty of planting.The lobe number of the sub-vertical profile of 1/2 nuclear species is less, and vertical profile difficulty is low, and each lobe contains sufficient plumule amount and seed late growing stage nutrient, so germination rate is high.It is low that 1/6 core is processed germination rate, is mainly that vertical profile difficulty is high, and lobe number is many, and contained nutrient is few, thereby causes death.
In the present invention, different vertical profiles are processed the impact on Growth of seedling
The seedling becoming after vertical profile is processed is totally on the weak side, and seedling quality and vertical profile sheet number are negative correlation.The i.e. seedling of 1/2 core, 1/4 core, three processing of 1/6 core, plant height, stem is thick and the number of blade is all not so good as the good of full core.Show that seed is after vertical profile, seedling has the trend weakening along with cuing open increasing of sheet, and this just requires, except considering seed and cuing open the factors such as kind of technology, also will after emerging, strengthen cuing open seedling management, improves seedling quality.Transplanting seedlings, in seedling raising process, to the more seedlings of vertical profile lobe number, in daily managements such as rich water, soil, require higher.After planting seed, to before transplanting seedlings, strengthen management, carry out the work of the aspects such as anti-ant worm, anti-dry-hot wind, moisturizing, to guarantee the survival rate of nursery stock.
In the present invention, different vertical profiles are processed the impact on root growth
In whole vertical profile process of the test, all in husky bed, carry out.The required nutrient of seedling early growth before transplanting seedlings is all from fruit self.So the growing way at seedlings root initial stage is fine or not, the speed of growth rate, depend primarily on lobe number and the husky bed situation of vertical profile.Prior to seeding, with potassium permanganate, husky bed is carried out disinfection, can reduce the pollution of wound after vertical profile.
In sum, this research, by avocado seed being adopted to full core, 1/2 core, 1/4 core, four different disposal of 1/6 core, is carried out germination rate, is obtained seedling strain number, seedling aerial growth amount, the comparative analysis of seedling under ground portion amount of growth.Test shows the seed of processing by 1/2 core, 1/4 core, 1/6 core, germination rate, the aspects such as seedling rate, seedling quality all reach test objective, can effectively improve seed availability, and guarantee the later stage normal growth of seedling.
Claims (9)
1. a method that improves avocado reproduction coefficient, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
(1) selection of fruit:
Selection has 6 years bear fruit above, whole plant have no mechanical damage and the Avocado of damage by disease and insect for plucking the maternal plant of fruit; Fruit being plucked in first 2～3 days of fruit maturation, after harvesting, store, crossed after 2～3 days, the pericarp of fruit yellow thoroughly after, choose without damage by disease and insect, fruit shape completely, uniform fruit is standby;
(2) selection of seed:
Standby fruit is removed to pericarp, after washing by rubbing with the hands totally, utilize wet cleaning process that the seed floating on the surface is removed, select full, undamaged seed standby;
(3) processing of seed:
Standby seed is cleaned to water temperature and reduces to 15～35 ℃ with warm water, then put into 1000 times of immersion bubbles of 1000 times of liquid+5.5% formalin dilutions of 50% thiophanate methyl dilution carries out disinfection for 1～2 hour, use again sterile water wash seed 2～3 times, obtain sterile seed, then naturally dry standby;
(4) seed dissects:
Seed after above-mentioned drying is dissectd to 1/6 core ~ 1/2 core; Then with the gibberellin of 0.01%～0.015% concentration, soak 1～2 hour, after pulling out, the polyethylene glycol by 0.5%～2.50% concentration soaks 1～2 hour again, finally uses Seed soaking 3 to 4 hours again;
(5) Cultivate administration:
Spacing in the rows that the seed dissecing be take on husky bed is sowed as 15～30cm * 15～30cm, last covered one deck hay; After planting every 1 day, watering 1 time, keeping husky bed humidity; When avocado seedling grows from Shamian Island 3～4cm, hay is opened, water and be spaced apart 2 days 1 time;
(6) control of damage by disease and insect:
After opening 5～7 days of hay, to husky bed, spray 2000 times of 1000 times of liquid of liquid+15% dicofols dilution of 1～2 time 20% Rogor dilution or 500 times of liquid of 30% carbendazol wettable powder dilution, every two weeks, spray once;
(7) germinate and survive situation:
In plantation, after 3 ~ 6 weeks, germinate, from 6th～10 weeks, reach germination peak period, the number of blade reaches 5～9, plant height reaches 10～15cm, and stem slightly reaches 0.3～0.6cm, and main root length reaches 20～25cm, lateral root number reaches 12～18, main root rugosity reaches 0.2～0.5cm, and the leaf look of bud is light green, and bud seedling is healthy.
2. the method for raising avocado reproduction coefficient according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described fruit is the fruit on avocado result elite stand existing in border of the county, Longzhou.
3. a kind of method that improves avocado reproduction coefficient according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the temperature of described storage is 15 ℃～20 ℃, and the humidity of storage is 55%～65%.
4. the method for raising avocado reproduction coefficient according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the number of times that described warm water cleans is 2～3 times.
5. the method for raising avocado reproduction coefficient according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described in time of drying be 20～50min.
6. the method for raising avocado reproduction coefficient according to claim 1, is characterized in that: each piece in described 1/2 core～1/6 core cuts open sheet all with a part of embryo in seed.
7. the method for raising avocado reproduction coefficient according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described in time of watering be 6～7 o'clock of morning; Described husky bed humidity is 50 ~ 80%; The temperature of husky bed is controlled at 20 ℃～35 ℃.
8. the method for raising avocado reproduction coefficient according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described sowing is by seed afterbody upward, then covers the husky the surface of the seed 2～3cm of surpassing.
9. the method for raising avocado reproduction coefficient according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described husky bed carries out disinfection with 0.1% potassium permanganate.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106688376A (en) * | 2017-02-09 | 2017-05-24 | 中国热带农业科学院海口实验站 | Method for raising alligator pear seedlings |
| CN109348955A (en) * | 2018-10-23 | 2019-02-19 | 中国热带农业科学院海口实验站 | A kind of avocado rootstock seedling high-efficient method for cultivating |
| CN111543319A (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2020-08-18 | 中国热带农业科学院海口实验站 | In-vitro rescue method for immature embryo of avocado |
-
2014
- 2014-05-14 CN CN201410202629.4A patent/CN104025959A/en active Pending
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106688376A (en) * | 2017-02-09 | 2017-05-24 | 中国热带农业科学院海口实验站 | Method for raising alligator pear seedlings |
| CN106688376B (en) * | 2017-02-09 | 2020-06-16 | 中国热带农业科学院海口实验站 | Method for culturing avocado seedlings |
| CN109348955A (en) * | 2018-10-23 | 2019-02-19 | 中国热带农业科学院海口实验站 | A kind of avocado rootstock seedling high-efficient method for cultivating |
| CN111543319A (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2020-08-18 | 中国热带农业科学院海口实验站 | In-vitro rescue method for immature embryo of avocado |
| CN111543319B (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2021-07-30 | 中国热带农业科学院海口实验站 | In-vitro rescue method for immature embryo of avocado |
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