CN103931372B - The administering method of stony desertification that Karst Mountain Areas is slight - Google Patents
The administering method of stony desertification that Karst Mountain Areas is slight Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present patent application relates to the administering method of the slight stony desertification in a kind of Karst Mountain Areas, is included in same arable land unit and adopts " fruit forest zones+crops " plantation to combine, and shrub land and unused land protect Lin Weizhu to plant water, set up tree-grass complex ecotype; Vegetation structure is distributed rationally, by soil ladderization technology, builds stone ridge transforming slope into terrace, and supporting field produces sidewalk construction, by amatsubo, intercepting drain, sand basin, aqueduct, little water cellar, washing basin auxiliary construction, sets up domatic collection rain system; Exploitation underground river, underground, build underground river, underground pumping irrigation station, water resources rational is allocated, adopt preserving soil moisture technology, water-saving irrigation technique, set up the steps such as scientific and reasonable irrigation method, by this administering method, the slight stony desertification of Karst Mountain Areas is effectively administered, water and soil loss weakens, and stony desertification trend is curbed, social economy and ecological construction coordinated development.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the administering method of the slight stony desertification in a kind of Karst Mountain Areas.
Background technology
China is exposed, half exposed karst distribution area reaches more than 1,300,000 square kilometres, accounts for 13.54% of territory total area.Karst Area In South China centered by Guizhou Plateau 550,000 square kilometres, be China and even the world is tropical, subtropics karst distribution area is maximum, grow the strongest area, environment of karst all has very strong typicalness and representativeness with ecological problem in national and the world.Special environment and ecology all creates many-sided effect to natural conditions, human survival and socio-economic development: on the one hand; the earth history differentiation acting as power with corrosion, erosion and avalanche defines the colourful torrid zone, subtropics karst landscape; the status highlighted is occupied in world's karst; high-grade world natural heritage, in the urgent need to protection.On the other hand, with population overloading, deforest and reclamation, the human history that water and soil loss and stony desert turn to core develops the degeneration exacerbating fragile ecological environment, and socio-economic development is delayed, has very strong representativeness in world's karst, in the urgent need to administering.
Karst is a huge Man Land relationship system, and the ecosystem fragile in system under moving obstacle, defines and has the exclusive environmental degradation phenomenon in karst, be i.e. stony desertification in strong people.Stony desertification is under Vulnerable kast ecologicalenvironmenin, the irrational socio-economic activity of the mankind, cause particularly thorny, the vegetation deterioration in people ground, water and soil loss, rock gradually exposed, productivity of land decline lose, earth's surface visually presents the evolution process being similar to desertification view.The generation of stony desertification, it is a multifactor result formed that interacts, be not simple natural process, but a nature and society economy is tightly correlated with, take factor as the leading factor with human activity and the environmental deterioration caused, vegetation degeneration, water and soil loss, rock exposed process gradually.
Stony desertification intensity in Karst Mountain Areas can be divided into six grades according to the exposed rate of rock and vegetation and the capped rate of soil, be respectively without stony desertification, potential stony desertification, slight stony desertification, moderate stony desertification, intensity stony desertification and extremely strong stony desertification, slight stony desertification refers to the exposed rate of rock between 31-50%, vegetation or the capped Karst Mountain Areas of rate between 50-69% of soil.
It is ecology strategy that is main, that strengthen prevention that slight stony desertification district takes to administer, and mainly through Human Capital Stock of improving the health of the people, vitalize, opens up multi-industry labour market; Walk the mode of sustainable development of resource-conserving, the ecotype etc. " three is high " agricultural, with Water-saving agro-forestry pattern for point of penetration, take industrialized development as core, to improve productivity of land for means, with the reasonable disposition of resource be utilized as condition, change high flow rate resource extensive economy development model, promote Ecological Fragile Karst Area ecological recovery and Regional Economic Sustainable Development unification mutually.Combining environmental feature is implemented to improve the soil, water distribution, economize on water, join fertile arable land land reclamation, transforming slope into terrace, conceding the land to forestry and grass, water conservancy expert etc., the ecological agriculture and Pastoralism production models such as carrying out comprising three-dimensional agroforestry energetically, fruit medicine is main forestry type pilot, woods herds mating type, herd agriculture mating type, Water-saving agro-forestry is compound, progressively form resource saving economy system.
Also do not have in prior art specially for the comprehensive processing method of the slight stony desertification in Karst Mountain Areas, namely the present invention is the stony desertification treatment method for this kind of region.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides the administering method in slight stony desertification region, a kind of Karst Mountain Areas, the method is specially for the comprehensive processing method in slight stony desertification region, Karst Mountain Areas, administered by the method, the water and soil loss of Karst Mountain Areas obviously reduces, rock is exposed is contained, human society and the economy in this region are developed in harmony.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme, comprises the steps:
1) in same arable land unit, carry out space matching and structure matching, adopt " fruit forest zones+crops " plantation to combine, set up woods grain complex ecological type;
2) shrub land and unused land protect Lin Weizhu to plant water, select glossy privet, cypress, the program request of locust tree seeds, and utilize idle soil to plant perennial ryegrass, other forest land is according to soil idle degrees, select walnut, the winter peach, perennial ryegrass plants, and sets up tree-grass complex ecotype;
3) vegetation structure is distributed rationally, " fruit forest zones+corn+herbage " the crop disposition mode of employing, the gradient is greater than to Farmland Development fruit forest zones industry and the livestock breeding of 25 degree, ground, part stone nook or peasant household reserve area idly for one's own use, pattern formula is run in development " fruit forest zones+vegetables+herbage " flower garden concurrently, supplements and improves regional economic structure;
4) by soil ladderization technology, build stone ridge transforming slope into terrace, supporting field produces sidewalk construction, and containment water and soil loss further develops, and utilizes walnut, capsicum, perennial ryegrass to build biological transforming slope into terrace.Both reduced water and soil loss, increased economic well-being of workers and staff again, improved soil cultivating mode, promote minimal till, no-tillage, shift of crops, applies fertilizers scientifically, and changes soil physico-chemical property, reaches soil melioration object.
5) by amatsubo, intercepting drain, sand basin, aqueduct, little water cellar, washing basin auxiliary construction, domatic collection rain system is set up; Adopt set roof rain technology, be made up of roof amatsubo, aqueduct, filtering ponds and water cellar, namely utilize concrete to build roofing amatsubo, and build water cellar under room, then with pipeline, water in water cellar is conveyed within doors, build simple running water and drink for people and animals.
6) underground river, underground is developed, build underground river, underground pumping irrigation station, adopt " always regulating cistern → aqueduct → secondary one-level balancing tank → aqueduct → cistern " that water resources rational is allocated, adopt preserving soil moisture technology, water-saving irrigation technique, set up scientific and reasonable Water Saving Irrigation Mode.
Outstanding feature of the present invention is:
1, specially for the comprehensive processing method of slight stony desertification Karst Mountain Areas;
2, making full use of environment, economic society and advantageous feature, by building specialty economies forest and fruit development model, driving the development of characteristic fruit forest zones industry;
3, make full use of land resources, realize basin socio-economic development.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
A township, Bijie stone bridge basin, Guizhou belongs to typical slight stony desertification region, Karst Mountain Areas, and applicant has carried out the pilot of Rocky Desertification Control in this region, have employed following administering method:
---on same Land Units, carry out space matching and structure matching, adopt " fruit forest zones+crops (medicine) " plantation to combine, utilize variety of crops improving technology, stable crop yield high yield technology, fruit tree planting technique, fruit tree later stage tending management technology, woods grain standardized planting technology etc. to set up woods grain complex ecological type.
---shrub land and unused land protect Lin Weizhu to plant water, select the seeds program requests such as glossy privet, cypress, locust tree, and utilize idle soil to plant perennial ryegrass.Other forest land according to soil idle degrees, select walnut, the winter peach, perennial ryegrass plants.By woods grass standardized planting technology, woods grass spatial planting technology, meadow nursery and grass planting technology, woods grass tending management technology etc., set up tree-grass complex ecotype.
---adopt vegetation structure to distribute technology rationally, adopt " fruit forest zones+corn+herbage " crop disposition mode, change the gradient and be greater than the general layout of 25 degree of sloping upland based on maize planting, development fruit forest zones industry and livestock breeding.It is comparatively large that ground, part stone nook or peasant household reserve area idly for one's own use, by " fruit forest zones+vegetables+herbage " flower garden concurrent management type mode construction, supplements and improve River valley economy structure.
---by soil ladderization technology, build stone ridge transforming slope into terrace, supporting field produces sidewalk construction, and containment water and soil loss further develops.Utilize walnut, capsicum, perennial ryegrass etc. to build biological transforming slope into terrace, both reduced water and soil loss, and increased economic well-being of workers and staff again.Improve soil cultivating mode, promote minimal till, no-tillage, shift of crops, the technology such as apply fertilizers scientifically, and changes soil physico-chemical property, reach soil melioration object.
---for basin water resources skewness weighing apparatus, by amatsubo, intercepting drain, sand basin, aqueduct, little water cellar, washing basin auxiliary construction, set up domatic collection rain system.Middle part adopts set roof rain technology, is made up of roof amatsubo, aqueduct, filtering ponds and water cellar, namely utilizes concrete to build roofing amatsubo, and build water cellar under room, then be conveyed within doors with pipeline by water in water cellar, builds simple running water and drinks for people and animals.By stone loft fiber crops underground river, nest underground, exploitation Shi Ge village, build underground river, underground pumping irrigation station, adopt " always regulating cistern → aqueduct → secondary one-level balancing tank → aqueduct → cistern " water resources rational blending technology, set up basin water resources reasonably optimizing allotment system.Belong to the feature of typical Techniques in Dry-farming Areas for basin, adopt preserving soil moisture technology, water-saving irrigation technique, set up scientific and reasonable irrigation method.
This area came into effect pilot from 06 year, through the improvement of 7 years, administered stony desertification area altogether and was about 443.75hm
2.Vegetation cover mulched ground improves 9.36 percentage points.Effectively improve the ecological environment, the ecotope of Rock Desertification Degree upper zone is recovered, and stony desertification grade reduces; Human livestock drinking water, farmland irrigation water solve substantially, cultivated land utilization diversification, and output capacity is improved, and increases farmers' income, and promote Karst Rocky Desertification Region ecological recovery and Regional Economic Sustainable Development unification mutually.
Embodiment 2
In the B adjacent with A township, Bijie stone bridge basin, Guizhou area, applicant started to carry out improvement pilot in 2010, adopt identical method, through the improvement of 3 years, vegetation cover mulched ground improves 3.4 percentage points, the trend of stony desertification is effectively contained, per capita income level has had the growth of 14%, and economic society is further developed.
Claims (1)
1. an administering method for the slight stony desertification in Karst Mountain Areas, comprises the steps:
1) in same arable land unit, carry out space matching and structure matching, adopt " fruit forest zones+crops " plantation to combine, set up woods grain complex ecological type;
2) shrub land and unused land protect Lin Weizhu to plant water, select glossy privet, cypress, the program request of locust tree seeds, and utilize idle soil to plant perennial ryegrass, other forest land is according to soil idle degrees, select walnut, the winter peach, perennial ryegrass plants, and sets up tree-grass complex ecotype;
3) vegetation structure is distributed rationally, " fruit forest zones+corn+herbage " the crop disposition mode of employing, the gradient is greater than to Farmland Development fruit forest zones industry and the livestock breeding of 25 degree, ground, part stone nook or peasant household reserve area idly for one's own use, pattern formula is run in development " fruit forest zones+vegetables+herbage " flower garden concurrently, supplements and improves regional economic structure;
4) by soil ladderization technology, build stone ridge transforming slope into terrace, supporting field produces sidewalk construction, and containment water and soil loss further develops; Utilize walnut, capsicum, perennial ryegrass to build plant hedge, both reduced water and soil loss, and increased economic well-being of workers and staff again, improvement soil cultivating mode, popularization is minimal tilled, no-tillage, conservation tillage, shift of crops, apply fertilizers scientifically, change soil physico-chemical property, reach soil melioration object;
5) by amatsubo, intercepting drain, sand basin, aqueduct, little water cellar, washing basin auxiliary construction, domatic collection rain system is set up; Adopt set roof rain technology, be made up of roof amatsubo, aqueduct, filtering ponds and water cellar, namely utilize concrete to build roofing amatsubo, and build water cellar under room, then with pipeline, water in water cellar is conveyed within doors, build simple running water and drink for people and animals;
6) underground river, underground is developed, build underground river, underground pumping irrigation station, adopt " always regulating cistern → aqueduct → secondary one-level balancing tank → aqueduct → cistern " that water resources rational is allocated, adopt preserving soil moisture, water-saving irrigation, set up scientific and reasonable irrigation method.
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Families Citing this family (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104303799A (en) * | 2014-10-31 | 2015-01-28 | 贵州师范大学 | Karst slope hedgerow planting method |
| CN105210659B (en) * | 2015-11-09 | 2017-11-10 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | The implantation methods of oasis periphery economic forest under the drip irrigation of Arid Sandy Areas |
| CN106677152A (en) * | 2015-11-10 | 2017-05-17 | 周昌发 | Water resource space coordination technology |
| CN105875327A (en) * | 2016-04-21 | 2016-08-24 | 贵州师范大学 | Hedging planting method of hedgerow in karst region |
| CN106386094A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-15 | 云南能投生态环境科技有限公司 | Method suitable for treating plateau stony desertification under photovoltaic panels |
| CN108370881A (en) * | 2016-11-23 | 2018-08-07 | 雷学军 | The method that herbaceous plant copes with Global climate change |
| CN107853121B (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2023-09-26 | 长江水利委员会长江科学院 | Comprehensive control system and method for agricultural non-point source pollution of hillside fields |
| CN109673194A (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-04-26 | 钦州学院 | A kind of improvement of Karst Rocky Desertification Region soil and soil and water conservation method |
| CN109601303A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-04-12 | 广西益江环保科技股份有限公司 | A kind of method of Rocky Desertification Region restoration of the ecosystem and ecological agriculture plantation |
| CN110313364A (en) * | 2019-07-31 | 2019-10-11 | 湖南农业大学 | A kind of mountain area terraced fields sustainable development ecosystem construction method |
| WO2022094859A1 (en) * | 2020-11-05 | 2022-05-12 | 盛宝富 | Method for systematically protecting and utilizing mountain and hill resources |
| CN115019184B (en) * | 2022-07-28 | 2023-02-07 | 北京卫星信息工程研究所 | Remote-sensing-image-based stony desertification degree automatic grading method and device |
| CN116369159B (en) * | 2023-05-23 | 2023-12-08 | 贵州师范大学 | Low-carbon precipitation collecting and irrigating method for stony bud ditch on stony desertification slope |
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