CN103951610B - 一种钌多吡啶配合物的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种钌多吡啶配合物的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN103951610B
CN103951610B CN201410213112.5A CN201410213112A CN103951610B CN 103951610 B CN103951610 B CN 103951610B CN 201410213112 A CN201410213112 A CN 201410213112A CN 103951610 B CN103951610 B CN 103951610B
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bipyridyl
ruthenium
ethanol
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CN103951610A (zh
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秦华利
陈小清
韩家斌
郝建宏
张方林
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Wuhan University of Technology WUT
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    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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    • C07D213/00Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/02Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/04Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D213/06Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms in addition to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D213/22Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms in addition to the ring nitrogen atom containing two or more pyridine rings directly linked together, e.g. bipyridyl
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    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D213/00Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/02Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/04Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D213/06Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms in addition to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D213/127Preparation from compounds containing pyridine rings

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种电化学发光试剂钌多吡啶配合物的简易制备方法。将氯化钌水合物和2,2’-联吡啶溶于乙醇和乙二醇混合溶剂中;氯化钌水合物中三氯化钌:2,2’-联吡啶为1:4-1:5;且在混合溶剂中所述三氯化钌的浓度为0.02-0.025mol/L;加热反应,反应温度为70-100℃,反应时间为6-10h,冷却至室温,将乙醇旋转蒸发;加入饱和氯化钠溶液析出固体,过滤,加水重结晶,干燥得到三(2,2’-联吡啶)氯化钌(Ⅱ)六水合物。合成方法简便、反应步骤短、易操作,有机溶剂消耗量小,后处理简单,产品纯度高,贵金属钌的转化率高达95%,环保压力小,便于工业生产。

Description

一种钌多吡啶配合物的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及电化学技术领域,具体涉及一种电化学发光试剂钌多吡啶配合物的简易制备方法。
背景技术
钌是铂族金属中的一种稀有金属元素,在催化、工业生产等方面都起着至关重要的作用。在配位化学领域,由于钌配合物具有激发态反应活性高、寿命长、热力学稳定性好、光化学光物理信息丰富及发光性能良好等特性,目前已有很多被广泛应用于非线性光学材料、化学发光、分子识别、分子光开关电子转移和光催化降解水及有机物等领域的研究,除此之外,一些钌配合物由于在可见光区有明显的吸收,作为高效染料敏化剂被用于染料敏化太阳能电池中,有些钌配合物还具有优良的电化学特性,又在电致发光材料、生物传感器等方面有重要用途。为了提高染料敏化太阳能电池的光电转换效率,优化电致发光材料的发光性能,设计合成新型的性能更加优良的钌配合物具有非常重要的实际意义。
在过去的几十年中,由于电化学发光体系具有灵敏度高、背景信号小、仪器简单及时可控性好等优点,电化学发光引起了人们极大的关注。在所有的电化学发光体系中,Ru(bpy)3 2+由于具有诸多优点(如较好的水溶性、稳定性高、反应条件较宽松、灵敏度和发光效率高等)成为人们研究最多的一种电化学发光试剂。钌配合物在生物和医学领域中的DNA分析、胺类和醇类物质检测以及药物分析等方面得到广泛的应用。然而遗憾的是三(2,2’-联吡啶)氯化钌(Ⅱ)六水合物的合成方法一直都不成熟,给其产业化带来了极大的挑战,严重阻碍了钌类电化学发光材料的开发进程。因此,开发更为实用性的合成工艺也变得尤为迫切。
FrancisH.Burstall.等在文献J.Chem.SOC.,1936,173.中用三氯化钌和2,2’-联吡啶在250-260℃无溶剂下热解反应3小时,然后用苯萃取除去未反应完的2,2’-联吡啶,加水将固体残渣溶解,抽滤除去不溶物,收集滤液,旋干,用少量水重结晶。该反应在250-260℃无溶剂下热解反应,反应条件剧烈,杂质不易控制,而且产率低,后处理操作复杂,使用的有机溶剂苯有毒不环保,不利于工业化大规模生产。
F.P.Dwyer等在文献J.Proc.Roy.SOC.NSW,83,134(1949).中用K4[Ru2Cl10O].H2O和二联吡啶来制备Ru(bpy)3Cl2.6H2O,但是K4[Ru2Cl10O].H2O本身需要通过单独制备而得,所以通过该方法Ru(bpy)3Cl2.6H2O,步骤冗长,操作复杂,不利于工业化生产。
JohnA.Broomhead和CharlesG.Young等在文献InorganicSyntheses,28,1990.中将干燥的三氯化钌(将购买的三氯化钌放入120℃的烘箱烘烤4个小时)和2,2’-联吡啶溶于水,加入新配的次磷酸钠溶液(将块状氢氧化钠小心的加入到31%的次磷酸中,直到有少量固体析出,慢慢滴加次磷酸直到固体再次溶解,即得次磷酸钠溶液),回流反应30分钟。回流过程中,溶液颜色由一开始的绿色变成棕色,最后变成橙色,抽滤除去不溶的原料,滤液中加入KCl,析出固体,将溶液和固体煮沸得到深红色的溶液,室温冷却,析出红色晶体,抽滤,分别用含10%水的丙酮和无水丙酮冲洗固体,即得产品,收率80%。产品用水重结晶。该方法使用三氯化钌之前先干燥,接下来又用水作溶剂,所以干燥这一步是无用功。且反应中用到次磷酸钠,是一种磷的含氧酸,也是一种很强的还原剂,在美国购买及使用受到严格管制。所以,这种方法制备Ru(bpy)3Cl2.6H2O,原料不易得,操作复杂,产率不高,不易于工业化生产。
SherriA.McFarland等在文献J.Am.Chem.Soc.2005,127,7065-7070.中用三氯化钌和2,2’-联吡啶在氮气保护下,用乙二醇作溶剂,回流反应,等反应液变至橙色结束,冷却至室温,慢慢加入乙醚,析出固体,抽滤即得产品。纯化产品时先溶于乙腈,再倒入乙醚中除去未反应完的2,2’-联吡啶,再用水重结晶。该方法用乙二醇作溶剂,若不先将乙二醇旋掉一部分,后处理中需要加入大量乙醚才能析出固体,但是乙二醇沸点198℃,不易除去,所以该方法后处理麻烦,需要加入大量乙醚,且乙醚有麻醉作用,受管制,不易大量采购。反应温度高,对反应容器要求就高,故不利于工业化扩大生产。
发明内容
本发明目的在于提供一种制备三(2,2’-联吡啶)氯化钌(Ⅱ)六水合物的方法,合成方法简便、反应步骤短、易操作,有机溶剂消耗量小,后处理简单,产品纯度高,贵金属钌的转化率高达95%,环保压力小,便于工业生产。
一种钌(Ⅱ)络合物三(2,2’-联吡啶)氯化钌(Ⅱ)六水合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
将氯化钌水合物和2,2’-联吡啶溶于乙醇和乙二醇混合溶剂中;
加热反应,冷却至室温,将乙醇旋转蒸发;
加入饱和氯化钠溶液析出固体,过滤,加水重结晶,干燥得到三(2,2’-联吡啶)氯化钌(Ⅱ)六水合物。
按上述方案,所述混合溶剂中乙二醇体积20%-40%。
按上述方案,以摩尔比计,氯化钌水合物中三氯化钌:2,2’-联吡啶为1:4-1:5;且在混合溶剂中所述三氯化钌的浓度为0.02-0.025mol/L。
按上述方案,加热反应温度为70-100℃,反应时间为6-10h。
按上述方案,用水重结晶浓度为2-2.5ml/g。
本发明以简单易得的氯化钌水合物为起始原料,以乙二醇和乙醇为溶剂,以2,2’-联吡啶作配体。乙醇与乙二醇不会形成共沸物,故可以采用反应结束后,将乙醇旋转蒸发回收的后处理方法。
本发明的有益效果在于:
反应简便易于操作,总体产率和产品纯度较现有方法大大提高。
采用乙醇、乙二醇做溶剂,乙醇和乙二醇不会形成共沸物,乙醇沸点低,易与回收,环保压力小。
后处理中回收乙醇后直接加入饱和氯化钠溶液,析出固体,抽滤即得粗产品,没有使用任何有机溶剂,相对于现有技术有很大的简化,易于工业放大。
产品用水重结晶,大大减轻对环境的压力,且纯化效果佳,适合大规模生产。
附图说明
图1:实施例1所得产物红外吸收光谱图;
图2:购买的J&K牌三(2,2’-联吡啶基)氯化钌(Ⅱ)六水合物的红外吸收光谱图;
图3:实施例1所得产物高效液相色谱图;
图4:购买的J&K牌三(2,2’-联吡啶基)氯化钌(Ⅱ)六水合物的高效液相色谱图;
图5:实施例1所得产物核磁共振氢谱图;
图6:购买的J&K牌三(2,2’-联吡啶基)氯化钌(Ⅱ)六水合物的核磁共振氢谱图。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例,进一步阐明本发明,仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。
本发明钌(Ⅱ)络合物三(2,2’-联吡啶)氯化钌(Ⅱ)六水合物的制备方法,步骤如下:
将氯化钌水合物和2,2’-联吡啶溶于乙醇和乙二醇混合溶剂中;
加热反应,冷却至室温,将乙醇旋转蒸发;
加入饱和氯化钠溶液析出固体,过滤,加水重结晶,干燥得到三(2,2’-联吡啶)氯化钌(Ⅱ)六水合物。
本发明反应简便易于操作,总体产率和产品纯度较现有方法大大提高。后处理中回收乙醇后直接加入饱和氯化钠溶液,析出固体,抽滤即得粗产品,没有使用任何有机溶剂,相对于现有技术有很大的简化,易于工业放大。
优化地,混合溶剂中乙二醇体积20%-40%。
优化地,以摩尔比计,氯化钌水合物中三氯化钌:2,2’-联吡啶为1:4-1:5;且在混合溶剂中所述三氯化钌的浓度为0.02-0.025mol/L。
优化地,加热反应温度为70-100℃,反应时间为6-10h。
优化地,用水重结晶浓度为2-2.5ml/g。
实施例1
将氯化钌水合物共13g(50mmol),2,2’-联吡啶39g(250mmol)加入到2L乙二醇和乙醇混合液(乙二醇400ml)中,这时将反应液边搅拌边加热到100℃,约20min后,氯化钌水合物完全溶解,反应约7小时,停止加热冷却至室温。将反应液减压蒸馏,回收约1200ml乙醇,加入1000ml饱和氯化钠溶液,析出大量红色固体,抽滤得到固体37g,用93ml水重结晶,干燥,得到三(2,2’-联吡啶)氯化钌(Ⅱ)六水合物35g,产率为94.6%。
本实施例所得产物和购买的J&K牌三(2,2’-联吡啶基)氯化钌(Ⅱ)六水合物的红外吸收光谱图(IR光谱测试仪器:BrukerVECTOR-22,测试条件:KBr压片)。
参照附图1、2,对比分析可知,在图2中3050cm-1,1600cm-1,1460cm-1等位置的杂质峰明显大于图1中的杂质峰,由此可见,通过本实施例所得产物比J&K牌纯度更高。
本实施例所得产物和购买的J&K牌三(2,2’-联吡啶基)氯化钌(Ⅱ)六水合物的高效液相色谱图(SYMMETRYC185μm,4.6*250mmColumn,柱温35℃,波长240nm,水:乙腈=20:80)。
参照附图3、4,对比分析可知,在5.15min左右是主产物的峰,J&K牌(图4)中在2.226min时有一个较大的杂质峰,而本实施例所得产物(图3)中没有该杂质峰,由此可见,通过本实施例所得产物比J&K牌纯度更高。
本实施例所得产物和购买的J&K牌三(2,2’-联吡啶基)氯化钌(Ⅱ)六水合物的核磁共振氢谱(NMRVARIANMercuryPlus400型400MHz测试条件:D2O)。
参照附图5、6,所得产物(图5)与J&K牌三(2,2’-联吡啶基)氯化钌(Ⅱ)六水合物(图6)的核磁共振氢谱图一样,由于该物质为对称结构,所以只有四类化学环境不同的氢,分别在8.418,7.928.7.724,7.238ppm有四个强吸收峰,分别与图中结构式上标的氢位置对应。
实施例2
将氯化钌水合物共26g(100mmol),2,2’-联吡啶78g(500mmol)加入到4L乙二醇和乙醇混合液(乙二醇1600ml)中,这时将反应液边搅拌边加热到90℃,约30min后,氯化钌水合物完全溶解,反应约9小时,停止加热冷却至室温。将反应液减压蒸馏,回收约2000ml乙醇,加入2000ml饱和氯化钠溶液,析出大量红色固体,抽滤得到固体79g,用158ml水重结晶,干燥,得到三(2,2’-联吡啶)氯化钌(Ⅱ)六水合物71g,产率为95.9%。
实施例3
将氯化钌水合物共78g(300mmol),2,2’-联吡啶188g(1200mmol)加入到15L乙二醇和乙醇混合液(乙二醇3L)中,这时将反应液边搅拌边加热到70℃,约30min后,氯化钌水合物完全溶解,反应约10小时,停止加热冷却至室温。将反应液减压蒸馏,回收约12L乙醇,加入10L饱和氯化钠溶液,析出大量红色固体,抽滤得到固体215g,用537ml水重结晶,干燥,得到三(2,2’-联吡啶)氯化钌(Ⅱ)六水合物208g,产率为93.7%。

Claims (3)

1.一种钌(Ⅱ)络合物三(2,2’-联吡啶)氯化钌(Ⅱ)六水合物的制备方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
将氯化钌水合物和2,2’-联吡啶溶于乙醇和乙二醇混合溶剂中;混合溶剂中乙二醇体积为20%-40%;以摩尔比计,氯化钌水合物中三氯化钌:2,2’-联吡啶为1:4-1:5;且在混合溶剂中所述三氯化钌的浓度为0.02-0.025mol/L;
加热反应,冷却至室温,将乙醇旋转蒸发;
加入饱和氯化钠溶液析出固体,过滤,加水重结晶,干燥得到三(2,2’-联吡啶)氯化钌(Ⅱ)六水合物。
2.如权利要求1所述钌(Ⅱ)络合物三(2,2’-联吡啶)氯化钌(Ⅱ)六水合物的制备方法,其特征在于加热反应温度为70-100℃,反应时间为6-10h。
3.如权利要求1所述钌(Ⅱ)络合物三(2,2’-联吡啶)氯化钌(Ⅱ)六水合物的制备方法,其特征在于用水重结晶浓度为2-2.5ml/g。
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