CN102986328B - Method for preventing and treating agricultural non-point source pollution of sloping field - Google Patents
Method for preventing and treating agricultural non-point source pollution of sloping field Download PDFInfo
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- CN102986328B CN102986328B CN201210541052.0A CN201210541052A CN102986328B CN 102986328 B CN102986328 B CN 102986328B CN 201210541052 A CN201210541052 A CN 201210541052A CN 102986328 B CN102986328 B CN 102986328B
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for preventing and treating the agricultural non-point source pollution of a sloping field, comprising the following step: applying chemical control agents to the agricultural crops in the sloping filed, namely applying 0.3-1.5kg of soil structure conditioner, 3-18kg of soil water-retaining agent and 1-3kg of plant anti-evaporation agent to the sloping field per mu. If the sloping field has the sloping angle of 5-10 degrees, 0.3-1kg of soil structure conditioner is applied to the sloping filed per mu, if the sloping field has the sloping angle of 10-15 degrees. 0.6-1.5kg of soil structure conditioner is applied to the sloping field per mu, and if the sloping filed has the sloping angle of more than 15 degrees, 1.0-2.0kg of soil structure conditioner is applied to the sloping field per mu. According to the method provided by the invention, a soil-crop system is taken as a whole pollution-prevention object, and the non-point source pollution is prevented and treated by adopting the technological means of chemical coordinated control, thus a better effect is achieved. Due to the adoption of the method, the purposes of reducing the application amount of the fertilizer and the pesticide, reducing the water and soil erosion of the slope and the loss of pollutants, preventing the deep leakage of the water and fertilizer, reducing the wasteful evaporation of crops, increasing the yield, conditioning and using the water and the fertilizer efficiently are achieved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural and fruit tree, crop genetics field, be specifically related to a kind of method using chemicals.
Background technology
The north arid and semiarid agricultural production district vegetation coverage lower, rainfall spatial and temporal distributions is uneven, the water and soil loss that easy formation is serious, in addition agricultural fertilizer material, Pesticide use amount are excessive, the factors such as irrigation method is extensive, cause the problems such as liquid manure utilization ratio is low, economic output ratio is not high, and the soil erosion type widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area caused by water and soil loss all creates serious harmful effect to crop quality and environmental ecology health especially.Widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area occurs along with surface hydrological process, liquid manure runs off mainly through 1. rainfall-runoff-erosion-earth's surface in Removed In Soil-crop System, and 2. rainfall (irrigation)-soil liquid manure motion-leaching seepage and 3. rainfall (irrigation)-soil liquid manure motion-Crop-Crop transpirstion three kinds approach move.The present invention is based on chemical preservation technology, gathers the respective functional characteristics of three kinds of typification controlling agents (soil structure conditioner, water-loss reducer of soil, transpiration inhibitor) and controls targetedly three main paties that liquid manure is migrated in Removed In Soil-crop System.Along with the fast development of rural area and city suburbs economic construction, the water pollution that the improper use of chemical fertilizer, agricultural chemicals, plastic sheeting for farm use, feces of livestock and poultry and solid waste brings, drinking water Quality Down, agricultural product quality and safety and whole ecological environment problem become increasingly conspicuous.Meanwhile, large quantity research shows, developed country's utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer is 40-60%, phosphate fertilizer is 10-20%, and potash fertilizer is 50-60%, and China's utilization rate of fertilizer is generally lower than above-mentioned horizontal 5-20 percentage point, the nitrogen quantity of annual loss is equivalent to the urea of more than 1,900 ten thousand t, amounts to RMB more than 380 hundred million yuan.The low utilization of agricultural chemicals, chemical fertilizer and maximum discharge cause serious widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area.
The application of the technology that current domestic and international application chemicals carries out Slopeland Agriculture Ides On Prevention And Control of Regional Pollution mainly each single technology, the antifouling approach of consideration is more single.External researcher Shainberg I, Sirjacobs D, Sojka RE, Lentz RD and domestic thunder court of a feudal ruler force, Tang Zejun, Yu Jian, Liu Jigen etc. are as control object using natural slope poor for soil structure, application soil structure conditioner carries out the research of slope soil erosion and fertilizer loss control aspect, the skinning degree of table soil is alleviated after technology application, enhance the performance of infiltrating of soil, fixing water and soil, decreases domatic water and soil loss.Although this technology decreases domatic fertilizer loss to a certain extent, and fail to solve the quick leakage problems of liquid manure on soil vertical direction well, and this technology also fails to realize the lifting of crop self to liquid manure sticking performance well.
Soil structure conditioner is being applied to after domatic widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area Prevention status problem carries out conscientious analysis and research, with reference to Tyliszczak B simultaneously, Bakass M, Erro J, Du Jianjun, Huang Zhen, the people such as text of an annotated book ripple apply water-loss reducer of soil to reduce liquid manure at the anti-soil technology of soil vertical direction seepage and Voelker BM on orchard, region of no relief and field crop, Hernandez D, Chiou CT, Li Maosong, Wang Fengbao, Zhou Lina etc. apply transpiration inhibitor to reduce the luxurious rising technology promoting crop liquid manure sticking function of crop on fruit tree and field crop, we have proposed the chemical cooperated regulation and control anti-soil technology pattern for Removed In Soil-crop System, strong supplementing has been carried out to the technology of application soil structure conditioner control Slopeland Agriculture pollution of area source, compensate for the leak of single technology when carrying out antifouling application, define anti-fouling effect better, economic output is than higher chemical preservation comprehensive technology system.
For many years, the improvement of each big city relevant departments to widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area situation is paid much attention to, and Prevention Technique also achieves certain effect.But because some Soils In The Region structures are poor; water and soil balance is serious; and ecological and environmental protection influential effect are not taken into account in building of some local water-saving engineering; covet efficient water use and ignore the protection of job facilities surrounding area environment; peasant household lacks necessary water and fertilizer management knowledge; for pursuing high yield; blindly excessive use chemical fertilizer and agricultural chemicals; these all cause main agricultural planting district, city and water conservation district peripheral surface source pollution problem is given prominence to, and have badly influenced the sustainable development of these area agriculturals and economic construction.
Changing control anti-soil technology is the liquid manure situation utilizing chemical substance to regulate and control soil and crop, to reach improvement soil structure, to reduce water and soil loss, improve soil water-reataining fertilizer-keeping ability, suppress soil evaporation, prevent liquid manure deep percolation, strengthen water and fertilizer coupling stress efficacy, reduce the luxurious transpiration of plant, strengthen pesticide efficacy, modified volume increase, and then realize liquid manure efficiency utilization and reduce the novel non-engineering control technique of one that widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area is target.Compared with other engineering, change control anti-soil technology and have more the advantages such as easy and simple to handle, less investment, instant effect, benefit are outstanding, be expected to become the agricultural synthesis technology of suitable northern area widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area control and the modified volume increase of crop.
Under the joint efforts of scientific research department and manufacturing enterprise, the production technology of currentization control anti-soil technology product is mature on the whole, and application test research deepens continuously, and the various crop such as cereal crops, economic crops, flowers or vegetables, fruit nursery stock obtain application.But in general, the main or application of monotechnics at present of Chinaization control anti-soil technology, the research of meta-synthetic engineering lacks; Single administration mode is studied more, and forming technique of forming a complete and comprehensive system for collecting real estate fees research is very few.Single due to method of application, cause each single technology can not carry out comprehensive control to agricultural area source pollutants, liquid manure utilization ratio is lower, and pollutant catabolic gene efficiency is not ideal enough.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiency of this area research invention, the object of the invention is to provide a kind of change control preventing and treating Slopeland Agriculture pollution of area source and works in coordination with anti-soil technology, cause liquid manure utilization ratio lower because method of application is single to overcome in prior art, the defect that pollutant catabolic gene efficiency is not high.
The concrete technical scheme realizing the object of the invention is:
Prevent and treat a method for Slopeland Agriculture pollution of area source, it is for Slopeland Agriculture crop applying controlling agent; Use soil structure conditioner 0.3-2.0kg/ mu; Use water-loss reducer of soil 3-18kg/ mu; Using plant transpiration resistant agent 1-3kg/ mu is total consumption in a Crop growing stage, sprays 3-5 time in the breeding time.
Wherein, water-loss reducer of soil is rudiment early stage (fruit tree) or disposablely applies seedling stage (field crop).Plant transpiration resistant agent sprayed once every 25-30 days.
When described hillside fields is 5-10 ° of landform, the amount of application of soil structure conditioner is 0.3-1kg/ mu; When described hillside fields is 10-15 ° of landform, the amount of application of soil structure conditioner is 0.6-1.5kg/ mu; When described hillside fields is more than 15 ° landform, the amount of application of soil structure conditioner is 1.0-2.0kg/ mu.
Wherein, described soil structure conditioner is one or more in PAMA (PAMA), PAMC (PAMC), non-ionic polyacrylamide (PAMN), amphion polyacrylamide (PAM-CA).Soil structure conditioner has and improves soil structure, increases soil aggregate number, forms more interconnected pore, alleviates crusted topsoil degree, strengthens soil liquid manure and infiltrates performance and reduce rainwash, reduce the function of water and soil loss; Mainly impose on domatic upper soll layer near the ground.
Be manured into soil in the step of texture modifier in the domatic topsoil of long-term cropping, comprise: after turning over or hoeing up weeds measure, pour water and spread fertilizer over the fields at soil surface before rainy season set, when spreading fertilizer over the fields, soil structure conditioner and a certain amount of soil are carried out puddling applying, water after applying and spill a small amount of water, if spread fertilizer over the fields rear chance tillage control measure to destroy table soil structure, need to carry out a certain amount of benefit and execute.Wherein, when using described soil structure conditioner, use after soil structure conditioner is mixed according to mass ratio 1:80-100 with soil.
Wherein, when described crop is fruit tree, apply described water-loss reducer of soil early stage at described crop germination; Being 15-18kg/ mu for more than 7 years fruit tree water-loss reducer of soil amounts of application, is 12-15kg/ mu for less than 7 years fruit tree amounts of application; When described crop is field crop, water-loss reducer of soil amount of application is 3-5kg/ mu; Wherein, after the water-loss reducer that is manured into soil in the soil of described long-term cropping, also comprise and a sufficient irrigation is carried out to described crop.
Wherein, described water-loss reducer of soil is one or more in starch graft polyacrylate, carboxymethyl cellulose product, polyacrylate, polyacrylamide, polyacrylamide-crosslinked acrylic copolymer, polyvinyl alcohol.
Water-loss reducer of soil has water suction repeatedly and inhales fertile function, can slow releasing moisture and nutrient utilize for plant absorption, have improve Water and fertilizer retention ability of soil, suppress soil evaporation, prevent liquid manure deep percolation, extend effective liquid manure utilize the time so that formed soil liquid manure regulate the functions such as miniature storehouse, become a kind of novel antifouling technology of efficiency utilization liquid manure.Water-loss reducer of soil mainly imposes on crop root zone soil.
Wherein, when using described water-loss reducer of soil, use after water-loss reducer of soil is mixed according to mass ratio 1:50-70 with soil.
Wherein, described plant transpiration resistant agent is the one in phenylmercuric acetate (PMA), abscisic acid (ABA), alachlor, Vapor Gard, fulvic acid (FA).
The moisture of plant absorption only has 1% for the manufacture of organic substance, and all the other are mainly used in transpiration.Generally, photosynthetic rate increases with stomatal aperture and increases, but when stomatal aperture reaches a certain value, photosynthetic rate increase is no longer remarkable; Transpiration rate then increases with stomatal aperture and linearly increases, FA then can be utilized to regulate and control stomatal aperture based on this and not sacrifice crop photosynthesis product accumulation and the maximum object of water-saving amount to threshold limit value to reach, and the primary raw material of plant transpiration resistant agent is the acid of organic humus, it can strengthen pesticide efficacy and have organic fertilizer efficiency function, can pesticide dosage be reduced and promote plant physiology function, thus high fruit quality and output.Antitranspirant mainly adopts foliage-spray.
Wherein, when described crop is fruit tree, described plant transpiration resistant agent and water in mass ratio routine 1:150-200 are used after diluting; When described crop is field crop, described plant transpiration resistant agent and water in mass ratio routine 1:200-400 are used after diluting.Amount of application 2-3kg/ mu (fruit tree) or 1-2kg/ mu (field crop).
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
The research of existing chemical preservation all fail by soil and crop integrally system consider, although application soil structure conditioner carries out the performance of infiltrating that slope soil erosion and fertilizer loss control to enhance soil, decrease domatic water and soil and fertilizer loss, but due to the structural improvement on less consideration soil vertical direction, make the liquid manure that infiltrates and fail to be stored well to be held in crop root zone for needed for plant growth, but move along soil vertical direction with speed faster, finally may impact quality of groundwater.And the independent application of water-loss reducer of soil, although good liquid manure can be formed at soil root layer store and hold band, repeatedly needed for sticking liquid manure sustainable supply plant growth, if but liquid manure is many after Erosion on sloping field under domatic landform, fail to be formed and effectively infiltrate, make it there is no unnecessary liquid manure at root zone and can supply sticking, its stronger adsorption capacity may form the competitive Adsorption of same root system to liquid manure on the contrary, reduces the liquid manure absorptive amount of crop.Although the independent application of transpiration inhibitor can promote the GF of crop, strengthen crop to the utilization ratio of liquid manure, can supply to utilize if crop root layer there is no enough liquid manure, it also can be had a greatly reduced quality to the enhanced feature of crop liquid manure utilization ratio.
Therefore, while each individual event anti-soil technology obtains certain effect, the space that still has greatly improved can for excavating.The applicant of the application is by theory analysis and the rear discovery of field trial research for many years for domatic widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area control Prevention Technique, considered by antifouling as a whole for Removed In Soil-crop System object, the control that the collaborative antifouling technological means of employingization control carries out pollution of area source has better effect.Change the collaborative anti-soil technology of control and be different from chemical preservation single technology, collaborative anti-soil technology be by soil and crop as a whole object consider, for the three kind main movement approach of liquid manure in Removed In Soil-crop System, gather three kinds of Exemplary chemical preparations and (show native modifying agent, water-loss reducer of soil, transpiration inhibitor) respective functional characteristics comes coordinated regulation soil and crop liquid manure situation, wherein adopt soil structure conditioner to carry out table soil structure for 1. approach to improve, form more soil aggregate, reduce soil crust degree, strengthen infiltrating of liquid manure, reduce the Erosion on sloping field of liquid manure, adopt water-loss reducer of soil to carry out the improvement of crop root layer soil structure for 2. approach, the liquid manure promoting soil hollow billet stores the ability of holding, repeatedly the liquid manure that infiltrates of sticking, and slow releasing is for needed for plant growth, adopt transpiration inhibitor to carry out the lifting of plant physiology function for 3. approach, improve crop to the absorption and use efficiency of liquid manure, can pesticide efficacy be strengthened simultaneously, using of agricultural chemicals can be reduced.Changing the collaborative anti-soil technology of control is by controlling the specific aim of widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area three approach, reduce the using of fertilizer and agricultural chemicals to reach, reduce domatic water and soil balance and pollutant run off, prevent liquid manure deep percolation, reduce crop luxurious rising, increase production modified, and then realize the comprehensive anti-soil technology of a kind of new chemical of liquid manure efficiency utilization object.
Method of the present invention by soil-crop as a whole, solid can be realized by use in conjunction soil structure conditioner, water-loss reducer of soil and transpiration inhibitor three kinds of preparations, store water holding fertilizer comprehensively, stop pollutant loss approach, thus improve field water fertilizer utilization ratio also can reduce chemical fertilizer and agricultural chemicals etc. absorption from source, alleviate the degree of non-point source pollution.Compared with engineering anti-pollution measure, drop into less, operation is simpler and easy, be more suitable for applying under the MODEL OVER COMPLEX TOPOGRAPHY of mountain area, compared with individual event chemical preservation technology, anti-fouling effect is better, and economic output is than higher.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is domatic widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area and controlling way schematic diagram.In figure, 1 is the water-loss reducer that is manured into soil, and 2 for applying plant transpiration resistant agent, and 3 is the texture modifier that is manured into soil, and 4 is rainfall, irrigation and fertilising, and 5 is plant leaf transpiration, and 6 is soil evaporation, and 7 is rainwash, and 8 is deep percolation.
Embodiment
Following examples for illustration of the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1:
Crop is Chinese chestnut, plants in hillside fields, Huairou, the suburb of Beijing, gradient 4.5-6 °, the concrete application process of the present embodiment controlling agent:
Applying of step 1, water-loss reducer of soil: choose polyacrylamide-crosslinked acrylic copolymer class water-loss reducer of soil that Shandong region Hua Ye new material Co., Ltd produces.Apply early stage at fruit tree bud, at the 1/3-2/3 place of every top fruit sprayer upright projection radius when applying, in the ranks dig pit in both sides (or digging circular groove around fruit tree), wide, long, dark 30cm × 45cm × (40-60) cm, first it is fully mixed soil (ratio is 1:60), layering loads in ditch, and upper strata surface dust covers, after reagent applies, carry out a sufficient irrigation, ensure that water-loss reducer of soil fully absorbs water.Be that 15-18kg/ mu is advisable for more than 7 years chestnut tree amounts of application, the present embodiment uses 16kg/ mu.Be that 12-15kg/ mu is advisable for less than 7 years chestnut trees, the present embodiment adopts 12kg/ mu.Can preserve moisture and fertility be played, reduce the object of liquid manure deep percolation, improve liquid manure utilization ratio, thus reduce the amount of application of chemical fertilizer.
Step 2, plant transpiration resistant agent apply: choose the plant transpiration resistant agent fulvic acid (FA) that Xinjiang Correspondent Handilong humic acid Co., Ltd produces, adopt artificial knapsack sprayer, spray employing 200 times of dilutions (mass ratio), spray first time at the flower of fruit tree in early stage, after this every spray in 30 days once, spray 4 times, sprays 2.5kg/ mu altogether altogether, if meet arid can add spray.Effectively fruit quality be can improve, and the amount of application of agricultural chemicals and the generation of damage by disease and insect reduced.
Step 3, soil structure conditioner apply: choose cationic-type polyacrylamide class (PAMC) soil structure conditioner that Shandong region Hua Ye new material Co., Ltd produces, the fruit tree bud phase after the tillage control measure such as to turn over and hoe up weeds spreads fertilizer over the fields at soil surface, when spreading fertilizer over the fields, PAMC and a certain amount of soil are carried out puddling and apply (ratio is PAMC: dry ground=1:90), amount of application is 0.8kg/ mu, waters and spill a small amount of water after applying; Water and soil loss can be reduced, thus decreasing pollution thing is with the loss of runoff.
In the present embodiment, by root region soil-crop as a whole, consume with comprehensive regulator control system liquid manure and then improve field water fertilizer utilization ratio for basic goal, use in conjunction three kinds of preparations can realize solid, comprehensively regulation and control soil and crop liquid manure situation, define a kind of based on the synergistic widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area integrated control technique of change controlling agent.As shown in Figure 1, the mode that wherein liquid manure enters farmland comprises its schematic diagram: fertilising, rainfall and irrigation 4; The consumption of liquid manure comprises: plant leaf transpiration 5, soil evaporation 6, rainwash 7 and deep percolation 8; Water-fertilizer conditioning comprises: the water-loss reducer 1 that is manured into soil, apply plant transpiration resistant agent 2 and the texture modifier 3 that is manured into soil.
Implementation result:
(1) upper soll layer constructional aspect improves, and domatic water and soil loss, fertilizer and agricultural chemicals run off and significantly reduce, and wherein runoff percent sand on average reduces 45.7%, and fertilizer Erosion on sloping field on average reduces 22.4%, agricultural chemicals Erosion on sloping field decreased average 19.2%;
(2) liquid manure enhancing root layer soil stores the ability of holding, decrease the deep percolation of liquid manure, improve root layer soil moisture and nutrient content, root layer soil quality moisture content balanced growth 16.2%, quick-acting state nitrogen content balanced growth 14.8%, reduces the applications of pesticide 22.1%;
(3) plant growth function strengthens, and achieve Chinese chestnut volume increase 12.4%, soluble sugar increases by 5.6%, and soluble starch increases by 10.6%, and protein content increases by 3.9%.
Embodiment 2:
Crop is apricot, plants in hillside fields, Huairou, the suburb of Beijing, gradient 6-8 °, changes the concrete application process of controlling agent:
Applying of step 1, water-loss reducer of soil: choose polyacrylamide-crosslinked acrylic copolymer class water-loss reducer of soil that Shandong region Hua Ye new material Co., Ltd produces.Apply early stage at fruit tree bud, at the 1/3-2/3 place of every top fruit sprayer upright projection radius when applying, in the ranks dig pit in both sides (or digging circular groove around fruit tree), wide, long, dark 30cm × 45cm × (40-60) cm, first it is fully mixed soil (ratio is 1:70), layering loads in ditch, and upper strata surface dust covers, after reagent applies, carry out a sufficient irrigation, ensure that water-loss reducer of soil fully absorbs water.Be that 14-16kg/ mu is advisable for more than 7 years apricot amounts of application, the present embodiment uses 15kg/ mu.Be that 10-14kg/ mu is advisable for less than 7 years apricots, the present embodiment adopts 10kg/ mu.Can preserve moisture and fertility be played, reduce the object of liquid manure deep percolation, improve liquid manure utilization ratio, thus reduce the amount of application of chemical fertilizer.
Step 2, plant transpiration resistant agent apply: choose the plant transpiration resistant agent fulvic acid (FA) that Xinjiang Correspondent Handilong humic acid Co., Ltd produces, adopt artificial knapsack sprayer, spray employing 300 times of dilutions (mass ratio), spray first time at the flower of fruit tree in early stage, after this every spray in 25 days once, spray 5 times, sprays 3.0kg/ mu altogether altogether, if meet arid can add spray.Effectively fruit quality be can improve, and the amount of application of agricultural chemicals and the generation of damage by disease and insect reduced.
Step 3, soil structure conditioner apply: choose cationic-type polyacrylamide class (PAMC) soil structure conditioner that Shandong region Hua Ye new material Co., Ltd produces, the fruit tree bud phase after the tillage control measure such as to turn over and hoe up weeds spreads fertilizer over the fields at soil surface, when spreading fertilizer over the fields, PAMC and a certain amount of soil are carried out puddling and apply (ratio is PAMC: dry ground=1:90), amount of application is 1.1kg/ mu, waters and spill a small amount of water after applying; Water and soil loss can be reduced, thus decreasing pollution thing is with the loss of runoff.
Implementation result:
(1) runoff percent sand on average reduces 52.1%, and fertilizer Erosion on sloping field on average reduces 23.8%, agricultural chemicals Erosion on sloping field decreased average 23.5%;
(2) decrease the deep percolation of liquid manure, improve root layer soil moisture and nutrient content, root layer soil quality moisture content balanced growth 21.4%, quick-acting state nitrogen content balanced growth 16.1%, reduce the applications of pesticide 25.6%;
(3) achieve apricot volume increase 11.8%, soluble sugar increases by 3.3%, and vitamin increases by 11.7%, and protein content increases by 4.3%.
Experimental result shows, be 25-35 unit/kg according to market price water-loss reducer of soil, fulvic acid is 20-30 unit/kg, and showing native modifying agent is 35-45 unit/kg.The economic and ecologic effets that anti-soil technology is worked in coordination with in slope garden control is respectively: water-loss reducer of soil consumption is 8-12kg, and fulvic acid consumption is 2-4kg, and showing native modifying agent is 0.5-1kg.The annual application cost in economic orchard is 300-500 unit/mu, and orchard volume increase is 10-15%, and soluble sugar increases 3.3-5.6%, vitamin increases by 11.7%, soluble starch increases 10.6-11.7%, and protein content increases 3.9-4.3%, and newly-increased economic benefit is 1200-2600 unit/mu.
Embodiment 3:
Crop is Miyun hillside fields, suburb of Beijing corn, gradient 5-10 °.Change controlling agent application process:
Applying of step 1, water-loss reducer of soil: choose the polyacrylic acid potassium salt water-loss reducer of soil that Beijing Han Limiao Technew SA produces, in the seedling stage of corn growth, ditch spread is adopted to carry out applying of water-loss reducer of soil, the degree of depth is 10cm, width is 5cm, amount of application is 3kg/ mu, applies after described water-loss reducer of soil fully being mixed soil (ratio 1:70), carries out after a sufficient irrigation at top layer earthing.
Step 2, plant transpiration resistant agent apply: choose the plant transpiration resistant agent fulvic acid (FA) that Xinjiang Correspondent Handilong humic acid Co., Ltd produces, 300 times of dilutions (mass ratio) should be adopted for spraying of corn, carry out first time in the shooting stage to spray, after this every spray in 30 days once, spray 3 times in breeding time, spray 1.5kg/ mu altogether, if meet arid spray can be added.
Step 3, soil structure conditioner apply: choose PAMA class (PAMA) soil structure conditioner that Beijing Han Limiao Technew SA produces, carry out applying operation in the seedling stage of corn growth, amount of application is 1.0kg/ mu, after PAMA and a certain amount of soil are puddled (ratio is PAMA: dry ground=1:80), evenly spread fertilizer over the fields on top layer, soil, after applying, do not carry out farming.
Implementation result:
(1) section runoff percent sand on average reduces 52.9%, and domatic fertilizer loss on average reduces 33.1%;
(2) improve root layer soil moisture and nutrient content, root layer soil quality moisture content balanced growth 15.8%, quick-acting state nitrogen content balanced growth 9.8%, reduce the applications of pesticide 15.2%;
(3) plant growth function strengthens, and achieves corn yield increasing 10.3%, and crude fat improves 22.3%, and crude protein improves 3.6%, and Crude starch content increases by 2.1%.
Embodiment 4:
Crop is Miyun hillside fields, suburb of Beijing soybean, gradient 5-10 °.Change controlling agent application process:
Applying of step 1, water-loss reducer of soil: choose the polyacrylic acid potassium salt water-loss reducer of soil that Beijing Han Limiao Technew SA produces, apply when soybean planting, adopting spreads manuer in holes carries out applying of water-loss reducer of soil, cave is 5cm deeply, amount of application is 2kg/ mu, described water-loss reducer of soil is fully mixed soil (ratio 1:50) together to apply with soya seeds afterwards, carry out after a sufficient irrigation at top layer earthing.
Step 2, plant transpiration resistant agent apply: choose the plant transpiration resistant agent fulvic acid (FA) that Xinjiang Correspondent Handilong humic acid Co., Ltd produces, 250 times of dilutions (mass ratio) should be adopted for spraying of corn, spray in soybean seedling first time, after this every spray in 30 days once, spray 4 times in breeding time, spray 2.0kg/ mu altogether, if meet arid spray can be added.
Step 3, soil structure conditioner apply: choose PAMA class (PAMA) soil structure conditioner that Beijing Han Limiao Technew SA produces, carry out applying operation in the seedling stage of soybeans they grow, amount of application is 0.8kg/ mu, after PAMA and a certain amount of soil are puddled (ratio is PAMA: dry ground=1:80), evenly spread fertilizer over the fields on top layer, soil, after applying, do not carry out farming.
Implementation result:
(1) section runoff percent sand on average reduces 37.3%, and domatic fertilizer loss on average reduces 26.6%;
(2) root layer soil quality moisture content balanced growth 16.2%, quick-acting state nitrogen content balanced growth 10.3%;
(3) achieve soybean yield-increasing 12.2%, crude fat improves 15.4%, and crude protein improves 5.8%, and Crude starch content increases by 4.2%.
Known by above-mentioned experiment, the economic and ecologic effets that anti-soil technology is worked in coordination with in field cropization control is respectively: water-loss reducer of soil consumption is 2-4kg, and fulvic acid consumption is 1-3kg, and soil structure conditioner is 0.5-1kg.Field crop application cost is 80-280 unit/mu, and crop yield is 10.3-12.2%, and crude fat improves 15.4-22.3%, and crude protein improves at 3.6-5.8%, and Crude starch content increases 2.1-4.2%, and economic benefit is 400-800 unit/mu.
The embodiment of the present invention by soil-crop as a whole, solid can be realized by use in conjunction water-loss reducer of soil, plant transpiration resistant agent and soil structure conditioner three kinds of preparations, store water holding fertilizer comprehensively, stop pollutant loss approach, thus improve field water fertilizer utilization ratio also can reduce chemical fertilizer and agricultural chemicals etc. absorption from source, alleviate the degree of non-point source pollution.
Above embodiment is only be described the preferred embodiment of the present invention; not scope of the present invention is limited; under not departing from the present invention and designing the prerequisite of spirit; the various modification that the common engineers and technicians in this area make technical scheme of the present invention and improvement, all should fall in protection domain that claims of the present invention determine.
Claims (5)
1. prevent and treat a method for Slopeland Agriculture pollution of area source, it is for Slopeland Agriculture crop applying controlling agent;
It is characterized in that, use soil structure conditioner 0.3-2.0kg/ mu; Use water-loss reducer of soil 3-18kg/ mu; Using plant transpiration resistant agent 1-3kg/ mu is total consumption in a Crop growing stage, sprays 3-5 time in the breeding time;
Wherein, when described hillside fields is 5-10 ° of landform, the amount of application of soil structure conditioner is 0.3-1kg/ mu; When described hillside fields is 10-15 ° of landform, the amount of application of soil structure conditioner is 0.6-1.5kg/ mu; When described hillside fields is more than 15 ° landform, the amount of application of soil structure conditioner is 1.0-2.0kg/ mu, and described soil structure conditioner is one or more in PAMA, PAMC, non-ionic polyacrylamide, amphion polyacrylamide; Use described soil structure conditioner to be after turning over or hoeing up weeds measure, to pour water and before rainy season set; When using, by soil structure conditioner and soil in mass ratio 1:80-100 use after mixing;
When described crop is fruit tree, being 15-18kg/ mu for more than 7 years fruit tree water-loss reducer of soil amounts of application, is 12-15kg/ mu for less than 7 years fruit tree amounts of application; When described crop is field crop, water-loss reducer of soil amount of application is 3-5kg/ mu;
When described crop is fruit tree, spray on plants antitranspirant 2-3kg/ mu altogether in the time of infertility, spray 3-5 time, sprayed once every 25-30 days, described plant transpiration resistant agent and water in mass ratio routine 1:200-400 are used after diluting; When described crop is field crop, altogether sprays 1-2kg/ mu, spray 3-5 time in the time of infertility, sprayed once every 25-30 days, described plant transpiration resistant agent and water in mass ratio routine 1:250-500 are used after diluting.
2. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, when described crop is fruit tree, applies described water-loss reducer of soil early stage at described crop germination.
3. the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that, described water-loss reducer of soil is one or more in starch graft polyacrylate, carboxymethyl cellulose product, polyacrylate, polyacrylamide, polyacrylamide-crosslinked acrylic copolymer, polyvinyl alcohol.
4. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, when using described water-loss reducer of soil, uses after being mixed by water-loss reducer of soil with soil according to mass ratio 1:50-70.
5. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, described plant transpiration resistant agent is the one in phenylmercuric acetate, abscisic acid, alachlor, Vapor Gard, fulvic acid.
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| CN103918373A (en) * | 2014-05-05 | 2014-07-16 | 西南大学 | Multi-intercepting and treating system for agricultural non-point source pollution in three gorges reservoir area small watershed |
| CN106068745B (en) * | 2016-06-22 | 2019-03-12 | 盐城工学院 | In conjunction with the bank protecting method and protective slope structure of pasture growing |
| CN115925124B (en) * | 2022-12-30 | 2023-06-06 | 玉溪师范学院 | Device and method for preventing and controlling agricultural non-point source pollution of hillside fields |
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| CN101263770A (en) * | 2008-04-29 | 2008-09-17 | 中国农业大学 | Overall water-saving regulating and controlling method for fruit tree and vegetable |
| CN102677626A (en) * | 2012-05-15 | 2012-09-19 | 临沂大学 | Method for constructing comprehensive control system for small-watershed surface source pollution |
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