CN103842864A - 偏振板的制造方法 - Google Patents

偏振板的制造方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103842864A
CN103842864A CN201280048420.6A CN201280048420A CN103842864A CN 103842864 A CN103842864 A CN 103842864A CN 201280048420 A CN201280048420 A CN 201280048420A CN 103842864 A CN103842864 A CN 103842864A
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Prior art keywords
roller
doubling roller
polarization plates
hyaline membrane
polarizing coating
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CN201280048420.6A
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CN103842864B (zh
Inventor
古川淳
广岩梓
清水英满
芹川祐二
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Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd
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Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29DPRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
    • B29D11/00Producing optical elements, e.g. lenses or prisms
    • B29D11/0073Optical laminates
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1429Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1435Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface at least passing through one of the parts to be joined, i.e. transmission welding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1429Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1464Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface making use of several radiators
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1477Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation making use of an absorber or impact modifier
    • B29C65/1483Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation making use of an absorber or impact modifier coated on the article
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/48Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/4805Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
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    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/52Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the way of applying the adhesive
    • B29C65/524Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the way of applying the adhesive by applying the adhesive from an outlet device in contact with, or almost in contact with, the surface of the part to be joined
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/52Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the way of applying the adhesive
    • B29C65/526Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the way of applying the adhesive by printing or by transfer from the surfaces of elements carrying the adhesive, e.g. using brushes, pads, rollers, stencils or silk screens
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/006Preventing damaging, e.g. of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/0062Preventing damaging, e.g. of the parts to be joined of the joining tool, e.g. avoiding wear of the joining tool
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/45Joining of substantially the whole surface of the articles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/712General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined the composition of one of the parts to be joined being different from the composition of the other part
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/733General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, e.g. fluorescence, phosphorescence
    • B29C66/7336General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, e.g. fluorescence, phosphorescence at least one of the parts to be joined being opaque, transparent or translucent to visible light
    • B29C66/73365General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, e.g. fluorescence, phosphorescence at least one of the parts to be joined being opaque, transparent or translucent to visible light at least one of the parts to be joined being transparent or translucent to visible light
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/733General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, e.g. fluorescence, phosphorescence
    • B29C66/7336General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, e.g. fluorescence, phosphorescence at least one of the parts to be joined being opaque, transparent or translucent to visible light
    • B29C66/73365General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, e.g. fluorescence, phosphorescence at least one of the parts to be joined being opaque, transparent or translucent to visible light at least one of the parts to be joined being transparent or translucent to visible light
    • B29C66/73366General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, e.g. fluorescence, phosphorescence at least one of the parts to be joined being opaque, transparent or translucent to visible light at least one of the parts to be joined being transparent or translucent to visible light both parts to be joined being transparent or translucent to visible light
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    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
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    • B29C66/733General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, e.g. fluorescence, phosphorescence
    • B29C66/7338General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, e.g. fluorescence, phosphorescence at least one of the parts to be joined being polarising
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    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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    • B29C66/81General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
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    • B29C66/8141General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
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Abstract

本发明提供一种偏振板的制造方法,其特征在于,所述偏振板是在偏振膜(1)的单面或两面贴合透明膜(2、3)而成的,所述偏振板的制造方法具备以下工序:粘合剂涂敷工序;贴合工序,在将隔着上述粘合剂在上述偏振膜(1)的单面或两面层叠上述透明膜(2、3)而成的层叠体(4)夹持在沿运送方向旋转的一对贴合辊(51、52)之间的状态下,利用与上述贴合辊(51、52)接触设置的至少1个挤压辊(61、62),将至少一个贴合辊(51、52)向另一个贴合辊的方向挤压,由此使上述透明膜(2、3)与上述偏振膜(1)贴合;以及活性能量射线照射工序,对上述层叠体(4)照射活性能量射线而使上述粘合剂固化,其中,上述挤压辊(61、62)的中央部的直径大于与该挤压辊接触的上述贴合辊(51、52)的中央部的直径。

Description

偏振板的制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及作为构成液晶显示装置等的光学构件之一而有用的偏振板的制造方法。
背景技术
偏振膜作为使二向色性色素吸附于聚乙烯醇系树脂膜并进行取向的膜而被广泛使用,已知有以碘作为二向色性色素的碘系偏振膜、以二向色性直接染料作为二向色性色素的染料系偏振膜等。通常在这些偏振膜的单面或两面隔着粘合剂贴合三乙酰纤维素膜等透明膜而制成偏振板。
作为在偏振膜的单面或两面层叠透明膜的方法,有如下的方法:预先在透明膜的表面涂布活性能量射线固化型树脂后,以一对夹持辊(贴合辊)夹压偏振膜和透明膜而使这两者贴合,接着,照射活性能量射线使其粘接固化(专利文献1:日本特开2004-245925号公报、专利文献2:日本特开2009-134190号公报、专利文献3:日本特开2011-95560号公报)。
然而,如图5(a)和(b)所示,利用贴合辊51、52的层叠体(偏振膜及透明膜)的夹压通常通过以油压、气压、螺钉等挤压一个贴合辊51的两端的轴承而进行(图5(b)的箭头),因此有时使贴合辊51的中央附近弯曲、导致层叠体(偏振膜及透明膜)受到不均匀加压。在受到不均匀加压的情况下,在所得到的偏振板中出现在各膜间产生气泡或者使各膜间的密合性变差的问题。另外,还存在运送的流动性变差、容易产生制造工序中的故障等问题。予以说明,这样的现象是在需要对层叠体施加高压力时产生的现象。使用活性能量射线固化型树脂作为粘合剂的情况与使用其他聚乙烯醇系树脂等作为粘合剂的情况相比,由于粘度较高,因此需要对层叠体施加高压力。
因此,为了使挤压时的贴合辊不易发生弯曲,以往通常使用具有大于300mm左右的直径的辊作为贴合辊。但是,由于贴合辊的直径越大,贴合辊与层叠体的接触面积越大,因此,在对贴合辊施加的外力一定的情况下,对层叠体施加的单位面积的压力就会变小。因此,在需要对层叠体施加高压力的情况下,理想的是尽量减小贴合辊的直径。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开2004-245925号公报
专利文献2:日本特开2009-134190号公报
专利文献3:日本特开2011-95560号公报
发明内容
发明要解决的问题
本发明的目的在于,提供即使在使用较小直径的贴合辊的情况下也能够对构成偏振板的层叠体(偏振膜及透明膜)进行均匀加压的偏振板的制造方法及偏振板的制造装置。
用于解决课题的手段
本发明为一种偏振板的制造方法,其特征在于,所述偏振板是在偏振膜的单面或两面贴合透明膜而成的,该偏振板的制造方法具备以下工序:
粘合剂涂敷工序,在上述透明膜的单面、或者上述偏振膜的单面或两面涂布活性能量射线固化型的粘合剂;
贴合工序,在将隔着上述粘合剂在上述偏振膜的单面或两面层叠上述透明膜而成的层叠体夹持在沿运送方向旋转的一对贴合辊之间的状态下,利用与上述贴合辊接触设置的至少1个挤压辊,将至少一个贴合辊向另一个贴合辊的方向挤压,由此使上述透明膜与上述偏振膜贴合;以及
活性能量射线照射工序,对上述层叠体照射活性能量射线而使上述粘合剂固化,
其中,上述挤压辊的中央部的直径大于与该挤压辊接触的上述贴合辊的中央部的直径。
上述一对贴合辊优选被分别独立地驱动。另外,上述一对贴合辊和上述挤压辊优选为直径实质上均匀的平辊。
另外,本发明还涉及一种偏振板的制造装置,其特征在于,所述偏振板是在偏振膜的单面或两面贴合透明膜而成的,该偏振板的制造装置具备:
粘合剂涂敷装置,用于在上述透明膜的单面、或者上述偏振膜的单面或两面涂布活性能量射线固化型的粘合剂;
一对贴合辊,用于通过将隔着上述粘合剂在上述偏振膜的单面或两面层叠上述透明膜而成的层叠体一边运送一边夹压,由此使上述透明膜与上述偏振膜贴合;
与上述贴合辊接触设置的至少1个挤压辊,用于将上述一对贴合辊中的至少一个贴合辊向另一个贴合辊的方向挤压;以及
活性能量射线照射装置,用于对上述层叠体照射活性能量射线而使上述粘合剂固化,
其中,上述挤压辊的中央部的直径大于与该挤压辊接触的上述贴合辊的中央部的直径。
发明效果
根据本发明,可以提供即使在使用较小直径的贴合辊的情况下也能够对构成偏振板的层叠体(偏振膜及透明膜)进行均匀加压的偏振板的制造方法及偏振板的制造装置。
另外,根据本发明,可以获得使各膜间产生气泡或各膜间的密合性变差的情况得到抑制的偏振板。此外,使得由运送的流动性变差等导致的制造工序中故障的发生也得到抑制。
附图说明
图1为表示本发明的偏振板的制造装置的一个实施方式的示意性侧视图。
图2为表示本发明中使用的贴合辊及挤压辊的一个实施方式的示意性侧视图。
图3为表示与图2所示的贴合辊及挤压辊的一个实施方式有关的示意性正视图。
图4为表示本发明的偏振板的制造装置的其他实施方式的示意性侧视图。
图5为用于说明以往的偏振板的制造方法的示意图。
具体实施方式
(偏振膜)
本发明的偏振板中使用的偏振膜具体为使二向色性色素吸附于经过单轴拉伸的聚乙烯醇系树脂膜并进行取向后的膜。聚乙烯醇系树脂通过使聚乙酸乙烯酯系树脂皂化而得。作为聚乙酸乙烯酯系树脂,除了作为乙酸乙烯酯的均聚物的聚乙酸乙烯酯之外,还可以举出乙酸乙烯酯和能够与其共聚的其他单体的共聚物(例如乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物)等。作为能够与乙酸乙烯酯共聚的其他单体,还可以举出不饱和羧酸类、烯烃类、乙烯醚类、不饱和磺酸类、具有铵基的丙烯酰胺类等。聚乙烯醇系树脂的皂化度为85摩尔%以上,优选90摩尔%以上,更优选98~100摩尔%。聚乙烯醇系树脂的平均聚合度通常为1000~10000,优选1500~5000。可以对这些聚乙烯醇系树脂进行改性,例如也可使用经醛类改性后的聚乙烯醇缩甲醛、聚乙烯醇缩乙醛、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛等。
以此种聚乙烯醇系树脂制得的膜可以作为偏振膜的原材膜使用。聚乙烯醇系树脂的制膜方法没有特别限定,可以采用以往公知的适宜的方法制膜。由聚乙烯醇系树脂形成的原材膜的膜厚虽然没有特别限定,但例如为10~150μm左右。通常以辊状供给,厚度在20~100μm的范围内,优选30~80μm的范围内,另外,工业上实用的宽度在1500~6000mm的范围内。
市售的聚乙烯醇系膜(vinylon VF-PS#7500、可乐丽制/OPLfilm M-7500、日本合成制)的原材厚度有75μm;(vinylon VF-PS#6000、可乐丽制、vinylonVF-PE#6000、可乐丽制)的原材厚度有60μm等。
偏振膜通常经过以下工序制造:以二向色性色素对聚乙烯醇系树脂膜染色而使其吸附二向色性色素的工序(染色处理工序);以硼酸水溶液对吸附有二向色性色素的聚乙烯醇系树脂膜进行处理的工序(硼酸处理工序);以及在利用该硼酸水溶液的处理后进行水洗的工序(水洗处理工序)。
另外,在制造偏振膜时,通常对聚乙烯醇系树脂膜进行单轴拉伸,该单轴拉伸可以在染色处理工序之前进行,也可以在染色处理工序中进行,还可以在染色处理工序之后进行。在染色处理工序之后进行单轴拉伸的情况下,该单轴拉伸可以在硼酸处理工序之前进行,也可以在硼酸处理工序中进行。当然,也可以在以上的多个阶段中进行单轴拉伸。
单轴拉伸可以在圆周速度不同的辊之间沿单轴拉伸,也可以使用热辊沿单轴拉伸。另外,可以是在大气中进行拉伸的干式拉伸,也可以是在溶剂中以溶胀状态进行拉伸的湿式拉伸。拉伸倍率通常为3~8倍左右。
染色处理工序中利用二向色性色素对聚乙烯醇系树脂膜的染色,例如通过使聚乙烯醇系树脂膜浸渍在含有二向色性色素的水溶液中而进行。作为二向色性色素,使用的是例如碘、二向色性染料等。二向色性染料包括例如:包含C.I.DIRECT RED39等双偶氮化合物的二向色性直接染料;包含三偶氮、四偶氮等化合物的二向色性直接染料。另外,聚乙烯醇系树脂膜优选在染色处理之前预先实施在水中的浸渍处理。
在使用碘作为二向色性色素的情况下,通常采用将聚乙烯醇系树脂膜浸渍在含有碘和碘化钾的水溶液中进行染色的方法。该水溶液中的碘的含量通常相对于水100重量份为0.01~1重量份,碘化钾的含量通常相对于水100重量份为0.5~20重量份。在使用碘作为二向色性色素的情况下,染色中使用的水溶液的温度通常为20~40℃,在该水溶液中的浸渍时间(染色时间)通常为20~1800秒。
另一方面,在使用二向色性染料作为二向色性色素的情况下,通常采用使聚乙烯醇系树脂膜浸渍在含有水溶液二向色性染料的水溶液中进行染色的方法。该水溶液中的二向色性染料的含量通常相对于水100重量份为1×10-4~10重量份,优选1×10-3~1重量份,特别优选1×10-3~1×10-2重量份。该水溶液可以含有硫酸钠等无机盐作为染色助剂。在使用二向色性染料作为二向色性色素的情况下,染色中使用的染料水溶液的温度通常为20~80℃,另外,在该水溶液中的浸渍时间(染色时间)通常为10~1800秒。
硼酸处理工序通过将被二向色性色素染色后的聚乙烯醇系树脂膜浸渍在含有硼酸的水溶液中而进行。含有硼酸的水溶液中的硼酸的量相对于水100重量份通常为2~15重量份,优选5~12重量份。在使用碘作为上述染色处理工序中的二向色性色素的情况下,在该硼酸处理工序中使用的含有硼酸的水溶液优选含有碘化钾。这种情况下,含有硼酸的水溶液中的碘化钾的量相对于水100重量份通常为0.1~15重量份,优选5~12重量份。在含有硼酸的水溶液中的浸渍时间通常为60~1200秒,优选150~600秒,更优选200~400秒。含有硼酸的水溶液的温度通常为40℃以上,优选50~85℃,更优选55~80℃。
在后续的水洗处理工序中,通过将上述硼酸处理后的聚乙烯醇系树脂膜浸渍在例如水中来进行水洗处理。水洗处理中的水的温度通常为4~40℃,浸渍时间通常为1~120秒。水洗处理后,通常实施干燥处理,得到偏振膜。干燥处理适宜使用例如热风干燥机、远红外线加热器等而进行。干燥处理的温度通常为30~100℃,优选50~80℃。干燥处理的时间通常为60~600秒,优选120~600秒。
如此对聚乙烯醇系树脂膜实施单轴拉伸、利用二向色性色素的染色、硼酸处理及水洗处理,从而得到偏振膜。该偏振膜的厚度通常在5~50μm的范围内。
(透明膜)
本发明中,在上述偏振膜的单面或两面贴合有透明膜。在偏振膜的两面贴合透明膜的情况下,各透明膜可以是相同的膜,也可以是不同种类的膜。
作为构成透明膜的材料,可以举出例如环烯烃系树脂、乙酸纤维素系树脂、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯之类的聚酯系树脂、聚碳酸酯系树脂、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)等之类的丙烯酸系树脂、聚丙烯等之类的烯烃系树脂等在该领域中一直以来被广泛使用的膜材料。
环烯烃系树脂是指例如具有包含降冰片烯、多环降冰片烯系单体之类的环状烯烃(环烯烃)的单体单元的热塑性树脂(也称为热塑性环烯烃系树脂)。环烯烃系树脂可以是上述环烯烃的开环聚合物或使用了2种以上的环烯烃的开环共聚物的加氢物,也可以是环烯烃与链状烯烃、具有乙烯基的芳香族化合物等的加聚物。另外,导入极性基团的环烯烃系树脂也有效。
在使用环烯烃与链状烯烃或/和具有乙烯基的芳香族化合物的共聚物的情况下,作为链状烯烃,可以举出乙烯、丙烯等,另外,作为具有乙烯基的芳香族化合物,可以举出苯乙烯、α-甲基苯乙烯、核烷基取代苯乙烯等。在这样的共聚物中,包含环烯烃的单体单元可以为50摩尔%以下(优选15~50摩尔%)。尤其在使用环烯烃、链状烯烃和具有乙烯基的芳香族化合物的三元共聚物的情况下,包含环烯烃的单体单元可以像上述那样设定为较少的量。在所述三元共聚物中,包含链状烯烃的单体单元通常为5~80摩尔%,包含具有乙烯基的芳香族化合物的单体单元通常为5~80摩尔%。
环烯烃系树脂可以适当使用适宜的市售品,例如Topas(Ticona公司制)、Arton(JSR(株)制)、ZEONOR(日本Zeon(株)制)、ZEONEX(日本Zeon(株)制)、Apel(三井化学(株)制)、OXIS(大仓工业公司制)等。在将这样的环烯烃系树脂制成膜时,可适宜使用溶剂浇注法、熔融挤出法等公知的方法。另外,也可以使用例如Escena(积水化学工业(株)制)、SCA40(积水化学工业(株)制)、ZEONOR film((株)Optes制)等预先制膜的环烯烃系树脂制膜的市售品。
环烯烃系树脂膜可以是单轴拉伸或双轴拉伸的膜。通过拉伸,可以对环烯烃系树脂膜赋予任意的相位差值。通常一边将膜卷解卷一边连续进行拉伸,在加热炉中向辊的行进方向(膜的长度方向)、与该行进方向垂直的方向(膜的宽度方向)、或这两个方向进行拉伸。加热炉的温度通常采用从环烯烃系树脂的玻璃化转变温度附近到玻璃化转变温度+100℃的范围。拉伸的倍率通常为1.1~6倍,优选1.1~3.5倍。
若环烯烃系树脂膜处于辊形卷的状态,则存在膜彼此粘接而容易产生粘连的倾向,因此,通常在贴合保护膜后制成辊形卷。另外,由于环烯烃系树脂膜通常表面活性差,因此优选对与偏振膜粘接的表面进行等离子体处理、电晕处理、紫外线照射处理、火焰处理、皂化处理等表面改性处理。其中,优选能够较容易实施的等离子体处理尤其是大气压等离子体处理、电晕处理。
乙酸纤维素系树脂为纤维素的部分酯化物或完全酯化物,可以举出例如包含纤维素的乙酸酯、丙酸酯、丁酸酯、它们的混合酯等的膜。更具体来说,可以举出三乙酰纤维素膜、二乙酰纤维素膜、纤维素乙酸酯丙酸酯膜、纤维素乙酸酯丁酸酯膜等。作为这样的纤维素酯系树脂膜,可以适当使用适宜的市售品,例如Fujitac TD80(富士胶片(株)制)、Fujitac TD80UF(富士胶片(株)制)、Fujitac TD80UZ(富士胶片(株)制)、KC8UX2M(Konica Minolta Opto(株)制)、KC8UY(Konica Minolta Opto(株)制)、Fujitac TD60UL(富士胶片(株)制)、KC4UYW(Konica Minolta Opto(株)制)、KC6UAW(Konica Minolta Opto(株)制)等。
另外,作为透明膜,也可以适当使用赋予了相位差特性的乙酸纤维素系树脂膜。作为这种赋予相位差特性的乙酸纤维素系树脂膜的市售品,可以举出WV BZ438(富士胶片(株)制)、KC4FR-1(Konica Minolta Opto(株)制)、KC4CR-1(Konica Minolta Opto(株)制)、KC4AR-1(KonicaMinolta Opto(株)制)等。乙酸纤维素也可称为乙酰纤维素、纤维素乙酸酯。
这些乙酸纤维素系树脂膜容易吸水,偏振板的水分率有时会产生使偏振板的端部松弛的影响。偏振板制造时的水分率越接近偏振板的保管环境、例如洁净室的生产线、辊形卷保管仓库的平衡水分率,越优选,虽然还取决于层叠膜的构成,但是例如为2.0~3.5%左右,更优选2.5%~3.0%。由于该偏振板的水分率的数值为利用干燥重量法测定的数值,故为105℃/120分钟后的重量变化。
在本发明的偏振板中使用的透明膜的厚度虽然越薄越优选,但如果过薄,则强度降低,成为加工性差的膜。另一方面,如果过厚,则产生透明性降低或层叠后所需的保养时间变长等问题。因此,透明膜的适当的厚度为例如5~200μm,优选10~150μm,更优选10~100μm。
为了提高粘合剂与偏振膜和/或透明膜的粘接性,可以对偏振膜和/或透明膜实施电晕处理、火焰处理、等离子体处理、紫外线处理、底涂剂涂布处理、皂化处理等表面改性处理。
另外,可以对透明膜分别单独地或2种以上组合地实施防眩处理、防反射处理、硬涂层处理、防静电处理、防污处理等表面处理。另外,透明膜和/或透明膜表面保护层可以含有二苯甲酮系化合物、苯并三唑系化合物等紫外线吸收剂、苯基磷酸酯系化合物、邻苯二甲酸酯化合物等增塑剂。
此外,可以使透明膜具有作为相位差膜的功能、作为亮度提升膜的功能、作为反射膜的功能、作为半透射反射膜的功能、作为扩散膜的功能、作为光学补偿膜的功能等光学功能。这种情况下,例如通过在透明膜的表面层叠相位差膜、亮度提升膜、反射膜、半透射反射膜、扩散膜、光学补偿膜等光学功能性膜,从而除了能够使其具有此类功能之外,还可以对透明膜本身赋予此类功能。另外,也可以像具有亮度提升膜的功能的扩散膜等那样使透明膜具有多种功能。
例如,通过对上述透明膜实施专利第2841377号公报、专利第3094113号公报等中记载的拉伸处理、或实施专利第3168850号公报中记载的处理,从而可以赋予作为相位差膜的功能。相位差膜中的相位差特性可适宜选择例如正面相位差值为5~100nm、厚度方向相位差值为40~300nm的范围等。另外,通过利用如日本特开2002-169025号公报、日本特开2003-29030号公报中记载的方法在上述透明膜上形成微细孔、或者在上述透明膜上重叠选择反射的中心波长不同的2层以上的胆甾醇型液晶层,从而能够赋予作为亮度提升膜的功能。
只要利用蒸镀、溅镀等在上述透明膜上形成金属薄膜,即可赋予作为反射膜或半透射反射膜的功能。通过在上述透明膜上涂布含有微粒的树脂溶液,从而可以赋予作为扩散膜的功能。另外,通过在上述透明膜上涂布盘状液晶性化合物等液晶性化合物并使其进行取向,从而可以赋予作为光学补偿膜的功能。另外,也可以使透明膜中含有体现出相位差的化合物。进而,还可以使用适当的粘合剂而将各种光学功能性膜直接贴合到偏振膜上。作为光学功能性膜的市售品,可以举出例如DBEF(3M公司制,在日本可以从住友3M(株)购得)等亮度提升膜、WV film(富士胶片(株)制)等视角改善膜、Arton film(JSR(株)制)、ZEONOR film((株)Optes制)、Escena(积水化学工业(株)制)、VA-TAC(Konica MinoltaOpto(株)制)、Sumika Light(住友化学(株)制)等相位差膜等。
(活性能量射线固化型粘合剂)
偏振膜和透明膜隔着活性能量射线固化型的粘合剂而贴合。作为活性能量射线固化型的粘合剂,从耐候性、折射率、阳离子聚合性等观点出发,可以举出由含有通过活性能量射线的照射而固化的环氧树脂的环氧系树脂组合物形成的粘合剂。但是,并不仅限于此,也可采用一直以来在偏振板的制造中使用的各种活性能量射线固化型的粘合剂(有机溶剂系粘合剂、热熔系粘合剂、无溶剂型粘合剂等)。作为活性能量射线固化型的粘合剂,可以举出例如由丙烯酰胺、丙烯酸酯、氨基甲酸酯丙烯酸酯、环氧丙烯酸酯等丙烯酸系树脂组合物形成的粘合剂。
环氧树脂是指分子内具有2个以上的环氧基的化合物。从耐候性、折射率、阳离子聚合性等观点出发,作为粘合剂的固化性环氧树脂组合物中含有的环氧树脂优选为分子内不含有芳香环的环氧树脂(例如参照专利文献1)。作为这样的环氧树脂,可以例示出氢化环氧树脂、脂环式环氧树脂、脂肪族环氧树脂等。
氢化环氧树脂可以通过以下方法得到:使作为芳香族环氧树脂的原料的多羟基化合物在催化剂的存在下、在加压下选择性地发生核氢化反应,并对所得到的核氢化多羟基化合物进行缩水甘油醚化。作为芳香族环氧树脂,可以举出例如:双酚A的二缩水甘油醚、双酚F的二缩水甘油醚和双酚S的二缩水甘油醚等双酚型环氧树脂;苯酚酚醛环氧树脂、甲酚酚醛环氧树脂和羟基苯甲醛苯酚酚醛环氧树脂等酚醛型环氧树脂;四羟基苯基甲烷的缩水甘油醚、四羟基二苯甲酮的缩水甘油醚和环氧化聚乙烯基苯酚等多官能型环氧树脂等。在氢化环氧树脂中,优选氢化双酚A的缩水甘油醚。
脂环式环氧树脂是指分子内具有1个以上与脂环式环键合的环氧基的环氧树脂。“与脂环式环键合的环氧基”是指下式所示的结构中桥接的氧原子-O-。下式中,m为2~5的整数。
Figure BDA0000485495160000101
将上述式的(CH2)m中的1个或多个氢原子去除后的形式的基团与其他化学结构键合的化合物可以成为脂环式环氧树脂。(CH2)m中的1个或多个氢原子也可以适宜被甲基、乙基等直链状烷基取代。在脂环式环氧树脂中,具有氧杂二环己烷环(上述式中m=3的化合物)、氧杂二环庚烷环(上述式中m=4的化合物)的环氧树脂因表现出优异的粘接性而优选使用。以下具体例示出优选使用的脂环式环氧树脂,但并不仅限于这些化合物。
(a)下式(I)所示的环氧环己烷甲酸环氧环己基甲酯类:
Figure BDA0000485495160000111
(式中,R1和R2相互独立地表示氢原子或碳数1~5的直链状烷基)。
(b)下式(II)所示的烷二醇的环氧环己烷甲酸酯类:
Figure BDA0000485495160000112
(式中,R3和R4相互独立地表示氢原子或碳数1~5的直链状烷基,n表示2~20的整数)。
(c)下式(III)所示的二羧酸的环氧环己基甲酯类:
Figure BDA0000485495160000113
(式中,R5和R6相互独立地表示氢原子或碳数1~5的直链状烷基,p表示2~20的整数)。
(d)下式(IV)所示的聚乙二醇的环氧环己基甲基醚类:
Figure BDA0000485495160000114
(式中,R7和R8相互独立地表示氢原子或碳数1~5的直链状烷基,q表示2~10的整数)。
(e)下式(V)所示的烷二醇的环氧环己基甲基醚类:
Figure BDA0000485495160000121
(式中,R9和R10相互独立地表示氢原子或碳数1~5的直链状烷基,r表示2~20的整数)。
(f)下式(VI)所示的二环氧三螺化合物:
Figure BDA0000485495160000122
(式中,R11和R12相互独立地表示氢原子或碳数1~5的直链状烷基)。
(g)下式(VII)所示的二环氧单螺化合物:
(式中,R13和R14相互独立地表示氢原子或碳数1~5的直链状烷基)。
(h)下式(VIII)所示的乙烯基环己烯二环氧化物类:
Figure BDA0000485495160000124
(式中,R15表示氢原子或碳数1~5的直链状烷基)。
(i)下式(IX)所示的环氧环戊基醚类:
(式中,R16和R17相互独立地表示氢原子或碳数1~5的直链状烷基)。
(j)下式(X)所示的二环氧三环癸烷类:
Figure BDA0000485495160000131
(式中,R18表示氢原子或碳数1~5的直链状烷基)。
在上述例示的脂环式环氧树脂中,出于可以在市面上购得或其类似物较容易购得等理由,更优选使用以下的脂环式环氧树脂。
(A)7-氧杂二环[4.1.0]庚烷-3-甲酸与(7-氧杂-二环[4.1.0]庚-3-基)甲醇的酯化物[式(I)中,R1=R2=H的化合物]、
(B)4-甲基-7-氧杂二环[4.1.0]庚烷-3-甲酸与(4-甲基-7-氧杂-二环[4.1.0]庚-3-基)甲醇的酯化物[式(I)中,R1=4-CH3、R2=4-CH3的化合物]、
(C)7-氧杂二环[4.1.0]庚烷-3-甲酸与1,2-乙二醇的酯化物[式(II)中,R3=R4=H、n=2的化合物]、
(D)(7-氧杂二环[4.1.0]庚-3-基)甲醇与己二酸的酯化物[式(III)中,R5=R6=H、p=4的化合物]、
(E)(4-甲基-7-氧杂二环[4.1.0]庚-3-基)甲醇与己二酸的酯化物[式(III)中,R5=4-CH3、R6=4-CH3、p=4的化合物]、
(F)(7-氧杂二环[4.1.0]庚-3-基)甲醇与1,2-乙二醇的醚化物[式(V)中,R9=R10=H、r=2的化合物]。
另外,作为脂肪族环氧树脂,可以举出脂肪族多元醇或其环氧烷加成物的多缩水甘油醚。更具体来说,可以举出通过对1,4-丁二醇的二缩水甘油醚、1,6-己二醇的二缩水甘油醚、丙三醇的三缩水甘油醚、三羟甲基丙烷的三缩水甘油醚、聚乙二醇的二缩水甘油醚、丙二醇的二缩水甘油醚、乙二醇、丙二醇和丙三醇等脂肪族多元醇加成1种或2种以上的环氧烷(环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷)而得到的聚醚多元醇的多缩水甘油醚等。
构成由环氧系树脂组合物形成的粘合剂的环氧树脂可以只单独使用1种,也可以并用2种以上。在该组合物中使用的环氧树脂的环氧当量通常为30~3,000g/当量,优选50~1,500g/当量的范围内。若环氧当量低于30g/当量,则有可能使固化后的复合偏振板的挠性降低或者粘接强度降低。另一方面,若环氧当量超过3,000g/当量,则有可能使与粘合剂中含有的其他成分的相容性降低。
在该粘合剂中,从反应性的观点出发,作为环氧树脂的固化反应,优选使用阳离子聚合。因此,优选在作为活性能量射线固化型的粘合剂的固化性环氧树脂组合物中配合阳离子聚合引发剂。通过对阳离子聚合引发剂照射可见光线、紫外线、X射线、电子束等活性能量射线而使其产生阳离子种或路易氏酸,引发环氧基的聚合反应。以下,将通过活性能量射线的照射而产生阳离子种或路易氏酸、并引发环氧基的聚合反应的阳离子聚合引发剂称为“光阳离子聚合引发剂”。
使用光阳离子聚合引发剂并利用活性能量射线的照射而进行粘合剂的固化的方法可以在常温下进行固化,需要考虑偏振膜的耐热性或由膨胀所致的变形的必要性减小,可使膜之间良好地粘接,在这点上有利。另外,由于光阳离子聚合引发剂利用光进行催化作用,所以即使将其混合在环氧树脂中,保存稳定性和操作性也优异。
作为光阳离子聚合引发剂,可以举出例如:芳香族重氮盐;芳香族碘鎓盐、芳香族硫鎓盐等鎓盐;铁-丙二烯络化物等。
作为芳香族重氮盐,可以举出例如苯重氮六氟锑酸盐、苯重氮六氟磷酸盐、苯重氮六氟硼酸盐等。另外,作为芳香族碘鎓盐,可以举出例如二苯基碘鎓四(五氟苯基)硼酸盐、二苯基碘鎓六氟磷酸盐、二苯基碘鎓六氟锑酸盐、二(4-壬基苯基)碘鎓六氟磷酸盐等。
作为芳香族硫鎓盐,可以举出例如三苯基硫鎓六氟磷酸盐、三苯基硫鎓六氟锑酸盐、三苯基硫鎓四(五氟苯基)硼酸盐、4,4’-双(二苯基硫鎓)二苯基硫醚双(六氟磷酸盐)、4,4’-双[二(β-羟基乙氧基)苯基硫鎓]二苯基硫醚双(六氟锑酸盐)、4,4’-双[二(β-羟基乙氧基)苯基硫鎓]二苯基硫醚双(六氟磷酸盐)、7-[二(对甲苯基)硫鎓]-2-异丙基噻吨酮六氟锑酸盐、7-[二(对甲苯基)硫鎓]-2-异丙基噻吨酮四(五氟苯基)硼酸盐、4-苯基羰基-4’-二苯基硫鎓-二苯基硫醚六氟磷酸盐、4-(对叔丁基苯基羰基)-4’-二苯基硫鎓-二苯基硫醚六氟锑酸盐、4-(对叔丁基苯基羰基)-4’-二(对甲苯基)硫鎓-二苯基硫醚四(五氟苯基)硼酸盐等。
另外,作为铁-丙二烯络化物,可以举出例如二甲苯-环戊二烯基铁(II)六氟锑酸盐、异丙基苯-环戊二烯基铁(II)六氟磷酸盐、二甲苯-环戊二烯基铁(II)-三(三氟甲基磺酰基)甲烷化物等。
这些光阳离子聚合引发剂的市售品可以容易地购得,例如按照各个商品名可以举出:“Kayarad PCI-220”和“Kayarad PCI-620”(以上为日本化药(株)制);“UVI-6990”(Union Carbide公司制);“Adeka OptomerSP-150”和“Adeka Optomer SP-170”(以上为(株)ADEKA制);“CI-5102”、“CIT-1370”、“CIT-1682”、“CIP-1866S”、“CIP-2048S”和“CIP-2064S”(以上为日本曹达(株)制);“DPI-101”、“DPI-102”、“DPI-103”、“DPI-105”、“MPI-103”、“MPI-105”、“BBI-101”、“BBI-102”、“BBI-103”、“BBI-105”、“TPS-101”、“TPS-102”、“TPS-103”、“TPS-105”、“MDS-103”、“MDS-105”、“DTS-102”和“DTS-103”(以上为Midori Kagaku Co.,Ltd.制);“PI-2074”(Rhodia公司制)等。
光阳离子聚合引发剂可以只单独使用1种,也可以混合使用2种以上。其中,芳香族硫鎓盐即使在300nm以上的波长范围也具有紫外线吸收特性,因此固化性优异并且可以形成具有良好的机械强度和粘接强度的固化物,因而优选使用。
相对于环氧树脂100重量份,光阳离子聚合引发剂的配合量通常为0.5~20重量份,优选1重量份以上且优选15重量份以下。若光阳离子聚合引发剂的配合量相对于环氧树脂100重量份低于0.5重量份,则存在固化不充分、机械强度和粘接强度降低的倾向。另外,若光阳离子聚合引发剂的配合量相对于环氧树脂100重量份超过20重量份,则有可能因固化物中的离子性物质增加而使固化物的吸湿性升高、耐久性能降低。
在使用光阳离子聚合引发剂的情况下,固化性环氧树脂组合物可以根据需要进一步含有光敏剂。通过使用光敏剂,可以提高阳离子聚合的反应性,并且可以提高固化物的机械强度和粘接强度。作为光敏剂,可以举出例如羰基化合物、有机硫化合物、过硫化物、氧化还原系化合物、偶氮及重氮化合物、卤素化合物、光还原性色素等。
若列举光敏剂的更具体的例子,则例如有:苯偶姻甲基醚、苯偶姻异丙基醚和α,α-二甲氧基-α-苯基苯乙酮等苯偶姻衍生物;二苯甲酮、2,4-二氯二苯甲酮、邻苯甲酰基苯甲酸甲酯、4,4’-双(二甲基氨基)二苯甲酮和4,4’-双(二乙基氨基)二苯甲酮等二苯甲酮衍生物;2-氯噻吨酮和2-异丙基噻吨酮等噻吨酮衍生物;2-氯蒽醌和2-甲基蒽醌等蒽醌衍生物;N-甲基吖啶酮和N-丁基吖啶酮等吖啶酮衍生物;以及α,α-二乙氧基苯乙酮、苯偶酰、芴酮、氧杂蒽酮、铀酰(uranyl)化合物、卤素化合物等。光敏剂可以只单独使用1种,也可以并用2种以上。在固化性环氧树脂组合物100重量份中,优选含有0.1~20重量份的范围内的光敏剂。
粘合剂中含有的环氧树脂通过光阳离子聚合进行固化,也可以通过光阳离子聚合与热阳离子聚合这两种方式来进行固化。在后者的情况下,优选并用光阳离子聚合引发剂与热阳离子聚合引发剂。
作为热阳离子聚合引发剂,可以举出苄基硫鎓盐、噻吩鎓盐、四氢噻吩鎓盐、苄基铵、吡啶鎓盐、肼鎓盐、羧酸酯、磺酸酯、胺化酰亚胺等。这些热阳离子聚合引发剂可以以市售品形式容易地购得,例如可以均按照商品名而举出:“Adeka opton CP77”和“Adeka opton CP66”(以上为株式会社ADEKA制);“CI-2639”和“CI-2624”(以上为日本曹达株式会社制);“Sanaid SI-60L”、“Sanaid SI-80L”和“Sanaid SI-100L”(以上为三新化学工业株式会社制)等。
活性能量射线固化型的粘合剂还可以含有氧杂环丁烷类、多元醇类等促进阳离子聚合的化合物。
氧杂环丁烷类为分子内含有四元环醚的化合物,可以举出例如3-乙基-3-羟基甲基氧杂环丁烷、1,4-双[(3-乙基-3-氧杂环丁烷基)甲氧基甲基]苯、3-乙基-3-(苯氧基甲基)氧杂环丁烷、二[(3-乙基-3-氧杂环丁烷基)甲基]醚、3-乙基-3-(2-乙基己氧基甲基)氧杂环丁烷、苯酚酚醛氧杂环丁烷等。这些氧杂环丁烷类可以以市售品形式容易地购得,例如可以均按照商品名而举出:“ARONE OXETANE OXT-101”、“ARONE OXETANE OXT-121”、“ARONE OXETANE OXT-211”、“ARONE OXETANE OXT-221”和“ARONE OXETANE OXT-212”(以上为东亚合成(株)制)等。在固化性环氧树脂组合物中,通常以5~95重量%的比例含有这些氧杂环丁烷类,优选以30~70重量%的比例含有这些氧杂环丁烷类。
作为多元醇类,优选不存在除酚性羟基以外的酸性基的多元醇类,可以举出例如不具有除羟基以外的官能团的多元醇化合物、聚酯多元醇化合物、聚己内酯多元醇化合物、具有酚性羟基的多元醇化合物、聚碳酸酯多元醇等。这些多元醇类的分子量通常为48以上、优选62以上、更优选100以上,且优选1,000以下。在固化性环氧树脂组合物中,通常以50重量%以下的比例含有这些多元醇类,优选以30重量%以下的比例含有这些多元醇类。
在活性能量射线固化型的粘合剂中可以进一步配合离子捕获剂、抗氧化剂、链转移剂、增粘剂、热塑性树脂、填充剂、流动调整剂、流平剂、增塑剂、消泡剂等添加剂。作为离子捕获剂,可以举出粉末状的铋系、锑系、镁系、铝系、钙系、钛系以及它们的混合系等无机化合物。作为抗氧化剂,可以举出受阻酚系抗氧化剂等。
活性能量射线固化型的粘合剂可以作为实质上不含有溶剂成分的无溶剂型粘合剂使用,但由于各涂敷方式具有各自最佳的粘度范围,因此可以为了粘度调整而使其含有溶剂。作为溶剂,优选使环氧树脂组合物等良好地溶解而不使偏振膜的光学性能降低的溶剂,例如可以举出以甲苯为代表的烃类、以乙酸乙酯为代表的酯类等有机溶剂。本发明中使用的活性能量射线固化型的粘合剂的粘度为例如5~1000mPa·s左右的范围,优选10~200mPa·s,更优选20~100mPa·s。
<偏振板的制造方法>
接着,参照附图说明本发明的偏振板的制造装置及制造方法。图1为表示本发明的偏振板的制造装置的一个实施方式的示意图。
在图1所示的偏振板的制造装置30中沿运送方向依次设置有:用于在透明膜2、3的单面涂布粘合剂的粘合剂涂敷装置11、12;用于将透明膜2、3与偏振膜1贴合而得到层叠体4的贴合辊(夹持辊)51、52;用于在层叠体4中使透明膜2、3与偏振膜1密合的辊13;设置于与该辊13的外周面相对的位置的第1活性能量射线照射装置14、15;设置在比第1活性能量射线照射装置14、15更靠近运送方向下游侧的第2以后的活性能量射线照射装置16~18;以及运送用夹持辊19。
另外,如图1、图2及图3所示,与贴合辊51、52分别接触而设置有挤压辊61、62。此处,挤压辊61、62的中央部的直径大于与其接触的贴合辊51、52的中央部的直径。
首先,利用粘合剂涂敷装置11、12在从卷绕成辊状的状态被连续送出的透明膜2、3的单面上涂布活性能量射线固化型的粘合剂(粘合剂涂敷工序)。
接着,在将隔着粘合剂在从卷绕成辊状的状态被连续送出的偏振膜1的两面上层叠涂布有粘合剂的透明膜2、3而成的层叠体夹持在沿运送方向旋转的一对贴合辊51、52之间的状态下,利用挤压辊61、62将至少一个贴合辊向另一个贴合辊的方向挤压,由此使偏振膜1与透明膜2、3贴合,形成层叠体4(贴合工序)。
然后,在边使该层叠体4与辊13的外周面密合边进行运送的过程中,由第1活性能量射线照射装置14、15朝向辊13的外周面照射活性能量射线,使粘合剂聚合固化(活性能量射线照射工序)。
予以说明,配置在运送方向下游侧的第2以后的活性能量射线照射装置16~18是用于使粘合剂完全聚合固化的装置,可以根据需要对其进行追加和省略。最后,层叠体4通过运送用夹持辊19而作为偏振板被卷取到卷取辊20上。以下,详细说明各工序。
(粘合剂涂敷工序)
虽然对透明膜2、3涂布粘合剂的涂敷方法没有特别限定,但可利用例如刮板、绕线棒(wire bar)、模涂机(die coater)、逗点涂布机、凹版涂布机等各种涂敷方式。其中,若考虑到与薄膜涂敷、输送线路(Pass line)的自由度、幅宽的对应等,则作为粘合剂涂敷装置11、12,而优选凹版辊。
在使用凹版辊作为粘合剂涂敷装置11、12进行粘合剂的涂布的情况下,所涂布的粘合剂的厚度(涂布厚度)优选为约0.1~10μm,更优选0.2tm~4μm。粘合剂的涂布厚度通过凹版辊的速度相对于透明膜的线速度的速度比即拉伸比来进行调整。一般而言,通过将拉伸比(凹版辊的速度/线速度)调整到0.5~10,从而可以将粘合剂的涂布厚度调整为约0.1~10μm。更具体来说,将透明膜2、3的线速度设定为10~100m/分钟,使凹版辊沿着与透明膜2、3的运送方向相反的方向旋转,并将凹版辊的速度调整为5~1000m/分钟,从而可以将粘合剂的涂布厚度调整为约0.1~10μm。
粘合剂在制备后通常在调整到15~40℃的范围内的规定温度±5℃(例如在规定温度为30℃的情况下,为30℃±5℃)、优选±3℃、更优选±1℃的环境下进行涂布。
(贴合工序)
本工序中,首先,隔着粘合剂将利用上述工序涂布粘合剂后的透明膜11、12层叠在从卷绕成辊状的状态被连续送出的偏振膜1的两面上。
在将该层叠体夹持在沿运送方向旋转的一对贴合辊51、52之间的状态下,如图3所示那样将挤压辊61的轴承构件61a向箭头的方向(贴合辊52的方向)挤压,用整个挤压辊将整个贴合辊51向箭头的方向挤压,由此使偏振膜1与透明膜2、3贴合,形成层叠体4。此时,按照使偏振膜的运送方向相对于与贴合辊的挤压方向垂直的面形成优选±3°的范围内、更优选±1°的范围内的角度的方式,将偏振膜运送到贴合辊之间。特别优选按照使偏振膜的运送方向同与贴合辊的挤压方向垂直的面重合的方式,将偏振膜运送到贴合辊之间。由此,不会造成偏振膜和透明膜在快到贴合辊的位置接触而产生气泡。此处,由于挤压辊61的中央部的直径大于与其接触的贴合辊51的中央部的直径,因此,即使在挤压轴承构件61a的情况下,挤压辊61也不易发生弯曲,可以以均匀的压力挤压整个贴合辊51。由此,可以对构成偏振板的层叠体(偏振膜1及透明膜2、3)进行均匀加压。
通常,对挤压辊本身施加旋转的驱动力时贴合辊也旋转,但本实施方式中,一对贴合辊被分别独立地驱动,由此可以调整卷曲。
予以说明,在图1中示出了如下的方法:在透明膜2、3的单面均匀涂布粘合剂,使偏振膜1与透明膜2、3的涂布有粘合剂的面重合后,利用贴合辊51、52进行贴合。但是也可以在偏振膜1的两面均匀涂布粘合剂,使透明膜2、3与偏振膜1的涂布有粘合剂的面重合后,利用贴合辊51、52进行贴合。
另外,如图4所示,可以只对一对贴合辊51、52中的一个设置挤压辊61。
与挤压辊接触的贴合辊的中央部的直径均优选为30mm以上且低于300mm,更优选50~270mm。通过使用这种较小直径的贴合辊,从而使偏振膜与透明膜之间不易吸入空气,使得用于防止吸入气泡的粘合剂厚度的调整范围变大,因此可以容易地制造偏振膜与透明膜之间不易产生气泡的偏振板。特别是在贴合辊的直径为300mm以上的情况下,偏振膜与透明膜之间容易吸入空气。另外,在贴合辊的直径低于50mm的情况下,存在强度降低的不良情况。予以说明,贴合辊由至少一对辊构成,该成对的辊的直径可以相同也可以不同。贴合辊的宽度优选为300~3000mm。
另外,上述挤压辊的中央部的直径优选为200~500mm。在该直径低于200mm的情况下,对挤压辊的轴承构件施加外力来挤压贴合辊时,挤压辊容易发生弯曲,有时不能以均匀的压力挤压贴合辊。另外,在该直径大于500mm的情况下,使设备变大,在这点上存在不良情况。
一对贴合辊51、52及挤压辊61、62均优选为直径实质上均匀的平辊。其中,也可以使一对贴合辊51、52中的一个、挤压辊61、62中的一个为具有从中央部到端部直径渐小的锥形的外周形状的辊(中凸辊)等。
在一对贴合辊51、52中的一个、挤压辊61、62中的一个为中凸辊的情况下,相对于上述中凸辊的长度(轴方向的长度),中凸辊的中央部的直径与端部的直径之差的比率优选为0.0020~0.0500%左右。通常,在这样的比率范围下,能够按照在贴合工序中进行挤压的状态下使中凸辊与平辊的间隔均匀的方式来设计中凸辊的形状。
利用贴合辊51、52对层叠体施加的压力没有特别限定,但在使用金属制辊和橡胶制辊的情况下,富士胶片制二片型prescale(超低压用)的瞬时压优选0.5~3.0Mpa,更优选1.0~2.5MPa。本发明中,对挤压辊挤压的外力通常施加于挤压辊的两端的轴承构件。
作为贴合辊及挤压辊的材质,可以举出金属、橡胶。优选的是使一对贴合辊中的一个为金属制、且另一个为橡胶制。另外,贴合辊及挤压辊的配置没有特别限定,可以按照相互形成任意角度的方式进行配置。即,挤压辊并不限于配置在贴合辊的上下,也可以按照水平或除水平以外的其他角度进行配置。
在以往的贴合辊中,通常使被挤压的上侧的贴合辊为橡胶制,下侧的贴合辊为金属制。这是由于:在下侧的贴合辊上安装驱动马达来控制旋转速度,因此若下侧的贴合辊为金属制,则在挤压时下侧的贴合辊不会变形,容易使贴合辊的圆周速度维持恒定。但是,这种情况下,为了容易调整后述的正卷曲(curl)的卷曲度,本发明中优选使被挤压的(上侧的)贴合辊为金属制、另一个(下侧的)贴合辊为橡胶制。
另外,与金属制的贴合辊接触设置的挤压辊优选为橡胶制。与橡胶制的贴合辊接触设置的挤压辊可以是金属制和橡胶制中的任意一种。在相互接触的贴合辊与挤压辊同时为金属制的情况下,由于会容易因使用而使辊间划伤,因此难以连续使用。另一方面,在相互接触的贴合辊与挤压辊同时为橡胶制的情况下,基本没有问题。
作为金属制辊的母材,可以使用各种公知的材质,但优选不锈钢,更优选SUS304(含有18%的Cr和8%的Ni的不锈钢)。优选对金属制辊的表面实施镀铬处理。
橡胶的材质没有特别限定,但可以举出NBR(丁腈橡胶)、Titan(日文原文:夕ィ夕ン)、聚氨酯、硅、EPDM(乙烯-丙烯-二烯橡胶)等,优选NBR、Titan、聚氨酯。橡胶辊的硬度没有特别限定,但通常为60~100°,优选85~95°。予以说明,橡胶辊的硬度可以依照JISK6253用硬度计进行测定。作为市售的硬度计,可以使用例如ASKA公司制的橡胶硬度计“Type-A”等。具体来说,利用硬度计对用棒等按压表面时橡胶辊表面的电阻进行测定。
对于一对贴合辊而言,一个贴合辊与另一个贴合辊的圆周速度可以存在差异。例如,设置于层叠体4的将要与液晶面板贴合的面的一侧的贴合辊(第1贴合辊)的圆周速度优选大于相反侧的贴合辊(第2贴合辊)的圆周速度。由此,能够对所得到的偏振板赋予使将要与液晶面板贴合的面凸起、其相反侧的面凹陷的卷曲(正卷曲)。在对所得到的偏振板赋予了使将要与液晶面板贴合的面凹陷、其相反侧的面凸起的卷曲(逆卷曲)的情况下,将偏振板贴合在液晶元件上时,容易产生中央部吸入气泡等不良情况。予以说明,这种情况下,优选的是使用金属制辊作为第1贴合辊、并且使用橡胶制辊作为第2贴合辊。
进而,在将第2贴合辊的圆周速度设为1时,更优选使第1贴合辊的圆周速度的比为1.0050~1.0200。这是由于:在第1贴合辊的圆周速度比该范围快的情况下,正卷曲的卷曲量变得过大,在将偏振板贴合在液晶元件时,容易产生端部吸入气泡等不良情况,进而在被放置在严酷环境下时,存在进一步促进正卷曲而使偏振板的端部从液晶元件剥离的风险。
辊13的外周面预先构成为经过镜面加工的凸曲面,一边使层叠体4与辊13的表面密合一边将其进行运送,在该过程中利用活性能量射线照射装置14、15使粘合剂聚合固化。在使粘合剂聚合固化、使层叠体4充分密合的方面,辊13的直径没有特别限定。优选以使通过辊13期间的累积光量达到10mJ/cm2以上的方式对粘合剂未固化状态的层叠体4照射活性能量射线。辊13可依层叠体4的生产线的运行而从动或旋转驱动,或者也可以使辊13固定而使层叠体4在其表面滑动。另外,在利用活性能量射线照射的聚合固化时,辊13可以作为用于对层叠体4中产生的热进行散热的冷却辊起作用。这种情况下,冷却辊的表面温度优选设定在4~30℃。
(活性能量射线照射工序)
为了通过活性能量射线的照射进行粘合剂的聚合固化而使用的光源没有特别限定,但优选在波长400nm以下具有发光分布的光源。作为这样的光源,可以举出例如低压汞灯、中压汞灯、高压汞灯、超高压汞灯、化学灯、黑光灯、微波激发汞灯、金属卤化物灯。
对活性能量射线固化型粘合剂的光照射强度只要按照粘合剂的组成来确定,就没有特别限定,但优选10~5000mW/cm2。若对树脂组合物的光照射强度低于10mW/cm2,则反应时间变得过长,若对树脂组合物的光照射强度超过5000mW/cm2,则由于从灯辐射的热及组合物在聚合时的发热,有可能发生粘合剂的构成材料即环氧树脂组合物等的黄变、偏振膜的劣化。另外,照射强度优选为在对光阳离子聚合引发剂的活化有效的波长范围的强度,更优选为在波长400nm以下的波长范围的强度,进一步优选为在波长280~320nm的波长范围的强度。
对活性能量射线固化型粘合剂照射活性能量射线的照射时间根据每个要固化的组合物来进行控制,没有特别限定,但以照射强度和照射时间的积的形式表示的累积光量优选设定为10mJ/cm2以上,更优选设定为10~5,000mJ/cm2。若在上述粘合剂中的累积光量低于10mJ/cm2,则源自引发剂的活性种的产生变得不充分,粘合剂的固化变得不充分。另一方面,若该累积光量超过5,000mJ/cm2,则照射时间变得非常长,不利于生产率的提高。此时,根据所使用的膜、粘合剂种类的组合等,需要在何种波长范围(UVA(320~390nm)、UVB(280~320nm)等)的累积光量是不同的。
本发明中对层叠体照射活性能量射线而使粘合剂聚合固化,但是也可以并用利用加热的聚合固化。
在活性能量射线为紫外线的情况下,在对层叠体4照射活性能量射线的工序中,优选一边对层叠体4沿长度方向(运送方向)施加100~800N/m的张力,一边以使照射时间达到0.1秒以上的线速度运送层叠体4。另外,紫外线的照射强度优选为10mW/cm2以上。
另外,在利用活性能量射线照射装置14、15得到的活性能量射线的累积光量不充分的情况下,优选的是:进一步设置第2以后的活性能量射线照射装置16~18,并追加照射活性能量射线,促进层叠体4的粘合剂的固化。这些所有工序中的累积光量优选设定为10mJ/cm2以上,更优选设定为10~5,000mJ/cm2。可见,在照射活性能量射线的工序中,优选分多次进行活性能量射线的照射。
为了可靠地进行偏振板(层叠体)端部的粘合剂的固化,可以举出例如以横切膜行进方向的方式排列无电极D阀灯(valve lamp)即FUSION制“Light Hammer10”的方法等。
活性能量射线固化型树脂固化的比例即反应率优选90%以上,更优选95%以上。
(偏振板卷取工序)
使将层叠体(偏振板)4卷取的张力为30N/cm2~150N/cm2。优选30N/cm2~120N/cm2。若该张力低于30N/cm2,则在转移长条的辊形卷时产生卷绕偏移,因此不优选。在该张力大于150N/cm2的情况下,卷紧度过高,容易发生松弛。
予以说明,由于卷绕长度越长,在相同张力下越容易卷紧(送出时难以回到平坦状态的现象),因此可以一边将偏振板卷绕于芯材(core)一边使张力连续或阶段性降低。在以此种所谓逐渐缩减的方式降低张力的方法中,也要将此时的张力设定为150N/cm2以下。
卷绕于芯材的偏振板的长度没有特别限定,但优选100m以上且4000m以下。
圆筒状芯材的直径优选6英寸~12英寸。芯材的直径越大越优选,更优选11英寸、12英寸等,但若进一步过大,则不易运送和保管。
关于圆筒状芯材的材质,由于在洁净室使用,所以只要其本身不容易产生灰尘、且能够确保适当的强度以便能够卷取宽幅的偏振板,就没有特别限定,可以选择FRP(玻璃纤维强化塑料)等。
实施例
以下,举出实施例来进一步详细说明本发明,但本发明并不限定于这些实施例。
[实施例1]
(偏振膜的制作)
作为聚乙烯醇的原材膜,使用了聚合度2400、皂化度99.9摩尔%、厚度75μm、宽度3000mm的长条的聚乙烯醇膜“vinylon VF-PS#7500(可乐丽制)”。拉伸通过对处理槽前后的驱动夹持辊施加圆周速度差来进行。
首先,以不使原材膜松弛的方式保持膜的绷紧状态,同时在加入了30℃的纯水的溶胀槽中浸渍80秒,使膜充分溶胀。伴随溶胀槽内的溶胀的入口和出口的辊速度比为1.2。使用夹持辊除去水后,在加入了30℃的纯水的水浸渍槽中浸渍160秒。在此槽中的机械方向的拉伸倍率设为1.09倍。
接着,浸渍在加入了由碘/碘化钾/水以重量比计为0.02/2.0/100的水溶液的染色槽中,同时以约1.5倍的拉伸倍率进行单轴拉伸。之后,在加入了碘化钾/硼酸/水以重量比为12/3.7/100的水溶液的硼酸槽中以55.5℃浸渍130秒,同时进行单轴拉伸直至源自原材的累积拉伸倍率达到5.7倍为止。其后,在加入了碘化钾/硼酸/水以重量比为9/2.4/100的水溶液的硼酸槽中以40℃浸渍60秒。
进而,在水洗槽中以8℃的纯水清洗约16秒,之后,使其依次通过约60℃的干燥炉和约85℃的干燥炉,将在这些干燥炉中的滞留时间设为共计160秒,进行了干燥。由此,得到吸附碘并进行取向后的厚度28μm的偏振膜。
(偏振板的制作)
作为透明膜,准备了厚度50μm的环烯烃系树脂膜“ZEONOR”(日本Zeon(株)制)和厚度80μm的三乙酰纤维素膜“KC8UX2MW”(KonicaMinolta公司制)。
接着,使用粘合剂涂敷装置(Micro Chamber Doctor:富士机械公司制)在上述厚度50μm的环烯烃系树脂膜“ZEONOR”的单面涂敷作为紫外线固化型的粘合剂的环氧树脂组合物“KR系列”(ADEKA公司制,含阳离子聚合引发剂)。另外,使用同样的粘合剂涂敷装置在上述厚度80μm的三乙酰纤维素膜“KC8UX2MW”的单面涂敷作为紫外线固化型的粘合剂的环氧树脂组合物“KR系列”(ADEKA公司制,含阳离子聚合引发剂)。此时,使粘合剂涂敷装置中的偏振膜层叠体的线速度为25m/分钟,使凹版辊沿层叠材的运送方向的反方向旋转,将厚度50μm的环烯烃系树脂膜“ZEONOR”上的粘合剂层的厚度设为约3.5μm,将厚度80μm的三乙酰纤维素膜“KC8UX2MW”上的粘合剂层的厚度设为约3.5μm。
然后,将上述厚度50μm的环烯烃系树脂膜“ZEONOR”和厚度80μm的三乙酰纤维素膜“KC8UX2MW”隔着上述环氧树脂组合物(紫外线固化型粘合剂)贴合在上述偏振膜的两面。在贴合中,如图1所示那样使用直径250mm的一对贴合辊、以及与各贴合辊接触设置的直径400mm的一对挤压辊,并按照使贴合辊的平均夹持压(利用贴合辊对层叠体施加的压力)达到1.53MPa的方式进行夹持。
对贴合有上述2种透明膜的偏振膜沿其长度方向施加600N/m的张力,边使该偏振膜与冷却辊密合,边将其以25m/分钟的线速度进行运送,并且使其在从与膜的宽度方向串联地连续配置的2个金属卤化物灯(GS-YUASA公司制,1个灯的电力为120W/cm)照射的紫外线中通过,从而进行第1活性能量射线照射工序,然后,使其在从沿膜的宽度方向串联地连续配置的6个无电极D阀灯(Fusion公司制“Light Hammer10”,每1个灯的单位长度的电力为216W/cm)照射的紫外线中通过,从而进行第2活性能量射线照射工序,制作成偏振板。
通过金属卤化物灯时,使贴合于上述偏振膜的厚度80μm的三乙酰纤维素膜“KC8UX2MW”与设定为23℃的冷却辊的外周面接触,从厚度50μm的环烯烃系树脂膜“ZEONOR”侧照射紫外线。由此,能够抑制第1活性能量射线照射工序中的由热的影响所致的粘合剂和偏振膜的劣化。
(贴合辊的夹持压分布及偏振板的气泡的评价)
使用富士胶片制双片型Prescale(超低压用)测定了实施例1的贴合辊的夹持压,结果夹持压的分布在宽度方向大致均匀。另外,对所制作的偏振板进行了评价,结果没有观察到气泡。将结果示于表1中。
[实施例2]
本实施例中,除了按照使贴合辊的平均夹持压为2.25MPa的方式进行夹持以外,与实施例1同样地制作了偏振板。
(贴合辊的夹持压分布及偏振板的气泡的评价)
使用富士胶片制双片型Prescale(超低压用)测定了实施例2的贴合辊的夹持压,结果夹持压的分布在宽度方向大致均匀。另外,对所制作的偏振板进行了评价,结果没有观察到气泡。将结果示于表1中。
[比较例1]
除了仅使用一对贴合辊并按照使平均夹持压达到1.13MPa的方式进行夹持以外,与实施例1同样地制作了偏振板。
(贴合辊的夹持压分布及偏振板的气泡的评价)
使用富士胶片制双片型Prescale(超低压用)测定了比较例1的贴合辊的夹持压,结果夹持压在宽度方向的分布大。另外,对所制作的偏振板进行了评价,结果观察到气泡。将结果示于表1。
[表1]
Figure BDA0000485495160000261
产业上的利用可能性
本发明的偏振板可有效地适用于以液晶显示装置为代表的各种显示装置。
符号说明
1偏振膜,2、3透明膜,4层叠体(偏振板),11、12粘合剂涂敷装置,13辊(冷却辊),14、15、16、17、18活性能量射线照射装置,19运送用夹持辊,20卷取辊,51、52贴合辊,61、62挤压辊,61a轴承构件。

Claims (4)

1.一种偏振板的制造方法,其特征在于,所述偏振板是在偏振膜(1)的单面或两面贴合透明膜(2、3)而成的,该偏振板的制造方法具备以下工序:
粘合剂涂敷工序,在所述透明膜的单面、或者所述偏振膜(1)的单面或两面涂布活性能量射线固化型的粘合剂;
贴合工序,在将隔着所述粘合剂在偏振膜(1)的单面或两面层叠所述透明膜(2、3)而成的层叠体(4)夹持在沿运送方向旋转的一对贴合辊(51、52)之间的状态下,利用与上述贴合辊(51、52)接触设置的至少1个挤压辊(61、62),将至少一个贴合辊(51、52)向另一个贴合辊的方向挤压,由此使所示透明膜(2、3)与所示偏振膜(1)贴合;以及
活性能量射线照射工序,对所述层叠体(4)照射活性能量射线而使所述粘合剂固化,
其中,所述挤压辊(61、62)的中央部的直径大于与该挤压辊接触的所述贴合辊(51、52)的中央部的直径。
2.如权利要求1所述的偏振板的制造方法,其中,所述一对贴合辊(51、52)被分别独立地驱动。
3.如权利要求1所述的偏振板的制造方法,其中,所述一对贴合辊(51、52)与所述挤压辊(61、62)为直径实质上均匀的平辊。
4.一种偏振板的制造装置,其特征在于,所述偏振板是在偏振膜(1)的单面或两面贴合透明膜(2、3)而成的,该偏振板的制造装置具备:
粘合剂涂敷装置(11,12),用于在所述透明膜(2、3)的单面、或者所述偏振膜(1)的单面或两面涂布活性能量射线固化型的粘合剂;
一个对贴合辊(51、52),用于通过将隔着所述粘合剂在偏振膜(1)的单面或两面层叠所述透明膜(2、3)而成的层叠体(4)一边运送一边夹压,从而使所述透明膜(2、3)与所述偏振膜(1)贴合;
与所述贴合辊(51、52)接触设置的至少1个挤压辊(61、62),用于将所述一对贴合辊(51、52)中的至少一个贴合辊(51、52)向另一个贴合辊的方向挤压;以及
活性能量射线照射装置(14、15、16、17、18),用于对所述层叠体(4)照射活性能量射线而使所述粘合剂固化,
其中,所述挤压辊(61、62)的中央部的直径大于与该挤压辊接触的所述贴合辊(51、52)的中央部的直径。
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