CN103890479A - 生产复合材料压力容器的方法以及复合材料压力容器 - Google Patents
生产复合材料压力容器的方法以及复合材料压力容器 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种生产复合材料压力容器(1)的方法,该复合材料压力容器具有由热塑性材料制成的内容器(4)、设置在颈部区域(2)中的至少一个端件(6)以及增强内容器(4)并由纤维材料制成的包装(5),其中,该方法包括通过挤压吹塑成型工艺生产内容器(4),并且端件(6)在成形内容器(4)同时形成在内容器上,使得端件(6)至少部分地由内容器(4)所包围。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种生产复合材料压力容器的方法,该复合材料压力容器具有由热塑性材料制成的内容器、设置在颈部区域中的至少一个端件以及增强内容器并由纤维材料制成的包装(wrapping),其中该方法包括通过挤压吹塑成型工艺生产内容器。
本发明还涉及复合材料压力容器,该复合材料压力容器具有由热塑性材料制成的内容器、至少一个颈部区域和对中在容器的颈部区域中的至少一个端件以及增强内容器的纤维包装。
背景技术
例如,从DE19631546C1中已知用于存储加压气态介质的复合材料压力容器,其具有由塑料材料制成的衬里。根据DE19631546C1的复合材料压力容器包括由塑料材料制成的衬里、布置在颈部区域中的两个颈部片(neck pieces)以及增强衬里并由纤维复合物材料制成的包装,其中,至少一个颈部片设计用于接收螺纹阀(screw-in valve)。衬里或内容器可以通过旋转处理、热处理或挤压吹塑成型工艺生产。颈部片以紧贴配合(form-fitting)的方式锚固到衬里。颈部片设置有环形槽,衬里材料以紧贴配合的方式接合在环形槽中。为了确保衬里的颈部区域充分地适应颈部片,以提供适当的密封,压圈被压入到衬里的端部区域。
系统的可靠密封是上述类型的复合材料压力容器的最重要因素。该容器的设计仅能以有限的程度简化该容器的生产能力。
发明内容
因此,本发明的目的首先在于提供一种用于生产技术领域中所述类型的复合材料压力容器的方法,该方法能够在考虑密封、尤其考虑颈部片在内容器上的固定的同时简化该容器的生产。
此目的通过这样的复合材料压力容器的生产方法实现,该复合材料压力容器具有由热塑性材料制成的内容器、设置在颈部区域中的至少一个端件以及增强内容器并由纤维材料制成的包装,其中,该方法包括通过挤压吹塑成型工艺生产内容器,并且该方法的区别特征在于,端件在内容器于吹塑模具中成形的同时形成在内容器上,使得端件至少部分地被内容器包围。这使得能够以更直接的方式将端件引入到内容器中,并且同时以紧贴配合的方式连接到内容器。端件优选地基本布置在内容器的内部。
在本发明方法的优选变化中,端件放置在心轴状或杆状的支撑元件上并处于吹塑模具的开口部件之间,并且被管状熔融型坯或多个网状熔融型坯包围,该端件和型坯被压在闭合吹塑模具的部件之间。
为此,模具在不同情况下可以设置有中央开口。当模具的半模围绕心轴状或杆状支撑元件闭合时,型坯或多个型坯的材料通过将模具半模靠近和相接(abutting)围绕支撑元件并背向支撑元件发生变形。
在本发明的有利变化情况下,例如可以提供这样的布置,分别确定容器的颈部区域的两个端件在支撑元件上彼此间隔开。
例如,支撑元件可以设计为杆,该杆至少部分地设置有外螺纹。
端件可以布置在支撑元件的每端的外螺纹区域中。每个端件可以相对于支撑元件旋转,例如每个端件设置有与支撑元件的外螺纹接合的内螺纹。
尤其有利的是,支撑元件用作吹塑心轴,通过支撑元件,型坯在吹塑模具中扩展。为此,例如支撑元件可以为中空设计并具有吹空气的径向出口孔。
端件有利地在吹塑成型工艺中以紧贴配合的方式连接到内容器。为此,例如端件可以设置有凹陷和/或刻痕,在吹塑成型工艺中,熔融的型坯材料进入到该凹陷和/或刻痕中。例如,这些凹陷也可以是底切(undercut)
尤其有利的是,在完成内容器之后,端件通过紧固元件从外部支撑在和/或紧固在容器的壁上。例如,端件可以具有外螺纹颈部,该外螺纹颈部穿过内容器的开口并且从此开口中突出。一旦在端件或多个端件周围发生吹塑成型,支撑元件可以从内容器中移除,然后,适当设计的紧固元件可以从外部旋入到端件的颈部,其中,可以在一个或更多其它部件介入的情况下,容器壁的颈部区域被夹持在端件和紧固元件之间。例如,可以提供从外部接合在内容器周围并且通过紧固元件紧固的端盖。
作为替代,可以提供在完成容器之后将支撑元件保持在容器中,该支撑元件因此设计为在某种程度上是“消失的(lost)”支撑元件。
例如,支撑元件也可以用于将优选为从支撑元件径向延伸的壁分段形式的增强元件引入到容器中。在内容器成形的同时,这些增强元件然后焊接到容器的内壁或者基于模具的外轮廓而以紧贴配合的方式连接到内容器的壁。
本发明的目的也通过这样的方案实现,一种复合材料压力容器具有由热塑性材料制成的内容器、至少一个颈部区域和对中在内容器的颈部区域中的至少一个端件以及增强内容器的纤维包装,其中,复合材料压力容器的区别特征在于,端件至少部分地布置在内容器内并且以相对于内容器可旋转的紧固方式固定在内容器上。
例如,内容器可以包含由一层或多层的基于HDPE热塑性材料所制成的挤压型材(extrudate)。例如,纤维包装可以包含碳纤维、芳族聚酰胺纤维、玻璃纤维、Al2O3纤维或其混合物。所述纤维优选地嵌入在热塑性塑料或硬质塑料基质中。所述纤维可以嵌入在由环氧树脂或酚醛树脂所制成的基质中,例如聚丙烯/聚酰胺或聚乙烯/聚酰胺基质中。
施加这样的纤维增强或纤维包装的操作可以沿切线方向以及沿轴向方向施加,这本身在现有技术中是公知的。
端件可以包含金属和/或塑料材料。
在复合材料压力容器的有利构造情况下,可以提供具有螺纹短管(threaded stub)的端件,该螺纹短管穿过内容器的颈部并且端盖固定在螺纹短管上,其中,内容器在颈部区域的壁夹持在端件和端盖之间。端件的螺纹短管可以形成为单独部件。但是,原则上,端件也可以设计成多个部件。端盖有利地通过紧固元件紧固。
内容器优选地设置有至少一个支撑元件,该支撑元件穿过内容器并且在其每端保持或接收(accommodate)端件。
复合材料压力容器的优选变化的区别特征在于,容器的每个颈部区域设置有在不同情况下相对于对应颈部区域以对中方式布置的端件。
复合材料压力容器可以设计为旋转对称部件。
附图说明
下面将参考附图中所图示的示例性实施例解释本发明,在附图中:
图1和图2均示出在复合材料压力容器的内容器成形操作过程中吹塑模具的剖面图;
图3示出在插入端件情况下内容器的纵向剖面图;
图4示出复合材料压力容器的端件的俯视图;
图5示出没有增强内容器的包装的情况下复合材料压力容器的纵向剖面图;
图6示出本发明的复合材料压力容器的示意性外观图。
具体实施方式
本发明的复合材料压力容器1优选设计为用于存储高压气态介质的压力容器。本申请上下文中的“高压”应理解为30巴到700巴的工作压力。
复合材料压力容器1设计为具有环形横截面的大致圆筒形容器,并且为旋转对称。
容器在其两个标记端(marked end)处设置有颈部区域2和穿过颈部区域的开口3。每幅图仅示出复合材料压力容器1的一端。应该理解,本发明中原则上复合材料压力容器可以具有一个或两个端部区域2。后者为标准情形。
具有密封作用(sealing action)的闭塞件(shut-off fitting)(未示出)插入复合材料压力容器1的开口3中。
复合材料压力容器1包括内容器4(见图5和图6)、施加到内容器4的增强纤维包装5、在各末端处的端件6、与端件6相互作用的端盖7以及紧固元件8。端件6、端盖7和紧固元件8的布置在各情况下确定了本发明复合材料压力容器1的颈部区域2。
优选包含金属的端件6包括布置在内容器4内部的基体9以及形成为单独部件的螺纹短管10。螺纹短管10设置有内螺纹11和外螺纹11′。内螺纹11主要用于接收可以插入到复合材料压力容器1的闭塞件(fitting),外螺纹11′与端盖7和紧固元件8的对应螺纹相互作用。端件6和端盖7在其之间夹持内容器4,并且紧固元件8将端盖7和端件6彼此相关地紧固。端件6的基体9和端盖7均为近似盘状设计,其中,此布置同样被外部施加的纤维包装5所保持,纤维包装5支撑在端盖7上。如上已经提及,纤维包装5例如可以是已经以交叉或层状方式沿轴向以及径向施加到内容器4的芳族聚酰胺纤维包装或碳纤维包装,其中,所述纤维嵌入到热塑性塑料或硬质塑料基质中。
内容器4例如含有具有氢阻挡层(EVOH)的基于高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)的多层挤压型材。当然,内容器4还可以仅由一层构成。
由于下面将更详细地讨论的本发明的生产方法,内容器4紧密地适应端件6的形状,并且以具有密封作用的方式终止于端件6的螺纹短管10。
端件一般在现有技术中也称为“颈部片”或“套筒(boss)”。内容器在现有技术中也称为“衬里”。
下面参考图1和图2,阐明本发明的生产方法。
通过由挤压头(图中未示出)排出的管状型坯12的挤压吹塑成型工艺获得内容器4。型坯12放置在吹塑模具的开口半模13a、13b之间。吹塑模具半模13a、13b设置有空腔14,各空腔14确定成品内容器4的轮廓,在吹塑模具闭合情况下,空腔14形成完整的模具空腔。能够立即将型坯12挤压在吹塑模具或吹塑模具半模13a、13b上,在此情况下,型坯沿重力方向上被切割成开口吹塑模具半模13a、13b之间的长度。作为替代,型坯12可通过夹持器或机械臂放入吹塑模具中。
在上述方法情况下,挤压管状型坯12,但也可以理解,本发明也可以使用多个网状型坯取代管状型坯。
但是,本发明复合材料压力容器1的高压应用提出了期望基本无缝构造的内容器4,在此情况下,管状型坯12的挤压成型是优选的。
图1示出开口吹塑模具半模13a、13b,其可以执行朝向彼此的闭合移动以及远离彼此的打开移动。
其上布置有两个端件6的支撑元件15从下方引入到由仍处于塑料状态下的熔融塑料材料制成的挤压后的型坯12,型坯12可以在初始基础上扩展以及/或者例如从下面通过辅助空气(supporting air)稳固。端件6具有在各情况下与支撑元件15的螺纹部分16相互作用的内螺纹11。
如果内容器4由以网状形式挤压的两个型坯制成,则能够将支撑元件15侧向放置在模具以及型坯之间。
吹塑模具半模13a、13b均设置有穿孔(lead-through)17,该穿孔17具有适于支撑元件15的轮廓的切割边缘。
端件6在支撑元件15上彼此间隔开,使得基体9的轮廓在吹塑模具半模13a、13b相互闭合时纳入到空腔14的轮廓中,如图2所示。此处,端件6的螺纹短管10延伸到吹塑模具的穿孔17,使得吹塑模具的夹断(pinch-off)边缘紧靠端件6的螺纹短管10夹断型坯12。
按次序,该方法包括挤压型坯12以及从下方将装配有端件6的支撑元件15引入到稳固的管状型坯12中的操作。吹塑模具半模13a、13b然后闭合,并且型坯12在完整模具空腔内扩展成内容器4的轮廓。在此处的处理中,型坯12在待制造的内容器4的颈部区域2紧靠端件6的螺纹短管10被夹断。
为了获得这样的条件,即端件6以尽可能紧密、可旋转地紧固以及紧贴配合的方式与内容器4的内壁接合,如图3和4所示,端片6在其侧边设置有面向内容器4的外形。例如,分段状的径向延伸的凹陷18设置在端件6的上侧,并且型坯12的熔融材料进入该凹陷18中,这产生了端件相对于内容器4可旋转地紧固接合。
在内容器4的吹塑成型工艺完成之后,支撑元件15可以从内容器4中移除。然后,端盖7从外部旋入,其中在不同情况下,端盖7和端件6在其之间夹住内容器4。此布置通过紧固元件8所紧固。然后施加纤维包装5,其中纤维包装支撑在端盖7的外侧。
元件符号列表:
1 复合材料压力容器
2 颈部区域
3 开口
4 内容器
5 纤维包装
6 端件
7 端盖
8 紧固元件
9 基体
10 螺纹短管
11 内螺纹
11′ 外螺纹
12 型坯
13a、13b 吹塑模具半模
14 空腔
15 支撑元件
16 螺纹部分
17 穿孔
18 凹陷
Claims (15)
1.一种生产复合材料压力容器的方法,所述复合材料压力容器具有由热塑性材料制成的内容器、设置在颈部区域中的至少一个端件以及增强所述内容器并由纤维材料制成的包装,其中,该方法包括通过挤压吹塑成型工艺生产所述内容器,其特征在于,所述端件在成形所述内容器的同时形成在所述内容器上,使得所述端件至少部分地由所述内容器所包围。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述端件放置在心轴状或杆状支撑元件上并处于吹塑模具的开口部件之间,由管状熔融型坯或多个网状熔融型坯所包围,并且和所述型坯被压在闭合的所述吹塑模具的所述部件之间。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,分别确定所述容器的颈部区域的两个所述端件在所述支撑元件上彼此间隔开。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,提供的所述支撑元件是杆,所述杆至少部分地设置有外螺纹。
5.根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述支撑元件用作吹塑心轴,通过所述吹塑心轴,所述型坯在所述吹塑模具中扩展。
6.根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述端件在吹塑成型过程中以紧贴配合的方式连接到所述内容器。
7.根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,在完成所述内容器之后,所述端件被紧固元件从外部紧固到所述容器的所述壁。
8.根据权利要求2-7中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,在完成所述容器后,所述支撑元件保留在所述容器中。
9.根据权利要求1-8中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述支撑元件将优选为壁分段形式的增强元件引入到所述容器中。
10.一种复合材料压力容器,具有由热塑性材料制成的内容器(4)、至少一个颈部区域(2)和对中在所述容器的所述颈部区域(2)中的至少一个端件(6)以及增强所述内容器(4)的纤维包装(5),其特征在于,所述端件(6)至少部分地布置在所述内容器(4)内并且相对于所述内容器(4)以可旋转的紧固方式固定到其上。
11.根据权利要求10所述的复合材料压力容器(1),其特征在于,所述端件(6)设计成两个部件,并且包括布置在所述内容器(4)外部的端盖(7),其中,所述内容器(4)在所述颈部区域(2)中的所述壁被夹持在所述端件(6)和所述端盖(7)之间。
12.根据权利要求10或11所述的复合材料压力容器(1),其特征在于,所述端件(6)具有穿过所述内容器(4)的所述颈部区域(2)的螺纹短管(10),所述端盖(7)固定在所述螺纹短管(10)上。
13.根据权利要求11或12所述的复合材料压力容器(1),其特征在于,所述端盖(7)通过紧固元件(8)紧固。
14.根据权利要求10-13中任一项所述的复合材料压力容器(1),其特征在于,所述内容器(4)具有支撑元件(15),所述支撑元件(15)穿过所述内容器,并且在每一端保持端件(6)。
15.根据权利要求10-14中任一项所述的复合材料压力容器(1),其特征在于,所述容器通过权利要求1-9中任一项所述的方法生产。
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- 2012-09-28 JP JP2014536128A patent/JP5882482B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-09-28 US US14/353,159 patent/US20150001229A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2012-09-28 EP EP12766902.6A patent/EP2769139A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-09-28 CN CN201280051683.2A patent/CN103890479A/zh active Pending
- 2012-09-28 WO PCT/EP2012/004104 patent/WO2013056785A2/en active Application Filing
- 2012-09-28 RU RU2014120402/06A patent/RU2573414C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2012-09-28 KR KR1020147010423A patent/KR101643481B1/ko active IP Right Grant
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Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN112344199A (zh) * | 2015-11-24 | 2021-02-09 | 昆腾燃料系统有限责任公司 | 具有内部负载支撑件的复合压力容器 |
CN112344199B (zh) * | 2015-11-24 | 2022-06-03 | 昆腾燃料系统有限责任公司 | 具有内部负载支撑件的复合压力容器 |
CN108278478A (zh) * | 2017-01-06 | 2018-07-13 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | 高压容器 |
CN111886123A (zh) * | 2018-03-19 | 2020-11-03 | 大众汽车股份公司 | 用于通过内部压力成形制造塑料容器尤其燃料容器的方法和模具 |
CN111886123B (zh) * | 2018-03-19 | 2022-06-28 | 大众汽车股份公司 | 用于通过内部压力成形制造塑料容器尤其燃料容器的方法和模具 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR101643481B1 (ko) | 2016-08-10 |
DE102011116553A1 (de) | 2013-04-25 |
US20150001229A1 (en) | 2015-01-01 |
WO2013056785A2 (en) | 2013-04-25 |
EP2769139A2 (en) | 2014-08-27 |
JP5882482B2 (ja) | 2016-03-09 |
KR20140062169A (ko) | 2014-05-22 |
RU2573414C2 (ru) | 2016-01-20 |
RU2014120402A (ru) | 2015-11-27 |
JP2015501235A (ja) | 2015-01-15 |
WO2013056785A3 (en) | 2013-06-27 |
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