CN103927017A - 多模触觉反馈系统 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种多模触觉反馈系统。一种触觉效果设备包括壳体和通过悬架耦联到壳体的触摸屏。致动器耦联到触摸屏。悬架被调整以当致动器以第一频率产生第一振动时,第一振动实质上与壳体隔离并被施加在触摸屏上以模拟机械按钮。进一步,当致动器以第二频率产生第二振动时,第二振动实质上被传递到壳体以产生振动警报。
Description
本申请是申请号为200780037012.X、申请日期为2007年9月28日、发明名称为“多模触觉反馈系统”的申请的分案申请。
技术领域
一种实施方式涉及触觉反馈系统。更具体地,一种实施方式涉及多模触觉反馈系统(multiple mode haptic feedback system)。
背景技术
电子设备制造商们努力为客户制造丰富的接口。传统的设备使用视觉和听觉提示为用户提供反馈。在一些接口设备(interface device)里,运动反馈(例如主动力和阻力反馈)和/或触觉反馈(例如振动、质地和热)也提供给用户,更一般地共同认知为“触觉反馈”。触觉反馈能提供提示以增强并简化用户接口。具体地,振动效果、或振动触觉的触觉效果在提供提示给电子设备的用户以警报用户特定事件的情况下是有用的,或提供真实的反馈以造成在模拟或虚拟环境里的更大的感官沉浸(sensory immersion)。
触觉反馈也被日益合并到便携式电子设备,例如移动电话、个人数字助理(PDA)、便携式游戏设备以及许多其它的便携式电子设备。例如一些便携式游戏应用能够以与配置为提供触觉反馈的大型游戏系统共同使用的控制设备(比如,操纵杆等)相似的方式振动。此外,例如移动电话和PDA的设备能够通过振动的方式给用户提供各种警报。例如,移动电话能通过振动来警报用户来电了。类似地,PDA能警报用户所计划的日历项目,或向用户提供对“要做(to do)”的列表项目或日历约会的提醒。
对于便携式设备,成本是重要的驱动因素。因此,为了产生触觉效果,通常使用单个低成本的致动器,例如偏心转动惯量(“ERM”)电机或电磁电机。典型地,标准便携式电子设备,例如PDA和移动电话输出的振动是施加到便携式设备的壳体的简单振动,如通常或开或关以发出警报的二元振动器(binary vibrator)那样运行。也就是说,这些设备的振动能力通常被限制为全动力振动(full power vibration)(“完全开启”状态)或休息状态(“完全关闭”)。因此,一般来说,这种设备所能提供的振动的量级的变化很小。
逐渐地,便携式设备正在放弃使用物理按钮而采用只有触摸屏的接口。这种转变允许增强灵活性、减少零件数量并减少对容易发生故障的机械按钮的依赖,以及符合产品设计中出现的趋势。当使用触摸屏输入设备时,可用触觉来模拟有关按钮压下或其它用户接口动作的机械确认(mechanical confirmation)。为了有效并使用户高兴,用来模拟按钮的触觉应典型地主要被应用于触摸屏而不是壳体。然而,与便携式设备典型地一同提供的单个致动器通常不能产生触觉效果来产生壳体上的警报,并还产生其它触觉效果,以比如在触摸屏上模拟触摸屏按钮。因此需要一个或更多个附加致动器来产生所需要的多个触觉效果。不幸地是,这样增加了便携式设备的成本。
基于前述的,需要一种使用单个致动器来产生多个触觉效果的系统和方法。
发明内容
一种实施方式是触觉效果设备,其包括壳体和通过悬架(suspension)耦联到壳体的触摸屏。致动器耦联到触摸屏。悬架被调整(tune)为以便当致动器以第一频率产生第一振动时,第一振动实质上与壳体隔离并被应用在触摸屏上以模拟机械按钮。进一步,当致动器以第二频率产生第二振动时,第二振动实质上被传递到壳体以产生振动警报。
附图说明
图1是依照一种实施方式的移动电话的剖视图。
图2是加速度量值与驱动信号频率的曲线图,示出在依照一种实施方式调整悬架后电话的频率响应。
图3是一种实施方式的对于点击振动频率的加速度量值与时间的曲线图。
图4是与图3相同的实施方式的对于警报振动频率的加速度量值与时间的曲线图。
具体实施方式
一种实施方式是包括用悬架耦联到设备壳体的触摸屏的设备。单个致动器产生触觉效果振动,该触觉效果振动实质上在一种模式中只被施加到触摸屏,而在另一种模式中被施加到壳体。
在手持便携式触摸屏设备上典型地提供的一种类型的触觉效果是被施加到设备壳体的“警报”振动。警报振动当在100Hz-200Hz频率范围振动时是有效的。警报是一种振动的方法,用来通知用户现在、将来或过去的事件。这样的警报可以是发信号以告知来电的铃声,这里铃声已经被变换到相当于工作在手持设备上的振动。警报可以用来通知用户因为振铃(ringing)、忙和呼叫等待而未接的电话。警报的其它例子包括操作提示,来指导用户通过一个操作,例如对于每个菜单有不同感觉的发送(Send)/好(OK)和用于向下滚动屏幕的信息导航,并感觉已读信息和未读信息之间的不同。进一步,对于有GPS跟踪的移动电话,确定相距指定地理位置的距离的接近感测应用(proximity sensing application)能产生警报。
在手持便携式触摸屏设备上典型地提供的另一类型的触觉效果是被施加到触摸屏上以模拟按钮的压下的“点击”振动效果。传统的机械按钮的度量显示:令人高兴和满意的按钮感觉是以大约>200Hz范围的短而干脆的振动为特征的。为了最有效,触觉振动效果应主要被应用于触摸屏而不是壳体上。
图1是依照一种实施方式的移动电话10的剖视图。电话10包括触摸屏14,触摸屏14显示能被用户通过触摸或对触摸屏14的其它接触来选择的电话键和其他功能键。电话10进一步包括包围电话10的内部部件并支撑触摸屏14的壳体或主体12。当用户使用电话10时,用户典型地通过壳体12来在一只手里拿着电话10,而用另一只手接触触摸屏14。其它实施方式不是移动电话且没有触摸屏,而是有其它类型的输入接口的触觉设备。除了触摸屏的其它输入接口可能是迷你操纵杆、滚轮、方向键、键盘、触摸敏感的表面等。与移动电话一样,对于这些设备,期望有连接到输入接口的点击感觉和在整个设备上产生的警报振动。
触摸屏14被围绕触摸屏14的悬架18柔性地悬挂/漂浮或安装到壳体12。在一种实施方式中,悬架18由例如的泡沫材料制成的粘弹框密封垫(viscoelastic bezel seal gasket)构成。在其它实施方式中,任何其它类型的材料能被用于悬架18,只要它能按如下所公开的方式进行“调整”。
线性谐振致动器(“LRA”)或其它类型的致动器16(比如,形状记忆合金、电活化聚合物、压电的等)被刚性地耦联到触摸屏14。LRA包括附接到弹簧的磁性质量块(magnetic mass)。磁性质量块由电线圈供能并抵着弹簧在与触摸屏14垂直的方向上被前后驱动以产生振动。在一种实施方式中,致动器16具有大约150Hz-190Hz的谐振频率。谐振频率是加速度响应在其峰值时的频率范围。为了产生信号和动力给致动器16以造成期望的触觉效果,控制器/处理器、存储器设备和其它必要的部件(未显示)被耦联到致动器16。致动器16能以通过改变到致动器16的驱动信号的频率、振幅和定时的已知方式产生不同的触觉效果。振动可与触摸屏14垂直或在另外的方向(比如,在平面内)。在一种实施方式中,沿着屏幕表面的振动(X或Y振动)是有利的,因为它们产生等效的触觉信息,并由于屏幕在这些方向的固有硬度而也在整个触摸屏上更加均匀地分布。
在一种实施方式中,悬架18被调整为使设备10的壳体12与被施加到触摸屏14上的以点击频率(>200Hz)的振动隔离以模拟按钮压下,但是在约等于致动器16的谐振频率的警报频率(~150Hz)下把振动有效地传递到壳体12,以产生警报触觉效果。调整悬架18能通过例如,改变对材料的选择以得到期望的属性、改变总的截面面积、改变厚度等来实现。
图2是加速度量值与驱动信号频率的曲线图,示出在依照一种实施方式调整悬架18后电话10的频率响应。曲线20是在壳体12上测量的频率响应,并指示在警报频率(~150Hz)的谐振频率(f1)。曲线30是在触摸屏14上测量的频率响应,并指示在点击频率(>200Hz或~500Hz)的谐振频率(f2)。
在操作中,在按键压下确认(key-press confirmation)的情形下,触觉效果振动能可选地被产生为只传递到触摸屏14的点击振动,同时实质上通过悬架18而与壳体12隔离,这可通过在点击频率来产生该效果。类似地,触觉效果振动能可选地被产生为警报振动,振动传递到壳体12而实质上没有衰减,这可通过在警报频率来产生该效果。
图3是一种实施方式的对于点击频率(>200Hz)的加速度量值与时间的曲线图。在图3的实施方式中,使用每边一条的两条悬挂触摸屏14,而LRA带有~155Hz的谐振频率。迹线32使用曲线图左侧上的刻度指示触摸屏14上的加速度计读数。迹线34使用曲线图右侧上的刻度指示电话10的背面的壳体12上的加速度计读数。
如显示的,与被支撑手(supporting hand)通过壳体的感受相比,振动主要被按压手指通过触摸屏感受(5:1的加速度比(accelerationratio))。此外,点击振动在驱动信号启动后~3ms迅速达到峰值,并在减速开始后~5ms衰退。这对于产生干脆的机械按钮感觉是理想的。
图4是图3的相同实施方式的对于警报振动频率(~150Hz)的加速度量值与时间的曲线图。迹线42使用曲线图左侧上的刻度指示触摸屏14上的加速度计读数。迹线44使用曲线图右侧上的刻度指示电话10的背面的壳体12上的加速度计读数。虽然触摸屏通过悬架18隔离,警报振动传递到壳体12并被支撑手感受而几乎没有衰减。这对于产生有效警报是理想的。
在这里具体示出和/或描述了几种实施方式。然而,将理解,本发明的更改和变化被以上教授的内容所覆盖,并在随附的权利要求的范围内,而不背离本发明的精神和意旨的范围。
例如,以上公开的一些实施方式实现为带有触摸屏的移动电话,其是能被用户抓住、夹住或以其它方式物理接触以及操作的物体。同样地,能在类似地由用户操作并需要两种触觉效果的模式的其它触觉启用的输入(haptics enabled input)和/或输出设备上使用本发明。这样的其它设备能包括其它触摸屏设备(比如,车辆上的全球定位系统(“GPS”)导航屏、自动柜员机(“ATM”)显示屏)、控制电子仪器的远程(比如,音频/视频、车库门、家庭安全等)和游戏控制器(比如,操纵杆、鼠标、游戏键盘专用控制器(gamepad specializedcontroller)等)。这种输入和/或输出设备的操作对于本领域技术人员是众所周知的。
Claims (18)
1.一种触觉设备,包括:
壳体;
通过悬架耦联到所述壳体的输入接口;以及
直接耦联到所述输入接口的单个致动器,其中所述单个致动器具有一谐振频率;
其中悬架被调整为使得当单个致动器以第一频率产生第一振动时,第一振动与壳体隔离,使得第一类型的触觉效果振动通过与输入接口的接触而被感知,而当单个致动器以第二频率产生第二振动时,第二振动被传递到壳体,使得第二类型的触觉效果振动通过与壳体的接触而被感知;
其中第二频率大致等于谐振频率,并且第一频率大于谐振频率;
其中通过以下至少之一来调整悬架:改变对悬架材料的选择、改变悬架总的截面面积或者改变悬架的厚度。
2.如权利要求1的设备,其中第一频率>200Hz。
3.如权利要求1的设备,其中第二频率是100Hz-200Hz。
4.如权利要求1的设备,其中单个致动器是单个线性谐振致动器。
5.如权利要求1的设备,其中悬架包括泡沫材料。
6.如权利要求1的设备,其中第一振动响应于在输入接口上的接触而被施加在输入接口上。
7.如权利要求6的设备,其中第一振动模拟机械按钮。
8.如权利要求1的设备,其中第二振动提供警报。
9.如权利要求1的设备,其中输入接口是触摸屏。
10.一种操作包括壳体和输入接口的设备的方法,所述方法包括:
由单个致动器以第一频率产生第一振动,其中第一振动通过耦联到输入接口的调整的悬架而与壳体隔离,并且使得第一类型的触觉效果振动通过与输入接口的接触而被感知;
由单个致动器以第二频率产生第二振动,其中第二振动被传递到壳体,并且使得第二类型的触觉效果振动通过与壳体的接触而被感知;
通过以下至少之一来调整悬架:改变对悬架材料的选择、改变悬架总的截面面积或者改变悬架的厚度;其中单个致动器直接耦联到输入接口,并且单个致动器具有一谐振频率;
其中第二频率大致等于谐振频率,并且第一频率大于谐振频率。
11.如权利要求10的方法,其中第一频率>200Hz。
12.如权利要求10的方法,其中第二频率是100Hz-200Hz。
13.如权利要求10的方法,其中产生第一振动是响应于检测到输入接口上的接触而进行的。
14.如权利要求13的方法,其中第一振动模拟机械按钮。
15.如权利要求10的方法,其中产生第二振动是响应于需要提供警报而进行的。
16.如权利要求10的方法,其中输入接口是触摸屏。
17.如权利要求10的方法,其中第一振动大于第二振动。
18.一种手持设备,包括:
壳体;
耦联到壳体的输入接口;
耦联到壳体的悬架;
耦联到输入接口的单个致动器,其中单个致动器包括一谐振频率;以及
用于通过单个致动器以第一频率产生第一振动的装置,其中第一振动与壳体隔离;和
用于通过单个致动器以第二频率产生第二振动的装置,其中,第二振动被传递到壳体;以及
用于通过以下至少之一来调整悬架的装置:改变对悬架材料的选择、改变悬架总的截面面积或者改变悬架厚度;其中第一振动使得第一类型的触觉效果振动通过与输入接口的接触而被感知,并且第二振动使得第二类型的触觉效果振动通过与壳体的接触而被感知;
其中第二频率大致等于谐振频率,并且第一频率大于谐振频率。
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Also Published As
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KR20090078342A (ko) | 2009-07-17 |
CN103927017B (zh) | 2018-09-11 |
US20080084384A1 (en) | 2008-04-10 |
US20170108931A1 (en) | 2017-04-20 |
JP5596348B2 (ja) | 2014-09-24 |
JP2010506499A (ja) | 2010-02-25 |
EP2069888A1 (en) | 2009-06-17 |
KR20140079863A (ko) | 2014-06-27 |
KR101436656B1 (ko) | 2014-09-02 |
WO2008045694A1 (en) | 2008-04-17 |
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