CN103910741B - 双苄基异喹啉甜菜碱及其制备方法和在抗肿瘤药物制备中的应用 - Google Patents
双苄基异喹啉甜菜碱及其制备方法和在抗肿瘤药物制备中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103910741B CN103910741B CN201410117086.6A CN201410117086A CN103910741B CN 103910741 B CN103910741 B CN 103910741B CN 201410117086 A CN201410117086 A CN 201410117086A CN 103910741 B CN103910741 B CN 103910741B
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- Prior art keywords
- acid
- methyl
- iodine
- coo
- bromine
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycine betaine Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CC([O-])=O KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000002246 antineoplastic agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 5
- 229940041181 antineoplastic drug Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 208000032839 leukemia Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 15
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 15
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen bromide Chemical compound Br CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000004494 ethyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- -1 bromine ethyl propionate propionic acid ethyl ester Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 9
- OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 2-ethylhexanoate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- QYDYPVFESGNLHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N elaidic acid methyl ester Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC QYDYPVFESGNLHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 6
- GZUXJHMPEANEGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl bromide Substances BrC GZUXJHMPEANEGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940073769 methyl oleate Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylamine Chemical compound CN(C)C GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical class CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960001701 chloroform Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000042 hydrogen bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- QYDYPVFESGNLHU-KHPPLWFESA-N methyl oleate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OC QYDYPVFESGNLHU-KHPPLWFESA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2,4-di(pentan-2-yl)phenoxy]acetyl chloride Chemical compound CCCC(C)C1=CC=C(OCC(Cl)=O)C(C(C)CCC)=C1 NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylamine Chemical compound CNC ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- LVGKNOAMLMIIKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Elaidinsaeure-aethylester Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC LVGKNOAMLMIIKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylamine Chemical compound NC BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium methoxide Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940072049 amyl acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- PGMYKACGEOXYJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous amyl acetate Natural products CCCCCOC(C)=O PGMYKACGEOXYJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940093471 ethyl oleate Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- JMMWKPVZQRWMSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopropyl acetate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(C)=O JMMWKPVZQRWMSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940102396 methyl bromide Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N octanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(O)=O WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- MMKRHZKQPFCLLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecanoic acid ethyl ester Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC MMKRHZKQPFCLLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pentanol Chemical compound CCCCCO AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylamine Chemical compound CCNCC HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000088 plastic resin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ODZPKZBBUMBTMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium amide Chemical compound [NH2-].[Na+] ODZPKZBBUMBTMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- QDRKDTQENPPHOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium ethoxide Chemical compound [Na+].CC[O-] QDRKDTQENPPHOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical compound ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HNAGHMKIPMKKBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzylpyrrolidine-3-carboxamide Chemical compound C1C(C(=O)N)CCN1CC1=CC=CC=C1 HNAGHMKIPMKKBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UHOPWFKONJYLCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-sulfanylethyl)isoindole-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)N(CCS)C(=O)C2=C1 UHOPWFKONJYLCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DBMYXGKIBUTCFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C)(=O)OCC.[Br].ClCC(=O)OCC Chemical compound C(C)(=O)OCC.[Br].ClCC(=O)OCC DBMYXGKIBUTCFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VMKCNEOZTRKVAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C)OC(CCCCCCCCC)=O.[Cl] Chemical compound C(C)OC(CCCCCCCCC)=O.[Cl] VMKCNEOZTRKVAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KRXIBWMNLFOVCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C)OC(CCCCCCCCCCCCC)=O.[Cl] Chemical compound C(C)OC(CCCCCCCCCCCCC)=O.[Cl] KRXIBWMNLFOVCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HKYQNLNMOVBCHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C)OC(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)=O.[Cl] Chemical compound C(C)OC(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)=O.[Cl] HKYQNLNMOVBCHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OYUDXSFONFROPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C)OC(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)=O.[Cl] Chemical compound C(C)OC(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)=O.[Cl] OYUDXSFONFROPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SFDPUQLGPAEOSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(CC)(=O)OCCCC.[I].C(CC)(=O)OC(C)CC Chemical compound C(CC)(=O)OCCCC.[I].C(CC)(=O)OC(C)CC SFDPUQLGPAEOSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RIBJADMCKLAION-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C(=O)O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCC.[Cl] Chemical compound CC(C(=O)O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCC.[Cl] RIBJADMCKLAION-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LEQWERAIJJRRGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCCCOC(C)=O.CCC(C)OC(CCl)=O.Br Chemical compound CCCCOC(C)=O.CCC(C)OC(CCl)=O.Br LEQWERAIJJRRGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FKUPLGRESZSRLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCl.C(CCCCCC)(=O)O Chemical compound CCl.C(CCCCCC)(=O)O FKUPLGRESZSRLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GUKTZKSPYYXBIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ClC(C(=O)O)(CCCCCCCCCCCC)C.[I] Chemical compound ClC(C(=O)O)(CCCCCCCCCCCC)C.[I] GUKTZKSPYYXBIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylamine Chemical compound CCN QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- IJMWOMHMDSDKGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropyl propionate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC(C)C IJMWOMHMDSDKGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CODNYICXDISAEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine monochloride Chemical compound BrCl CODNYICXDISAEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OBNCKNCVKJNDBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N butanoic acid ethyl ester Natural products CCCC(=O)OCC OBNCKNCVKJNDBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940089960 chloroacetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- FOCAUTSVDIKZOP-UHFFFAOYSA-M chloroacetate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCl FOCAUTSVDIKZOP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000015165 citric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- LVGKNOAMLMIIKO-QXMHVHEDSA-N ethyl oleate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC LVGKNOAMLMIIKO-QXMHVHEDSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- MNWFXJYAOYHMED-UHFFFAOYSA-M heptanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCC([O-])=O MNWFXJYAOYHMED-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- JLEJCNOTNLZCHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-chloropropanoate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)Cl JLEJCNOTNLZCHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004702 methyl esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- NUKZAGXMHTUAFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl hexanoate Chemical compound CCCCCC(=O)OC NUKZAGXMHTUAFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Propyl acetate Natural products CCCOC(C)=O YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003053 piperidines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[K+].[K+] CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001950 potassium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940090181 propyl acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001948 sodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- SYXYWTXQFUUWLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;butan-1-olate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCC[O-] SYXYWTXQFUUWLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RZUUVBKVYCBVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(CCCC)(=O)O.[I] Chemical compound C(CCCC)(=O)O.[I] RZUUVBKVYCBVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000010358 mechanical oscillation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000004663 cell proliferation Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000000259 anti-tumor effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000452 restraining effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 74
- INYYVPJSBIVGPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 14-episinomenine Natural products C1CN(C)C2CC3=CC=C(OC)C(O)=C3C31C2C=C(OC)C(=O)C3 INYYVPJSBIVGPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- RARWEROUOQPTCJ-RBUKOAKNSA-N cepharamine Natural products C1CC2=CC=C(OC)C(O)=C2[C@@]2(CCN3C)[C@]13C=C(OC)C(=O)C2 RARWEROUOQPTCJ-RBUKOAKNSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 238000002330 electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 21
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 21
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- INYYVPJSBIVGPH-QHRIQVFBSA-N Sinomenine Chemical compound C([C@@H]1N(CC2)C)C3=CC=C(OC)C(O)=C3[C@@]32[C@@H]1C=C(OC)C(=O)C3 INYYVPJSBIVGPH-QHRIQVFBSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 17
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 16
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 15
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- 208000014018 liver neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 8
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- 201000007270 liver cancer Diseases 0.000 description 7
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D491/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00
- C07D491/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains three hetero rings
- C07D491/18—Bridged systems
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种具有抗肿瘤活性的双苄基异喹啉甜菜碱及其制备方法,该化合物具有如下结构通式:
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种新型双苄基异喹啉甜菜碱及其制备方法和在抗肿瘤药物制备中的应用。
背景技术
双苄基异喹啉化合物(bisBenzylisoquinolinecompounds)具有抗癌、抗菌、抗炎、降压、调节肌肉松弛、调节免疫功能等多方面的作用,其中比较重要的天然双苄基异喹啉化合物包括粉防己碱、防己诺林碱、小檗胺、千金藤素、轮环藤宁、箭毒碱等,如粉防己碱又称汉防己碱或汉防己甲素,临床上主要用于风湿痛、关节痛、神经痛,亦用于矽肺病。汉肌松(碘化二甲基粉防己碱,是汉防己碱的季铵盐)是一种横纹肌松弛药,临床上可用于外科手术中使横纹肌松弛。实验研究证明,汉防己碱在抗肺癌、慢性粒细胞白血病、肝癌、神经母细胞瘤、乳腺癌等方面都有一定作用,其机制与逆转多药耐药、诱导细胞凋亡、放疗增敏、抑制肿瘤血管形成有关。通过体外实验证明(徐萌,等.汉防己甲素逆转肺癌化疗耐药和凋亡抗性的实验研究[J].新中医,2006,38(6):90),汉防己碱作用于耐药肺癌细胞后,耐药指数(RF)由用阿霉素时的5.43降至1.89,说明汉防己碱可以逆转GLC-82/ADR耐药肺癌细胞对阿霉素的耐药。汉防己碱可以诱导细胞凋亡(①荆绪斌,等.汉防己甲素诱导肝癌细胞氧化损伤的实验研究[J].临床肝胆病杂志,2002,8(6):366;②QuanriJin,etal.etrandrinecytotoxicityanditsdualeffectonoxidativestress-inducedapoptosisthroughmodulatingcellularredoxstatesinNeuro-2amouseneuroblastomacells[J].LifeSciences,2002,71(17):2053;③李巍松,等.汉防己甲素诱导神经母细胞瘤株TGW凋亡作用的实验研究[J].临床儿科杂志,2006,24(6):512)。已申请专利的双苄基异喹啉化合物主要有如下几种,汉防己碱在制备防治肝脏损伤的药物中的用途(CN101199529),汉防己碱和汉防己碱化合物合成和应用(CN1720232),含有粉防己碱的眼用制剂及其在制备治疗眼科疾病的含有粉防己碱的眼用制剂中的应用(CN1785192),粉防己碱在制备预防和/或治疗抑郁症药物中的应用(CN102274227A),粉防己碱在制备抑制肝星状细胞迁移的药物中的应用(201110274644.6),汉防己碱和汉防己碱化合物合成和应用(CN1328280C),粉防己碱有机酸盐及制备方法和应用(CN1504469),含有粉防己碱及粉防己碱类衍生物和组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂的药物组合物及其应用(200910129319.3),5-取代粉防己碱类化合物及其在制备抗癌药增敏剂中的用途(CN102875560A),一种汉防己甲素的没食子酸盐、其药物组合物、其制备方法及其用途(CN102898433A),双苄基异喹啉类生物碱及其制备方法和药物组合物(CN1293196),双苄基异喹啉-(7-0-11')-单醚键生物碱衍生物及类似物在治疗纤维化有关疾病中的用途(03136949.9),双苄基异喹啉化合物及制备方法和应用(200810061688.9),双苄基异喹啉类生物碱的新用途(200810223901.1),双苄基异喹啉衍生物及其制备和用途(200910272626.7),双苄基异喹啉衍生物及其制备和用途(201010542104.7),双苄基异喹啉类化合物或其在药学上可接受的盐在制备改善睡眠的药品或保健品中的应用(201110066105.3),通式Ⅰ所述的双苄基异喹啉生物碱衍生物或类似物的新用途(201210061676.2)。双苄基异喹啉类化合物或其在药学上可接受的盐治疗和改善抑郁症状的新用途(CN103356620A),张灿等人发现双苄基异喹啉季铵类化合物有肌肉松弛活性(中国药科大学学报,2001,32(6):403~407)。在这些文献报道中虽然有相关抗肝癌活性,但其有效剂量通常在8ug/mL以上,对正常细胞的毒性较大。
白血病是造血组织的恶性疾病,又称“血癌”。其特点是骨髓及其他造血组织中有大量白血病细胞无限制地增生,并进入外周血液,而正常血细胞的制造被明显抑制,该病居年轻人恶性疾病中的首位,是我国最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,发病率在各种肿瘤中占第六位。文献(何琪杨,粉防己碱逆转人早幼粒白血病HL60耐药细胞对三尖杉酯碱的耐药性,北京师范大学学报(自然科学版),1996年6月;蒋心惠,汉防己碱对白血病K562细胞生长的促进耐药作用,第三军医大学学报,2012年9月;狄凯军,粉防己碱诱导人红白血病细胞凋亡的研究,解剖学报,2002年10月)显示防己碱对白血病有一定的活性,但粉防己碱的有效剂量较大,一般需要在8ug/mL以上的剂量才有效,在这样的剂量下对正常细胞的毒性较大,还未见在临床上应用,因此,研究开发疗效更好的治疗白血病的药物是非常有必要的。
肝癌是我国常见恶性肿瘤之一,成年人发病率高,发现时多为晚期,病死率高,俗称“癌中之王”。我国大陆每年约11万人死于肝癌,占全世界肝癌死亡人数的45%。目前我国肝癌的治疗有很大进,使肝癌由过去的“不治之症”转变为“部分可治”,5年生存率也由2.6%提高到20.6%。目前主要的治疗方法为(1)外科手术治疗,(2)化疗或和放射治疗,(3)肝移植等。其中,分子药物靶向治疗是利用肿瘤细胞与正常细胞之间分子细胞生物学上的差异,采用封闭受体、抑制血管生成、阻断信号传导通路等方法作用于肿瘤细胞特定的靶点,特异性地抑制肿瘤细胞的生长,促使肿瘤细胞凋亡。药物进入体内后,会特异地选择致癌位点,使肿瘤细胞特异性死亡,而不波及其周围的正常组织细胞。这类药物有索拉非尼(sorafenib,商品名:nexavar,多吉美),PI-88(澳大利亚Progen公司开发,通过半合成得到的高度硫酸化的甘露五糖磷酸,属于硫酸肝素类似物),酪丝亮肽(tyroserleutide,深圳市康哲药业有限公司从猪脾脏水解液中分离纯化得到的活性超短肽,其化学结构为L-酪氨酰-L-丝氨酰-L-亮氨酸,已全人工合成,其纯度在98%以上)等。尽管如此,目前我国临床上应用于肝癌治疗的药物大多数疗效都难尽人意,因此,研究开发新疗效更好的抗肝肿瘤药物是非常有必要的。
发明内容
针对上述现有技术的不足,本发明的目的是提供一种新型的双苄基异喹啉甜菜碱及其制备方法。
本发明的进一步目的是提供所述双苄基异喹啉甜菜碱在制备抗肿瘤药物制剂中的应用。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种双苄基异喹啉甜菜碱,具有结构通式(Ⅰ)或结构通式(Ⅱ)的化合物,其中,结构通式(Ⅰ)为:
式中:
X为-OH,-OCH3或-OCOCH3;
R1、R2独立的选自-H,-CH2COO-,-CH(CH3)COO-,-CH(C2H5)COO-,-CH(C3H7)COO-,-CH(C4H9)COO-,-CH(C6H13)COO-,-CH(C8H17)COO-,-CH(C10H21)COO-,-CH(C12H25)COO-,-CH(C14H29)COO-,-CH(C16H33)COO-或-CH(C16H31)COO-;其中R1、R2不同时为-H;
Z为卤素,优选为Cl、Br、I。
结构通式(Ⅱ)为:
式中:
X为-OH,-OCH3或-OCOCH3;
R1、R2同时选自-CH2COO-,-CH(CH3)COO-,-CH(C2H5)COO-,-CH(C3H7)COO-,-CH(C4H9)COO-,-CH(C6H13)COO-,-CH(C8H17)COO-,-CH(C10H21)COO-,-CH(C12H25)COO-,-CH(C14H29)COO-,-CH(C16H33)COO-或-CH(C16H31)COO-;
所述双苄基异喹啉甜菜碱的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将结构通式(Ⅲ)的化合物溶于溶剂中,加入反应物Y和催化剂,搅拌或振荡混合或超声波振荡混合,在-20℃~300℃温度条件下,反应0.1h~72h;再经过水解,中和反应;
(2)将反应后的溶液再经过分离纯化制得目的产物;
其中,结构通式(Ⅲ)的化合物为从植物防己科汉防己(StephaniatetrandraS.Moore)、毛茛科狭序唐松草(Thalictrumatriplex)、小檗科狭叶十大功劳(Mahoniafortunei)、防己科毛叶轮环藤(Cycleabarbata)中经提取、分离制得或者分离提取后的化合物乙酰化制得。提取、分离为现有技术,即中药采用乙酸乙酯等有机溶剂,加热回流提取,然后采用层析分离或根据生物碱溶解度的差异进行分离制得,参见资料《生物碱类天然药物的提取及生产工艺》(科学出版社:2009年10月第1版),乙酰化方法也为现有技术,醋酐直接与含酚羟基的生物碱原料进行乙酰化制得。结构通式(Ⅲ)为:
式中:X为:-OH,-OCH3或-OCOCH3;
步骤(1)中,每摩尔结构通式(Ⅲ)的化合物溶于1~50L溶剂,反应物料的摩尔配比为,结构通式(Ⅲ)的化合物:反应物Y:催化剂=(1):(0.5~10.0):(0.1~100);
其中,溶剂为水或甲醇或乙醇或丙醇或丁醇或戊醇或二氯甲烷或三氯甲烷或四氯化碳或苯或甲苯或二甲苯或1,4-二氧六环或1,2-二氯乙烷或四氢呋喃或N,N-二甲基甲酰胺或二甲基亚砜;
催化剂为γ-Al2O3-Na碱或γ-Al2O3-K碱或γ-Al2O3-NaOH-Na碱或γ-Al2O3-NaOH-K碱或γ-Al2O3-KOH-Na碱或γ-Al2O3-KOH-K碱或甲醇钠或乙醇钠或丙醇钠或丁醇钠或氨基钠或金属钠或氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾或氢氧化钙或氧化钠或氧化钾或氧化钙或碳酸钾或碳酸钠或氨水或乙胺或二乙胺或三乙胺或甲胺或二甲胺或三甲胺或吡啶或哌啶;
反应物Y为2-氯乙酸甲酯或2-溴乙酸甲酯或2-碘乙酸甲酯或2-氯乙酸乙酯或2-溴乙酸乙酯或2-碘乙酸乙酯或2-氯乙酸丙酯或2-溴乙酸丙酯或2-碘乙酸丙酯或2-氯乙酸丁酯或2-溴乙酸丁酯或2-碘乙酸丁酯或2-氯乙酸戊酯或2-溴乙酸戊酯或2-碘乙酸戊酯或2-氯乙酸己酯或2-溴乙酸己酯或2-碘乙酸己酯或2-氯丙酸甲酯或2-溴丙酸甲酯或2-碘丙酸甲酯或2-氯丙酸乙酯或2-溴丙酸乙酯或2-碘丙酸乙酯或2-氯丙酸丙酯或2-溴丙酸丙酯或2-碘丙酸丙酯或2-氯丙酸丁酯或2-溴丙酸丁酯或2-碘丙酸丁酯或2-氯丁酸甲酯或2-溴丁酸甲酯或2-碘丁酸甲酯或2-氯丁酸乙酯或2-溴丁酸乙酯或2-碘丁酸乙酯或2-氯戊酸甲酯或2-溴戊酸甲酯或2-碘戊酸甲酯或2-氯戊酸乙酯或2-溴戊酸乙酯或2-碘戊酸乙酯或2-氯己酸甲酯或2-溴己酸甲酯或2-碘己酸甲酯或2-氯己酸乙酯或2-溴己酸乙酯或2-碘己酸乙酯或2-氯庚酸甲酯或2-溴庚酸甲酯或2-碘庚酸甲酯或2-氯庚酸乙酯或2-溴庚酸乙酯或2-碘庚酸乙酯或2-氯辛酸甲酯或2-溴辛酸甲酯或2-碘辛酸甲酯或2-氯辛酸乙酯或2-溴辛酸乙酯或2-碘辛酸乙酯或2-氯癸酸甲酯或2-溴癸酸甲酯或2-碘癸酸甲酯或2-氯癸酸乙酯或2-溴癸酸乙酯或2-碘癸酸乙酯或2-氯十二酸甲酯或2-溴十二酸甲酯或2-碘十二酸甲酯或2-氯十二酸乙酯或2-十二酸乙酯或2-碘十二酸乙酯或2-氯十四酸甲酯或2-溴十四酸甲酯或2-碘十四酸甲酯或2-氯十四酸乙酯或2-十四酸乙酯或2-碘十四酸乙酯或2-氯十六酸甲酯或2-溴十六酸甲酯或2-碘十六酸甲酯或2-氯十六酸乙酯或2-十六酸乙酯或2-碘十六酸乙酯或2-氯十八酸甲酯或2-溴十八酸甲酯或2-碘十八酸甲酯或2-氯十八酸乙酯或2-溴十八酸乙酯或2-碘十八酸乙酯或2-氯油酸甲酯或2-溴油酸甲酯或2-碘油酸甲酯或2-氯油酸乙酯或2-溴油酸乙酯或2-碘油酸乙酯。
步骤(1)中,中和反应所用的酸是硫酸或氢溴酸或盐酸或硝酸或磷酸或碳酸或草酸或柠檬酸或甲酸或苯甲酸或乙酸或丙酸;
步骤(2)中,所用分离与纯化是过滤或树脂处理或水洗或蒸馏或萃取或活性炭处理或分子筛处理或层析。
本发明制备的产品具有新颖的化学结构,即双苄基异喹啉具有甜菜碱结构,该结构的双苄基异喹啉甜菜碱在偏酸性溶剂、中性溶剂和极性较大的溶剂中具有更大的溶解度。
本发明的制备方法简单,产品纯度高,可以直接用作原料药。
本发明制备得到的双苄基异喹啉甜菜碱,对白血病K562细胞增殖具有抑制作用,且在低剂量下(50ng/mL)显示出较强的活性,活性是汉防己碱的100倍以上。
本发明制备得到的双苄基异喹啉甜菜碱,对人肝癌细胞株HepG2的增殖具有抑制作用,由于该衍生物包含甜菜碱结构,提高了与受体的结合力,有效剂量约为文献报道的汉防己碱衍生物的1/10,减轻了对正常细胞的毒性。
具体实施方式
结合实施例对本发明作进一步的说明,应该说明的是,下述说明仅是为了解释本发明,并不对其内容进行限定。
实施例1
称取7-羟基双苄基异喹啉(通式Ⅲ中,X=OH)6.10g、2-氯乙酸甲酯3mL和碳酸钾1.50g溶于200mL乙醇中,加入500mL三口烧瓶中,加热搅拌至沸,并保温搅拌反应24h,减压蒸出乙醇,降温至室温,加水50mL,60℃下搅拌4h,10%盐酸中和至中性,用氯仿萃取3次(50mL×3),TLC追踪反应与产物的分离纯化过程,萃取液用无水Na2SO4干燥8h,回收氯仿,固体物在60℃下干燥4h,即得淡黄色粉末状的产物5.87g,收率为83.34%,纯度97.23%。目的产物的熔点:147-148℃,13CNMR(75MHz,DMSO-d6):δ20.65(C-4),23.24(C-4’),35.67(C-15),49.70(C-15’),50.69(NCH3),53.24(N’CH3),53.52(C-3),53.72(C-3’),54.17(6-OCH3),56.17(6’-OCH3),56.43(12-OCH3),59.86(C-1),62.57(C-1’),67.37(N*CH2COO-),107.37(C-5),112.96(C-5’),113.58(C-13),114.80(C-10),117.59(C-8’),121.35(C-13’),121.69(C-11’),121.89(C-14),124.26(C-8a),125.62(C-4a),128.99(C-4a’),129.69(C-8a’),131.32(C-14’),132.15(C-10’),132.28(C-9),132.78(C-9’),144.18(C-7’),145.57(C-7),147.38(C-12),148.45(C-8),149.10(C-6’),149.96(C-11),153.63(C-6),154.19(C-12’),167.25(NCH2 *COO-),ESI-MS:M/e(334.1549),分子式C39H43O8N2Cl,即表1中的化合物1。
实施例2
称取7-羟基双苄基异喹啉(通式Ⅲ中,X=OH)6.10g和叔丁醇钠2.00g,加入500mL三口烧瓶中,溶于DMSO100mL,再分批加入2-氯丁酸乙酯50mL,搅拌混合均匀,常温下搅拌反应48h后,加水50mL,50℃下搅拌4h,稀盐酸中和至中性,200g200目硅胶柱层析,二氯甲烷-甲醇(10:1)洗脱,TLC追踪反应与产物的分离纯化过程,收集并合并产品流分,用旋转蒸发仪蒸60℃下蒸出溶剂,即得淡黄色粉末状的产物4.15g,收率为56.66%,纯度95.50%。目的产物的熔点:139-141℃,ESI-MS:M/e(348.1706),分子式:C41H47O8N2Cl,13CNMR表征,即表1中的化合物6。
实施例3
称取7-羟基双苄基异喹啉(通式Ⅲ中,X=OH)6.10g、2-氯丙酸甲酯5mL和碳酸钠1.50g溶于200mL丙醇中,加入500mL三口烧瓶中,加热搅拌至沸,并保温搅拌反应12h,减压蒸出溶剂,降温至室温,加水50mL,室温下搅拌24h,10%盐酸中和至中性,并用丙酮萃取3次(60mL×3),TLC追踪反应与产物的分离纯化过程,萃取液用无水Na2SO4干燥8h,回收丙酮,固体物在60℃下干燥4h,即得淡黄色粉末状的产物5.65g,收率为78.65%,纯度95.87%。目的产物的熔点:145-146℃,13CNMR实验,ESI-MS:M/e(341.1627),分子式C40H45O8N2Cl,即表1中的化合物19。
实施例4
称取7-羟基双苄基异喹啉(通式Ⅲ中,X=OH)6.10g和乙醇钠1.20g溶于200mL无水醇中,加入2-溴十二酸甲酯5mL,加热搅拌至沸,并保温搅拌反应8h,减压蒸出溶剂,降温至室温,5%HBr中和至pH=7.5,加水50mL,50℃下搅拌6h,并用二氯甲烷萃取3次(50mL×3),TLC追踪反应与产物的分离纯化过程,萃取液用无水Na2SO4干燥过夜,回收二氯甲烷,固体物在50℃下干燥4h,即得淡黄色粉末状的产物6.12g,收率为68.85%,纯度96.45%。目的产物的熔点:111-112℃,ESI-MS:M/e(404.2332),分子式为C49H63O8N2Br,13CNMR表征,即表1中的化合物27。
实施例5
称取7-羟基双苄基异喹啉(通式Ⅲ中,X=OH)6.10g和0.30g的氢氧化钠、量取2-氯乙酸正丁酯3mL、丁醇100mL,加入500mL三口烧瓶中,在混合搅拌下加热至沸,并保温搅拌反应12h,加水50mL,80℃下搅拌3h,加10%盐酸至pH=7.5,减压加热蒸馏分离出溶剂丁醇后,200g三氧化二铝柱层析,二氯甲烷-甲醇(5:1)洗脱,TLC追踪反应与产物的分离纯化过程,收集并合并产品流分,用旋转蒸发仪蒸60℃下蒸出溶剂,即得淡黄色粉末状的产物3.95g,收率为54.38%,纯度97.33%。目的产物的熔点:181-182℃,ESI-MS:M/e(363.1576),分子式:C41H44O10N2,13CNMR表征,即表1中的化合物31。
实施例6
称取7-羟基双苄基异喹啉(通式Ⅲ中,X=OH)6.10g、2-溴丙酸丙酯5mL和二氯甲烷100mL、二乙胺10mL,加入500mL三口烧瓶中,搅拌,-20℃下并保温反应48h,加水50mL,50℃下搅拌4h,用稀氢溴酸中和至中性,分液,取有机相减压蒸至液体体积减少至1/4,冷却至5℃结晶过夜,过滤TLC追踪反应与产物的分离纯化过程,固体物在60℃下干燥4h,即得黄色粉末状的产物2.23g,收率为29.56%,纯度98.01%。目的产物的熔点:183-184℃,13CNMR实验,ESI-MS:M/e(377.1733),分子式C43H48O10N2,即表1中的化合物32。
实施例7
称取7-羟基双苄基异喹啉(通式Ⅲ中,X=OH)6.10g、2-碘十八酸甲酯10.00g,量取乙酸乙酯200mL、三乙胺10mL,加入500mL三口烧瓶中,搅拌,-20℃下并保温反应72h,加水100mL,50℃下搅拌4h,用稀氢碘酸中和至中性,分液,取乙酸乙酯相减压蒸发至液体体积减少至1/4,冷却至5℃结晶过夜,过滤,TLC追踪反应与产物的分离纯化过程,固体物在60℃下干燥4h,即得淡黄色粉末状的产物1.52g,收率为12.93%,纯度97.63%。目的产物的熔点:121-122℃,13CNMR实验,ESI-MS:M/e(587.4080),分子式C73H108O10N2,即表1中的化合物41。
实施例8
称取粉防己碱(通式Ⅲ中,X=OCH3)6.22g和2-氯丁酸甲酯5mL,加三氯甲烷100mL和三甲胺10mL,加入500mL三口烧瓶中,一起搅拌混合加热至沸腾,并保温搅拌反应0.5h,减压蒸出溶剂,加水50mL,50℃下搅拌4h,10%盐酸中和至中性,加水200mL溶解后,用500g5A分子筛吸附树脂处理,水洗后无水醇洗脱,TLC追踪反应与产物的分离纯化过程,回收乙醇流分,减压蒸出乙醇得固体物,固体物在60℃下干燥4h,即得淡红色粉末状的产物4.11g,收率为66.08%,纯度96.44%。目的产物的熔点:150-151℃,ESI-MS:M/e(355.1784),分子式:C42H49O8N2Cl,13CNMR表征,即表1中的化合物45。
实施例9
称取7-甲氧基双苄基异喹啉(通式Ⅲ中,X=OCH3)6.22g和叔丁醇钠2.00g,加入500mL三口烧瓶中,溶于DMSO100mL,再分批加入2-溴油酸甲酯4.00g,搅拌混合均匀,60℃下搅拌反应12h后,加水50mL,50℃下搅拌4h,稀氢溴酸中和至中性,200g200目硅胶柱层析,二氯甲烷-甲醇(10:1)洗脱,TLC追踪反应与产物的分离纯化过程,收集并合并产品流分,用旋转蒸发仪蒸60℃下蒸出溶剂,即得淡黄色粉末状的产物4.74g,收率为48.27%,纯度95.74%。目的产物的熔点:91-92℃,ESI-MS:M/e(452.2801),分子式:C56H75O8N2Br,13CNMR表征,即表1中的化合物53。
实施例10
称取粉防己碱(通式Ⅲ中,X=OCH3)6.22g和氢氧化钾0.50g,加入2-氯丁酸乙酯80mL,加入500mL三口烧瓶中,一起搅拌混合加热至80℃,并保温搅拌反应12h,加水50mL,50℃下搅拌4h,10%盐酸中和至pH=7.5,减压蒸出多余的未反应物,固体物加水200mL溶解后,用500g的D-101型大孔吸附树脂处理,水洗后95%乙醇洗脱,TLC追踪反应与产物的分离纯化过程,回收乙醇部分,减压蒸出乙醇得固体物,固体物在60℃下干燥6h,即得淡黄色粉末状的产物5.55g,收率为74.60%,纯度96.70%。目的产物的熔点:177-178℃,ESI-MS:M/e(355.1784),分子式:C42H49O8N2Cl,13CNMR表征,即表1中的化合物59。
实施例11
称取粉防己碱(通式Ⅲ中,X=OCH3)6.22g和2-溴十四酸乙酯10.00g,量取N,N-二甲基甲酰胺50mL和吡啶10mL,加入500mL三口烧瓶中,一起搅拌混合加热至沸腾,并保温搅拌反应0.1h,减压蒸出溶剂,加水50mL,100℃下搅拌1h,10%氢溴酸中和至中性,加水200mL溶解后,用500g的H型732型阳离子树脂处理,水洗后稀氨水洗脱,减压蒸出氨和部分水,冷却结晶过夜,过滤,TLC追踪反应与产物的分离纯化过程,固体物在60℃下干燥4h,即得淡红色粉末状的产物1.45g,收率为15.63%,纯度95.19%。目的产物的熔点:131-132℃,ESI-MS:M/e(425.2566),分子式:C52H69O8N2Br,13CNMR表征,即表1中的化合物65。
实施例12
称取粉防己碱(通式Ⅲ中,X=OCH3)6.22g、2-氯乙酸乙酯60mL和碳酸钾1.50g溶于200mL乙醇中,加入500mL三口烧瓶中,搅拌,加热回流反应6h,加水50mL,50℃下搅拌4h,用稀氢碘酸中和至中性,减压蒸馏分离出多余的未反应物,200g三氧化二铝柱层析,乙酸乙酯-乙醇(10:1)洗脱,TLC追踪反应与产物的分离纯化过程,收集并合并产品流分,用旋转蒸发仪蒸60℃下蒸出溶剂,即得淡黄色粉末状的产物2.56g,收率为34.69%,纯度98.65%。目的产物的熔点:175-177℃,13CNMR实验,ESI-MS:M/e(370.1663),分子式C42H46O10N2,即表1中的化合物70。
实施例13
称取粉防己碱(通式Ⅲ中,X=OCH3)6.22g,量取2-碘丙酸丙酯2mL、DMSO60mL加入250mL反应器中,加热至100℃并保温搅拌反应2h,加水50mL,50℃下搅拌4h,5%氢碘酸中和至中性,加丙酮100mL溶解后加入2g活性炭,过滤除杂质,蒸出3/4体积滤液后常温结晶过夜,过滤,TLC追踪反应与产物的分离纯化过程,固体物在60℃下干燥4h,即得淡红色粉末状的产物4.51g,收率为58.88%,纯度96.62%。目的产物的熔点:170-171℃,ESI-MS:M/e(384.1811),分子式:C44H50O10N2,13CNMR表征,即表1中的化合物71。
实施例14
称取粉防己碱(通式Ⅲ中,X=OCH3)6.22g、氢氧化钾0.50g、2-碘十六酸甲酯3.90g,量取乙酸乙酯150mL,加入500mL三口烧瓶中,搅拌加热至50℃,并保温搅拌反应72h,加水100mL,50℃下搅拌4h,降至室温后过滤,TLC追踪反应与产物的分离纯化过程,滤液用稀氢碘酸酸中和至中性pH=7.5,减压蒸至液体体积减少至1/4,常温结晶8h,过滤,固体物在60℃下干燥4h,即得淡黄色粉末状的产物2.62g,收率为23.19%,纯度97.30%。目的产物的熔点:112-113℃,ESI-MS:M/e(566.3846),分子式:C70H102O10N2,13CNMR表征,即表1中的化合物79。
实施例15
称取7-甲氧基双苄基异喹啉(通式Ⅲ中,X=OCH3)6.22g、氨基钠3.00g和2-碘油酸乙酯9.00g,溶于200mL无水醇中,加入500mL三口烧瓶中,加热搅拌至沸,并保温搅拌反应8h,减压蒸出溶剂,加水100mL,50℃下搅拌4h,稀氢碘酸中和至中性,加水50mL并用二氯甲烷萃取3次(50mL×3),TLC追踪反应与产物的分离纯化过程,萃取液用无水Na2SO4干燥过夜,回收二氯甲烷,固体物在50℃下干燥4h,即得淡黄色粉末状的产物3.50g,收率为29.61%,纯度98.09%。目的产物的熔点:107-109℃,ESI-MS:M/e(592.4002),分子式为C74H106O10N2,13CNMR表征,即表1中的化合物80。
实施例16
称取7-氧乙酰基双苄基异喹啉(通式Ⅲ中,X=OCOCH3)6.50g和0.40g的NaOH,2-溴十二酸甲酯3.0g溶于加1,4-二氧六环100mL,加入500mL三口烧瓶中,在室温下一起搅拌混合,并保温搅拌反应72h,加水50mL,50℃下搅拌4h,5%HBr中和至pH=7.5,加水200mL溶解后,用500g的H型732型阳离子树脂处理,水洗后稀氢溴酸洗脱,收集产品溜分,减压蒸出部分溶剂,5℃下结晶过夜,过滤,TLC追踪反应与产物的分离纯化过程,固体物在60℃下干燥4h,即得淡红色粉末状的产物3.55g,收率为38.25%,纯度97.56%。目的产物的熔点:146-147℃,ESI-MS:M/e(425.2384),分子式:C51H65O9N2Br,13CNMR表征,即表1中的化合物90。
实施例17
称取7-氧乙酰基双苄基异喹啉(通式Ⅲ中,X=OCOCH3)6.50g,量取2-氯乙酸丙酯5mL、1,4-二氧六环60mL和哌啶10mL,一起加入500mL三口烧瓶中,在70℃条件下一起搅拌混合,并保温搅拌反应8h,加水50mL,60℃下搅拌4h,5%盐酸中和至中性,减压加热蒸馏分离出溶剂,200g三氧化二铝柱层析,二氯甲烷-甲醇(5:1)洗脱,TLC追踪反应与产物的分离纯化过程,收集并合并产品流分,用旋转蒸发仪蒸60℃下蒸出溶剂,即得淡红色粉末状的产物5.75g,收率为77.28%,纯度96.92%。目的产物的熔点:143-144℃,ESI-MS:M/e(355.1602),分子式:C41H45O9N2Cl,13CNMR表征,即表1中的化合物94。
实施例18
称取7-氧乙酰基双苄基异喹啉(通式Ⅲ中,X=OCOCH3)6.50g,量取2-氯辛酸甲酯5mL、正丁醇100mL和哌啶10mL,加入250mL密闭反应器中,加热至300℃并保温反应0.2h,冷至常温,加水50mL,50℃下搅拌4h,用10%盐酸中和至中性,减压加热蒸馏分离出溶剂,固体物加丙酮100mL重结晶,过滤,TLC追踪反应与产物的分离纯化过程,固体物在60℃下干燥4h,即得淡红色粉末状的产物1.22g,收率为14.73%,纯度98.30%。目的产物的熔点:122-123℃,ESI-MS:M/e(397.2071),分子式:C47H57O9N2Cl,13CNMR表征,即表1中的化合物100。
实施例19
称取7-氧乙酰基双苄基异喹啉(通式Ⅲ中,X=OCOCH3)6.50g和0.40g的NaOH,用戊醇100mL溶解,量取2-氯癸酸己酯3.5mL,一起加入500mL三口烧瓶中,在混合搅拌下加热至100℃,并保温搅拌反应24h,加水50mL,50℃下搅拌4h,稀盐酸中和至弱碱性,减压加热蒸馏分离出溶剂,固体物加丙酮100mL重结晶,过滤,TLC追踪反应与产物的分离纯化过程,固体物在60℃下干燥4h,即得淡黄色粉末状的产物3.85g,收率为44.98%,纯度96.22%。目的产物的熔点:122-123℃,ESI-MS:M/e(411.2228),分子式:C49H61O9N2Cl,13CNMR表征,即表1中的化合物101。
实施例20
称取7-氧乙酰基双苄基异喹啉(通式Ⅲ中,X=OCOCH3)6.50g和0.50g的KOH,量取2-氯乙酸己酯6mL、甲苯200mL,加入500mL三口烧瓶中,在60℃条件下一起搅拌混合,并保温搅拌反应72h,加水200mL溶解后,50℃下搅拌4h,用500g的H型732型阳离子树脂处理,水洗后稀盐酸洗脱,收集产品溜分,减压蒸出部分溶剂,5℃下结晶过夜,过滤,TLC追踪反应与产物的分离纯化过程,固体物在60℃下干燥4h,即得淡红色粉末状的产物3.50g,收率为45.69%,纯度95.47%。目的产物的熔点:172-173℃,ESI-MS:M/e(384.1629),分子式:C43H46O11N2,13CNMR表征,即表1中的化合物106。
实施例21
称取7-氧乙酰基双苄基异喹啉(通式Ⅲ中,X=OCOCH3)6.50g和叔丁醇钠3.50g,加入500mL三口烧瓶中,溶于100mL叔丁醇中,加热搅拌至沸,2h内滴加完2-硬脂酸己酯30mL,并保温搅拌反应12h,加水100mL,50℃下搅拌4h,10%HCl中和至中性,减压蒸出溶剂,加水50mL并用四氯化碳萃取3次(50mL×3),TLC追踪反应与产物的分离纯化过程,萃取液用分子筛干燥过夜,回收四氯化碳,固体物在50℃下干燥4h,即得淡黄色粉末状的产物6.20g,收率为51.07%,纯度97.46%。目的产物的熔点:121-122℃,ESI-MS:M/e(608.4133),分子式为C75H110O11N2,13CNMR表征,即表1中的化合物116。
本发明典型实例所制备的化合物列于表1,其化学结构如通式(Ⅰ)和通式(Ⅱ)化合物。
表1合成的典型化合物
实施例22对白血病K562细胞增殖的抑制活性筛选
取对数生长期生长状态良好的白血病K562细胞以5×105/mL/孔的密度接种于96孔培养板,每组设5个平行孔,在37℃,5%CO2培养箱中培养,在含10%小牛血清的培养液中培养24h后,分别换为表1中化合物1-116[浓度为50ng/mL]和汉防己碱[浓度为8ug/mL]的培养液中继续培养,空白对照组加培养基。培养24h后,加MTT20uL(5mg/mL)再培养4h,弃上清,加入100uL二甲亚砜(DMSO),振荡10分钟,待其沉淀物完全溶解后,于酶联检测分析仪上570nm波长,空白调零,测定各孔OD值,上述每组重复3次。
抑制率=(对照组OD-实验组OD)/对照组OD×100%
所合成的典型化合物1至化合物116,对白血病K562细胞增殖的抑制活性实验结果见表2。由实验结果可以看出,化合物1至化合物116在50ng/mL浓度下对对白血病K562增殖抑制率超过50%,汉防己碱在浓度为8ug/mL下对对白血病K562增殖抑制率仅为35.20%,表明化合物1至化合物116对白血病K562细胞具有优异的抑制活性,其活性是汉防己碱的100倍以上,同时在纳克级的剂量下对正常细胞的毒性也大为降低。
实施例23对人肝癌细胞株HepG2增殖的抑制活性筛选
取对数生长期生长状态良好的HepG2细胞以2×103/0.1mL/孔的密度接种于96孔培养板,每组设5个平行孔,在37℃,5%CO2培养箱中培养,在含10%小牛血清的培养液中培养24h后,分别换为表1中化合物1-116[浓度为0.6ug/mL]和汉防己碱[浓度为8ug/mL]的培养液中继续培养,空白对照组加培养基。培养24h后,加MTT20uL(5mg/mL)再培养4h,弃上清,加入100uL二甲亚砜(DMSO),振荡10分钟,待其沉淀物完全溶解后,于酶联检测分析仪上570nm波长,空白调零,测定各孔OD值,上述每组重复3次。
抑制率=(对照组OD-实验组OD)/对照组OD×100%
由实验结果可以看出,化合物1至化合物116在0.6ug/mL浓度下对对人肝癌细胞株HepG2增殖抑制率超过20%,汉防己碱在浓度为8ug/mL下对人肝癌细胞株HepG2增殖抑制率仅为18.35%,表明化合物1至化合物116对人肝癌细胞株HepG2具有优异的抑制活性,其活性是汉防己碱的10倍以上,同时在降低剂量后可以减轻对正常细胞的毒性。
表2化合物对人肝癌细胞株HepG2和白血病K562细胞增殖的抑制率
注:*汉防己碱为浓度为8ug/mL
Claims (9)
1.一种双苄基异喹啉甜菜碱,其特征在于,为结构通式(Ⅰ)或结构通式(Ⅱ)所示的化合物,其中,结构通式(Ⅰ)为:
式中:
X为-OH,-OCH3或-OCOCH3;
R1、R2独立的选自-H,-CH2COO-,-CH(CH3)COO-,-CH(C2H5)COO-,-CH(C3H7)COO-,-CH(C4H9)COO-,-CH(C6H13)COO-,-CH(C8H17)COO-,-CH(C10H21)COO-,-CH(C12H25)COO-,-CH(C14H29)COO-,-CH(C16H33)COO-或-CH(C16H31)COO-;其中R1、R2不同时为-H;Z为卤素;
结构通式(Ⅱ)为:
式中:
X为-OH,-OCH3或-OCOCH3;
R1、R2同时选自-CH2COO-,-CH(CH3)COO-,-CH(C2H5)COO-,-CH(C3H7)COO-,-CH(C4H9)COO-,-CH(C6H13)COO-,-CH(C8H17)COO-,-CH(C10H21)COO-,-CH(C12H25)COO-,-CH(C14H29)COO-,-CH(C16H33)COO-或-CH(C16H31)COO-。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种双苄基异喹啉甜菜碱,其特征在于,结构通式(Ⅰ)中,R1、R2其中一个为-H,Z为Cl、Br、I。
3.如权利要求1所述的双苄基异喹啉甜菜碱,其特征在于,为以下化合物中的一种:
4.权利要求1所述的一种双苄基异喹啉甜菜碱的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)将结构通式(Ⅲ)的化合物溶于溶剂中,加入反应物Y和催化剂,混合,在-20℃~300℃温度条件下,反应0.1h~72h;再经过水解,中和反应;
(2)将反应后的溶液再经过分离纯化制得目的产物;
其中,结构通式(Ⅲ)为:
式中:X为:-OH,-OCH3或-OCOCH3;
步骤(1)中,每摩尔结构通式(Ⅲ)的化合物溶于1~50L溶剂,反应物料的摩尔配比为,结构通式(Ⅲ)的化合物:反应物Y:催化剂=1:0.5~10.0:0.1~100;
其中溶剂为水或甲醇或乙醇或丙醇或丁醇或戊醇或二氯甲烷或三氯甲烷或四氯化碳或苯或甲苯或二甲苯或1,4-二氧六环或1,2-二氯乙烷或四氢呋喃或N,N-二甲基甲酰胺或二甲基亚砜;
催化剂为γ-Al2O3-Na碱或γ-Al2O3-K碱或γ-Al2O3-NaOH-Na碱或γ-Al2O3-NaOH-K碱或γ-Al2O3-KOH-Na碱或γ-Al2O3-KOH-K碱或甲醇钠或乙醇钠或丙醇钠或丁醇钠或氨基钠或金属钠或氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾或氢氧化钙或氧化钠或氧化钾或氧化钙或碳酸钾或碳酸钠或氨水或乙胺或二乙胺或三乙胺或甲胺或二甲胺或三甲胺或吡啶或哌啶;
反应物Y为2-氯乙酸甲酯或2-溴乙酸甲酯或2-碘乙酸甲酯或2-氯乙酸乙酯或2-溴乙酸乙酯或2-碘乙酸乙酯或2-氯乙酸丙酯或2-溴乙酸丙酯或2-碘乙酸丙酯或2-氯乙酸丁酯或2-溴乙酸丁酯或2-碘乙酸丁酯或2-氯乙酸戊酯或2-溴乙酸戊酯或2-碘乙酸戊酯或2-氯乙酸己酯或2-溴乙酸己酯或2-碘乙酸己酯或2-氯丙酸甲酯或2-溴丙酸甲酯或2-碘丙酸甲酯或2-氯丙酸乙酯或2-溴丙酸乙酯或2-碘丙酸乙酯或2-氯丙酸丙酯或2-溴丙酸丙酯或2-碘丙酸丙酯或2-氯丙酸丁酯或2-溴丙酸丁酯或2-碘丙酸丁酯或2-氯丁酸甲酯或2-溴丁酸甲酯或2-碘丁酸甲酯或2-氯丁酸乙酯或2-溴丁酸乙酯或2-碘丁酸乙酯或2-氯戊酸甲酯或2-溴戊酸甲酯或2-碘戊酸甲酯或2-氯戊酸乙酯或2-溴戊酸乙酯或2-碘戊酸乙酯或2-氯己酸甲酯或2-溴己酸甲酯或2-碘己酸甲酯或2-氯己酸乙酯或2-溴己酸乙酯或2-碘己酸乙酯或2-氯庚酸甲酯或2-溴庚酸甲酯或2-碘庚酸甲酯或2-氯庚酸乙酯或2-溴庚酸乙酯或2-碘庚酸乙酯或2-氯辛酸甲酯或2-溴辛酸甲酯或2-碘辛酸甲酯或2-氯辛酸乙酯或2-溴辛酸乙酯或2-碘辛酸乙酯或2-氯癸酸甲酯或2-溴癸酸甲酯或2-碘癸酸甲酯或2-氯癸酸乙酯或2-溴癸酸乙酯或2-碘癸酸乙酯或2-氯十二酸甲酯或2-溴十二酸甲酯或2-碘十二酸甲酯或2-氯十二酸乙酯或2-十二酸乙酯或2-碘十二酸乙酯或2-氯十四酸甲酯或2-溴十四酸甲酯或2-碘十四酸甲酯或2-氯十四酸乙酯或2-十四酸乙酯或2-碘十四酸乙酯或2-氯十六酸甲酯或2-溴十六酸甲酯或2-碘十六酸甲酯或2-氯十六酸乙酯或2-十六酸乙酯或2-碘十六酸乙酯或2-氯十八酸甲酯或2-溴十八酸甲酯或2-碘十八酸甲酯或2-氯十八酸乙酯或2-溴十八酸乙酯或2-碘十八酸乙酯或2-氯油酸甲酯或2-溴油酸甲酯或2-碘油酸甲酯或2-氯油酸乙酯或2-溴油酸乙酯或2-碘油酸乙酯。
5.如权利要求4所述的一种双苄基异喹啉甜菜碱的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所用的混合方式为搅拌或机械振荡或超声波振荡。
6.如权利要求4所述的一种双苄基异喹啉甜菜碱的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,中和反应所用的酸是硫酸或氢溴酸或盐酸或硝酸或磷酸或碳酸或草酸或柠檬酸或甲酸或苯甲酸或乙酸或丙酸。
7.如权利要求4所述的一种双苄基异喹啉甜菜碱的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,所用分离与纯化是过滤或树脂处理或水洗或蒸馏或萃取或活性炭处理或分子筛处理或层析。
8.权利要求1至3任一项所述的双苄基异喹啉甜菜碱在制备抗肿瘤药物中的应用。
9.如权利要求8所述的应用,其特征在于,所述双苄基异喹啉甜菜碱在制备治疗白血病药物中的应用。
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