CN1038579C - 吸收紫外线的灯用玻璃 - Google Patents
吸收紫外线的灯用玻璃 Download PDFInfo
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- C03C4/00—Compositions for glass with special properties
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Abstract
一种吸收紫外线的钠钙玻璃，可使用比先有技术少得多的CeO2，其含特定量的氧化铈和氧化铁，分别为0.02-0.07%和0.02-0.06%，二者总量为不大于0.13%。此玻璃用作灯套可吸收280-320nm紫外线，而对可见光透明，并且不影响灯的光线的颜色。
Description
本发明涉及用于灯套的吸收紫外线(UV)的玻璃，具体讲是一种钠钙玻璃，其吸收320nm以下的UV辐射，其中既含有氧化铁，也有氧化铈作为UV吸收物质。
有汞的电弧放电灯在放电时发出紫外(UV)辐射在320nm以下对人的眼睛、织物、塑料及其他材料有伤害。此类的灯包括荧光灯、汞蒸汽灯和金属卤化物灯。对于高强度电弧放电灯如汞蒸汽灯和卤化物灯而言，利用这样的灯具而显著减低或消除UV发射量，即使用吸收UV辐射的透镜，或使用包住灯的含UV吸收物质的玻璃外套。对于荧光灯而言，采用靠近灯套内壁的一个或多个燐光体层和在灯套玻璃中含较多量氧化铁的联合措施，已足以将灯所发出的UV辐射降低到满意的水平，即对周围环境或人类无害。氧化铁能吸收UV辐射，包括280-320nm范围的有害的UV射束辐射。然而，在灯玻璃中使用较多量的铁质使玻璃有些变色，从而使灯所发出的可见光减弱，并且使光的颜色受影响。
已知有各种用途的UV吸收玻璃，如透镜、绝热体、灯套等，其中加有或多或少量的UV吸收物质如Ti、Ce、Fe、V、Mn等等的氧化物。此等物质使玻璃有绿色或棕色色调，如US 2582453所述。US2862131和3148300披露了联合使用Ce、V和Ti的氧化物，用于荧光灯套的钠钙玻璃吸收UV线。然而，玻璃中含V成分的问题是氧化钒使玻璃带绿黄色或琥珀色，此玻璃可用作带色的眼镜(US2582453)。还知道V会挥发，所以在生产场所污染大气，它还与热的耐火材料表面结合，形成低熔的熔渣，从而腐蚀耐火材料，缩短炉的寿命。虽然Ce能吸收UV辐射，但它很贵而使灯的成本上升，特别象先有技术中所采用的含量时。所以，亟需进一步改进用于灯套的UV吸收钠钙玻璃，既能透过光源发出的可见光(其电磁波谱约400-720nm)，同时能消除或大大减弱电弧发出的280-320nm的UV辐射。特别有利的是能够不使灯的制造成本显著上升的玻璃组成。
本发明目的即为提供达到上述要求的吸收UV的玻璃。现已发现，在钠钙玻璃中含有特定量的氧化铁和氧化铈可以使氧化铈用量减少，同时仍能大大减弱光源发出的UV辐射而不使玻璃带颜色以致使灯光改变颜色。本发明的钠钙玻璃含有氧化铁和氧化铈，该等氧化物的总量为0.07-0.13％(重)，优选0.08-0.12％(重)，按玻璃组合物计。本发明还涉及使用此玻璃作为灯套。其中氧化铈的量为玻璃组合物的0.02-0.1％(重)，优选为0.02-0.07％(重)。于是氧化铁为0.02-0.06％(重)。
业已发现，本发明的UV吸收玻璃适用于作为荧光灯的灯套。本发明另一方案是一种荧光灯，包括玻璃灯套，其中封有电弧光源，在近灯套内壁处有至少一层燐光体物质，该灯套包括含氧化铁和氧化铈的钠钙玻璃，后二者在玻璃中的含量如上段所述。
因1为荧光灯示意图，有一钠钙玻璃灯套，按本发明该玻璃含有氧化铁和氧化铈。
图2(a)至2(d)表示含固定量氧化铁和不同量氧化铈的钠钙玻璃，其透光百分率与波长的关系曲线。
按照图1，荧光灯1包括一个长形的气密玻璃封套2，其为按本发明的钠钙玻璃所制。灯1有气密封封在套2之内的电极3。套2中含有为保持放电而充入的汞，还有惰性的可电离气体(这些未示出)。在套的两端，电极3与引线4、5相连，后者穿过支杆7的玻璃密封6，接到灯头8并与电触针13、14导电连接。所述惰性气体为稀有气体，一般是氩或氩与氪的混合气、压力低到约1-4乇。惰性气体的作用为缓冲物或用于限制电弧电流。套2的内壁9上有透光的导电层10，其组成为氧化锡并掺杂有小量锑或氟使其导电，因为氧化锡本身是半导体物质。使用导电性氧化锡膜和其施涂方法为本技术领域已知。然而，在许多荧光灯中没有氧化锡膜，所以本发明并不限于有此种膜的荧光灯。在氧化锡层10上涂一层燐光体11。可使用一层燐光体如卤磷酸钙燐光体，或使用多层不同的燐光体或不同燐光体的混合物，此为本技术领域已知。在灯操作时，在电弧3之间打出电弧，使汞电离，导致产生UV辐射。电弧发出的UV辐射由燐光体层11转化成可见光辐射，然后通过灯套9。灯套9采用本发明的UV吸收玻璃，将该电弧所发出、可能穿过燐光体层11和透过玻璃灯套9的UV辐射实质上完全吸收掉。
在另一方案中，本发明的UV吸收玻璃可作为发射UV辐射的其他光源的外套，例如汞蒸汽电弧灯或金属卤化物电弧灯，用以吸收这些光源发出的UV辐射。在这些灯上使用玻璃外套是本技术领域已知。
本领域技术人员知道，钠钙玻璃一般可有很广的组成范围，本发明都可以用来实施。大多数荧光灯所用钠钙玻璃的典型组成如下，以玻璃配合料计算：
组成成分 重量％
SiO2 65-75％
Na2O 12-20％
CaO 4-6％
MgO 3-4％
Al2O3 0.3-2.0％
K2O 0.3-2.0％
Fe2O3 0.02-0.06％还可能存在少量澄清剂如三氧化锑和/或三氧化硫，以及其他少量物质如TiO2，它们由于原料而混入批料中而作为“无办法的”杂质，一般，此类钠钙玻璃有强的UV吸收边界，从约360nm开始；在340nm，通过0.03英寸玻璃片有约5％UV辐射被吸收；在307nm为50％被吸收，在低于287nm有＞95％被吸收。因此，在287-320nm范围的UV辐射有一部分但非全部通过此种玻璃。该玻璃中的氧化铁(此时为氧化高铁，Fe2O3)含量一般决定于该批玻璃料的成分中含铁的量。
属于上述氧化物组成范围的适宜钠钙玻璃配合料如下：
重量份
砂 1900
碳酸钠 750
白云石 420
霞石正长岩 170
硝酸钠 22
硫酸钠 14
三氧化锑 7
此批料的熔融温度一般为1350-1450℃，但本技术领域已知，温度可以更高些或更低些。另外，配合料在氧化环境如空气中熔化。由上述配合料所成的钠钙玻璃具有如下的分析组成：成分 重量％SiO2 72.5Na2O 17.1CaO 4.9MgO 3.2Al2O3 1.6K2O 0.3SO3 0.2Sb2O3 0.034TiO2 0.026
其中的SO3和Sb2O3是澄清剂，TiO2作为配合料其一成分的杂质。在本发明的玻璃中，TiO2存在与否并不影响玻璃的UV吸收性质。
制备了4批具有上述组成的钠钙玻璃，它们含0.034％(重量)的Fe2O3。第1批无CeO2，第2、3、4批分别有CeO2 20.05％、0.10％、0.20％(重量)。虽然Ce在玻璃中以CeO2表示其存在，但在玻璃中Ce的价数接近3+而不是4+。图2(a)至2(d)阐示这4批玻璃的透光百分率与波长的关系，用厚0.03英寸的平玻璃片。可以明显见到，有0.034％的氧化铁而没有CeO2时，有显著量的280-320nm的UV辐射透过该玻璃。与此相反，当玻璃中有0.05％的CeO2同时有有0.034％(均为重量)的氧化铁时，吸收很大量，例如约75％的UV射线。因而，该钠钙玻璃透射不大于25％的UV射线。将CeO2量提高至0.10％，使280-320nm的UV射线实质上全部被吸收。此外，将CeO2含量再增至0.20％并未带来进一步的UV吸收效果。可以注意到，氧化铈和氧化铁在吸收UV辐射方面有互补作用。结果，向玻璃璃配合料中加入CeO2的量取决于起始批料中氧化铁或其前体的分析含量，所以当氧化铁含量较高时，用较少量氧化铈仍可达到相同的UV吸收效果。因此，CeO2和Fe2O3总量一般不超0.12％，更多是不多于约0.1％。例如，一个阐示但非限定性实例表明，所有含0.034％(重量)Fe2O3的组合物，有0.05％(重量)CeO2已足以满意地吸收UV辐射。若玻璃中含Fe2O3为0.06％(重量)，CeO2用量又可以少得多，例如0.03％(重量)。目前的纯CeO2价格约每磅$4.00，它比无CeO2的玻璃配合料更贵约100倍。因此，本发明减少氧化铈用量以达到吸收UV辐射，有明显意义。
不言而喻，本领域技术人员可以在不背离本发明的精神和范围情况下可以明显地作出其他修改。因此，本发明所要求保护的范围并不限于此处所描述者，而由权利要求书界定具专利新颖性的特征，包括本领域技术人员可以作出的相应的等效方案。
Claims (6)
1.一种适用于电弧灯的透射不大于约25％的紫外线辐射的钠钙玻璃封套，所说电弧灯具有电弧放电光源，该光源发射可见光辐射和紫外线辐射，所说紫外线辐射至少有一部分具有在280-320nm范围的波长，该钠钙玻璃包括主要为CeO2形式的含量为所述玻璃组合物的0.02至0.1％(重量)的氧化铈和主要为Fe2O3形式的含量为所述玻璃组合物的0.02至0.06％(重量)的氧化铁。
2.根据权利要求1的灯的玻璃封套，其中存在于所述玻璃中的氧化铈和氧化铁的总量为所述玻璃组合物的0.07-0.13％(重量)。
3.一种适用于荧光灯的钠钙玻璃封套，所说荧光灯具有汞电弧放电光源，该光源发射280-320nm的紫外线辐射，该钠钙玻璃封套包括如下的氧化物组成：
氧化物 重量％
SiO2 65-75％
Na2O 12-20％
CaO 4-6％
MgO 3-4％
Al2O3 0.3-2.0％
K2O 0.3-2.0％
CeO2 0.02-0.1％
Fe2O3 0.02-0.06％
4.根据权利要求2的灯的玻璃封套，其中氧化铈含量为所述玻璃的0.02-0.07％(重量)。
5.根据权利要求3的灯的玻璃封套，其中氧化铈和氧化铁总含量为所述玻璃的0.07-0.13％(重量)。
6.根据权利要求4的灯的玻璃封套，其中氧化铈和氧化铁总含量为0.08-0.12％(重量)。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US066,642 | 1993-05-25 | ||
| US08/066,642 US5350972A (en) | 1993-05-25 | 1993-05-25 | UV absorbing lamp glass |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1098704A CN1098704A (zh) | 1995-02-15 |
| CN1038579C true CN1038579C (zh) | 1998-06-03 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN94105122A Expired - Fee Related CN1038579C (zh) | 1993-05-25 | 1994-05-25 | 吸收紫外线的灯用玻璃 |
Country Status (13)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5350972A (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP0629591B1 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JPH06345479A (zh) |
| KR (1) | KR100205834B1 (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN1038579C (zh) |
| BR (1) | BR9402059A (zh) |
| CA (1) | CA2122388A1 (zh) |
| CZ (1) | CZ122294A3 (zh) |
| DE (1) | DE69405162T2 (zh) |
| ES (1) | ES2105519T3 (zh) |
| HU (1) | HUT67977A (zh) |
| RU (1) | RU2126369C1 (zh) |
| TW (1) | TW279199B (zh) |
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| FR2739095B1 (fr) * | 1995-09-25 | 1997-11-14 | Saint Gobain Vitrage | Lentilles optiques et procedes de fabrication |
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| US6037286A (en) * | 1998-03-20 | 2000-03-14 | Owens-Brockway Glass Container Inc. | UV absorbing container glass compositions |
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| JP4995413B2 (ja) * | 2004-05-31 | 2012-08-08 | パナソニック株式会社 | ランプ用ガラス組成物およびこれを用いたランプ |
| DE102004033653B4 (de) | 2004-07-12 | 2013-09-19 | Schott Ag | Verwendung eines Glases für EEFL Fluoreszenzlampen |
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| CN101060049A (zh) * | 2006-04-21 | 2007-10-24 | 广州神阳高新技术有限公司 | 紫外线灯 |
| EP2637744A4 (en) | 2010-11-12 | 2014-06-11 | Soltész Nagy Attila | ARRANGEMENT FOR ADJUSTING THE UVB-TO-UVA RATIO OF ARTIFICIAL UV LIGHT |
| CN106007362B (zh) * | 2016-03-05 | 2018-01-23 | 益阳晶基光伏材料科技有限公司 | 低铁钠钙硅酸盐超白压延光伏玻璃除泡助剂、玻璃制备方法 |
| DE102016115523A1 (de) * | 2016-08-22 | 2018-02-22 | Osram Gmbh | Gasentladungslampe und Scheinwerfersystem mit Gasentladungslampe |
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- 1994-04-28 CA CA002122388A patent/CA2122388A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-05-03 ES ES94303204T patent/ES2105519T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-05-03 DE DE69405162T patent/DE69405162T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
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- 1994-05-24 KR KR1019940011269A patent/KR100205834B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BR9402059A (pt) | 1994-12-13 |
| HU9400848D0 (en) | 1994-06-28 |
| RU2126369C1 (ru) | 1999-02-20 |
| EP0629591A1 (en) | 1994-12-21 |
| ES2105519T3 (es) | 1997-10-16 |
| HUT67977A (en) | 1995-05-29 |
| DE69405162D1 (de) | 1997-10-02 |
| JPH06345479A (ja) | 1994-12-20 |
| US5350972A (en) | 1994-09-27 |
| KR100205834B1 (ko) | 1999-07-01 |
| CA2122388A1 (en) | 1994-11-26 |
| CN1098704A (zh) | 1995-02-15 |
| CZ122294A3 (en) | 1995-08-16 |
| TW279199B (zh) | 1996-06-21 |
| DE69405162T2 (de) | 1998-03-12 |
| EP0629591B1 (en) | 1997-08-27 |
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