CN103951610B - 一种钌多吡啶配合物的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种电化学发光试剂钌多吡啶配合物的简易制备方法。将氯化钌水合物和2,2’-联吡啶溶于乙醇和乙二醇混合溶剂中;氯化钌水合物中三氯化钌:2,2’-联吡啶为1:4-1:5;且在混合溶剂中所述三氯化钌的浓度为0.02-0.025mol/L;加热反应,反应温度为70-100℃,反应时间为6-10h,冷却至室温,将乙醇旋转蒸发;加入饱和氯化钠溶液析出固体,过滤,加水重结晶,干燥得到三(2,2’-联吡啶)氯化钌(Ⅱ)六水合物。合成方法简便、反应步骤短、易操作,有机溶剂消耗量小,后处理简单,产品纯度高,贵金属钌的转化率高达95%,环保压力小,便于工业生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及电化学技术领域,具体涉及一种电化学发光试剂钌多吡啶配合物的简易制备方法。
背景技术
钌是铂族金属中的一种稀有金属元素,在催化、工业生产等方面都起着至关重要的作用。在配位化学领域,由于钌配合物具有激发态反应活性高、寿命长、热力学稳定性好、光化学光物理信息丰富及发光性能良好等特性,目前已有很多被广泛应用于非线性光学材料、化学发光、分子识别、分子光开关电子转移和光催化降解水及有机物等领域的研究,除此之外,一些钌配合物由于在可见光区有明显的吸收,作为高效染料敏化剂被用于染料敏化太阳能电池中,有些钌配合物还具有优良的电化学特性,又在电致发光材料、生物传感器等方面有重要用途。为了提高染料敏化太阳能电池的光电转换效率,优化电致发光材料的发光性能,设计合成新型的性能更加优良的钌配合物具有非常重要的实际意义。
在过去的几十年中,由于电化学发光体系具有灵敏度高、背景信号小、仪器简单及时可控性好等优点,电化学发光引起了人们极大的关注。在所有的电化学发光体系中,Ru(bpy)3 2+由于具有诸多优点(如较好的水溶性、稳定性高、反应条件较宽松、灵敏度和发光效率高等)成为人们研究最多的一种电化学发光试剂。钌配合物在生物和医学领域中的DNA分析、胺类和醇类物质检测以及药物分析等方面得到广泛的应用。然而遗憾的是三(2,2’-联吡啶)氯化钌(Ⅱ)六水合物的合成方法一直都不成熟,给其产业化带来了极大的挑战,严重阻碍了钌类电化学发光材料的开发进程。因此,开发更为实用性的合成工艺也变得尤为迫切。
FrancisH.Burstall.等在文献J.Chem.SOC.,1936,173.中用三氯化钌和2,2’-联吡啶在250-260℃无溶剂下热解反应3小时,然后用苯萃取除去未反应完的2,2’-联吡啶,加水将固体残渣溶解,抽滤除去不溶物,收集滤液,旋干,用少量水重结晶。该反应在250-260℃无溶剂下热解反应,反应条件剧烈,杂质不易控制,而且产率低,后处理操作复杂,使用的有机溶剂苯有毒不环保,不利于工业化大规模生产。
F.P.Dwyer等在文献J.Proc.Roy.SOC.NSW,83,134(1949).中用K4[Ru2Cl10O].H2O和二联吡啶来制备Ru(bpy)3Cl2.6H2O,但是K4[Ru2Cl10O].H2O本身需要通过单独制备而得,所以通过该方法Ru(bpy)3Cl2.6H2O,步骤冗长,操作复杂,不利于工业化生产。
JohnA.Broomhead和CharlesG.Young等在文献InorganicSyntheses,28,1990.中将干燥的三氯化钌(将购买的三氯化钌放入120℃的烘箱烘烤4个小时)和2,2’-联吡啶溶于水,加入新配的次磷酸钠溶液(将块状氢氧化钠小心的加入到31%的次磷酸中,直到有少量固体析出,慢慢滴加次磷酸直到固体再次溶解,即得次磷酸钠溶液),回流反应30分钟。回流过程中,溶液颜色由一开始的绿色变成棕色,最后变成橙色,抽滤除去不溶的原料,滤液中加入KCl,析出固体,将溶液和固体煮沸得到深红色的溶液,室温冷却,析出红色晶体,抽滤,分别用含10%水的丙酮和无水丙酮冲洗固体,即得产品,收率80%。产品用水重结晶。该方法使用三氯化钌之前先干燥,接下来又用水作溶剂,所以干燥这一步是无用功。且反应中用到次磷酸钠,是一种磷的含氧酸,也是一种很强的还原剂,在美国购买及使用受到严格管制。所以,这种方法制备Ru(bpy)3Cl2.6H2O,原料不易得,操作复杂,产率不高,不易于工业化生产。
SherriA.McFarland等在文献J.Am.Chem.Soc.2005,127,7065-7070.中用三氯化钌和2,2’-联吡啶在氮气保护下,用乙二醇作溶剂,回流反应,等反应液变至橙色结束,冷却至室温,慢慢加入乙醚,析出固体,抽滤即得产品。纯化产品时先溶于乙腈,再倒入乙醚中除去未反应完的2,2’-联吡啶,再用水重结晶。该方法用乙二醇作溶剂,若不先将乙二醇旋掉一部分,后处理中需要加入大量乙醚才能析出固体,但是乙二醇沸点198℃,不易除去,所以该方法后处理麻烦,需要加入大量乙醚,且乙醚有麻醉作用,受管制,不易大量采购。反应温度高,对反应容器要求就高,故不利于工业化扩大生产。
发明内容
本发明目的在于提供一种制备三(2,2’-联吡啶)氯化钌(Ⅱ)六水合物的方法,合成方法简便、反应步骤短、易操作,有机溶剂消耗量小,后处理简单,产品纯度高,贵金属钌的转化率高达95%,环保压力小,便于工业生产。
一种钌(Ⅱ)络合物三(2,2’-联吡啶)氯化钌(Ⅱ)六水合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
将氯化钌水合物和2,2’-联吡啶溶于乙醇和乙二醇混合溶剂中;
加热反应,冷却至室温,将乙醇旋转蒸发;
加入饱和氯化钠溶液析出固体,过滤,加水重结晶,干燥得到三(2,2’-联吡啶)氯化钌(Ⅱ)六水合物。
按上述方案,所述混合溶剂中乙二醇体积20%-40%。
按上述方案,以摩尔比计,氯化钌水合物中三氯化钌:2,2’-联吡啶为1:4-1:5;且在混合溶剂中所述三氯化钌的浓度为0.02-0.025mol/L。
按上述方案,加热反应温度为70-100℃,反应时间为6-10h。
按上述方案,用水重结晶浓度为2-2.5ml/g。
本发明以简单易得的氯化钌水合物为起始原料,以乙二醇和乙醇为溶剂,以2,2’-联吡啶作配体。乙醇与乙二醇不会形成共沸物,故可以采用反应结束后,将乙醇旋转蒸发回收的后处理方法。
本发明的有益效果在于:
反应简便易于操作,总体产率和产品纯度较现有方法大大提高。
采用乙醇、乙二醇做溶剂,乙醇和乙二醇不会形成共沸物,乙醇沸点低,易与回收,环保压力小。
后处理中回收乙醇后直接加入饱和氯化钠溶液,析出固体,抽滤即得粗产品,没有使用任何有机溶剂,相对于现有技术有很大的简化,易于工业放大。
产品用水重结晶,大大减轻对环境的压力,且纯化效果佳,适合大规模生产。
附图说明
图1:实施例1所得产物红外吸收光谱图;
图2:购买的J&K牌三(2,2’-联吡啶基)氯化钌(Ⅱ)六水合物的红外吸收光谱图;
图3:实施例1所得产物高效液相色谱图;
图4:购买的J&K牌三(2,2’-联吡啶基)氯化钌(Ⅱ)六水合物的高效液相色谱图;
图5:实施例1所得产物核磁共振氢谱图;
图6:购买的J&K牌三(2,2’-联吡啶基)氯化钌(Ⅱ)六水合物的核磁共振氢谱图。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例,进一步阐明本发明,仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。
本发明钌(Ⅱ)络合物三(2,2’-联吡啶)氯化钌(Ⅱ)六水合物的制备方法,步骤如下:
将氯化钌水合物和2,2’-联吡啶溶于乙醇和乙二醇混合溶剂中;
加热反应,冷却至室温,将乙醇旋转蒸发;
加入饱和氯化钠溶液析出固体,过滤,加水重结晶,干燥得到三(2,2’-联吡啶)氯化钌(Ⅱ)六水合物。
本发明反应简便易于操作,总体产率和产品纯度较现有方法大大提高。后处理中回收乙醇后直接加入饱和氯化钠溶液,析出固体,抽滤即得粗产品,没有使用任何有机溶剂,相对于现有技术有很大的简化,易于工业放大。
优化地,混合溶剂中乙二醇体积20%-40%。
优化地,以摩尔比计,氯化钌水合物中三氯化钌:2,2’-联吡啶为1:4-1:5;且在混合溶剂中所述三氯化钌的浓度为0.02-0.025mol/L。
优化地,加热反应温度为70-100℃,反应时间为6-10h。
优化地,用水重结晶浓度为2-2.5ml/g。
实施例1
将氯化钌水合物共13g(50mmol),2,2’-联吡啶39g(250mmol)加入到2L乙二醇和乙醇混合液(乙二醇400ml)中,这时将反应液边搅拌边加热到100℃,约20min后,氯化钌水合物完全溶解,反应约7小时,停止加热冷却至室温。将反应液减压蒸馏,回收约1200ml乙醇,加入1000ml饱和氯化钠溶液,析出大量红色固体,抽滤得到固体37g,用93ml水重结晶,干燥,得到三(2,2’-联吡啶)氯化钌(Ⅱ)六水合物35g,产率为94.6%。
本实施例所得产物和购买的J&K牌三(2,2’-联吡啶基)氯化钌(Ⅱ)六水合物的红外吸收光谱图(IR光谱测试仪器:BrukerVECTOR-22,测试条件:KBr压片)。
参照附图1、2,对比分析可知,在图2中3050cm-1,1600cm-1,1460cm-1等位置的杂质峰明显大于图1中的杂质峰,由此可见,通过本实施例所得产物比J&K牌纯度更高。
本实施例所得产物和购买的J&K牌三(2,2’-联吡啶基)氯化钌(Ⅱ)六水合物的高效液相色谱图(SYMMETRYC185μm,4.6*250mmColumn,柱温35℃,波长240nm,水:乙腈=20:80)。
参照附图3、4,对比分析可知,在5.15min左右是主产物的峰,J&K牌(图4)中在2.226min时有一个较大的杂质峰,而本实施例所得产物(图3)中没有该杂质峰,由此可见,通过本实施例所得产物比J&K牌纯度更高。
本实施例所得产物和购买的J&K牌三(2,2’-联吡啶基)氯化钌(Ⅱ)六水合物的核磁共振氢谱(NMRVARIANMercuryPlus400型400MHz测试条件:D2O)。
参照附图5、6,所得产物(图5)与J&K牌三(2,2’-联吡啶基)氯化钌(Ⅱ)六水合物(图6)的核磁共振氢谱图一样,由于该物质为对称结构,所以只有四类化学环境不同的氢,分别在8.418,7.928.7.724,7.238ppm有四个强吸收峰,分别与图中结构式上标的氢位置对应。
实施例2
将氯化钌水合物共26g(100mmol),2,2’-联吡啶78g(500mmol)加入到4L乙二醇和乙醇混合液(乙二醇1600ml)中,这时将反应液边搅拌边加热到90℃,约30min后,氯化钌水合物完全溶解,反应约9小时,停止加热冷却至室温。将反应液减压蒸馏,回收约2000ml乙醇,加入2000ml饱和氯化钠溶液,析出大量红色固体,抽滤得到固体79g,用158ml水重结晶,干燥,得到三(2,2’-联吡啶)氯化钌(Ⅱ)六水合物71g,产率为95.9%。
实施例3
将氯化钌水合物共78g(300mmol),2,2’-联吡啶188g(1200mmol)加入到15L乙二醇和乙醇混合液(乙二醇3L)中,这时将反应液边搅拌边加热到70℃,约30min后,氯化钌水合物完全溶解,反应约10小时,停止加热冷却至室温。将反应液减压蒸馏,回收约12L乙醇,加入10L饱和氯化钠溶液,析出大量红色固体,抽滤得到固体215g,用537ml水重结晶,干燥,得到三(2,2’-联吡啶)氯化钌(Ⅱ)六水合物208g,产率为93.7%。
Claims (3)
1.一种钌(Ⅱ)络合物三(2,2’-联吡啶)氯化钌(Ⅱ)六水合物的制备方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
将氯化钌水合物和2,2’-联吡啶溶于乙醇和乙二醇混合溶剂中;混合溶剂中乙二醇体积为20%-40%;以摩尔比计,氯化钌水合物中三氯化钌:2,2’-联吡啶为1:4-1:5;且在混合溶剂中所述三氯化钌的浓度为0.02-0.025mol/L;
加热反应,冷却至室温,将乙醇旋转蒸发;
加入饱和氯化钠溶液析出固体,过滤,加水重结晶,干燥得到三(2,2’-联吡啶)氯化钌(Ⅱ)六水合物。
2.如权利要求1所述钌(Ⅱ)络合物三(2,2’-联吡啶)氯化钌(Ⅱ)六水合物的制备方法,其特征在于加热反应温度为70-100℃,反应时间为6-10h。
3.如权利要求1所述钌(Ⅱ)络合物三(2,2’-联吡啶)氯化钌(Ⅱ)六水合物的制备方法,其特征在于用水重结晶浓度为2-2.5ml/g。
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CN103509059A (zh) * | 2012-12-31 | 2014-01-15 | 中山大学 | 一种环金属化钌配合物及其制备方法和应用 |
CN103483388A (zh) * | 2013-09-05 | 2014-01-01 | 中山大学 | 具有抗肿瘤活性的Norharman-钌(II)多吡啶配合物 |
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