CN103974979A - 通过胺对聚合物材料改性 - Google Patents

通过胺对聚合物材料改性 Download PDF

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CN103974979A
CN103974979A CN201280059302.5A CN201280059302A CN103974979A CN 103974979 A CN103974979 A CN 103974979A CN 201280059302 A CN201280059302 A CN 201280059302A CN 103974979 A CN103974979 A CN 103974979A
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迈克尔·贝克尔
托马斯·乔叟
奥利维尔·德伯韦
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Abstract

本发明涉及对包含反应性碳碳不饱和键的聚合物材料的改性以及涉及用于这样的改性的胺,包括氮丙啶。含有碳碳键的聚合物材料可通过交联而改性或可将其改性以使其易于交联。

Description

通过胺对聚合物材料改性
本发明涉及对包含反应性碳碳不饱和键的聚合物材料的改性以及涉及用于这样的改性的胺,包括哌嗪和氮丙啶。含有碳碳键的聚合物材料可通过交联或使其易于交联而改性。
用于对含有碳碳不饱和键的材料进行改性的许多胺(包括哌嗪和氮丙啶)是新的化合物。因此,本发明还涉及取代的哌嗪及其制备、取代的氮丙啶及其制备以及其他取代的胺及其制备。
Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry;Volume82,Issue5,Pages928-930;Journal2009;by V.M.Farzaliev,M.T.Abbasova,A.A.Ashurova,G.B.Babaeva,N.P.Ladokhina and Ya.M.Kerimova(《俄罗斯应用化学杂志》,第82卷第5期,第928-930页,2009年刊,V.M.Farzaliev、M.T.Abbasova、A.A.Ashurova、G.B.Babaeva、N.P.Ladokhina和Ya.M.Kerimova)中的文章描述了通过哌嗪与甲醛和脂肪醇的缩合而制备双(烷氧基甲基)哌嗪。
根据用于对含有碳碳不饱和键的聚合物材料进行改性的本发明另一方面的方法的特征在于将聚合物材料用化合物(II)处理,该化合物在其分子中含有至少两个式-OC(O)-(Az)-J的部分,其中Az表示通过其氮原子键合到基团J的氮丙啶环;并且J表示具有1至20个碳原子的烃基或取代的烃基或可包含另一个Az。
本发明的胺化合物(II)能够使含有碳碳不饱和键的聚合物材料交联。我们相信,在加热到例如用于弹性体加工的温度时,(II)的醚胺部分形成极具反应性的物质,该物质通过[2+3]环加成与存在于聚合物材料中的C=C键反应。
因此,在根据本发明的一种方法中,将聚合物材料和胺化合物(II)在120至200℃的温度下一起加热,聚合物材料从而被取代的氮丙啶交联。
在根据本发明的替代方法中,将聚合物材料和胺化合物(II)在0至120℃的温度下混合,随后在120至200℃的温度下加热以使聚合物材料交联。当在低于120℃的高温下混合时,可存在对聚合物材料的一定改性,该改性可通过红外光谱进行检测,例如至少一些胺化合物(II)可在无实质性交联的情况下键合到聚合物材料。
氮丙啶化合物(II)在其分子中含有至少两个式-OC(O)-(Az)-J的部分,其中Az表示通过其氮原子键合到基团J的氮丙啶环;并且J表示具有1至20个碳原子的烃基或取代的烃基。化合物(II)一般可通过使在其分子中含有至少两个式-OC(O)-CHBr-CH2Br的部分的2,3-二溴丙酸酯与式J-NH2的胺反应而制备。
包含至少两个式-OC(O)-CHBr-CH2Br的部分的2,3-二溴丙酸酯可通过使包含至少两个式-OC(O)-CH=CH2的丙烯酸酯基团的丙烯酸酯与溴在环境温度或更低的温度下反应而制备。
化合物(II)可例如具有式-OC(O)-(Az)-J-Az-(O)C-O-。本发明还包括通过使2,3-二溴丙酸酯与作为具有烃基或取代烃基间隔基团的二胺(例如乙二胺、聚醚(二胺))的J反应而制备这样的氮丙啶化合物(II)的方法。
化合物(II)可例如具有式Q(-OC(O)-(Az)-J)x,其中x=2至6;并且Q为具有至少x个羟基的多元醇的残基。此类化合物为新的化合物并构成本发明的一部分。本发明还包括通过使式Q(-OC(O)-CHBr-CH2Br)x的多元醇2,3-二溴丙酸酯(其中x=1至6并且Q为具有至少x个羟基的多元醇的残基)与式J-NH2的胺(其中J表示具有1至20个碳原子的烃基或取代的烃基)反应而制备这样的氮丙啶化合物(II)的方法。多元醇2,3-二溴丙酸酯可通过与溴反应而由多元醇聚丙烯酸酯制得。
可以溴化并与烷氧基甲硅烷基烷基胺反应的多元醇聚丙烯酸酯的例子包括二丙烯酸酯,诸如乙二醇二丙烯酸酯、二乙二醇和三乙二醇二丙烯酸酯以及不同链长度的聚乙二醇二丙烯酸酯、丙二醇二丙烯酸酯、二丙二醇和三丙二醇二丙烯酸酯以及不同链长度的聚丙二醇二丙烯酸酯、丁二醇-1,3-二丙烯酸酯和丁二醇-1,4-二丙烯酸酯、新戊二醇二丙烯酸酯、己二醇-1,6-二丙烯酸酯、异山梨糖醇二丙烯酸酯、1,4-环己烷二甲醇二丙烯酸酯、双酚-A-二丙烯酸酯以及用环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷延长的对苯二酚、间苯二酚的二丙烯酸酯;三丙烯酸酯,诸如三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯、甘油三丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基乙烷三丙烯酸酯、2-羟甲基丁二醇-1,4-三丙烯酸酯以及用环氧乙烷或环氧丙烷延长的甘油、三羟甲基乙烷或三羟甲基丙烷的三丙烯酸酯;以及更高级的多元醇丙烯酸酯,诸如季戊四醇四丙烯酸酯和二季戊四醇六丙烯酸酯。
式Q(-OC(O)-(Az)-J)x的优选化合物(II)的一个例子具有下式
其中R1表示具有1至6个碳原子的烷基。这可通过使三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯与溴反应以及使产生的2,3-二溴丙酸酯与烷基胺反应而制备。
氮丙啶化合物(II)作为另外一种选择可以为式M(-OC(O)-(Az)-J)m的金属羧酸盐,其中M表示化合价为m的金属离子;Az表示通过其氮原子键合到基团J的氮丙啶环;并且J表示具有1至20个碳原子的烃基或取代的烃基。此类氮丙啶金属羧酸盐化合物是新的化合物并构成本发明的一部分。
本发明还包括通过使下式的金属2,3-二溴丙酸盐:
M(-OC(O)-CHBr-CH2Br)2
(其中M表示二价金属离子)与式J-NH2的胺(其中J表示具有1至20个碳原子的烃基或取代的烃基)反应而制备这样的氮丙啶金属羧酸盐化合物(II)的方法。
下式的金属2,3-二溴丙酸盐:
M(-OC(O)-CHBr-CH2Br)2
可通过与溴反应而由相应的金属二丙烯酸盐制得。
优选的二价金属M为锌。替代的二价金属包括镁、铜和铁。优选的氮丙啶金属羧酸盐化合物(II)的一个例子具有下式
其中R1表示具有1至6个碳原子的烷基。这可通过使二丙烯酸锌与溴反应以及使产生的二(2,3-二溴丙酸)锌与烷基胺反应而制备。
含有碳碳不饱和键的聚合物材料可以例如为二烯橡胶。二烯弹性体可以例如为天然橡胶。二烯弹性体作为另外一种选择可以是合成的聚合物,该聚合物是二烯单体(带有两个碳-碳双键的单体,无论共轭与否)的均聚物或共聚物。优选地,弹性体是“基本上不饱和的”二烯弹性体,即至少部分地由共轭二烯单体产生,具有一定含量的二烯起源(共轭二烯)的成员或单元的二烯弹性体,该含量大于15摩尔%。更优选地,其为“高度不饱和的”二烯弹性体,该二烯弹性体具有大于50摩尔%的二烯起源(共轭二烯)单元含量。
该二烯弹性体可以例如是:
(a)通过具有4至12个碳原子的共轭二烯单体聚合而获得的任何均聚物;
(b)通过一种或多种二烯共轭共聚在一起或一种或多种二烯与一种或多种具有8至20个碳原子的乙烯基芳族化合物共聚而获得的任何共聚物;
(c)通过乙烯、具有3至6个碳原子的α-烯烃与具有6至12个碳原子的非共轭二烯单体的共聚而获得的三元共聚物,例如由乙烯、丙烯与上述类型的非共轭二烯单体(诸如特别是1,4-己二烯、乙叉降冰片烯或二环戊二烯)获得的弹性体;
(d)异丁烯与异戊二烯的共聚物(丁基橡胶),以及还有该类型共聚物的卤化,特别是氯化或溴化形式。
合适的共轭二烯包括1,3-丁二烯、2-甲基-1,3-丁二烯、2,3-二(Ci-C5烷基)-1,3-丁二烯(例如2,3-二甲基-1,3-丁二烯、2,3-二乙基-1,3-丁二烯、2-甲基-3-乙基-1,3-丁二烯、2-甲基-3-异丙基-1,3-丁二烯)、芳基-1,3-丁二烯、1,3-戊二烯和2,4-己二烯。
合适的乙烯基芳族化合物为例如苯乙烯、邻、间和对甲基苯乙烯、市售混合物“乙烯基甲苯”、对叔丁基苯乙烯、甲氧基苯乙烯、氯苯乙烯、乙烯基均三甲苯、二乙烯基苯和乙烯基萘。该共聚物可含有99重量%至20重量%的二烯单元和1重量%至80重量%的乙烯基芳族单元。该弹性体可具有任何微观结构,其取决于所用的聚合条件,特别是取决于改性剂和/或无规化剂(randomizing agent)的存在与否以及所用的改性剂和/或无规化剂的量。弹性体可例如是嵌段弹性体、统计弹性体、序列弹性体或微序列弹性体,并且可在分散体或溶液中制备;它们可用偶联剂和/或星形化剂(starringagent)或官能化剂进行偶联和/或星形化或者官能化。优选的嵌段共聚物的例子是苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯(SBS)嵌段共聚物和苯乙烯-乙烯/丁二烯-苯乙烯(SEBS)嵌段共聚物。
弹性体可以是通过锡偶联的溶液聚合制备的烷氧基硅烷封端的二烯聚合物或二烯与含烷氧基分子的共聚物。
式(II)的胺化合物可用作二烯弹性体的唯一交联剂,或可与已知的用于弹性体组合物的固化剂,例如常规的硫磺硫化剂一起使用。
式(II)的胺化合物尤其是取代的哌嗪作为另外一种选择可掺入二烯弹性体组合物中,尤其是用于轮胎的天然橡胶组合物中,以作为抗硫化返原剂。抗硫化返原剂是用于天然橡胶中以在橡胶高温(160℃)降解时使橡胶“愈合”和固化的试剂。胎面的耐热性通常是旨在以相对高的速度驱动的车辆轮胎的一个因素。热在轮胎被以相对高的速度驱动时在胎面橡胶化合物内固有地生成,从而导致胎面本身内的温度升高。
需要降低硫固化胎面橡胶组合物内的升温速率,同时伴随其耐热性的增加。将式(II)的胺化合物尤其是取代的哌嗪掺入胎面橡胶组合物中减缓胎面橡胶组合物内的升温速率。
当将式(II)的胺化合物作为抗硫化返原剂掺入硫固化的胎面橡胶组合物中时,式(I)的胺化合物可例如与硫化体系一起添加。橡胶组合物优选地用常规的两个连续的制备阶段制备:在高温下进行机械或热-机械混合或捏合(“非生产”阶段),然后在较低温度下(通常低于110℃,例如在40℃与100℃之间)进行第二阶段的机械混合(“生产”阶段),在该第二阶段中掺入硫化体系。如果将式(I)的胺化合物在此较低的温度下掺入橡胶组合物,则其在生产固化橡胶的过程中不主要用作交联剂,而是留在橡胶组合物中用作抗硫化返原剂。
含有碳碳不饱和键的聚合物材料作为另外一种选择可以为含有烯基的有机聚硅氧烷。有机聚硅氧烷的烯基的例子包括乙烯基、烯丙基、丁烯基、戊烯基、己烯基和庚烯基,其中乙烯基是优选的。有机聚硅氧烷中所含的非烯基的硅键合有机基团的示例可以为甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、戊基、己基或相似的烷基;苯基、甲苯基、二甲苯基或相似的芳基;或3-氯丙基、3,3,3-三氟丙基或相似的卤素取代的基团。优选地,非烯基的基团为甲基并任选地为苯基。
对于许多用途,优选的是,有机聚硅氧烷的大部分具有主要为线性的分子结构,诸如聚二有机硅氧烷。有机聚硅氧烷可例如包括α,ω-乙烯基二甲基硅氧基聚二甲基硅氧烷、甲基乙烯基硅氧烷和二甲基硅氧烷单元的α,ω-乙烯基二甲基硅氧基共聚物和/或甲基乙烯基硅氧烷和二甲基硅氧烷单元的α,ω-三甲基硅氧基共聚物。
除此之外或作为另外一种选择,有机聚硅氧烷可包含含有烯基单元的支化有机聚硅氧烷。这样的支化有机聚硅氧烷可例如包含具有(CH3)2ViSiO1/2和/或(CH3)3SiO1/2并任选CH3Vi SiO2/2和/或(CH3)2SiO2/2单元的ViSiO3/2(其中Vi表示乙烯基)、CH3SiO3/2和/或SiO4/2支化单元,前提是存在至少一个乙烯基。支化有机聚硅氧烷可例如由以下部分组成:(i)一个或多个式(SiO4/2)的Q单元,和(ii)15至995个式Rb 2SiO2/2的D单元,所述单元(i)和(ii)可以任何合适的组合互连,以及式RaRb 2SiO1/2的M单元,其中各Ra取代基选自具有1至6个碳原子的烷基、具有1至6个碳原子的烯基以及具有1至6个碳原子的炔基,支化硅氧烷中的至少三个Ra取代基为烯基或炔基单元,并且各Rb取代基选自具有1至6个碳原子的烷基、具有2至6个碳原子的烯基、芳基、烷氧基、丙烯酸酯基团和甲基丙烯酸酯基团,如在US-B-6806339中所述。
聚有机硅氧烷可例如具有25℃下至少100mPa.s,优选至少300mPa.s的粘度,并可具有最高90000mPa.s,优选最高70000mPa.s的粘度。
将含有烯基的有机聚硅氧烷例如用在用于纸张和其他基材的防粘涂层组合物中,以及用在用于涂布气囊或用于其他应用的液体硅酮橡胶组合物中。式(II)的胺化合物尤其是取代的哌嗪可在此类组合物中用作交联剂的全部或一部分。
实例
预想实例1
季戊四醇-三氮丙啶交联剂的详细合成。将向配有冷凝器、氮气吹扫和磁力搅拌器的1L双颈圆底烧瓶中加入29.8g正丁胺、97.6g三乙胺和400mL甲苯并用氮气惰化。将向该冰冷的混合物中逐滴加入100.0g季戊四醇三-(2,3-二溴丙酸酯)在160mL甲苯中的溶液。将混合物回流6小时,通过硅藻土滤除固体。将溶剂和挥发物在真空下除去,得到三氮丙啶交联剂。氮丙啶环的形成将通过核磁共振光谱进行确认。

Claims (13)

1.一种用于对含有碳碳不饱和键的聚合物材料进行改性的方法,其特征在于将所述聚合物材料用化合物(II)处理,所述化合物在其分子中含有至少两个式-OC(O)-(Az)-J的部分,其中Az表示通过其氮原子键合到基团J的氮丙啶环;并且J表示具有1至20个碳原子的烃基或取代的烃基。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述化合物(II)具有式Q(-OC(O)-(Az)-J)x,其中x=2至6;并且Q为具有至少x个羟基的多元醇的残基。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述化合物(II)具有式M(-OC(O)-(Az)-J)m,其中M表示化合价为m的金属离子,优选为二价金属离子。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中将所述聚合物材料和所述化合物(II)在120至200℃的温度下一起加热,从而所述聚合物材料被所述化合物(II)交联。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中将所述聚合物材料和所述化合物(II)在0至120℃的温度下混合,随后在120至200℃的温度下加热以使所述聚合物材料交联。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于所述聚合物材料为二烯橡胶。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于所述聚合物材料为含有烯基的有机聚硅氧烷。
8.一种具有式Q(-OC(O)-(Az)-J)x的氮丙啶化合物,其中x=1至6;Q为具有至少x个羟基的多元醇的残基;Az表示通过其氮原子键合到基团J的氮丙啶环;并且J表示具有1至20个碳原子的烃基或取代的烃基。根据权利要求8所述的氮丙啶化合物,其具有下式:
其中R1表示具有1至6个碳原子的烷基。
9.一种用于制备根据权利要求8所述的氮丙啶化合物的方法,其特征在于使下式的多元醇2,3-二溴丙酸酯:
Q(-OC(O)-CHBr-CH2Br)x
与式J-NH2的胺反应,其中x=1至6并且Q为具有至少x个羟基的多元醇的残基,J表示具有1至20个碳原子的烃基或取代的烃基。
10.一种具有式M(-OC(O)-(Az)-J)2的氮丙啶化合物,其中M表示二价金属离子;Az表示通过其氮原子键合到基团J的氮丙啶环;并且J表示具有1至20个碳原子的烃基或取代的烃基。
11.根据权利要求11所述的氮丙啶化合物,具有下式:
其中R1表示具有1至6个碳原子的烷基。
12.一种用于制备根据权利要求12所述的氮丙啶化合物的方法,其特征在于使下式的金属2,3-二溴丙酸盐:
M(-OC(O)-CHBr-CH2Br)2
与式J-NH2的胺反应,其中M表示二价金属离子,J表示具有1至20个碳原子的烃基或取代的烃基。
13.在其分子中含有至少两个式-OC(O)-(Az)-J的部分的化合物(II)的用途,其中Az表示通过其氮原子键合到基团J的氮丙啶环;并且J表示具有1至20个碳原子的烃基或取代的烃基;其用作用于含有碳碳不饱和键的聚合物材料的交联剂。
CN201280059302.5A 2011-12-08 2012-12-07 通过胺对聚合物材料改性 Pending CN103974979A (zh)

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