CN111618430A - Laser puncturing method and corresponding controller, laser processing machine and readable program carrier - Google Patents
Laser puncturing method and corresponding controller, laser processing machine and readable program carrier Download PDFInfo
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- CN111618430A CN111618430A CN201910149839.4A CN201910149839A CN111618430A CN 111618430 A CN111618430 A CN 111618430A CN 201910149839 A CN201910149839 A CN 201910149839A CN 111618430 A CN111618430 A CN 111618430A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
- B23K26/142—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor for the removal of by-products
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/36—Removing material
- B23K26/38—Removing material by boring or cutting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for laser piercing a workpiece (6), comprising at least the following steps: a pre-piercing step for forming an initial pit (12) on the surface of the workpiece (6) in one step with a laser beam (5) in the presence of a first assist gas; and a piercing step for piercing the workpiece (6) with the laser beam (5) from the bottom of the initial pit (12) with the second assist gas; wherein the opening diameter of the initial pit (12) is larger than the diameter of the puncture hole formed in the puncturing step. A corresponding controller (11) for a laser processing machine, a corresponding laser processing machine and a corresponding non-volatile computer-readable program carrier are also disclosed. Compared with the prior art, the invention can protect some hardware of the laser cutting machine, greatly improve the puncture quality and the puncture efficiency and reduce the processing cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for laser piercing a workpiece, to a controller for a laser processing machine, to a laser processing machine and to a non-volatile computer-readable program carrier.
Background
Laser cutting is widely applied due to the advantages of high speed, narrow kerf, small heat affected zone, good kerf edge verticality and the like, and is particularly favorable for cutting plates.
Currently, the laser lancing processes available, particularly for medium-thickness stainless steels, can be broadly divided into high power rapid lancing and low power pulsed oxygen lancing.
For high-power rapid puncture, the high-power rapid puncture has the advantages of high puncture speed and the defects of large puncture hole and much splashing, a large amount of slag pile is formed around the puncture point, the cutting near the puncture point is influenced, and even the cutting near the puncture point cannot be normally cut. For example, an excessively large slag pile can cause a distance sensor provided on the laser processing head to recognize the slag pile as a disturbing profile and erroneously control the movement of the laser processing head, for example, moving the laser processing head away from the workpiece. It is also possible that an irregular slag pile makes the distance sensor unrecognizable, so that the cutting head directly hits the slag pile causing an alarm shutdown of the machine tool or damage to the machining head. In addition, high power quick puncture can have high intensity reflected light, which is very easy to cause damage to the light path and the light source.
For low power pulsed oxygen lancing, the advantage is that the puncture is small and there is little slag pile around the puncture site. Due to the fact that low power pulse puncture is used, low reflected light cannot damage the light path and the light source easily. The defects are that the puncture time is long and the working efficiency is low.
For this reason, there is a strong need for improvement of the existing puncturing process.
Disclosure of Invention
It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved method of laser piercing a workpiece, a corresponding controller for a laser processing machine, a corresponding laser processing machine and a corresponding non-volatile computer-readable program carrier, which overcome at least some of the disadvantages of the prior art.
To this end, according to a first aspect of the invention, a method for laser piercing a workpiece is provided, the method comprising at least the following steps: a pre-piercing step for forming an initial pit on a surface of a workpiece in one step with a laser beam in the case of a first assist gas; and a piercing step for piercing the workpiece with the laser beam from the bottom of the initial pit with the second assist gas; wherein the opening diameter of the initial pit is larger than the diameter of the puncture hole formed in the puncturing step.
According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, the method further comprises the steps of: a shaping step, carried out after the piercing step, for shaping the slag pile formed by the piercing operation with a laser beam in the presence of a third auxiliary gas in order to reduce the height of the slag pile and/or to smooth the surface of the slag pile.
According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, the method further comprises the steps of: a reaming step performed after the shaping step, the reaming step for enlarging the penetration hole with a laser beam in the case of a fourth assist gas.
According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, the method further comprises the steps of: an oil injection step performed before the pre-piercing step, said oil injection step being used to coat the piercing site with a layer of laser piercing lubricating oil.
According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, in the pre-piercing step, the focal point of the laser beam is set at a first focal position above the workpiece; and/or adjusting the laser processing head to a first predetermined height relative to the upper surface of the workpiece; and/or injecting a first assist gas at a first predetermined pressure; and/or irradiating a laser beam in the form of a pulsed laser of a first predetermined frequency.
According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, in the piercing step, the focal point of the laser beam is set at a second focal point position within the workpiece below the initial pit; and/or adjusting the laser processing head to a second predetermined height relative to the upper surface of the workpiece, wherein the second predetermined height is less than the first predetermined height; and/or injecting a second assist gas at a second predetermined pressure, wherein the second predetermined pressure is greater than the first predetermined pressure; and/or turning on side-blown gas; and/or irradiating the laser beam in the form of pulse laser with average power gradually changing from high to low and second predetermined frequency, wherein the second predetermined frequency is higher than the first predetermined frequency.
According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, in the shaping step, the focal point of the laser beam is set at a third focal point position above the workpiece, which is higher than the first focal point position; and/or adjusting the laser processing head to a third predetermined height relative to the upper surface of the workpiece, wherein the third predetermined height is greater than the first predetermined height; and/or injecting a third assist gas at a third predetermined pressure, wherein the third predetermined pressure is less than the second predetermined pressure; and/or turning on side-blown gas; and/or irradiating the laser beam in the form of a pulsed laser of a third predetermined frequency, wherein the third predetermined frequency is less than the second predetermined frequency.
According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, in the reaming step, a fourth auxiliary gas is injected at a fourth predetermined pressure, wherein the fourth predetermined pressure is greater than the first predetermined pressure; and/or adjusting the laser processing head to a fourth predetermined height relative to the upper surface of the workpiece, wherein the fourth predetermined height is less than the second predetermined height and/or corresponds to a height at which the laser processing head subsequently performs a cut from the pierced hole.
According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, the reaming step comprises at least the following sub-steps: a first reaming sub-step performed after the shaping step, the first reaming sub-step for enlarging a portion of the pierced hole away from the initial dimple, wherein a focus of the laser beam is set at a fourth focus position within the workpiece below the initial dimple; and a second reaming sub-step performed after the first reaming sub-step, the second reaming sub-step for further enlarging a portion of the pierced hole away from the initial dimple, wherein a focus of the laser beam is adjusted toward a direction of the laser processing head as compared to when the first reaming sub-step is performed.
According to an alternative embodiment of the present invention, in the first broaching sub-step, the focal point of the laser beam is brought close to the central position of the thickness of the workpiece; and/or in a second reaming sub-step, reaming the laser beam in the form of a continuous wave of highest average power; and/or the first reaming sub-step and the second reaming sub-step are alternately and repeatedly performed.
According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, all the secondary gases used during the puncture are the same type of non-oxygen gas; and/or the side-blown gas is air; and/or the workpiece is a stainless steel plate.
According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, the non-oxygen gas is nitrogen and/or air; and/or all of the assist gas used during the lancing process (except for the side-blown gas) is the same type of gas as the assist gas used during the subsequent cutting process.
According to a second aspect of the invention, a controller for a laser processing machine is provided, wherein the controller is configured to perform the above method.
According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a laser processing machine, wherein the laser processing machine includes: a laser beam generator, a movable laser processing head, a workpiece support, and the controller.
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a non-volatile computer readable program carrier, wherein the non-volatile computer readable program carrier stores program instructions for performing the above method when executed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention can protect some hardware of the laser cutting machine, greatly improve the puncture quality and the puncture efficiency and reduce the processing cost.
Drawings
The principles, features and advantages of the present invention may be better understood by describing the invention in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The drawings comprise:
fig. 1 schematically shows a perspective view of a laser processing machine according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 shows a pre-piercing step for forming the initial pits in one step.
Fig. 3 shows a piercing step for piercing the stainless steel plate from the bottom of the initial pit, which is performed after the pre-piercing step.
Fig. 4 shows a shaping step for shaping the formed slag pile, which is performed after the piercing step.
Fig. 5-6 illustrate a reaming step for enlarging the puncture hole performed after the reshaping step.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and exemplary embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and do not limit the scope of the invention.
Fig. 1 schematically shows a perspective view of a laser processing machine according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, which is embodied here as a laser cutting machine 1, but a person skilled in the art, particularly after reading the following detailed description, will realize that the inventive concept is not restricted to application in laser processing machines, but can also be applied in other types of processing machines, such as laser welding machines or combined punching/laser cutting machines.
As shown in fig. 1, a laser cutting machine 1 mainly includes a laser beam generator 2, a movable laser processing head 3, and a workpiece support base 4. The laser beam generator 2 may be, for example, a carbon dioxide laser, a diode laser, a solid-state laser or the like, the laser beam generator 2 being used to generate a laser beam 5, which laser beam 5 may be conducted from the laser beam generator 2 to the laser processing head 3 by means of a laser conducting device (not shown), such as a deflection mirror or an optical fiber. The workpiece 6 is supported on the workpiece support base 4. The laser beam 5 irradiates the workpiece 6 by means of optics, for example focusing optics, which are arranged on the laser processing head 3, for example, in order to cut or pierce the workpiece.
Furthermore, it is also generally necessary to supply an auxiliary gas, for example, air, oxygen, nitrogen or any suitable combination of gases, from the auxiliary gas source 7 through a delivery duct during laser machining in order to cooperate in completing the laser machining process. In practice, a suitable auxiliary gas can be selected, for example, as a function of the type of material of the workpiece 6 to be machined and/or the quality requirements for the cut edges and/or considerations for machining costs and efficiency. In the machining process, the machining is generally performed while the laser is irradiated to the corresponding portion of the workpiece 6, and the assist gas is blown to the machining portion. For this purpose, an auxiliary gas nozzle 8 is usually provided in the laser processing head 3.
The auxiliary gas may, if desired, have a physical effect, for example blowing away slag from laser machining, or may have a chemical effect, for example, in the case of air, oxidizing the machining area.
The assist gas is not limited to being blown to the machining site only from the direction of the laser machining head 3, and may be blown to the machining site from the side of the laser machining head 3, that is, blown to the side.
Generally, the laser cutting machine 1 further includes a suction device 9 connected to a suction passage 10 below the workpiece support base 4 to collect smoke and the like generated in the laser processing.
When the laser cutting machine 1 is to cut the workpiece 6, it is generally necessary to first pierce the workpiece 6 to obtain a pierced hole as a starting point of a subsequent cut. The laser cutting machine 1 may use different assist gases as needed during the cutting process and the piercing process.
In order to control the entire laser machining process, as shown in fig. 1, the laser cutting machine 1 further includes a controller 11.
Further technical details known to a person skilled in the art are not described here for the sake of clarity. In the following, more technical details and embodiments relating to the puncturing procedure according to the invention will be described with emphasis.
A laser piercing method according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is described below with reference to fig. 2 to 6 taking a stainless steel plate workpiece as an example. The laser puncturing method at least comprises a pre-puncturing step and a puncturing step.
Fig. 2 shows a pre-piercing step for forming an initial pit 12 in one step, the initial pit 12 having an opening diameter larger than the diameter of the pierced hole formed in the piercing step.
In order to perform the pre-piercing step, the laser processing head 3 should be located above the site to be pierced, i.e., the piercing point, on the stainless steel plate. If the laser machining head 3 is not located above the puncture point, the laser machining head 3 can be moved first above the puncture point by using a drive device, for example a servomotor of the X-axis and/or Y-axis.
In laser drilling, it is also necessary to set the distance of the laser processing head 3 from the upper surface of the workpiece 6, which can be measured by a distance sensor (not shown) preferably arranged on the laser processing head 3. A height adjustment device (not shown) can then adjust the laser processing head 3 to a desired position on the basis of the measured values of the distance sensor. In this pre-piercing step, the laser processing head 3 is adjusted to a higher first predetermined height d1, as shown in fig. 2.
In addition, at the time of laser piercing, it is also necessary to set the focal position 13 of the laser beam 5 emitted from the laser processing head 3, which can be performed by an automatic zoom system (not shown). As shown in fig. 2, in this pre-piercing step, the focal point of the laser beam 5 is set at a first focal position above the stainless steel plate.
In this pre-piercing step, a secondary gas, preferably nitrogen or air, is injected at a first, lower predetermined pressure, as indicated by arrow 14 in fig. 2.
In addition to the need to adjust the focal point during laser penetration, the operating characteristics of the laser beam 5, such as the power characteristics, frequency characteristics, etc. of the laser beam 5, need to be adjusted and selected accordingly.
According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, in the pre-piercing step, the laser beam 5 is irradiated to the stainless steel plate for a suitable long time in the form of a pulsed laser having a first predetermined frequency with a relatively low frequency at a high peak power.
The height of the laser processing head 3, i.e. the first predetermined height d1, is selected such that the material residues which are scattered during the pre-piercing process do not damage the laser cutting machine 1, in particular components of the laser processing head 3, such as the auxiliary gas nozzle 8 and/or optics (e.g. a lens), but also pierce a larger, deeper initial pit 12. The initial pit 12 reduces the thickness of the stainless steel plate that needs to be pierced in the next stage, allowing the piercing to be performed more quickly and easily in the next stage. Meanwhile, the initial pit 12 may also provide a container for the powdered splashed slag punctured at the next stage, so that the slag punctured at the next stage is less left on the upper surface of the stainless steel plate.
Preferably, the pressure of the auxiliary gas is controlled so that the splashed slag can be blown away, in order to have only a small amount of slag, or even no slag, around the initial pit 12. As shown in fig. 2, no slag remains on the upper surface of the stainless steel plate, which is very advantageous. Therefore, in this case, the step of blowing the auxiliary gas to the initial pit 12 need not be separately provided after the pre-piercing step. In other words, there is no other step between this pre-piercing step and the subsequent piercing step involving blowing gas towards the initial pits 12.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that other pre-piercing parameters may be selected so long as the proper initial recess 12 is formed in one step in the workpiece 6 with little or no slag around it.
Fig. 3 shows a piercing step for piercing the stainless steel plate from the bottom of the initial pit 12, which is performed after the pre-piercing step.
As shown in fig. 3, in this piercing step, the laser processing head 3 is adjusted to a suitable second predetermined height d2, which is lower than the first predetermined height d1, and the focal point of the laser beam 5 is set at a second focal point position within the stainless steel plate, which is below the initial pit 12.
According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the assist gas is injected at a second predetermined pressure higher than that at the time of pre-puncturing in the puncturing step.
According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the side blowing gas is simultaneously turned on to blow off the powdery slag as much as possible at the time of piercing. The side-blown gas is preferably air.
According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the laser beam 5 is irradiated to the stainless steel plate for a suitable long time in the form of a pulsed laser having a second predetermined frequency which is relatively high and whose average power is gradually lowered from high, peak power is high, and frequency is relatively high, wherein the second predetermined frequency is higher than the first predetermined frequency used in the pre-piercing step.
As can be seen in fig. 3, although some of the powdered slag is blown away during the piercing process, a slag mound 15 surrounding the pierced hole is generally formed on the upper surface of the stainless steel plate.
It is advantageous for those skilled in the art that in the piercing step, the stainless steel plate is pierced as quickly as possible without the splashed slag damaging, for example, the auxiliary gas nozzle 8 and/or the optical device (e.g., a lens). Obviously, to achieve this technical purpose, the puncturing parameters are not limited to the above puncturing parameters, but various puncturing parameters can be adjusted accordingly according to actual conditions. The present invention is not intended to be so limited, as are certain process parameters set forth below.
Fig. 4 shows a shaping step for shaping the formed slag pile, which is performed after the piercing step. This shaping step may be performed as appropriate.
As shown in fig. 4, in this shaping step the laser processing head 3 is adjusted to a suitable third predetermined height d3, which is typically higher than the first predetermined height d1, and the focal point of the laser beam 5 is set at a third focal point position above the stainless steel plate, which is higher than the first focal point position. In this way, the laser irradiation range can be enlarged to cover the whole slag pile 15 as much as possible, and the energy density is more suitable, which is beneficial to shaping the slag pile 15.
According to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the secondary gas is injected at a lower third predetermined pressure in the shaping step.
According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the side blown gas is turned on simultaneously. The side-blown gas is preferably air.
According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the laser beam 5 is irradiated to the stainless steel plate, particularly the slag pile 15, for a suitable length of time in the form of a pulsed laser of a third predetermined frequency with a high average power, a high peak power and a low frequency.
The purpose of the reshaping step is to melt the slag pile 15 and form a slag pile with a lower height and a smoother surface, and after reshaping, the piercing point, i.e., the piercing hole that has been pierced through, is not covered by molten slag, as shown in fig. 4. This typically results in a mound of slag around the puncture site, for example 7mm in diameter.
As can be seen by comparing fig. 3 and 4, the slag heap 15 is lower in height and smoother after being shaped. In this way, the auxiliary gas nozzle 8 can be suspended above the slag pile 15 at a very low height and the smooth surface makes the laser processing head 3 less vulnerable to damage even if it accidentally hits the slag pile.
Fig. 5-6 illustrate a reaming step for enlarging the puncture hole performed after the reshaping step. This reaming step is also optionally performed.
As shown in fig. 5, in this reaming step the laser processing head 3 is adjusted to a lower fourth predetermined height d4 and the focal point of the laser beam 5 is set at a fourth focal position within the stainless steel plate below the initial pit 12, preferably such that the focal point is adjacent to the thickness centre position of the stainless steel plate. Therefore, the cross section of the middle lower part of the puncture hole can be enlarged as much as possible, so that enough cutting seams can be used for slag removal in the real cutting process.
According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, in this reaming step, the height of the laser processing head 3 is adjusted to coincide with the height at which the laser processing head 3 subsequently performs cutting from the pierced hole. In other words, the height of the laser processing head 3 in the reaming step is kept consistent with the height of the laser processing head 3 in the real cutting process, so that the laser processing head 3 can transit from the reaming step to the cutting step without height adjustment, which can make the whole control process more smooth, and further improve the working efficiency.
According to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, in the reaming step, the auxiliary gas is injected at a fourth, higher predetermined pressure. The auxiliary gas is injected at a higher pressure, which is beneficial to discharging the slag formed in the hole expanding step from the bottom of the puncture hole.
If the puncture hole is not reamed to the desired extent by the reaming step shown in fig. 5, reaming may also be continued by a further reaming step shown in fig. 6.
As shown in fig. 6, the irradiation range of the laser beam 5 under the pierced hole can be enlarged by moving the focal point of the laser beam 5 upward without changing the height of the laser processing head 3. Therefore, a larger slot can be formed as soon as possible, and the larger the slot at the lower part of the puncture hole is, the more beneficial to slag discharge is.
In a further reaming step, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the laser beam 5 is reamed in the form of a continuous wave of the highest average power.
According to actual circumstances, in order to enlarge the puncture point slitting value stepwise, the hole expanding steps shown in fig. 5 and 6 may be alternately repeated.
Of course, according to the actual situation, in order to enlarge the slot value of the puncture point to a reasonable size, when the modes of fig. 5 and 6 are not enough to obtain the ideal effect, other methods can be used for reaming, and the invention is not limited to this.
Preferably, the oil injection step may also be performed before the pre-piercing step. According to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the laser processing head 3 is adjusted to a higher predetermined height for spraying. Preferably, the laser puncture lubricant is uniformly coated within at least 10mm from the puncture point. The oil is sprayed to prevent the splashed slag produced by the puncturing operation from adhering to the surface of the stainless steel plate.
According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the pre-piercing step, the shaping step and the reaming step are performed using the same type of auxiliary gas, preferably using a non-oxygen gas, such as nitrogen and/or air.
According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the type of assist gas used throughout the puncturing procedure is identical to the type of assist gas used in the cutting step performed thereafter. In particular, if the cutting step uses nitrogen as an auxiliary gas, the piercing process also uses nitrogen; if the cutting step uses air as the assist gas, the lancing process also uses air.
For those skilled in the art, the auxiliary gas is kept consistent before and after the auxiliary gas is changed, so that the auxiliary gas does not need to be changed midway, the operation steps are simplified, the working efficiency is improved, and the corresponding reduction of the product quality caused by the reduction of the purity of the auxiliary gas caused by the midway gas change is avoided. If air is used as the auxiliary gas, the processing cost can be reduced.
As is apparent from the above description, according to the present invention, it is possible to perform irradiation without using a laser beam having too high peak power at least before piercing the stainless steel plate, so that there is no reflected light of high intensity. In this case, no damage is caused to some components, in particular to the optics on the laser processing head 3 and/or to the laser and to the optics of the internal and external beam paths.
Therefore, compared with the prior art, the puncture method can protect some hardware of the laser cutting machine and greatly improve the puncture quality and the puncture efficiency. In other words, the puncture quality and the puncture efficiency are well balanced on the premise of protecting the hardware of the laser cutting machine. Meanwhile, the puncture cost is also reduced.
The present invention also provides a controller 11 for implementing such a laser piercing method. Such laser piercing methods may also be stored as program instructions on a non-transitory computer readable program carrier to control the operation of the laser cutter.
Although specific embodiments of the invention have been described herein in detail, they have been presented for purposes of illustration only and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. Various substitutions, alterations, and modifications may be devised without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (15)
1. A method for laser piercing a workpiece (6), the method comprising at least the steps of:
a pre-piercing step for forming an initial pit (12) on the surface of the workpiece (6) in one step with a laser beam (5) in the presence of a first assist gas; and
a piercing step for piercing the workpiece (6) with the laser beam (5) from the bottom of the initial pit (12) with a second assist gas;
wherein the opening diameter of the initial pit (12) is larger than the diameter of the puncture hole formed in the puncturing step.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises the steps of:
a shaping step, which is carried out after the piercing step, for shaping the slag heap (15) formed by the piercing operation with the laser beam (5) in the presence of a third auxiliary gas in order to reduce the height of the slag heap (15) and/or to smooth the surface of the slag heap (15).
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the method further comprises the steps of:
a reaming step performed after the shaping step, for enlarging the puncture hole with a laser beam (5) in the case of a fourth assist gas.
4. A method according to any of claims 1-3, wherein the method further comprises the step of:
an oil injection step performed before the pre-piercing step, said oil injection step being used to coat the piercing site with a layer of laser piercing lubricating oil.
5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein, in the pre-piercing step,
setting a focus of the laser beam (5) at a first focus position above the workpiece (6); and/or
Adjusting the laser processing head (3) to a first predetermined height (d1) relative to the upper surface of the workpiece (6); and/or
Injecting a first assist gas at a first predetermined pressure; and/or
A laser beam (5) is irradiated in the form of a pulsed laser of a first predetermined frequency.
6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein, in the puncturing step,
setting the focus of the laser beam (5) at a second focus position within the workpiece (6) below the initial pit (12); and/or
Adjusting the laser processing head (3) to a second predetermined height (d2) relative to the upper surface of the workpiece (6), wherein the second predetermined height (d2) is smaller than the first predetermined height (d 1); and/or
Injecting a second assist gas at a second predetermined pressure, wherein the second predetermined pressure is greater than the first predetermined pressure; and/or
Opening side-blown gas; and/or
The laser beam (5) is irradiated as a pulsed laser of a second predetermined frequency with the average power gradually changing from high to low, wherein the second predetermined frequency is higher than the first predetermined frequency.
7. The method according to any one of claims 2-6, wherein, in the shaping step,
setting the focal point of the laser beam (5) at a third focal point position above the workpiece (6) that is higher than the first focal point position; and/or
Adjusting the laser processing head (3) to a third predetermined height (d3) relative to the upper surface of the workpiece (6), wherein the third predetermined height (d3) is greater than the first predetermined height (d 1); and/or
Injecting a third assist gas at a third predetermined pressure, wherein the third predetermined pressure is less than the second predetermined pressure; and/or
Opening side-blown gas; and/or
The laser beam (5) is irradiated in the form of a pulsed laser at a third predetermined frequency, wherein the third predetermined frequency is lower than the second predetermined frequency.
8. A method according to any one of claims 3 to 7, wherein, in the reaming step,
injecting a fourth assist gas at a fourth predetermined pressure, wherein the fourth predetermined pressure is greater than the first predetermined pressure; and/or
The laser processing head (3) is adjusted relative to the upper surface of the workpiece (6) to a fourth predetermined height (d4), wherein the fourth predetermined height (d4) is smaller than the second predetermined height (d2) and/or corresponds to the height at which the laser processing head (3) subsequently performs a cut starting from the pierced hole.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the reaming step comprises at least the sub-steps of:
a first reaming sub-step, performed after the shaping step, for enlarging the part of the pierced hole remote from the initial pit (12), wherein the focus of the laser beam (5) is set at a fourth focus position within the workpiece (6) below the initial pit (12); and
a second reaming sub-step, performed after the first reaming sub-step, for further enlarging the part of the pierced hole remote from the initial pit (12), wherein the focus of the laser beam (5) is adjusted towards the laser machining head (3) compared to when the first reaming sub-step.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein,
in the first reaming sub-step, the focal point of the laser beam (5) is made to be adjacent to the central position of the thickness of the workpiece (6); and/or
In a second reaming sub-step, the laser beam (5) is reamed in the form of a continuous wave of the highest average power; and/or
The first reaming sub-step and the second reaming sub-step are alternately and repeatedly performed.
11. The method of any one of claims 1-10,
all the auxiliary gases used during the puncture process are the same type of non-oxygen gas; and/or
The side-blown gas is air; and/or
The workpiece (6) is a stainless steel plate.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein,
the non-oxygen gas is nitrogen and/or air; and/or
All the assist gas used during the lancing process is the same type of gas as the assist gas used during the cutting process that follows.
13. A controller (11) for a laser processing machine, wherein the controller (11) is configured for performing the method according to any of claims 1-12.
14. A laser processing machine, wherein the laser processing machine comprises: laser beam generator (2), a movable laser processing head (3), a workpiece support (4) and a controller (11) according to claim 13.
15. A non-transitory computer readable program carrier, wherein the non-transitory computer readable program carrier stores program instructions for performing, when executed, the method according to any one of claims 1-12.
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