CN103962734A - Laser cutting rapid zooming mechanism and rapid zooming punching method - Google Patents
Laser cutting rapid zooming mechanism and rapid zooming punching method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN103962734A CN103962734A CN201410217504.9A CN201410217504A CN103962734A CN 103962734 A CN103962734 A CN 103962734A CN 201410217504 A CN201410217504 A CN 201410217504A CN 103962734 A CN103962734 A CN 103962734A
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- laser
- cavity
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- cutting
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/04—Automatically aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam, e.g. using the back-scattered light
- B23K26/046—Automatically focusing the laser beam
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/18—Sheet panels
Abstract
The invention discloses a laser cutting rapid zooming mechanism and a rapid zooming punching method in the technical field of laser cutting. The mechanism comprises a cutting head and a reflecting mirror, the reflecting mirror comprises a reflecting lens made of elastic material, the reflecting lens is installed on a sealed cavity, the cavity is connected with a pressure control mechanism, and the surface curvature radius of the reflecting lens is changed along with changes of pressure inside the cavity. When punching is performed, first a nozzle is 5-6 mm away from the surface of a workpiece, internal pressure of the cavity is changed, laser is focused 0.9-1.1 mm above the surface of the workpiece, a pit is formed; the focus moves downwards to 4-5 mm in the workpiece to continue the punching, finally the nozzle moves downwards to 0.9-1.1 mm above the surface of the workpiece, and the reflecting lens is a plane mirror until the laser cutting penetrates the workpiece. According to the mechanism and the method, the workpiece is cut more easily, splashed objects can be prevented from adhering to a focusing lens, punching efficiency is improved, hole exposure is avoided, the punching is stable, and cutting quality is high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of plate processing device and processing method, particularly a kind of laser cutting machine.
Background technology
Laser cutting is, using laser as a kind of manufacturing process, metal or nonmetal plate are carried out to cutting processing, can be in flat sheet the curve of processing linear and arbitrary shape, be widely used in Electric Manufacture, automobile, meter switch, textile machine, Transport Machinery, household electrical appliances manufacture, lift facility manufacture, food industry, decoration and advertisement and laser machining station etc.
The process of laser cutting is first to utilize the Ear Mucosa Treated by He Ne Laser Irradiation rapidoprint of the high power density of line focus, make irradiated material melt rapidly, vaporize, simultaneously by the high velocity air blowing melt substance coaxial with light beam, first on workpiece, form a hole, then kinematic system drives cutter sweep or processing work to move, laser melts the workpiece of irradiated position, vaporize, and is blown away by assist gas, thereby realizes cutting.
In prior art, when laser beam perforation, laser beam reflexes on the focusing lens in cutting head through plane mirror, and line focus mirror is radiated on workpiece by cutting torch after focusing on, and after laser beam focusing, forms a focus at surface of the work; Nozzle from surface of the work close to, be about 1mm, in the time that Kong Wei is punched, all vapours, splash all splash from blind hole, once punch,, under the winding-up of assist gas, these materials can be blown away from workpiece below; Therefore, the splash in perforation procedure easily sticks on the lower surface of focusing lens, can reduce cut quality and even cause cutting unsuccessfully after focusing lens pollutes; In existing laser cutting device, the position of focus after laser beam focusing on workpiece is constant, the part of not punched along with sheet material in perforation procedure reduces, cut point is off-focal progressively, causes spot diameter to become large, and energy is concentrated not, aperture time is long, easily blast hole, especially, in the time of the heavy-gauge sheeting of cutting 8 ~ 25mm, the problems referred to above more easily occur.Be that focusing lens is made to adaptations with the change in depth of sheet material perforation than the solution thinking that is easier to expect, make laser beam foucing position respective change.But in fact, adopt cause in this way cutting head complex structure, reliability is low and cost is higher, in addition, along with focusing lens is from the reducing of plate surface distance, splash more easily sticks on focusing lens.Therefore, adopt that traditional perforation means can cause the working (machining) efficiency of lathe low, cutting parts is easily scrapped, focusing lens loss is high.
Summary of the invention
One of object of the present invention is to provide a kind of laser cutting fast zoom mechanism, makes its focal position variable, to adapt to the work piece cut of different-thickness, improves piercing efficiency and perforation quality.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this: a kind of laser cutting fast zoom mechanism, comprise cutting head and speculum, cutting head is provided with focusing lens, the below that is positioned at focusing lens on cutting head is provided with the nozzle for spraying assist gas, described speculum arranges on laser optical path, and the position of speculum meets and just the reverberation of laser is radiated on focusing lens; Described speculum comprises the reflecting optics of being made up of elastomeric material, and described reflecting optics is arranged on airtight cavity, and described cavity is connected with pressure control mechanism, and the surface curvature radius of reflecting optics changes with the variation of the pressure in cavity.
When use, by changing the interior pressure of cavity, the radian on reflecting optics surface is changed, thereby change the focal position of the laser beam after focusing lens focuses on, make it be easier to cutting, avoid splash to adhere on focusing lens, improve cutting efficiency, avoid blast hole simultaneously.
Two of the object of the invention is to provide a kind of laser cutting fast zoom method for punching that utilizes above-mentioned laser cutting fast zoom mechanism to carry out, and can on medium-thick plate, bore a hole fast, improves perforation quality simultaneously.
For this reason, the present invention also provides a kind of laser cutting fast zoom method for punching: it is characterized in that comprising the steps:
1) cutting head is moved to workpiece top, make nozzle on cutting head from surface of the work 5 ~ 6mm;
2) in the cavity of a kind of laser fast zoom claimed in claim 1 mechanism, apply certain pressure, making reflecting optics is convex mirror, and makes focus after laser beam line focus eyeglass focuses on be positioned at the top of workpiece, first opens assist gas, then opens laser;
3) increase in cavity and press, make reflecting optics surface curvature change, the focus after laser beam line focus eyeglass focuses on moves down into surface of the work top 0.9 ~ 1.1mm, makes laser get a pit at surface of the work;
4) continue to increase in cavity and press, make the focus after laser beam line focus eyeglass focuses on move down into 4 ~ 5mm under surface of the work, laser cuts the inside workpiece of pit below;
5) decline cutting head, makes nozzle from surface of the work 0.9 ~ 1.1mm, changes in cavity and presses, and makes reflecting optics surface for plane, and now, the focus of laser beam is roughly positioned at workpiece surface, keeps straightening to laser cutting in this cavity to penetrate workpiece.
The method is particularly suitable for the middle thick carbon steel plate workpiece of cutting thickness 8 ~ 25mm.Before cutting head declines, the distance of focusing lens and surface of the work is large, and splash is difficult for being splashed on focusing lens, has ensured focusing lens reliable operation; After surface of the work pit forms, the focus of laser beam moves to 4 ~ 5mm under surface of the work in real time, can make pit deepen gradually, and the metallic material of workpiece, vaporization constantly blown away by assist gas; Nozzle location declines subsequently, on the one hand assisted gas physical efficiency is better blown in pit, avoid melt liquid contact oxygen and spontaneous combustion, on the other hand, now pit has gathered amount of heat, the liquid of melting is vaporized more, and splash is less, and cutting head can be realized the cutting after perforation after declining better, its control is relatively simple, energy utilization efficiency is high, and perforation is stable, can improve cutting stability.Finally by reflecting optics is changed into level crossing, it is remained to has bored a hole, after perforation completes, along with the movement of workbench and cutting head, can cut out the workpiece of setting shape at plate surface, when cutting, the liquid of melting is blown away from workpiece below, therefore the state of level crossing can remain to the last of whole piece joint-cutting, therefore, adopts the method for zoom to be applicable in perforation processing.Compared with prior art, piercing efficiency of the present invention is high, and perforation is stable, can improve cut quality.
As a further improvement on the present invention, the focus after laser beam line focus eyeglass focuses on moves down into after surface of the work, keeps pressing 0.25 ~ 0.35 second in cavity.In addition, the focus after laser beam line focus eyeglass focuses on moves down under surface of the work after 4 ~ 5mm, and thickness of slab keeps pressing 0.4 ~ 0.5 second in cavity in the time of 8～15mm, and thickness of slab keeps pressing 1.5 ~ 1.6 seconds in cavity in the time of 16～25mm.By above-mentioned of short duration time delay, can ensure that reflecting optics maintains on stable radian, the focus after laser beam line focus eyeglass focuses on remains unchanged, can be at local accumulation energy, be beneficial to and get pit and the melt liquid in pit is blown away in time, avoid splash to adhere on focusing lens.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that the focus of laser beam is positioned at the surface of the work fundamental diagram in when top.
Fig. 2 is the partial enlarged drawing of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the fundamental diagram of the focus of laser beam while moving down into 4～5mm under surface of the work.
Fig. 4 is the partial enlarged drawing of Fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is the cut state figure of reflecting optics while being level crossing.
Wherein, 1 laser beam, 2 speculums, 2a reflecting optics, 2b cavity, 3 cutting heads, 4 focusing lens, 5 nozzles, 6 focuses, 7 workpiece, 8 assist gas bundles, 9 splashes.
Detailed description of the invention
As shown in fig. 1, laser cutting fast zoom mechanism, comprise cutting head 3 and speculum 2, cutting head 3 is provided with focusing lens 4, the below that is positioned at focusing lens 4 on cutting head 3 is provided with the nozzle 5 for spraying assist gas, speculum 2 is arranged on laser optical path, and the position of speculum 2 meets and just the reverberation of laser is radiated on focusing lens 4; Speculum 2 comprises the reflecting optics 2a being made up of elastomeric material, reflecting optics 2a is arranged on airtight cavity 2b, cavity 2b is connected with pressure control mechanism, the surface curvature radius of reflecting optics 2a changes with the variation of the pressure in cavity 2b, can adopt the interior pressure of hydraulic pressure or air pressure control cavity 2b.After the surface curvature change in radius of reflecting optics 2a, laser beam 1 is through reflecting optics 2a reflection, and after 4 refractions of line focus eyeglass, the position of the focus 6 of laser beam 1 changes.
As shown in Fig. 1 ~ 5, carry out the perforation of laser cutting fast zoom with above-mentioned laser cutting fast zoom mechanism, method for punching carries out as follows:
1) cutting head 3 is moved to workpiece 7 tops, workpiece is the carbon steel sheet of thickness 10mm, preferably cuts the middle thick carbon steel plate of 8 ~ 25mm; First make nozzle 5 on cutting head 3 from workpiece 7 surface 5 ~ 6mm, be preferably 5.5mm; This distance is larger than the distance of the 1mm left and right of normal cutting.
2) in cavity 2b, apply certain pressure, making reflecting optics 2a is convex mirror, and makes focus 6 after laser beam 1 line focus eyeglass 4 focuses on be positioned at the top of workpiece, first opens assist gas, open laser, assist gas bundle 8 and laser beam 1 penetrate from the centre bore of nozzle 5 again.
3) increase in cavity and press, make reflecting optics surface curvature change, the focus after laser beam line focus eyeglass focuses on moves down into surface of the work top 0.9 ~ 1.1mm, keeps pressing 0.25 ~ 0.35 second in cavity, makes laser get a pit on workpiece 7 surfaces; In Fig. 2, splash 9 sputters, because focusing lens 4 is distant, can not be splashed on focusing lens 4, and assist gas, from nozzle 5 ejections, forms assist gas bundle 8, and it has isolated air, avoids metal material burning.
4) continue to increase in cavity 2b and press, focus 6 after laser beam 1 line focus eyeglass 4 focuses on is moved down into after the lower 4 ~ 5mm in workpiece 7 surfaces, keep pressing 0.4 ~ 0.5 second in cavity, laser is cut the inside workpiece of pit below, can be as shown in Figures 3 and 4, the metal of pit bottom melting, vaporization is constantly blown out by assist gas bundle 8, and pit depth continues to increase.Assist gas bundle 8 can be avoided the metal material spontaneous combustion in pit, thereby can use larger laser power.
5) decline cutting head 3, make nozzle 5 from surface of the work 0.9 ~ 1.1mm, be preferably 1mm, change in cavity and press, make reflecting optics 2a surface for plane, now, the focus 6 of laser beam 1 is roughly positioned at workpiece 7 upper surfaces, and this is to be determined by the inherent characteristic of focusing lens 4, at nozzle 5 during from surface of the work 0.9 ~ 1.1mm, the focus of focusing lens 4, roughly at workpiece 7 upper surfaces, can keep straightening to laser cutting in this cavity to penetrate workpiece.
This laser cutting has adopted three grades of quick method for punching of zoom, position by real-time adjustment beam focus on workpiece, in conjunction with the distance on move up and down Control Nozzle 5 and workpiece 7 surfaces of cutting head, can adjust in real time laser beam perforation power and assist gas pressure simultaneously, realize in five steps perforation fast, improve approximately 400% for the piercing efficiency of middle thick carbon steel plate (t=8～25mm) than traditional approach especially.Due to initial stage and the mid-term of perforation, it is large that the distance of nozzle and surface of the work becomes, and beam focus position declines in real time with perforation procedure simultaneously, and perforation is stable, avoids spontaneous combustion and blast hole phenomenon, prevents that focusing lens 4 from being polluted fast, has improved cutting stability.Through evidence: the method significantly promotes laser beam perforation efficiency, install that it is simple in structure, it is convenient to control, and automaticity is high, and effect is remarkable.
In above-mentioned processing method, the focus 6 after laser beam 1 line focus eyeglass 4 focuses on moves down into after the workpiece 7 lower 4 ~ 5mm in surface, when thickness of slab is during at 8～15mm, keeps pressing 0.4 ~ 0.5 second in cavity; Thickness of slab, in the time of 16～25mm, keeps pressing 1.5 ~ 1.6 seconds in cavity.Can there is better perforation effect.
The present invention is not limited to above-described embodiment; on the basis of technical scheme disclosed by the invention; those skilled in the art is according to disclosed technology contents; do not need performing creative labour just can make some replacements and distortion to some technical characterictics wherein, these replacements and distortion are all in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a laser cutting fast zoom mechanism, comprise cutting head and speculum, cutting head is provided with focusing lens, the below that is positioned at focusing lens on cutting head is provided with the nozzle for spraying assist gas, described speculum arranges on laser optical path, and the position of speculum meets and just the reverberation of laser is radiated on focusing lens; It is characterized in that: described speculum comprises the reflecting optics of being made up of elastomeric material, described reflecting optics is arranged on airtight cavity, and described cavity is connected with pressure control mechanism, and the surface curvature radius of reflecting optics changes with the variation of the pressure in cavity.
2. a laser cutting fast zoom method for punching: it is characterized in that comprising the steps:
1) cutting head is moved to workpiece top, make nozzle on cutting head from surface of the work 5 ~ 6mm;
2) in the cavity of a kind of laser fast zoom claimed in claim 1 mechanism, apply certain pressure, making reflecting optics is convex mirror, and makes focus after laser beam line focus eyeglass focuses on be positioned at the top of workpiece, first opens assist gas, then opens laser;
3) increase in cavity and press, make reflecting optics surface curvature change, the focus after laser beam line focus eyeglass focuses on moves down into surface of the work top 0.9 ~ 1.1mm, makes laser get a pit at surface of the work;
4) continue to increase in cavity and press, make the focus after laser beam line focus eyeglass focuses on move down into 4 ~ 5mm under surface of the work, laser cuts the inside workpiece of pit below;
5) decline cutting head, makes nozzle from surface of the work 0.9 ~ 1.1mm, changes in cavity and presses, and makes reflecting optics surface for plane, and now, the focus of laser beam is roughly positioned at workpiece surface, keeps straightening to laser cutting in this cavity to penetrate workpiece.
3. laser cutting fast zoom method for punching according to claim 2: it is characterized in that: described workpiece is the middle thick carbon steel plate of thickness 8 ~ 25mm.
4., according to the laser cutting fast zoom method for punching described in claim 2 or 3: it is characterized in that: the focus after laser beam line focus eyeglass focuses on moves down into after surface of the work, keep pressing 0.25 ~ 0.35 second in cavity.
5., according to the laser cutting fast zoom method for punching described in claim 2 or 3: it is characterized in that: the focus after laser beam line focus eyeglass focuses on moves down under surface of the work after 4 ~ 5mm, thickness of slab, in the time of 8～15mm, keeps pressing 0.4 ~ 0.5 second in cavity; Thickness of slab, in the time of 16～25mm, keeps pressing 1.5 ~ 1.6 seconds in cavity.
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104708214A (en) * | 2014-12-02 | 2015-06-17 | 苏州领创激光科技有限公司 | Laser cutting process control sampling theory and control method |
| CN105834598A (en) * | 2016-06-14 | 2016-08-10 | 武汉天琪激光设备制造有限公司 | Steel plate laser perforation method |
| CN106799544A (en) * | 2017-01-23 | 2017-06-06 | 大族激光科技产业集团股份有限公司 | Laser drilling method |
| CN107020450A (en) * | 2016-01-29 | 2017-08-08 | 发那科株式会社 | Laser machine |
| CN107096995A (en) * | 2017-06-22 | 2017-08-29 | 奔腾激光(温州)有限公司 | Laser cutting machine cutting head focusing system |
| CN109031618A (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2018-12-18 | 常州爱上学教育科技有限公司 | It can reduce the pick-up lens of later period special video effect production |
| CN110711937A (en) * | 2019-11-14 | 2020-01-21 | 安徽同兴科技发展有限责任公司 | Parameter determination method for laser focusing of cutting machine |
| CN111618430A (en) * | 2019-02-28 | 2020-09-04 | 通快机床两合公司 | Laser puncturing method and corresponding controller, laser processing machine and readable program carrier |
| CN113874157A (en) * | 2019-05-08 | 2021-12-31 | Ws光学技术有限责任公司 | Method for beam machining a workpiece |
| CN113977112A (en) * | 2021-11-12 | 2022-01-28 | 武汉威士登自动化控制技术有限公司 | High-speed laser perforation method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104708214A (en) * | 2014-12-02 | 2015-06-17 | 苏州领创激光科技有限公司 | Laser cutting process control sampling theory and control method |
| CN107020450B (en) * | 2016-01-29 | 2019-10-15 | 发那科株式会社 | Laser machine |
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| CN107096995A (en) * | 2017-06-22 | 2017-08-29 | 奔腾激光(温州)有限公司 | Laser cutting machine cutting head focusing system |
| CN111618430A (en) * | 2019-02-28 | 2020-09-04 | 通快机床两合公司 | Laser puncturing method and corresponding controller, laser processing machine and readable program carrier |
| CN113874157A (en) * | 2019-05-08 | 2021-12-31 | Ws光学技术有限责任公司 | Method for beam machining a workpiece |
| CN110711937A (en) * | 2019-11-14 | 2020-01-21 | 安徽同兴科技发展有限责任公司 | Parameter determination method for laser focusing of cutting machine |
| CN113977112A (en) * | 2021-11-12 | 2022-01-28 | 武汉威士登自动化控制技术有限公司 | High-speed laser perforation method |
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