CN103958104B - 通过使用多个伸长元件来连结两个部件以确保部件之间的轴向和角度对准的方法 - Google Patents
通过使用多个伸长元件来连结两个部件以确保部件之间的轴向和角度对准的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/0008—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering specially adapted for particular articles or work
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K3/00—Tools, devices, or special appurtenances for soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering, not specially adapted for particular methods
- B23K3/08—Auxiliary devices therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
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- B23K31/02—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups relating to soldering or welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
- B23P15/28—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass cutting tools
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
- B23P15/28—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass cutting tools
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- B23B2240/08—Brazed connections
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- B23C2240/08—Brazed connections
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
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Abstract
描述了一种将部件(12、14),例如包括相互面对的碳化物端表面的刀头(12)和刀轴(14)结合在一起的方法。所述刀头(12)包括形成在其柱形外周中的周向隔开的排屑槽。所述刀轴(14)具有柱形外周和延伸穿过所述刀轴(14)的多个冷却剂孔。通过将标准线材插入到所述冷却剂孔和相关联的排屑槽中,并在第一和第二端表面之间设置硬钎焊材料(42),执行所述刀头(12)和刀轴(14)的结合。水溶性防结合材料被施加到标准线材,以用于防止标准线材硬钎焊到所述硬钎焊材料。在利用标准线材使排屑槽与相关联的冷却剂孔维持对准的同时,加热所述硬钎焊材料(42),以将第一和第二端表面硬钎焊在一起。随后,移除标准线材,并使残留的防结合材料溶解在水中。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2011年10月24日提交的美国临时申请No.61/550560的权益。
技术领域
本发明涉及将需要轴向和角度正确对准的部件的连结在一起,更具体地,涉及将金属切削刀头结合到刀轴的方法。
背景技术
已知通过将产品的部件结合在一起来形成特定产品。在特定情况下,所结合的部件需要精准对准。例如,特定的金属切削钻头包括排屑槽前端部分和后侧刀轴部分,该后侧刀轴部分具有延伸通过该后侧刀轴部分的冷却剂孔,用于将高压冷却剂体引导到排屑槽或凹槽的后端,以冷却钻头并冲走切屑。刀头和刀轴轴向对准,使得它们相应的柱形外周彼此对准。刀头和刀轴同样角度对准,使得刀轴的冷却剂孔与刀头的相应的排屑槽对准。如果排屑槽与冷却剂孔没有对准,则高压冷却剂将被错误引导,从而导致刀具从其预期的行程方向偏转。
因此,期望提供将要求精准对准的部件例如金属切削刀具、铣削刀具和钻头结合在一起的方法。
发明内容
公开的是用于将第一部件结合到第二部件的方法,其中,第一部件包括第一开口,所述第一开口贯穿第一部件的第一端表面,并且第二部件包括第二开口,所述第二开口贯穿第二部件的第二端表面。该方法包括以下步骤:
A.设置伸长元件,其中,每个伸长元件均延伸到第一开口和相关联的第二开口中,以使第一开口与相关联的第二开口对准;
B.在利用伸长元件使第一开口与第二开口维持对准的同时将第一部件和第二部件结合在一起;和
C.在步骤B之后移除伸长元件。
还公开了用于将金属切削刀头结合到刀轴的方法,其中,所述刀头包括贯穿刀头的第一端表面的第一开口,并且刀轴包括贯穿刀轴的第二端表面的第二开口。该方法包括以下步骤:
A.设置伸长元件,其中,每个伸长元件均延伸到第一开口和相关联的第二开口中,以使第一开口与相关联的第二开口对准,并且将硬钎焊材料设置在第一端表面和第二端表面之间;
B.对每个伸长元件施加防结合材料,以用于防止伸长元件被硬钎焊到硬钎焊材料;
C.在利用伸长元件使第一开口与相关联的第二开口维持对准的同时,对硬钎焊材料施加热,以将第一端表面和第二端表面硬钎焊在一起;和
D.在步骤C之后移除伸长元件和残留的防结合材料。
还公开的是将刀头连接到刀轴的方法,其中,刀头和刀轴包括相互面对的碳化物端表面。刀头包括第一柱形外周和形成在其中的周向隔开的排屑槽。每个排屑槽均具有带有圆角底部的大致U形截面。刀轴具有第二柱形外周和延伸穿过刀轴的多个冷却剂孔。第一和第二外周的半径大致相等。每个冷却剂孔的半径大致等于其相应的排屑槽的底部的半径。所述方法包括以下步骤:
A.提供标准线材,每个标准线材的半径均大致等于排屑槽底部和冷却剂孔的半径;
B.将每个标准线材插入到相应的冷却剂孔和相应的排屑槽底部中,以使每个排屑槽底部与相关联的冷却剂孔对准,并使第一柱形外周与第二柱形外周对准;
C.在第一端表面和第二端表面之间设置硬钎焊材料;
D.对每个标准线材的暴露出来的部分施加防结合材料,以用于防止标准线材被硬钎焊到硬钎焊材料;
E.在利用标准线材使排屑槽底部与相关联的冷却剂孔维持对准的同时,对硬钎焊材料施加热,以将第一端表面和第二端表面硬钎焊在一起;和
F.在步骤E之后移除标准线材,并在溶剂中溶解残留的防结合材料。
当阅读以下实施例的详述时,另外的目的和优势对本领域技术人员变得明显。
附图说明
以下将参考附图进一步说明实施例。
图1是刀头和刀轴的分解侧视立面图。
图2是刀头的端视图。
图3是刀轴的端视图。
图4是在标准线材已经被插入通过刀轴的冷却剂孔之后的刀头和刀轴的分解视图,并且硬钎焊箔材被设置在刀头和刀轴之间。
图5是在标准线材已经插入通过硬钎焊箔材并插入到刀头的排屑槽中之后的透视图。
图6是在刀头已经被硬钎焊到刀轴并且标准线材已经被移除之后的类似于图5的视图。
具体实施方式
图1中描述的是具有金属切削钻头10的第一部件,即刀头12,和刀轴14的第二部件的实施例。在实施例中,刀头12包括可以由PCD(聚晶金刚石)或pCBN(聚晶立方氮化硼)形成的前部12a,该前部12a被结合到由碳化物形成的后部12b。可以形成前部12a的其它材料包括超硬磨料复合材料,例如金刚石复合材料,或含有具有3000kg/mm2的努氏硬度的超硬磨料材料的其它复合材料。
在实施例中,刀轴14由碳化物形成,并被结合到刀头12的由碳化物形成的后部12b。除了碳化物,可以形成后部12b和刀轴14的其它材料包括金属陶瓷和含有选自以下材料中的一种或多种材料的金属陶瓷:从元素周期表第4族、第5族和第6族中选择的金属的碳化物、氮化物和碳氮化物。
在刀头的外周18中形成有以周向隔开的排屑槽、通道或凹槽16形式的第一开口,所述第一开口轴向(即,平行于刀头的中心轴线)延伸刀头的整个长度。取决于刀具的应用,外周18可以是任何形状的。图2中示出了六个排屑槽,但是数量可变化。排屑槽的功能在于在操作期间容纳切屑并引导冷却刀具并冲走切屑的冷却剂流体。
冷却剂流体被从冷却剂孔24(作为示例,在图3中示出六个孔)形式的第二开口供给到排屑槽的后端,所述冷却剂孔24轴向完全穿过柱形刀轴14延伸并且在铰孔操作期间连接到加压冷却流体源。在图中被描述为圆形孔的冷却剂孔24也可以是任何形状或形状的组合。孔24可以绕到刀轴的中心轴线等距隔开并且具有设置在刀轴的前端面32中的相应的前出口端。冷却剂孔24的数量可以对应于排屑槽的数量,这是因为孔24的功能在于将冷却剂流体输送到相应的排屑槽。
如图2所示,每个排屑槽16的横截面均可以是U形的,且具有圆角底部16a。排屑槽可以是任何形状的,只要每个排屑槽底部16a可以与相应的冷却剂孔对准即可。每个排屑槽底部16a的半径可以等于相应的冷却剂孔24的半径,并且在成品钻头中,圆角底部的中心C可以与相应的冷却剂孔的中心C’对准。
可以通过将刀头的后表面28硬钎焊(braze)到刀轴的前表面32而将刀头12结合到刀轴14。可以采用本领域中公知的任何技术和方法将刀头固定到刀轴,例如包括硬钎焊技术、渗透技术、压配技术、烧嵌技术和焊接技术。应理解的是,刀头12可以结合到刀轴14,使得刀头的中心轴线A与刀轴的中心轴线A’对准,从而刀头的柱形外周18与刀轴14的柱形外周36对准。而且,刀头12可以与刀轴14角度对准,使得排屑槽的圆角底部16a的中心C与相应的冷却剂孔24的中心C’对准,如上所述。
可以通过包括将伸长元件40插入穿过冷却剂孔24而使得所述伸长元件的端部从刀轴的前表面32伸出的方法来建立这样的轴向和角度对准。为清楚起见,在图4中仅示出六个伸长元件中的三个。在实施例中,每个伸长元件40均包括标准线材,所述标准线材的直径大致等于冷却剂孔24的共同直径,但是也能够使用其它合适类型的伸长元件。伸长元件可以例如由塑料、金属、金属合金、纸制品、纤维增强复合材料及上述的组合制成。伸长元件可以是线形的或是扁平材料片。
如果使用硬钎焊,则在将刀头12硬钎焊到刀轴14之前,标准线材的暴露出来的端部可以涂覆有适于防止标准线材结合到硬钎焊材料的防结合材料。合适的防结合材料可以是名为Stop-Off的、由Lucas-Mihaupt公司市售的水溶性陶瓷流体。在涂覆之后,标准线材的被涂覆的部分被部分地拉回到刀轴中,使得一些Stop-Off材料进入相应的冷却剂孔24,以防止硬钎焊材料在硬钎焊步骤期间进入到孔中。
随后,刀头的后表面28和刀轴的前表面32可以彼此相对地定位,并且标准线材的暴露出来的端部被插入到排屑槽16的圆角底部16a中,如图5所示。这确保刀头和刀轴可以轴向和角度对准,并且还致使Stop-Off材料进入排屑槽,以阻止硬钎焊材料进入到排屑槽中。
硬钎焊材料,即,诸如形成有合适的孔或凹部44以供标准线材44通过的钎料箔材42的填料金属被放置在表面28和32之间。
在通过标准线材将刀头12和刀轴14保持轴向和角度对准的同时,以任何适合的方式,例如通过感应加热向硬钎焊箔材42施加热,以使硬钎焊箔材熔化并粘结刀头表面28和刀轴表面32。由于Stop-Off材料的存在,硬钎焊材料不会粘结到标准线材并且不会进入和粘结到冷却剂孔24或排屑槽16的壁。
一旦刀头和刀轴已经被硬钎焊到一起形成钻头,伸长元件40就被移除。此外,可以通过将钻头放置在受到声波能量的热水中来溶解钻头上的残留的水溶性Stop-Off材料。成品钻头10在图6中示出。
应理解的是,尽管PCD、pCBN和碳化物被公开作为第一和第二部件,第一和第二部件还可以由塑料、玻璃、陶瓷、碳纤维和玻璃纤维复合物及上述的组合制成。
还应理解的是,在此公开的结合方法不限制于金属切削刀具,而是可应用于将任何部件结合在一起,所述部件在两个部件中均具有例如孔、排屑槽等的开口并且需要精准轴向和角度对准。尽管由于钻头所经受的强的角向力,所公开的部件的结合需要硬钎焊,但是能够采用其它类型的结合,诸如软钎焊(solder)、胶合、焊接等来结合不要经受类似的力的产品的部件。
还应理解的是,在不脱离本发明所附权利要求书的精神和范围的情况下,可以作出没有特别说明的其它增加、删除、修改和替代。
Claims (13)
1.一种将金属切削刀头结合到刀轴的方法,其中,所述刀头包括第一开口,所述第一开口贯穿所述刀头的第一端表面,并且所述刀轴包括第二开口,所述第二开口贯穿所述刀轴的第二端表面,所述方法包括以下步骤:
A.设置伸长元件,其中,在硬钎焊材料被设置在所述第一端表面和所述第二端表面之间的情况下,每个伸长元件均延伸到所述刀头的第一开口和所述刀轴的相关联的第二开口中,以使所述第一开口与相关联的第二开口对准;
B.向每个伸长元件施加防结合材料,以用于防止所述伸长元件被硬钎焊到所述硬钎焊材料;
C.在利用所述伸长元件使所述第一开口与相关联的第二开口维持对准的同时,向所述硬钎焊材料施加热,以将所述第一端表面和所述第二端表面硬钎焊在一起;和
D.在步骤C之后,移除所述伸长元件和残留的防结合材料,
其特征在于,在步骤B之后,所述伸长元件的被涂覆的部分被部分地拉回到刀轴中,使得一些所述防结合材料进入相应的所述第一开口和第二开口。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述硬钎焊材料包括硬钎焊箔材,并且步骤A包括:使所述伸长元件延伸通过所述硬钎焊箔材中的相应的凹部。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中,所述刀头和所述刀轴分别具有第一柱形外周和第二柱形外周,其中,步骤A使所述第一柱形外周和所述第二柱形外周彼此对准。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中,每个伸长元件均包括标准线材。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中,步骤D包括:在溶剂中溶解残留的防结合材料。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中,所述第一开口包括形成在所述刀头的外周中的排屑槽,并且所述第二开口包括轴向延伸穿过所述刀轴的通孔,每个排屑槽均具有圆角底部,所述圆角底部的半径等于所述通孔的半径,并且其中,每个圆角底部的中心均与相应的通孔的中心对准。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中,所述刀头包括由PCD或pCBN或超硬磨料复合材料形成的前部,该前部被结合到由碳化物形成的第一端表面。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其中,所述超硬磨料复合材料包括金刚石复合材料或含有具有3000kg/mm2的努氏硬度的超硬磨料材料的其它复合材料。
9.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中,所述第一端表面和所述第二端表面包括碳化物。
10.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,在步骤B和步骤C之间还包括以下步骤:相对于所述刀头和所述刀轴轴向移动所述伸长元件,以使所述防结合材料进入所述第一开口和所述第二开口。
11.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述刀头和所述刀轴包括相互面对的碳化物端表面,所述刀头包括第一柱形外周和形成在所述第一柱形外周中的周向隔开的排屑槽,每个排屑槽均具有U形截面,所述U形截面具有圆角底部,所述刀轴具有第二柱形外周和延伸穿过所述刀轴的多个冷却剂孔,所述第二柱形外周的半径等于所述刀头的半径,每个冷却剂孔的半径均等于相关联的排屑槽的底部的半径,所述方法包括以下步骤:
A.设置标准线材,每个标准线材的半径等于所述排屑槽的底部和所述冷却剂孔的半径;
B.将每个标准线材插入到相应的冷却剂孔及其相关联的排屑槽的底部中,以使每个排屑槽的底部与相关联的冷却剂孔对准,并使所述第一柱形外周与所述第二柱形外周对准;
C.在所述第一端表面和所述第二端表面之间设置硬钎焊材料;
D.向每个标准线材的暴露出来的部分施加防结合材料,以用于防止所述标准线材硬钎焊到所述硬钎焊材料;
E.在利用所述标准线材使所述排屑槽的底部与相应的冷却剂孔维持对准的同时,向所述硬钎焊材料施加热,以将所述第一端表面和所述第二端表面硬钎焊在一起;和
F.在步骤E之后,移除所述标准线材,并在溶剂中溶解残留的防结合材料,
其中在步骤D之后,所述第一端表面和所述第二端表面彼此相对地定位,且所述标准线材的暴露出来的端部被插入到所述圆角底部中。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法,在步骤D和步骤E之间还包括以下步骤:相对于所述刀头和所述刀轴轴向移动所述标准线材,以使所述标准线材的所述暴露出来的部分上的防结合材料进入所述排屑槽的底部和所述冷却剂孔。
13.根据权利要求11或12所述的方法,其中,步骤C在步骤D之前执行,并且所述硬钎焊材料包括硬钎焊箔材,所述硬钎焊箔材具有供相应的标准线材通过的凹部。
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EP2771146B1 (en) | 2017-08-09 |
JP6454386B2 (ja) | 2019-01-16 |
KR20140094515A (ko) | 2014-07-30 |
JP2014530774A (ja) | 2014-11-20 |
JP6224603B2 (ja) | 2017-11-01 |
IL232000A0 (en) | 2014-05-28 |
KR102031387B1 (ko) | 2019-10-11 |
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