CN1039885C - 一种混合和涂覆粘合剂的方法以及实施该方法的装置 - Google Patents

一种混合和涂覆粘合剂的方法以及实施该方法的装置 Download PDF

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CN1039885C
CN1039885C CN92110627A CN92110627A CN1039885C CN 1039885 C CN1039885 C CN 1039885C CN 92110627 A CN92110627 A CN 92110627A CN 92110627 A CN92110627 A CN 92110627A CN 1039885 C CN1039885 C CN 1039885C
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伦纳特·维斯特伦德
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种涂覆含有至少两种组分的粘合剂的方法。粘合剂的各组分在一个具有光滑表面(10)的转动辊(1)上混合，然后被送至该辊子(1)的槽状部分，并由此涂覆在所需的物体(8)上。本发明还包括实施该方法的装置。

Description

一种混合和涂覆粘合剂的方法以及实施该方法的装置
本发明涉及一种涂敷包括至少两种组份的粘合剂的方法，这些组份在一个具有光滑表面的旋转的辊子上混合，混合后的粘合剂被送至该辊子的槽状部分，并由此涂覆到所需的物体上。本发明还涉及实施该方法的装置。
固化粘合剂通常包括两种组份：树脂和固化剂。它们既可以预混合后涂布，也可以如瑞典专利SE373,525所述分别涂布后再在被粘物体上混合。在各组份为涂布前预先混合的情况下，固化过程是随之产生的，在一些快干粘合剂中(如固化时间小于1小时)，为满足位置要求，就需要加工时间短。此外，在混合和涂布装置中通常会发生堵塞现象，特别是在停机或运行故障的情况下。在分别涂覆树脂和固化剂的情况下，有时很难混合均匀，尤其是在粘接剂和固化剂的粘性相差很大时，这种情况尤为严重。
本发明旨在克服上述缺陷，提供一种固化粘合剂混合和涂布的方法及装置，其中粘接剂和固化剂在涂布前瞬间能充分地混合，同时还大大地减少了堵塞的可能性。
根据本发明，上述问题可通过权利要求书中所述的方法和装置加以解决。具体说，本发明涉及一种粘合剂的混合和涂布方法，该粘合剂包括两种最好为液态的组份，如树脂和固化剂，该方法包括如下步骤：
a)最好是从上方将上述各组份供入到敷料辊的混合区上，敷料辊绕一个基本为水平的轴转动，所述的混合区有一个大致光滑的表面，
b)混合上述组份，并将混合后的粘合剂送至位于敷料辊上混合区旁边的涂布区，涂布区包括沿敷料辊圆周的槽；和
c)经过上述槽形涂布区，将粘合剂最好是直接，也可间接地涂布到所需的物体上。
最好，粘合剂组份在从混合区到涂布区混合到传输的过程是在配料槽的作用下进行的。配料辊基本平行于敷料辊，其转动方向却与之相反，所述的配料辊最好有一个基本光滑的表面，且其圆周线速度可与敷料辊的相同或不同。敷料辊和配料辊设于不同的垂直平面较为适宜，两个辊子的转动方向最好是使其上端处是相对运动的。
一种较为理想的情况是，粘合剂的各种组份从上方供给混合区，由于辊子的转动，使之在辊子之间被向下拉。类似地，在粘合剂中用量最多的组份，在固化粘合剂中通常为树脂，首先涂布于辊子的混合区，然后随着辊子的旋转，将其送至第二种组份的配料处。当然，各种组份也可以施加于从辊子的转动方向看彼此相邻的区域，或通过一个共同的出口均施加于辊子的混合区。本发明之关键在于，主要的混合过程是发生于辊子的混合区中的。为进一步改善混合情况，可以通过迫使粘合剂经过辊子的圆周面和平型隔板间的间隙来增加混合区和涂布区间粘合剂的流动阻力，隔板位于基本垂直于辊子的圆周表面。
粘合剂均涂趋向使得它自动从混合区流向涂布区。混合后的粘合剂最好在涂布区的螺旋槽的作用下，涂布在整个涂布区上。业经证明，在辊子转动时，螺旋槽具有可一部分粘合剂送回光滑的混合区的优点，从而使粘合剂产生循环，改善混合，防止粘合剂聚集在涂布区的后端。
如果敷料辊的混合区的配料辊之间的距离太近，则其摩擦热可能导致一些粘合剂迅速固化，为避免这一缺陷，敷料辊的槽状涂布区的外径大于光滑的混合区的直径。
本发明还关于一种实施上述方法的装置。具体地说，该装置包括一个敷料辊，该敷料辊最好可绕一个大致水平的旋转轴转动，敷料辊的圆周面包括一个基本为光滑表面的混合区，和一个在混合区旁边的涂布区，涂布区由沿辊子圆周的槽构成，该装置还包括位于混合区上方将两个液态组份供给所述混合区的装置。
本装置最好还包括一个配料辊，该配料辊最好基本平行于敷料辊设置，且与之转向相反，所述的配料辊位于与敷料辊不同的垂直平面较为适宜，且在辊子圆周表面的上部处它们彼此相对运动。两个辊子转动的圆周线速度可相等或不等。
最好，在涂布区里的槽是螺纹形的螺旋，螺纹是这样设置的，当辊子沿预定方向转动时，螺纹槽中的粘合剂被送到混合区内。此外，敷料辊涂布区处的外径应大于其混合区处的直径。
敷料辊最好有一个光滑的混合区和一个位于其旁边的槽形涂布区，但也可采用其它形式。例如，辊子可以有一个中心混合区和在其两旁的涂布区，涂布区上有旋向相反的螺纹。
该装置还可以包括一个在混合区和涂布区之间的间隙上形成通道的隔板，该隔板可以是平板，最好位于混合区与涂布区的交界处，且基本上垂直于辊子表面。
上述的方法和装置适用于各种将两种组份混合起来的粘合剂。本发明特别适用于树脂和固化剂难于混合的固化粘合剂(即两者的粘度或添加量相差很大)。例如，它能使粘度为15,000兆帕秒的树脂与粘度为100兆帕秒的固化剂充分混合，其中固化剂的添加重量是树脂重量的1％至35％。本发明可使用的几种一般的粘合剂是：带异氰酸盐固化剂的PVA，带硝酸铬固化剂的PVAC，带甲醛固化剂的间苯二酚和带低pH值固化剂(如氯化铝)的碳酰胺。上述或其它的粘合剂最好是涂覆在一个条状的物体上，如用于胶合板的原料。本发明设计简单，清洁方便，且由于系统的压降较小，故操作简单。由于粘合剂组份混合到涂覆的过程很快，故装置中堵塞的可能性非常小。
现参照附图详细说明本发明，其中：
图1是粘合剂混合和涂布装置的侧视图；
图2是该装置的顶视图；
图3详细示出了该装置的敷料辊。
在所述的装置中包括一个敷料辊1(见图1的左侧)，该辊的圆周面上有一个从其旋转方向上看位于右侧边缘部分的光滑的混合区10(参见图2)和一个在混合区旁边的涂布区11，该涂布区最好是螺旋槽形的。敷料辊1沿顺时针方向旋转，在其旁边直径略小的配料辊是逆时针方向转动的，这样辊1、2圆周面上部将彼此相对运动。当敷料辊1从混合区10的方向看是顺时针转动时，涂布区11是相应地右旋螺纹。如果从混合区10的方向看，敷料辊逆时针方向旋转，则涂布区11是相应的左旋螺纹。螺旋槽的深度可以为如0.1至5mm，螺纹节距为如每25mm的5至20个槽。混合区通常占圆周表面的5-60％，最好为10-30％，其余为涂布区。敷料辊1的圆周表面(包括混合区10和涂布区11)最好由弹性材料制成，如天然或合成橡胶，而配料辊2的材料则软硬均可，如由钢或橡胶构成。配料辊2的位置是这样的，它的最低位置高于敷料辊1的最低位置。配料辊2最好置于与敷料辊1相同或略高的位置上。两个辊子1和2的旋转轴之间的垂直距离适于小于敷料辊1的半径，最好小于该半径的一半，辊1、2圆周面之间的最近距离是可适当调整的。这个距离取决于传送到涂布区11的粘合剂的量，如该距离可以是0至10mm，最好是0.1至1mm。
在敷料辊1的光滑的混合区10的上方设有配料管3、4，以分别提供粘合剂的不同组份，通常为树脂和固化剂。如果树脂的供应量多于固化剂的供应量，且辊1顺时针旋转，则树脂通过左管3提供，固化剂由右管4提供，这样在加入固化剂之前，树脂以膜状形成于混合区之上。尽管图中未示，但很明显，供给粘合剂组份的装置3和4的布置也可改变。如它们可以在同一轴向平面，这样从敷料辊1的旋转方向上看，粘合剂各组份的配料处是彼此相邻的。管3和4也可以合成一个置于混合区10之上的共同出口。
在混合区10和涂布区11的交界处，有一个基本垂直的板状隔板5，该板以一个基本垂直于辊1、2圆周面的壁的形式伸入到辊子1和2之间。板5的垂直部分是可以变化的，它可以用来确定板5分别与辊子1、2之间的间隙6，该间隙最好是0.1至50mm，在大多数情况下，隔板5是可以省去的。
本发明的装置最好还包括一个位于敷料辊1之下、且与之反向转动的喂料辊7。该喂料辊7最好有一个如橡胶等的弹性圆周面，且其上开有适当的槽。喂料辊7用于传送要涂敷粘合剂的物体8。
图3示出了位于涂布区11和混合区10之间交界处的敷料辊1的具体结构。从图中可以看出，敷料辊1涂布区11的外径φA略大于其混合区10处的直径φB。
本发明的装置是按如下方式将固化粘合剂附着在物体8上的。敷料辊1和配料辊2分别顺时针和逆时针旋转，树脂由左配料管3加入，使之以膜状附着在混合区10的光滑表面上。固化剂由右配料管4供给到该膜上。这样，在落到敷料辊1的混合区10之前，树脂和固化剂不相接触。如果管3和4共用一个出口，当然树脂和固化剂就会相接触，但在它们落到混合区10上之前，不会发生大量的混合。在配料辊2的配合下，树脂和固化剂充分混合并被传至槽形的涂布区11。敷料辊1和配料辊2可以相同的速度转动，这样，敷料辊的线速度就大于配料辊2的线速度。在使用隔板5的情况下，它增加了朝向涂布区11的流阻，从而改善了树脂和固化剂的混合。由于在涂布区11的敷料辊1的外径φA大于混合区10的辊1的直径φB，所以在混合区10内所产生的摩擦热减少到了最低限度。粘合剂的均涂趋向使得它流向涂布区11的远处。在右旋槽的作用下，有一些粘合剂回流，在涂布区11内形成循环，以此保证在整个涂布区11上粘合剂的厚度基本均匀，随后粘合剂施加到物体8上，该物体是由敷料辊1的涂布区11和其下的喂料辊7之间进入的。物体8最好是长条状的，并且为制造胶合板的原材料。
本发明并不仅限于上述说明及附图所示，在权利要求所述的范围内，可以很方便地对其进行各种变化。

Claims (10)

1.一种使至少含有两种组份的粘合剂混合和涂覆的方法，其特征在于：
a)将上述组份供给旋转敷料辊(1)上的混合区(10)，混合区有一个基本光滑的表面；
b)混合上述组份，并将混合后的粘合剂送至位于敷料辊(1)上混合区(10)旁边的涂布区(11)，涂布区(11)包括沿敷料辊圆周的槽；和
c)经过上述槽形涂布区(11)，将粘合剂涂覆在所需的物体(8)上。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：粘合剂的混合和从涂布区(11)到混合区(10)的传送是在一个配料辊(2)的作用进行的，该配件辊基本平行于敷料辊(1)，且与之转向相反。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于：通过辊子(1，2)的环形圆周面和隔板(5)之间的间隙(6)来增加混合区(10)和涂布区(11)之间的流动阻力。
4.如权利要求1至3中任何一项所述的方法，其特征在于：在粘合剂中，含量最高的组份首先与敷料辊(1)的混合区(10)相接触，然后，通过辊子的转动，传至第二组份的配料处。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：所述粘合剂的组份为树脂和固化剂。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：混合后的粘合剂在位于涂布区上的螺旋槽的作用下均涂于整个涂布区(11)上，所述的槽可在辊子的转动期间，使一些粘合剂返回光滑的混合区(10)。
7.一种实施权利要求1至6中任何一项所述方法的装置，其特征在于：它包括一个可转动的敷料辊(1)，敷料辊(1)的圆周面具有一个基本为光滑表面的混合区(10)和一个在所述混合物旁边的涂布区(11)，涂布区上有沿辊子圆周面的槽，该装置还包括可将两种组份供至混合区(10)的装置(3，4)。
8.如权利要求7所述的装置，其特征在于，它还包括一个可相对于敷料辊(1)沿反向转动的配料辊(2)。
9.如权利要求7或8所述的装置，其特征在于，敷料辊(1)涂布区(11)的外径(φA)大于该辊(1)混合区(10)的直径。
10.如权利要求7所述的装置，其特征在于，涂布区(11)上的槽为螺旋形的，它能在辊子沿一定方向转动时，将槽中的粘合剂返回混合区(10)。
CN92110627A 1991-10-03 1992-09-28 一种混合和涂覆粘合剂的方法以及实施该方法的装置 Expired - Fee Related CN1039885C (zh)

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