CN104000237A - 一种糟制海水鱼的加工方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种糟制海水鱼的加工方法,包括以下步骤:海水鱼前处理、清洗、碱性水结合超声波处理脱腥、腌制、脱水、糟制、真空包装、灭菌。用电解得到的碱性水和超声波结合的处理方式除去海水鱼的腥味和多余的脂肪,提高产品品质;采用真空腌制,大大提高了腌制效率,用ClO2溶液浸泡处理,达到很好的减菌防腐效果,采用天然抗氧化剂茶多酚对海水鱼进行涂抹,起到很好的抑菌保鲜效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于水产品的精加工技术领域,具体涉及一种糟制海水鱼的加工方法。
背景技术
酒糟鱼是我国南方具有民族特色的优秀传统食品,是以新鲜鲤鱼、草鱼、大黄鱼等为主要原料,经清洗、去杂、腌制、晒干、糟制、包装等工序制作而成。然而传统的加工工艺,主要是以淡水鱼为原料,鱼块需经过高盐腌制,易造成咸味过重且在鱼块内分布不均匀,导致鱼组织蛋白质变性,使得酒糟等风味物质不易渗透,腌制时间长,且产品的亚硝酸盐含量高。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对海水鱼具有鱼腥味浓、不饱和脂肪酸含量高,在加工和贮藏期间容易氧化等特点,提供一种糟制海水鱼的加工方法,制得高品质的糟制海水鱼。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种糟制海水鱼的加工方法包括以下步骤:海水鱼前处理、清洗、碱性水结合超声波处理脱腥、腌制、脱水、糟制、真空包装、灭菌。
具体步骤如下:
(1)海水鱼前处理:海水鱼去鱼头、鱼鳞、内脏、血等,然后从椎骨处刨成两半;
(2)清洗:将前处理好的海水鱼用自来水冲洗5~10 min,将鱼体表面的粘液清洗干净,以防止后续加工中微生物的污染;
(3)碱性水结合超声波处理脱腥:将清洗后的海水鱼放入电解得到的pH为8.0~9.5的碱性水中,水量以浸没过鱼体为度;采用超声波发生器对鱼体进行脱腥脱脂处理,超声波频率为20 kHz,功率为50 W,采用间歇操作,每次超声波处理时间为3~5 min,两次超声波处理的时间间隔为10~15 min,进行3~5次处理,整个处理过程碱性水的温度为10~25 ℃;
(4)腌制:将脱腥后的海水鱼浸在13~18wt.%的盐水中,海水鱼与盐水的质量比为1:1,0.08 MPa压力下真空腌制10~20 min,用清水将海水鱼表面的盐水冲洗干净,放入50~100 ml/L的ClO2溶液中进行减菌化处理5~10 min,用水将海水鱼表面残留的ClO2溶液冲洗干净,再用0.3wt.%的茶多酚溶液对海水鱼进行涂抹处理;
(5)脱水:45~60 ℃下热风脱水2~4 h,至含水量为50~70%;
(6)糟制:海水鱼与香糟按质量比为1:2整齐摆放于容器中,在容器底部先放一层香糟,每放一层海水鱼加一层香糟和香糟汁,最上层用香糟封严,10~15 ℃下糟制2~4 d;
(7)真空包装、灭菌:将糟制后的海水鱼按50~100 g/包的规格于0.09 MPa下进行真空包装,然后在118 ~121 ℃下高压蒸汽灭菌10~15 min,灭菌后取出用流动的冷水冷却。
香糟配方:酱香型白酒酒糟80~89%,食盐4~8%,糖6~12%,味精1.0~2.5%;将酒糟先煮沸2~3 min后加入食盐、糖和味精,搅拌均匀并使食盐、糖和味精充分溶解,常温下冷却至室温。
本发明的显著优点在于:用电解得到的碱性水和超声波结合的处理方式除去海水鱼中的腥味和多余的脂肪,提高产品品质;其次在腌制过程中采用真空腌制,大大提高了腌制效率,并且用稳定性ClO2溶液浸泡处理,达到了很好的减菌防腐效果,同时采用天然抗氧化剂茶多酚对鱼块进行涂抹,改变了传统酒糟鱼加工中添加对人体有害的化学合成抗氧化剂的方法,同时起到了很好的抑菌保鲜效果,对鱼块后期的加工及产品最终品质的形成具有关键作用。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种糟制海水鱼的加工方法,将采购的10kg秋刀鱼进行前处理,即去鱼头、鱼鳞、内脏等,然后在流动水中冲洗7 min,充分把鱼体清洗干净,最终得到7kg可食用部分。然后将清洗后的鱼体放于电解得到的pH为9的碱性水中,碱性水的量以没过鱼体为度。结合超声波发生器对鱼体进行脱腥脱脂处理,超声波频率为20 kHz,功率为50 W。采用间歇操作,每次超声波处理时间为4 min,两次超声波处理的时间间隔为12min,进行4次处理,整个处理过程中碱性水的温度应控制在15℃。接着将鱼进行切块,将切好的鱼块置于7kg浓度为15%的盐溶液中,并且在真空度为0.08 MPa下进行真空腌制15min。腌制结束后,用清水将鱼块表面的盐水冲洗干净,然后将鱼块放入浓度为75 ml/L的稳定性ClO2溶液中进行减菌化处理(ClO2溶液用量以没过鱼体为度),浸泡处理7 min后用水将鱼块表面残留的ClO2溶液冲洗干净,接着用浓度为0.3%的茶多酚对鱼块进行涂抹处理,然后将涂抹后的鱼块放入热风干燥机中进行脱水处理,在温度50℃条件下脱水3 h,将鱼块脱水至水分含量为60%。然后对鱼块进行糟制,香糟的用量为14kg。先将鱼块整齐摆放于容器中,容器底部先放一层香糟,后每放一层鱼块加一层香糟和香糟汁,最上层用香糟封严,在12℃条件下糟制3d。将糟制后的鱼块按75g/包的规格在真空度为0.09 MPa下进行真空包装后置于高压蒸汽灭菌锅中,在121℃下高压蒸汽灭菌10min后取出用流水冷却,最终得到肉质紧密,醇香浓郁,咸甜适口的糟鱼产品。
上述香糟的制备方法为:采用酱香型白酒酒糟85%,食盐6%,白糖7%,味精2%,将酒糟先煮沸2min,后加入食盐、糖和味精,搅拌均匀并使食盐、糖和味精充分溶解(可根据需要加入葱姜、八角等香辛料),常温下冷却至室温。
实施例2
一种糟制海水鱼的加工方法包括以下步骤:
(1)海水鱼前处理:海水鱼去鱼头、鱼鳞、内脏、血等,然后从椎骨处刨成两半;
(2)清洗:将前处理好的海水鱼用自来水冲洗5 min,将鱼体表面的粘液清洗干净,以防止后续加工中微生物的污染;
(3)碱性水结合超声波处理脱腥:将清洗后的海水鱼放入电解得到的pH为8.0的碱性水中,水量以浸没过鱼体为度;采用超声波发生器对鱼体进行脱腥脱脂处理,超声波频率为20 kHz,功率为50 W,采用间歇操作,每次超声波处理时间为3 min,两次超声波处理的时间间隔为10min,进行3次处理,整个处理过程碱性水的温度为10 ℃;
(4)腌制:将脱腥后的海水鱼浸在13wt.%的盐水中,海水鱼与盐水的质量比为1:1,0.08 MPa压力下真空腌制10min,用清水将海水鱼表面的盐水冲洗干净,放入50ml/L的ClO2溶液中进行减菌化处理5min,用水将海水鱼表面残留的ClO2溶液冲洗干净,再用0.3wt.%的茶多酚溶液对海水鱼进行涂抹处理;
(5)脱水:45℃下热风脱水2 h,至含水量为50%;
(6)糟制:海水鱼与香糟按质量比为1:2整齐摆放于容器中,在容器底部先放一层香糟,每放一层海水鱼加一层香糟和香糟汁,最上层用香糟封严,10℃下糟制2d;
(7)真空包装、灭菌:将糟制后的海水鱼按50g/包的规格于0.09 MPa下进行真空包装,然后在118℃下高压蒸汽灭菌10 min,灭菌后取出用流动的冷水冷却。
香糟配方:酱香型白酒酒糟80%,食盐8%,糖10%,味精2%;将酒糟先煮沸2min后加入食盐、糖和味精,搅拌均匀并使食盐、糖和味精充分溶解,常温下冷却至室温。
实施例3
一种糟制海水鱼的加工方法包括以下步骤:
(1)海水鱼前处理:海水鱼去鱼头、鱼鳞、内脏、血等,然后从椎骨处刨成两半;
(2)清洗:将前处理好的海水鱼用自来水冲洗10 min,将鱼体表面的粘液清洗干净,以防止后续加工中微生物的污染;
(3)碱性水结合超声波处理脱腥:将清洗后的海水鱼放入电解得到的pH为9.5的碱性水中,水量以浸没过鱼体为度;采用超声波发生器对鱼体进行脱腥脱脂处理,超声波频率为20 kHz,功率为50 W,采用间歇操作,每次超声波处理时间为5 min,两次超声波处理的时间间隔为15 min,进行5次处理,整个处理过程碱性水的温度为25 ℃;
(4)腌制:将脱腥后的海水鱼浸在18wt.%的盐水中,海水鱼与盐水的质量比为1:1,0.08 MPa压力下真空腌制20 min,用清水将海水鱼表面的盐水冲洗干净,放入100 ml/L的ClO2溶液中进行减菌化处理10 min,用水将海水鱼表面残留的ClO2溶液冲洗干净,再用0.3wt.%的茶多酚溶液对海水鱼进行涂抹处理;
(5)脱水:60 ℃下热风脱水4 h,至含水量为70%;
(6)糟制:海水鱼与香糟按质量比为1:2整齐摆放于容器中,在容器底部先放一层香糟,每放一层海水鱼加一层香糟和香糟汁,最上层用香糟封严,15 ℃下糟制4 d;
(7)真空包装、灭菌:将糟制后的海水鱼按100 g/包的规格于0.09 MPa下进行真空包装,然后在121 ℃下高压蒸汽灭菌15 min,灭菌后取出用流动的冷水冷却。
香糟配方:酱香型白酒酒糟89%,食盐4%,糖6%,味精1%;将酒糟先煮沸3 min后加入食盐、糖和味精,搅拌均匀并使食盐、糖和味精充分溶解,常温下冷却至室温。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,凡依本发明申请专利范围所做的均等变化与修饰,皆应属本发明的涵盖范围。
Claims (3)
1.一种糟制海水鱼的加工方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:海水鱼前处理、清洗、碱性水结合超声波处理脱腥、腌制、脱水、糟制、真空包装、灭菌。
2.根据权利要求1所述的糟制海水鱼的加工方法,其特征在于:具体步骤如下:
(1)海水鱼前处理:海水鱼去鱼头、鱼鳞、内脏、血等,然后从椎骨处刨成两半;
(2)清洗:将前处理好的海水鱼用自来水冲洗5~10 min,将鱼体表面的粘液清洗干净,以防止后续加工中微生物的污染;
(3)碱性水结合超声波处理脱腥:将清洗后的海水鱼放入电解得到的pH为8.0~9.5的碱性水中,水量以浸没过鱼体为度;采用超声波发生器对鱼体进行脱腥脱脂处理,超声波频率为20 kHz,功率为50 W,采用间歇操作,每次超声波处理时间为3~5 min,两次超声波处理的时间间隔为10~15 min,进行3~5次处理,整个处理过程碱性水的温度为10~25 ℃;
(4)腌制:将脱腥后的海水鱼浸在13~18wt.%的盐水中,海水鱼与盐水的质量比为1:1,0.08 MPa压力下真空腌制10~20 min,用清水将海水鱼表面的盐水冲洗干净,放入50~100 ml/L的ClO2溶液中进行减菌化处理5~10 min,用水将海水鱼表面残留的ClO2溶液冲洗干净,再用0.3wt.%的茶多酚溶液对海水鱼进行涂抹处理;
(5)脱水:45~60 ℃下热风脱水2~4 h,至含水量为50~70%;
(6)糟制:海水鱼与香糟按质量比为1:2整齐摆放于容器中,在容器底部先放一层香糟,每放一层海水鱼加一层香糟和香糟汁,最上层用香糟封严,10~15 ℃下糟制2~4 d;
(7)真空包装、灭菌:将糟制后的海水鱼按50~100 g/包的规格于0.09 MPa下进行真空包装,然后在118 ~121 ℃下高压蒸汽灭菌10~15 min,灭菌后取出用流动的冷水冷却。
3.根据权利要求2所述的糟制海水鱼的加工方法,其特征在于:香糟配方:酱香型白酒酒糟80~89%,食盐4~8%,糖6~12%,味精1.0~2.5%;将酒糟先煮沸2~3 min后加入食盐、糖和味精,搅拌均匀并使食盐、糖和味精充分溶解,常温下冷却至室温。
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