CN103857731A - 纤维强化树脂复合材料及其制造方法 - Google Patents

纤维强化树脂复合材料及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN103857731A
CN103857731A CN201180073737.0A CN201180073737A CN103857731A CN 103857731 A CN103857731 A CN 103857731A CN 201180073737 A CN201180073737 A CN 201180073737A CN 103857731 A CN103857731 A CN 103857731A
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resin
shape portion
fiber
composite material
complicated shape
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CN103857731B (zh
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关根尚之
山口荣胜
福田欣弘
伊原启裕
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Jxtg Energy Corp
Subaru Corp
Eneos Corp
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JX Nippon Oil and Energy Corp
Fuji Heavy Industries Ltd
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Abstract

本发明的目的是抑制由简单形状部和复杂形状部的界面引起的强度降低。该纤维强化树脂复合材料具有简单形状部,该简单形状部由使树脂含浸在强化纤维中得到的至少一张片状的预浸材料构成,以及复杂形状部,该复杂形状部相对于简单形状部一体形成且使树脂含浸在强化纤维中而得到。预浸材料中所使用的树脂和复杂形状部中所使用的树脂为相同成分。

Description

纤维强化树脂复合材料及其制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种纤维强化树脂复合材料及其制造方法,特别是涉及一种用作航空器、汽车、船舶等结构用部件的纤维强化树脂复合材料及其制造方法。
背景技术
目前,纤维强化树脂复合材料(FRP:Fiber Reinforced Plastics)广泛用作航空器、汽车、船舶等的结构用部件。这种纤维强化树脂复合材料具有作为简单形状部的外板部、以及作为复杂形状部的在外板部的内侧一体设置的纤维强化树脂制的横梁、肋、纵梁等增强部和支架等辅助部件,其中所述外板部是将使树脂含浸在碳纤维中得到的片状的预浸材料层压而成的。
近年来,为了使如上所述的简单形状部和复杂形状部有效地一体化,开发有一种通过真空树脂含浸法(VaRTM:Vacuum-assistedResin Transfer Molding)形成纤维强化树脂复合材料的技术(例如参照非专利文献1)。
现有技术文献
非专利文献
非专利文献1:柏木俊裕著,“混合成型CFRP的层间特性评价”,第一次日本复合材料合同会议演讲论文集,日本材料学会,日本复合材料学会,2010年3月,p.426-429
发明内容
发明所要解决的课题
顺便提及,当用上述制造方法形成纤维强化树脂复合材料时,简单形状部和复杂形状部的接合面成为界面。若存在界面,则有可能由于该界面使纤维强化树脂复合材料的强度降低。
因此,本发明的课题在于,抑制以简单形状部和复杂形状部的界面为起因的强度降低。
用于解决课题的手段
权利要求1所述的发明涉及的纤维强化树脂复合材料的特征在于,具有简单形状部,该简单形状部由使树脂含浸在强化纤维中得到的至少一张片状的预浸材料构成;以及
复杂形状部,该复杂形状部相对于所述简单形状部一体形成,并且使树脂含浸在强化纤维中而得到,
所述预浸材料中所使用的树脂和所述复杂形状部中所使用的树脂为相同成分。
权利要求2所述的发明为权利要求1所述的纤维强化树脂复合材料,其特征在于,所述预浸材料中所使用的树脂和所述复杂形状部中所使用的树脂为苯并噁嗪树脂组合物。
权利要求3所述的发明为权利要求2所述的纤维强化树脂复合材料,其特征在于,所述苯并噁嗪树脂组合物含有分子中具有式(1)所示的苯并噁嗪环的化合物、环氧树脂、固化剂和韧性改进剂。
[化学式1]
Figure BDA0000483050680000021
(式中,R1表示碳数1~12的链状烷基、碳数3~8的环状烷基、苯基或被碳数1~12的链状烷基或卤素取代的苯基。另外,氢原子与式中的芳香环的氧原子所键合的碳原子的邻位和对位的至少一者的碳原子键合。)
权利要求4所述的纤维强化树脂复合材料的制造方法的特征在于,包括形成简单形状部的简单形状部形成工序,该简单形状部由使树脂含浸在强化纤维中得到的至少一张片状的预浸材料构成;以及复杂形状部一体化工序,其中相对于所述简单形状部一体形成使树脂含浸在强化纤维中而得到的复杂形状部,
所述预浸材料中所使用的树脂和所述复杂形状部中所使用的树脂为相同的成分。
权利要求5所述的发明为权利要求4所述的纤维强化树脂复合材料的制造方法,其特征在于,所述预浸材料中所使用的树脂和所述复杂形状部中所使用的树脂为苯并噁嗪树脂组合物。
权利要求6所述的发明为权利要求5所述的纤维强化树脂复合材料的制造方法,其特征在于,所述苯并噁嗪树脂组合物含有分子中具有式(1)所示的苯并噁嗪环的化合物、环氧树脂、固化剂和韧性改进剂。
[化学式2]
Figure BDA0000483050680000031
(式中,R1表示碳数1~12的链状烷基、碳数3~8的环状烷基、苯基或被碳数1~12的链状烷基或卤素取代的苯基。另外,氢原子与式中的芳香环的氧原子所键合的碳原子的邻位和对位的至少一者的碳原子键合。)
发明效果
本发明人等着眼于以下情况,即,在现有的预浸料中所使用的树脂和复杂形状部中所使用的树脂(RTM用树脂)中,由于各个材料所要求的特性不同,因此,在如现有技术那样的真空树脂含浸法中,如果简单形状部和复杂形状部使用不同的成分的树脂,则两者的接合面成为界面。因此,本发明人等发现,若用同一成分的树脂形成简单形状部和复杂形状部,则一体化后两者的接合面不会成为界面,可以抑制强度降低。即,根据本发明,可抑制以简单形状部和复杂形状部的界面为起因的强度降低。
附图简要说明
图1是示出本实施方式涉及的纤维强化树脂复合材料的概略构成的示意立体图。
图2是示出形成图1的纤维强化复合材料中具有的增强部时的各工序的说明图。
图3是示出作为形成图1的纤维强化复合材料的一个工序的增强部一体化工序的状态的说明图。
图4是示出实施例和比较例各自的层间剪切强度的图表。
图5是示出实施例和比较例各自的四点弯曲强度的图表。
具体实施方式
下面,使用附图对用于实施本发明的最佳方式进行说明。然而,虽然以下叙述的实施方式中为了实施本发明而附加有技术上优选的各种限定,但并未将发明的范围限定为以下的实施方式及图示例。
图1是示出本实施方式涉及的纤维强化树脂复合材料的概略构成的示意立体图。如该图1所示,纤维强化树脂复合材料1中设有作为简单形状部的外板部2和相对于外板部2一体形成的作为复杂形状部的增强部3。
外板部2由多个层压的片状的预浸材料4形成。预浸材料4通过使树脂含浸在强化纤维中而形成。
增强部3具备固定在外板部2上的底座部31和从底座部31的中央直立设置的肋32。该增强部3也通过使树脂含浸在强化纤维中而形成。形成外板部2的预浸材料4中所使用的树脂和增强部3中所使用的树脂为相同成分。
以下,对预浸材料4及增强部3中所使用的树脂进行说明。
该树脂为苯并噁嗪树脂组合物,并含有分子中具有式(1)所示的苯并噁嗪环的(A)化合物、(B)环氧树脂、(C)固化剂和(D)韧性改进剂。
(A)化合物为上述式(1)所示的苯并噁嗪树脂。在式(1)中,R1表示碳数1~12的链状烷基、碳数3~8的环状烷基、苯基、或被碳数1~12的链状烷基或卤素取代的苯基。
作为碳数1~12的链状烷基,可以列举(例如):甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、叔丁基。
作为碳数3~8的环状烷基,可以列举(例如):环戊基、环己基。
作为被碳数1~12的链状烷基或卤素取代的苯基,可以列举(例如):苯基、邻甲基苯基、间甲基苯基、对甲基苯基、邻乙基苯基、间乙基苯基、对乙基苯基、邻叔丁基苯基、间叔丁基苯基、对叔丁基苯基、邻氯苯基、邻溴苯基。
从赋予良好的处理性的方面考虑,作为R1,上述例示中优选甲基、乙基、丙基、苯基、邻甲基苯基。
作为(A)化合物即苯并噁嗪树脂,可优选举出(例如)由下式所示的单体、该单体进行多分子聚合而成的低聚物、包含具有与这些单体不同的结构的苯并噁嗪环的化合物和这些单体中的至少一种的反应物。
[化学式3]
Figure BDA0000483050680000061
[化学式4]
Figure BDA0000483050680000071
[化学式5]
Figure BDA0000483050680000081
(A)化合物通过苯并噁嗪环开环聚合而制成与酚醛树脂相同的骨架,因此,阻燃性优异。另外,可由其致密的结构得到低吸水率和高弹性模量之类的优异的机械特性。
(B)环氧树脂为控制组合物的粘度、另外提高组合物的固化性的成分。作为(B)环氧树脂,优选(例如)以胺类、酚类、羧酸、分子内不饱和碳等化合物作为前体的环氧树脂。
作为以胺类为前体的环氧树脂,可以列举(例如):四缩水甘油基二氨基二苯基甲烷、二甲苯二胺的缩水甘油基化合物、三缩水甘油基氨基苯酚、缩水甘油基苯胺各自的位置异构体及被烷基或卤素取代的取代物。
以下,在例示市售品的情况下,对液状的市售品而言,将通过后述的动态粘弹性测定装置得到的25℃下的复数粘弹性模量η*记载为粘度。
作为四缩水甘油基二氨基二苯基甲烷的市售品,可以列举(例如):“スミエポキシ”(注册商标。以下相同)ELM434(住友化学(株)制)、“アラルダイト”(注册商标、以下相同)MY720、“アラルダイト”MY721、“アラルダイト”MY9512、“アラルダイト”MY9612、“アラルダイト”MY9634、“アラルダイト”MY9663(以上为Huntsman Advanced Materials公司制)、“jER”(注册商标、以下相同)604(三菱化学(株)制)。
作为三缩水甘油基氨基苯酚的市售品,可以列举(例如):“jER”630(粘度:750mPa·s)(三菱化学(株)制)、“アラルダイト”MY0500(粘度:3500mPa·s)、MY0510(粘度:600mPa·s)(以上为Huntsman Advanced Materials公司制)、ELM100(粘度:16000mPa·s)(住友化学制)。
作为缩水甘油基苯胺类的市售品,可以列举(例如):GAN(粘度:120mPa·s)、GOT(粘度:60mPa·s)(以上为日本化药(株)制)。
作为以苯酚为前体的缩水甘油醚型环氧树脂,可以列举(例如):双酚A型环氧树脂、双酚F型环氧树脂、双酚S型环氧树脂、具有联苯骨架的环氧树脂、苯酚酚醛型环氧树脂、甲酚酚醛型环氧树脂、间苯二酚型环氧树脂、具有萘骨架的环氧树脂、三苯基甲烷型环氧树脂、苯酚芳烷基型环氧树脂、二环戊二烯型环氧树脂、二苯基芴型环氧树脂及各自的各种异构体及烷基、卤素取代物。
另外,将以苯酚为前体的环氧树脂用聚氨酯或异氰酸酯改性而成的环氧树脂也包含在该类型中。
作为液状的双酚A型环氧树脂的市售品,可以列举(例如):“jER”825(粘度:5000mPa·s)、“jER”826(粘度:8000mPa·s)、“jER”827(粘度:10000mPa·s)、“jER”828(粘度:13000mPa·s)、(以上为三菱化学(株)制)、“エピクロン”(注册商标、以下相同)850(粘度:13000mPa·s)(DIC(株)制)、“エポトート”(注册商标、以下相同)YD-128(粘度:13000mPa·s)(新日铁化学(株)制)、DER-331(粘度:13000mPa·s)、DER-332(粘度:5000mPa·s)(Dow Chemical公司制)。
作为固体或者半固体的双酚A型环氧树脂的市售品,可以列举(例如):“jER”834、“jER”1001、“jER”1002、“jER”1003、“jER”1004、“jER”1004AF、“jER”1007、“jER”1009(以上为三菱化学(株)制)。
作为液状的双酚F型环氧树脂的市售品,可以列举(例如):“jER”806(粘度:2000mPa·s)、“jER”807(粘度:3500mPaVs)、“jER”1750(粘度:1300mPa·s)、“jER”(以上为三菱化学(株)制)、“エピクロン”830(粘度:3500mPa·s)(DIC(株)制)、“エポトート”YD-170(粘度:3500mPa·s)、“エポトート”YD-175(粘度:3500mPa·s)、(以上为新日铁化学(株)制)。
作为固体的双酚F型环氧树脂的市售品,可以列举(例如):4004P、“jER”4007P、“jER”4009P(以上为三菱化学(株)制)、“エポトート”YDF2001、“エポトート”YDF2004(以上为新日铁化学(株)制)。
作为双酚S型环氧树脂,可以列举(例如):EXA-1515(DIC(株)制)。
作为具有联苯骨架的环氧树脂的市售品,可以列举(例如):“jER”YX4000H、“jER”YX4000、“jER”YL6616(以上为三菱化学(株)制)、NC-3000(日本化药(株)制)。
作为苯酚酚醛型环氧树脂的市售品,可以列举(例如):“jER”152、“jER”154(以上为三菱化学(株)制)、“エピクロン”N-740、“エピクロン”N-770、“エピクロン”N-775(以上为DIC(株)制)。
作为甲酚酚醛型环氧树脂的市售品,可以列举(例如):“エピクロン”N-660、“エピクロン”N-665、“エピクロン”N-670、“エピクロン”N-673、“エピクロン”N-695(以上为DIC(株)制)、EOCN-1020、EOCN-102S、EOCN-104S(以上为日本化药(株)制)。
作为间苯二酚型环氧树脂的市售品,可以列举(例如):“デナコール”(注册商标、以下相同)EX-201(粘度:250mPa·s)(Nagasechemtex(株)制)。
作为具有萘骨架的环氧树脂的市售品,可以列举(例如):“エピクロン”HP4032(DIC(株)制)、NC-7000、NC-7300(以上为日本化药(株)制)。
作为三苯基甲烷型环氧树脂的市售品,可以列举(例如):TMH-574(住友化学(株)制)。
作为二环戊二烯型环氧树脂的市售品,可以列举(例如):“エピクロン”HP7200、“エピクロン”HP7200L、“エピクロン”HP7200H(以上为DIC(株)制)、“Tactix”(注册商标)558(Huntsman AdvancedMaterials公司制)、XD-1000-1L、XD-1000-2L(以上为日本化药(株)制)。
作为聚氨酯及异氰酸酯改性环氧树脂的市售品,可以列举(例如):具有噁唑烷酮环的AER4152(旭化成E-materials(株)制)。
作为以羧酸为前体的环氧树脂,可以列举(例如):邻苯二甲酸的缩水甘油基化合物、六氢邻苯二甲酸、二聚酸的缩水甘油基化合物及各自的各种异构体。
作为邻苯二甲酸二缩水甘油酯的市售品,可以列举(例如):“エポミック”(注册商标、以下相同)R508(粘度:4000mPa·s)(三井化学(株)制)、“デナコール”EX-721(粘度:980mPa·s)(Nagasechemtex.(株)制)。
作为六氢邻苯二甲酸二缩水甘油酯的市售品,可以列举(例如):“エポミック”R540(粘度:350mPa·s)(三井化学(株)制)、AK-601(粘度:300mPa·s)(日本化药(株)制)。
作为二聚酸二缩水甘油酯的市售品,可以列举(例如):“jER”871(粘度:650mPa·s)(三菱化学(株)制)、“エポトート”YD-171(粘度:650mPa·s)(新日铁化学(株)制)。
作为以分子内不饱和碳作为前体的环氧树脂,可以列举(例如)脂环式环氧树脂。具体而言,作为(3’,4’-环氧环己烷)甲基-3,4-环氧环己烷羧酸酯的市售品,可以列举(例如):“セロキサイド”(注册商标、以下相同)2021P(粘度:250mPa·s)(Daicel化学工业(株)制)、CY179(粘度:400mPa·s)(Huntsman Advanced Materials公司制),作为(3’,4’-环氧环己烷)辛基3,4-环氧环己烷羧酸酯的市售品,可以列举(例如):“セロキサイド”2081(粘度:100mPa·s)(Daicel化学工业(株)制),作为1-甲基-4-(2-甲基环氧乙烷基)-7-氧杂双环[4.1.0]庚烷的市售品,可以列举(例如):“セロキサイド”3000(粘度:20mPa·s)(Daicel化学工业(株)制)。
(B)环氧树脂的配合量相对于(A)化合物的苯并噁嗪树脂100质量份优选为10~100质量份,更优选为10~60质量份。从粘性及悬垂性的观点考虑,在25℃下为液状的环氧树脂在25℃下的粘度优选为越低越好,作为环氧树脂的市售品得到的下限优选为5mPa·s以上且20000mPa·s以下,更优选为5mPa·s以上且15000mPa·s以下。若超过20000mPa·s,则粘性及悬垂性可能降低。
芳香族含量高的环氧树脂由于阻燃性提高,所以作为25℃下为固体的环氧树脂是优选的,并且可以列举(例如)具有联苯骨架的环氧树脂、具有萘骨架的环氧树脂、苯酚芳烷基型环氧树脂。
作为(C)固化剂,可单独使用(例如)二乙基甲苯二胺、间苯二胺、二氨基二苯基甲烷、二氨基二苯基砜、间二甲苯二胺、它们的各种衍生物等芳香族胺、三乙四胺、异佛尔酮二胺等脂肪族胺、咪唑衍生物、双氰胺、四甲基胍、甲基六氢邻苯二甲酸酐等羧酸酐、己二酸酰肼等羧酸酰肼、羧酸酰胺、如单官能酚及双酚A那样的多官能酚化合物、多酚化合物、聚硫醇、羧酸盐、三氟化硼乙胺络合物等路易斯酸络合物等,或者使用2种以上的混合物,其中,优选芳香族胺、磺酸酯、如单官能酚及双酚A那样的多官能酚化合物、多酚化合物单独或者2种以上的混合物。
这些固化剂通过与(A)化合物的苯并噁嗪或(B)环氧树脂反应,可以得到耐热/耐湿性优异的树脂组合物或者纤维强化复合材料。
(C)固化剂的配合量相对于(A)化合物+(B)环氧树脂100质量份优选为5~30质量份,更优选为7~25质量份。若不满5质量份,则由于固化反应未进行,树脂组合物整体的固化度有可能不足。若超过30质量份,则固化物的玻璃化转变温度等机械物理性质有可能降低。
作为(D)韧性改进剂,有以有机微粒或者无机微粒的形式分散在树脂组合物中而得到的物质、以液状树脂或者以树脂单体的形式溶解在树脂组合物中而得到的物质。然而也存在即使为分散的物质其一部分也溶解在树脂组合物中、即使为溶解的物质其一部分也因聚合以外的原因而未溶解从而以微粒的形式存在的情况,所有均可使用。
例如可以使用反应性弹性体、Hiker CTBN改性环氧树脂、HikerCTB改性环氧树脂、聚氨酯改性环氧树脂、添加了丁腈橡胶的环氧树脂、添加了交联丙烯酸橡胶微粒的环氧树脂、有机硅改性环氧树脂、添加了热塑性弹性体的环氧树脂。
作为无机微粒填料,可以使用(例如)云母、氧化铝、滑石、微粉状二氧化硅、硅灰石、海泡石、碱性硫酸镁、碳酸钙、聚四氟乙烯粉末、锌末、铝粉。
作为有机微粒,可以使用(例如)热固性树脂微粒、热塑性树脂微粒或它们的混合物。
作为热固化性树脂微粒,可以列举(例如)环氧树脂微粒、酚醛树脂微粒、三聚氰胺树脂微粒、脲树脂微粒、有机硅树脂微粒、聚氨酯树脂微粒或它们的混合物等。
作为热塑性树脂微粒,可以列举(例如):共聚聚酯树脂微粒、聚酰亚胺树脂微粒、聚酰胺树脂微粒、丙烯酸系微粒、丁二烯-丙烯腈树脂微粒、苯乙烯系微粒、烯烃系微粒、尼龙系微粒、丁二烯/甲基丙烯酸烷基酯/苯乙烯共聚物、丙烯酸酯/甲基丙烯酸酯共聚物或它们的混合物。其中,丙烯酸系微粒由于在环氧树脂中的分散性良好,因此可优选使用。
作为丙烯酸系微粒的制法,有(1)单体的聚合、(2)聚合物的化学处理法、(3)聚合物的机械粉碎法等,而在(3)的方法中,无法得到微细的微粒且形状不定形,故不优选。
作为聚合法,例如有乳液聚合、无皂乳液聚合、分散聚合、种子聚合、悬浮聚合或将它们互相并用的方法,使用可得到粒径微细且具有一部分交联结构、核/壳结构、中空结构、极性结构(环氧基、羧基、羟基等)的微粒的乳液聚合、种子聚合。可优选使用由它们得到的一部分交联微粒、核/壳型微粒。
作为核/壳型微粒的市售的物质,可以列举:スタフィロイドAC3355(商品名、Ganz化成(株)制)、MX120(商品名、Kaneka公司制)等。
(D)韧性改进剂的配合比例相对于(A)化合物的苯并噁嗪树脂100质量份优选为1~30质量份,更优选为3~20质量份。
而且,可在不损伤苯并噁嗪树脂组合物的物理性质的范围内在其中配合(例如)纳米碳及阻燃剂、脱模剂等。
作为纳米碳,可以列举(例如):碳纳米管、富勒烯及各自的衍生物。
作为阻燃剂,可以列举(例如):红磷、磷酸三苯酯、磷酸三甲苯酯、磷酸三(二甲苯基)酯、磷酸甲酚二苯酯、磷酸(二甲苯基)二苯酯、间苯二酚双苯基磷酸酯、双酚A双二苯基磷酸酯等磷酸酯、硼酸酯等。
作为脱模剂,可以列举(例如):硅油、硬脂酸酯、巴西棕榈蜡等。
对苯并噁嗪树脂组合物的混炼方法没有特别限定。例如可使用捏合机或行星式混合机、双轴挤出机等。在使用阻燃剂或无机填充剂等粒子成分的情况下,从粒子的分散性的方面考虑,优选预先用均质器、3辊、球磨机、珠磨机及超声波等使粒子扩散于在苯并噁嗪树脂组合物中配合的液状树脂成分中。另外,在与基体树脂混合时或粒子的预扩散时等,也可以根据需要进行加热/冷却、加压/减压。从保存稳定性的观点考虑,混炼后优选迅速地在冷藏/冷冻库中保管。
从粘性及悬垂性的观点考虑,作为苯并噁嗪树脂组合物的粘度,在50℃下优选为10~3000Pa·s。更优选为10~2500Pa·s,最优选为100~2000Pa·s。不满10Pa·s时,由本发明的组合物的下沉引起的粘性的经时变化可能变大。另外,若超过3000Pa·s,则粘性可能变弱,另外,悬垂性也可能降低。
另外,优选玻璃纤维、碳纤维、石墨纤维、芳族聚酰胺纤维、硼纤维、氧化铝纤维、碳化硅纤维等作为强化纤维。也可以混合两种以上这些纤维进行使用,但为了得到更轻量且耐久性更高的成型品,优选使用碳纤维或石墨纤维。另外,可根据用途使用所有种类的碳纤维或石墨纤维,但从得到耐冲击性优异、具有高刚性及机械强度的复合材料的方面考虑,绞线拉伸试验中的拉伸弹性模量优选为150~650GPa,更优选为200~550GPa,进一步优选为230~500GPa。需要说明的是,绞线拉伸试验是指使下述组成的树脂含浸于束状的碳纤维并在130℃的温度下固化35分钟后,基于JISR7601(1986)进行的试验。
另外,对强化纤维的形态没有特别限定,例如使用沿一个方向拉齐的长纤维、亚麻短纤维、织物、垫子、针织品、线绳、切成不满10mm的长度的短纤维等。在此,所谓长纤维为实质上10mm以上连续的单纤维或者纤维束。所谓短纤维为切成不满10mm的长度的纤维束。另外,强化纤维束沿单一方向拉齐的排列最适于特别是要求比强度、比弹性模量高的用途,但处理容易的十字(织物)形的排列也适于本发明。
下面,对纤维强化树脂复合材料1的制造方法进行说明。
首先,准备形成外板部2的预浸材料4和增强部3。
预浸材料4为使上述的苯并噁嗪树脂组合物含浸于强化纤维中而成的材料。作为含浸的方法,可以列举:将苯并噁嗪树脂组合物溶解于甲基乙基酮、甲醇等溶剂中溶解以进行低粘度化并含浸的湿法、通过加热进行低粘度化并含浸的热熔法(干法)等。
湿法为将强化纤维浸渍在苯并噁嗪树脂组合物的溶液中,然后提起、并使用烘箱等使溶剂蒸发的方法,热熔法为使通过加热而低粘度化的苯并噁嗪树脂组合物直接含浸于强化纤维的方法、或制作暂时将苯并噁嗪树脂组合物涂敷在脱模纸等上的膜,然后,从强化纤维的两侧或单侧重叠所述膜并进行加热加压,由此使树脂含浸于强化纤维的方法。
在热熔法中,实质上完全没有残留在预浸料中的溶剂,故而优选。
预浸材料4每单位面积的强化纤维量优选为70~3000g/m2。强化纤维量不满70g/m2时,在纤维强化复合材料成型时为了得到规定的厚度,需要增加层压张数,作业会变得繁杂。另一方面,若强化纤维量超过3000g/m2,则存在预浸料的悬垂性变差的倾向。需要说明的是,若预浸材料4为平面或者简单的曲面,则强化纤维量也可以超过3000g/m2
另外,纤维重量百分含量优选为30~90质量%,更优选为35~85质量%,进一步优选为40~80质量%。纤维重量百分含量不满30质量%时,则有时树脂的量过多,无法获得比强度和比弹性模量优异的纤维强化复合材料的优点,或纤维强化复合材料成型时,固化时的发热量变得过大。若纤维重量百分含量超过90重量%,则有可能产生树脂的含浸不良,且获得的复合材料的孔隙较多。
预浸材料4准备结束后,进行外板部形成工序(简单形状部形成工序)。在外板部形成工序中,通过层压预浸材料4,形成外板部2。需要说明的是,在层压时,为了提高层压物的密合性,可以通过加热/加压来层压。另外,层压物也可以在设置于模具前或者设置于模具后通过压制成型法、热悬成型法、真空袋成型法来赋形。
接着,如图2所示,以成为增强部3的形状的方式用强化纤维33形成预制件34。形成预制件时,为了维持形状,可以使用热塑材料等(优选为与树脂中所使用的材料相同的成分)进行热熔合。另外,也可以使用3维织物等。
形成预制件后,实施增强部一体化工序(复杂形状部一体化工序)。在增强部一体化工序中,通过使用了阴阳型的对模成型法将预制件34连同外板部2一体形成。图3为表示增强部一体化工序的状态的示意图。如该图3所示,在用于形成纤维强化树脂复合材料1的模具5内设置外板部2和预制件34,向模具5内压送树脂。作为所压送的树脂,优选为上述的苯并噁嗪树脂组合物。该压送的树脂通过真空泵51向模具5外流出。然后,通过对模具5进行加热/加压,外板部2和预制件34中所压送的苯并噁嗪树脂组合物41固化而形成增强部3,与此同时将外板部2和增强部3一体化。
如上所述,根据本实施方式,由于是用同一成分的树脂(苯并噁嗪树脂组合物)形成外板部2和增强部3,所以在一体化后两者的接合面不会成为界面,可以抑制强度降低。
在此,在分别形成外板部2和增强部3的树脂的成分不同的情况且树脂相溶而无法观察到界面层的情况下,相溶部为何种树脂并不明确,在设计方面存在困难。另外,由于树脂的成分不同时线膨胀系数不同,因此这在固化后从模具中取出时成为在纤维强化树脂复合材料1上产生翘曲的主要原因。
然而,若如上所述由同一成分的树脂形成外板部2和增强部3,则可以指定相溶部的树脂并且也不会产生线膨胀系数的不同,因此,也可以防止上述的不良情况。此外,若用同一成分的树脂形成外板部2和增强部3,则可以用外板部2和增强部3获得相同的数据作为设计公差。
需要说明的是,本发明并不限定于上述实施方式,可适当变更。
例如在上述实施方式中,例示并说明了在增强部一体化工序中使用对模成型法的情况,但若可以将外板部2和增强部3一体化,也可以使用其它的成型法。作为对模成型法以外的成型法,可以列举(例如)真空树脂含浸法(VaRTM)。需要说明的是,若为对模成型法,则可以省略真空树脂含浸法中不可或缺的真空包装等辅助材料,可以削减辅助材料费及辅助材料废弃用的费用等。另外,关于尺寸精度,也比真空树脂含浸法优异。
另外,在上述实施方式中,例示并说明了层压多个预浸材料4而成的外板部2,但外板部2也可以由一张预浸材料4形成。
此外,在上述实施方式中,例示并说明了作为复杂形状部的纵梁等增强部3,但作为复杂形状部,也可以为要求与支架等简单形状部的接合强度的其它的部件。
实施例
下面,举出实施例对本发明具体地进行说明,但本发明并不限于这些实施例。
[实施例]
预浸材料4由苯并噁嗪树脂组合物(NF-34(商品名):JX日矿日石能源(株)公司制)形成为厚度0.14mm、宽度420mm、深度210mm的片状。预浸材料4内的强化纤维为碳纤维(T700G(商品名):东丽(株)公司制),FAW(Fiber Areal Weight)为150g/m2、RC25wt%。以碳纤维的方向各偏离45度的方式层压16张该预浸材料4并一体成型,由此形成外板部2。由此,外板部2的厚度为2.24mm。
在实施例中,为了将实验简化,增强部3使用与上述的形状不同的片状的材料。形成增强部3的基材为厚度0.68mm、宽度420mm、深度210mm的片状的四层织物NCF(Non Crimp Fabrics)。该四层织物NCF的强化纤维为碳纤维(T700G(商品名):东丽(株)公司制),FAW为692g/m2(每1层为173g/m2)。将其(四层织物NCF)在预浸材料4上层压3张并设置在模具内后,将苯并噁嗪树脂组合物(NF-34(商品名):JX日矿日石能源(株)公司制)向模具内压送,流出后,进行加热/加压成型并一体成型,由此形成作为实施例的纤维强化树脂复合材料1。
[比较例1]
比较例1将形成预浸材料4的树脂作为环氧树脂(Y24S31R150(商品编号):JX日矿日石能源(株)公司制),将形成增强部3的树脂作为环氧树脂(EPOLAM5015(商品名):Axson公司制),除此以外,与实施例条件相同。
[比较例2]
关于比较例2,将形成增强部3的树脂作为环氧树脂(PR520(商品名):Cvtec公司制),除此以外,与比较例1条件相同。
[比较方法]
对于实施例、比较例1、比较例2,通过依据ASTM标准D2344的方法测定层间剪切强度。另外,对于实施例、比较例1、比较例2,通过依据ASTM标准D6272的方法测定四点弯曲强度。
需要说明的是,对于仅外板部2,也通过上述方法测定层间剪切强度和四点弯曲强度并比较,该外板部2是以碳纤维的方向各偏离45度的方式层压32张实施例、比较例1、比较例2的各预浸材料4并一体成型而获得的。
[比较结果]
[表1]
Figure BDA0000483050680000191
比较结果在表1、图4及图5中示出。
在仅外板部2的结果中,层间剪切强度及四点弯曲强度在实施例、比较例1、比较例2中未发现较大的提高,但若在纤维强化树脂复合材料1整体中进行比较,则可知,相对于比较例1及比较例2,实施例的层间剪切强度及四点弯曲强度均大幅提高。
符号说明
1   纤维强化树脂复合材料
2   外板部(简单形状部)
3   增强部(复杂形状部)
4   预浸材料
5   模具
6   模具
31  底座部
32  肋
33  强化纤维
34  预制件
51  真空泵
61  苯并噁嗪树脂组合物

Claims (6)

1.一种纤维强化树脂复合材料,其特征在于,具有
简单形状部,该简单形状部由使树脂含浸在强化纤维中得到的至少一张片状的预浸材料构成,以及
复杂形状部,该复杂形状部相对于所述简单形状部一体形成且使树脂含浸在强化纤维中而得到,
所述预浸材料中所使用的树脂和所述复杂形状部中所使用的树脂为相同成分。
2.根据权利要求1所述的纤维强化树脂复合材料,其特征在于,
所述预浸材料中所使用的树脂和所述复杂形状部中所使用的树脂为苯并噁嗪树脂组合物。
3.根据权利要求2所述的纤维强化树脂复合材料,其特征在于,
所述苯并噁嗪树脂组合物含有分子中具有式(1)所示的苯并噁嗪环的化合物、环氧树脂、固化剂和韧性改进剂,
[化学式1]
Figure FDA0000483050670000011
式中,R1表示碳数1~12的链状烷基、碳数3~8的环状烷基、苯基或被碳数1~12的链状烷基或卤素取代的苯基,另外,氢原子与式中的芳香环的氧原子所键合的碳原子的邻位和对位的至少一者的碳原子键合。
4.一种纤维强化复合材料的制造方法,其特征在于,包括
形成简单形状部的简单形状部形成工序,所述简单形状部由使树脂含浸在强化纤维中得到的至少一张片状的预浸材料构成,以及
复杂形状部一体化工序,其中相对于所述简单形状部一体形成使树脂含浸在强化纤维中而得到的复杂形状部,
所述预浸材料中所使用的树脂和所述复杂形状部中所使用的树脂为相同的成分。
5.根据权利要求4所述的纤维强化树脂复合材料的制造方法,其特征在于,
所述预浸材料中所使用的树脂和所述复杂形状部中所使用的树脂为苯并噁嗪树脂组合物。
6.根据权利要求5所述的纤维强化树脂复合材料的制造方法,其特征在于,
所述苯并噁嗪树脂组合物含有分子中具有式(1)所示的苯并噁嗪环的化合物、环氧树脂、固化剂和韧性改进剂,
[化学式2]
Figure FDA0000483050670000021
式中,R1表示碳数1~12的链状烷基、碳数3~8的环状烷基、苯基或被碳数1~12的链状烷基或卤素取代的苯基,另外,氢原子与式中的芳香环的氧原子所键合的碳原子的邻位和对位的至少一者的碳原子键合。
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