CN103962734B - Laser cutting fast zoom method for punching - Google Patents
Laser cutting fast zoom method for punching Download PDFInfo
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- CN103962734B CN103962734B CN201410217504.9A CN201410217504A CN103962734B CN 103962734 B CN103962734 B CN 103962734B CN 201410217504 A CN201410217504 A CN 201410217504A CN 103962734 B CN103962734 B CN 103962734B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/04—Automatically aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam, e.g. using the back-scattered light
- B23K26/046—Automatically focusing the laser beam
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/18—Sheet panels
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- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of laser cutting fast zoom mechanism in laser cutting technique field and fast zoom method for punching, this mechanism comprises cutting head and speculum, speculum comprises the reflecting optics be made up of elastomeric material, reflecting optics is arranged on airtight cavity, cavity is connected with pressure control mechanism, and the surface curvature radius of reflecting optics changes with the change of the pressure in cavity.During perforation, first by nozzle from surface of the work 5 ~ 6mm, then change pressure in cavity, make 0.9 ~ 1.1mm above Laser Focusing to surface of the work, get pit; Then make focus move down into 4 ~ 5mm in workpiece and continue perforation, finally, nozzle is moved down into 0.9 ~ 1.1mm above surface of the work, make reflecting optics be level crossing, until laser cutting penetrates workpiece.This device and method makes it be easier to cutting, and splash can be avoided to adhere on focusing lens, improves piercing efficiency, avoids blast hole simultaneously, and its perforation is stable, and cut quality is high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method for processing sheet material.
Background technology
Laser cutting is that laser is carried out cutting processing as a kind of manufacturing process to metal or nonmetal plate, can in flat sheet the curve of processing linear and arbitrary shape, be widely used in Electric Manufacture, automobile, meter switch, textile machine, Transport Machinery, household electrical appliances manufacture, lift facility manufacture, food industry, decoration and advertisement and laser machining station etc.
The process of laser cutting is the laser irradiation rapidoprint of the high power density first utilizing line focus, irradiated material is made to melt rapidly, vaporize, blow down melt substance by the high velocity air coaxial with light beam simultaneously, first on workpiece, form a hole, then kinematic system drives cutter sweep or processing work to move, laser by the work pieces meld of irradiated position, vaporization, and is blown away by assist gas, thus realizes cutting.
In prior art, during laser beam perforation, laser beam reflexes on the focusing lens in cutting head through plane mirror, and line focus mirror is radiated on workpiece by cutting torch after focusing on, and forms a focus after laser beam focusing at surface of the work; Nozzle, close to surface of the work, is about 1mm, and when Kong Wei is punched, whole vapour, splash all splash and go out from blind hole, once punch, then under the winding-up of assist gas, these materials can be blown away below workpiece; Therefore, the splash in perforation procedure easily sticks on the lower surface of focusing lens, and focusing lens can reduce cut quality after polluting even to be caused cutting unsuccessfully; In existing laser cutting device, the position of focus after laser beam focusing on workpiece is constant, along with sheet material is not reduced by the part of punching in perforation procedure, cut point is off-focal progressively, and cause spot diameter to become large, energy is concentrated not, aperture time is long, easy blast hole, especially when the heavy-gauge sheeting of cutting 8 ~ 25mm, the problems referred to above more easily occur.Be the change in depth of being bored a hole with sheet material by focusing lens than the resolving ideas being easier to expect and make adaptations, making laser beam foucing position respective change.But in fact, adopt and cause that cutting head complex structure, reliability are low and cost is higher in this way, in addition, along with focusing lens is from the reduction of plate surface distance, splash more easily sticks on focusing lens.Therefore, the working (machining) efficiency of lathe is low, cutting parts is easily scrapped to adopt traditional perforation means to cause, and focusing lens loss is high.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention, be to provide a kind of laser cutting fast zoom mechanism, make its focal position variable, to adapt to the work piece cut of different-thickness, improve piercing efficiency and perforation quality.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this: a kind of laser cutting fast zoom mechanism, comprise cutting head and speculum, cutting head is provided with focusing lens, below cutting head being positioned at focusing lens is provided with the nozzle for spraying assist gas, described speculum arranges on laser optical path, and the position of speculum meets and is just radiated on focusing lens by the reverberation of laser; Described speculum comprises the reflecting optics be made up of elastomeric material, and described reflecting optics is arranged on airtight cavity, and described cavity is connected with pressure control mechanism, and the surface curvature radius of reflecting optics changes with the change of the pressure in cavity.
During use, by changing pressure in cavity, the radian on reflecting optics surface is changed, thus change the focal position of the laser beam after focusing lens focusing, make it be easier to cutting, avoid splash to adhere on focusing lens, improve cutting efficiency, avoid blast hole simultaneously.
Two of the object of the invention is to provide a kind of laser cutting fast zoom method for punching utilizing above-mentioned laser cutting fast zoom mechanism to carry out, and can bore a hole on medium-thick plate fast, improves perforation quality simultaneously.
For this reason, present invention also offers a kind of laser cutting fast zoom method for punching: it is characterized in that comprising the steps:
1) cutting head of laser fast zoom mechanism is moved to above workpiece, make nozzle on cutting head from surface of the work 5 ~ 6mm; Described laser fast zoom mechanism comprises cutting head and speculum, cutting head is provided with focusing lens, below cutting head being positioned at focusing lens is provided with the nozzle for spraying assist gas, described speculum arranges on laser optical path, and the position of speculum meets and is just radiated on focusing lens by the reverberation of laser; Speculum comprises the reflecting optics be made up of elastomeric material, and described reflecting optics is arranged on airtight cavity, and described cavity is connected with pressure control mechanism, and the surface curvature radius of reflecting optics changes with the change of the pressure in cavity;
2) in the cavity of laser fast zoom mechanism, apply certain pressure, make reflecting optics be convex mirror, and the focus after laser beam line focus eyeglass is focused on is positioned at the top of workpiece, first opens assist gas, then opens laser;
3) increase pressure in cavity, make reflecting optics surface curvature change, the focus after laser beam line focus eyeglass focuses on moves down into 0.9 ~ 1.1mm above surface of the work, makes laser get a pit at surface of the work;
4) continue to increase pressure in cavity, the focus after laser beam line focus eyeglass is focused on moves down into 4 ~ 5mm under surface of the work, and laser cuts the inside workpiece below pit;
5) decline cutting head, makes nozzle from surface of the work 0.9 ~ 1.1mm, changes pressure in cavity, and make reflecting optics surface for plane, now, the focus of laser beam is roughly positioned at workpiece surface, keeps straightening in this cavity to penetrate workpiece to laser cutting.
The method is particularly suitable for the middle thick carbon steel plate workpiece of cutting thickness 8 ~ 25mm.Before cutting head declines, the distance of focusing lens and surface of the work is large, and splash is not easily splashed on focusing lens, ensure that focusing lens reliable operation; After surface of the work pit is formed, the focus of laser beam moves to 4 ~ 5mm under surface of the work in real time, and pit can be made to deepen gradually, and the metallic material of workpiece, vaporization constantly being blown away by assist gas; Nozzle location declines subsequently, on the one hand assisted gas physical efficiency is better blown in pit, avoid melt liquid to contact oxygen and spontaneous combustion, on the other hand, now pit has gathered amount of heat, the liquid of melting is vaporized more, and splash is less, and cutting head can realize the cutting after boring a hole better after declining, its control is relatively simple, energy utilization efficiency is high, and perforation is stable, can improve cutting stability.Level crossing is changed into finally by by reflecting optics, make it remain to perforation to complete, after perforation completes, along with the movement of workbench and cutting head, the workpiece of setting shape can be cut out at plate surface, during cutting, the liquid of melting is blown away below workpiece, therefore the state of level crossing can remain to the last of whole piece joint-cutting, therefore, adopts the method for zoom to be applicable in perforation processing.Compared with prior art, piercing efficiency of the present invention is high, and perforation is stable, can improve cut quality.
As a further improvement on the present invention, after the focus after laser beam line focus eyeglass focuses on moves down into surface of the work, keep pressing 0.25 ~ 0.35 second in cavity.In addition, the focus after laser beam line focus eyeglass focuses on moves down under surface of the work after 4 ~ 5mm, and thickness of slab keeps when 8 ~ 15mm pressing 0.4 ~ 0.5 second in cavity, and thickness of slab to keep in cavity pressure 1.5 ~ 1.6 seconds when 16 ~ 25mm.By above-mentioned of short duration time delay, can ensure that reflecting optics maintains on stable radian, the focus after laser beam line focus eyeglass focuses on remains unchanged, can at local accumulation energy, be beneficial to and get pit and the melt liquid in pit is blown away in time, avoid splash to adhere on focusing lens.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the fundamental diagram of the focus of laser beam when being positioned at above surface of the work.
Fig. 2 is the partial enlarged drawing of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the focus of laser beam fundamental diagram when moving down into 4 ~ 5mm under surface of the work.
Fig. 4 is the partial enlarged drawing of Fig. 3.
The cut state figure that Fig. 5 is reflecting optics when being level crossing.
Wherein, 1 laser beam, 2 speculums, 2a reflecting optics, 2b cavity, 3 cutting heads, 4 focusing lens, 5 nozzles, 6 focuses, 7 workpiece, 8 assist gas bundles, 9 splashes.
Detailed description of the invention
As shown in fig. 1, laser cutting fast zoom mechanism, comprise cutting head 3 and speculum 2, cutting head 3 is provided with focusing lens 4, below cutting head 3 being positioned at focusing lens 4 is provided with the nozzle 5 for spraying assist gas, speculum 2 is arranged on laser optical path, and the position of speculum 2 meets and is just radiated on focusing lens 4 by the reverberation of laser; Speculum 2 comprises the reflecting optics 2a be made up of elastomeric material, reflecting optics 2a is arranged on airtight cavity 2b, cavity 2b is connected with pressure control mechanism, the surface curvature radius of reflecting optics 2a changes with the change of the pressure in cavity 2b, and hydraulic pressure or air pressure can be adopted to control the interior pressure of cavity 2b.After the surface curvature radius change of reflecting optics 2a, laser beam 1 reflects through reflecting optics 2a, and after line focus eyeglass 4 refraction, the position of the focus 6 of laser beam 1 changes.
As shown in Fig. 1 ~ 5, carry out the perforation of laser cutting fast zoom with above-mentioned laser cutting fast zoom mechanism, method for punching carries out as follows:
1) move to above workpiece 7 by cutting head 3, workpiece is the carbon steel sheet of thickness 10mm, preferably cuts the middle thick carbon steel plate of 8 ~ 25mm; First make nozzle 5 on cutting head 3 from workpiece 7 surface 5 ~ 6mm, be preferably 5.5mm; This distance is larger than the distance of about the 1mm of normal cutting.
2) in cavity 2b, certain pressure is applied, make reflecting optics 2a be convex mirror, and the focus 6 after laser beam 1 line focus eyeglass 4 is focused on is positioned at the top of workpiece, first opens assist gas, open laser again, assist gas bundle 8 and laser beam 1 penetrate from the centre bore of nozzle 5.
3) increase pressure in cavity, make reflecting optics surface curvature change, the focus after laser beam line focus eyeglass focuses on moves down into 0.9 ~ 1.1mm above surface of the work, and in maintenance cavity, pressure 0.25 ~ 0.35 second, makes laser get a pit on workpiece 7 surface; In Fig. 2, splash 9 sputters, and because focusing lens 4 is distant, can not be splashed on focusing lens 4, and after assist gas sprays from nozzle 5, form assist gas bundle 8, it has isolated air, avoids metal material to burn.
4) pressure in cavity 2b is continued to increase, after focus 6 after laser beam 1 line focus eyeglass 4 is focused on moves down into the lower 4 ~ 5mm in workpiece 7 surface, keep pressing 0.4 ~ 0.5 second in cavity, laser is cut the inside workpiece below pit, can be as shown in Figures 3 and 4, the metal of pit bottom melting, vaporization is constantly blown out by assist gas bundle 8, and pit depth continues to increase.Assist gas bundle 8 can avoid the metal material spontaneous combustion in pit, thus can use larger laser power.
5) decline cutting head 3, make nozzle 5 from surface of the work 0.9 ~ 1.1mm, be preferably 1mm, change pressure in cavity, make reflecting optics 2a surface for plane, now, the focus 6 of laser beam 1 is roughly positioned at workpiece 7 upper surface, and this is determined by the inherent characteristic of focusing lens 4, when nozzle 5 is from surface of the work 0.9 ~ 1.1mm, the focus of focusing lens 4, roughly at workpiece 7 upper surface, can keep straightening in this cavity to penetrate workpiece to laser cutting.
This laser cutting have employed three grades of quick method for punching of zoom, by adjusting the position of beam focus on workpiece in real time, in conjunction with the distance on move up and down Control Nozzle 5 and workpiece 7 surface of cutting head, laser beam perforation power and assist gas pressure can be adjusted in real time simultaneously, realize perforation fast in five steps, the piercing efficiency especially for middle thick carbon steel plate (t=8 ~ 25mm) improves about 400% than traditional approach.Due to initial stage and the mid-term of perforation, the distance of nozzle and surface of the work becomes greatly, and beam focal location declines in real time with perforation procedure simultaneously, and perforation is stable, avoids spontaneous combustion and popping phenomenon, prevents focusing lens 4 from being polluted fast, improve cutting stability.Prove through test: the method makes laser beam perforation efficiency significantly promote, its structure of device is simple, and it is convenient to control, and automaticity is high, Be very effective.
In above-mentioned processing method, after the focus 6 after laser beam 1 line focus eyeglass 4 focuses on moves down into the lower 4 ~ 5mm in workpiece 7 surface, when thickness of slab is at 8 ~ 15mm, keep the interior pressure of cavity 0.4 ~ 0.5 second; Thickness of slab, when 16 ~ 25mm, keeps pressing 1.5 ~ 1.6 seconds in cavity.Effect of better boring a hole can be had.
The present invention is not limited to above-described embodiment; on the basis of technical scheme disclosed by the invention; those skilled in the art is according to disclosed technology contents; do not need performing creative labour just can make some to some technical characteristics wherein to replace and distortion, these are replaced and are out of shape all in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a laser cutting fast zoom method for punching, is characterized in that comprising the steps:
1) cutting head of laser fast zoom mechanism is moved to above workpiece, make nozzle on cutting head from surface of the work 5 ~ 6mm; Described laser fast zoom mechanism comprises cutting head and speculum, cutting head is provided with focusing lens, below cutting head being positioned at focusing lens is provided with the nozzle for spraying assist gas, described speculum arranges on laser optical path, and the position of speculum meets and is just radiated on focusing lens by the reverberation of laser; Speculum comprises the reflecting optics be made up of elastomeric material, and described reflecting optics is arranged on airtight cavity, and described cavity is connected with pressure control mechanism, and the surface curvature radius of reflecting optics changes with the change of the pressure in cavity;
2) in the cavity of laser fast zoom mechanism, apply certain pressure, make reflecting optics be convex mirror, and the focus after laser beam line focus eyeglass is focused on is positioned at the top of workpiece, first opens assist gas, then opens laser;
3) increase pressure in cavity, make reflecting optics surface curvature change, the focus after laser beam line focus eyeglass focuses on moves down into 0.9 ~ 1.1mm above surface of the work, makes laser get a pit at surface of the work;
4) continue to increase pressure in cavity, the focus after laser beam line focus eyeglass is focused on moves down into 4 ~ 5mm under surface of the work, and laser cuts the inside workpiece below pit;
5) decline cutting head, makes nozzle from surface of the work 0.9 ~ 1.1mm, changes pressure in cavity, and make reflecting optics surface for plane, now, the focus of laser beam is roughly positioned at workpiece surface, keeps straightening in this cavity to penetrate workpiece to laser cutting.
2. laser cutting fast zoom method for punching according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described workpiece is the middle thick carbon steel plate of thickness 8 ~ 25mm.
3. laser cutting fast zoom method for punching according to claim 1, is characterized in that: after the focus after laser beam line focus eyeglass focuses on moves down into surface of the work, keeps pressing 0.25 ~ 0.35 second in cavity.
4. laser cutting fast zoom method for punching according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the focus after laser beam line focus eyeglass focuses on moves down under surface of the work after 4 ~ 5mm, and thickness of slab, when 8 ~ 15mm, to keep in cavity pressure 0.4 ~ 0.5 second; Thickness of slab, when 16 ~ 25mm, keeps pressing 1.5 ~ 1.6 seconds in cavity.
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| CN201410217504.9A CN103962734B (en) | 2014-05-22 | 2014-05-22 | Laser cutting fast zoom method for punching |
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| CN104708214A (en) * | 2014-12-02 | 2015-06-17 | 苏州领创激光科技有限公司 | Laser cutting process control sampling theory and control method |
| JP6416801B2 (en) | 2016-01-29 | 2018-10-31 | ファナック株式会社 | Laser processing machine with processing head approach function |
| CN105834598B (en) * | 2016-06-14 | 2017-06-20 | 武汉天琪激光设备制造有限公司 | A kind of method of laser beam perforation steel plate |
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| CN107096995B (en) * | 2017-06-22 | 2019-12-13 | 奔腾激光(温州)有限公司 | method for focusing cutting head of laser cutting machine |
| CN111618430A (en) * | 2019-02-28 | 2020-09-04 | 通快机床两合公司 | Laser puncturing method and corresponding controller, laser processing machine and readable program carrier |
| EP3965990A1 (en) * | 2019-05-08 | 2022-03-16 | Wsoptics Technologies GmbH | Method for the beam machining of a workpiece |
| CN110711937B (en) * | 2019-11-14 | 2022-01-04 | 安徽同兴科技发展有限责任公司 | Parameter determination method for laser focusing of cutting machine |
| CN113977112A (en) * | 2021-11-12 | 2022-01-28 | 武汉威士登自动化控制技术有限公司 | High-speed laser perforation method |
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