CN103806271B - 纤维用处理剂 - Google Patents

纤维用处理剂 Download PDF

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CN103806271B
CN103806271B CN201310550377.XA CN201310550377A CN103806271B CN 103806271 B CN103806271 B CN 103806271B CN 201310550377 A CN201310550377 A CN 201310550377A CN 103806271 B CN103806271 B CN 103806271B
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kinematic viscosity
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稻垣邦保
竹内浩纯
市川敏己
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Takemoto Oil and Fat Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供纤维用处理剂，其在涡流空气纺纱中，可以充分地抑制泡沫的堆积、可赋予良好的高速纺纱性。作为涡流空气纺纱用的纤维用处理剂，使用以下的纤维用处理剂：包含选自下述润滑剂(A)、下述润滑剂(B)以及下述润滑剂(C)中的一种或两种以上，在30℃下的运动粘度为1×10‑6～100×10‑6m2/s，润滑剂(A)：碳原子数5～70的脂族酯化合物润滑剂(B)：在30℃下的运动粘度为5×10‑6～100×10‑6m2/s的线状聚有机硅氧烷润滑剂(C)：在30℃下的运动粘度为5×10‑6～100×10‑6m2/s的矿物油。

Description

纤维用处理剂
技术领域
本发明涉及纤维用处理剂。近年来的纺纱工艺为了降低生产成本、提高生产性，不断转变为高速环锭纺纱、高速转杯纺纱、涡流空气纺纱(渦流空気精紡)等的高速纺纱。但是，如果这样使纺纱速度变为高速化，则单位时间通过纺纱机器的纤维量与速度成比例地增加，因此泡沫(スカム)的堆积增大，清扫周期变短，结果使得作业性降低。本发明特别涉及涡流空气纺纱用的纤维用处理剂，涉及使用涡流空气纺纱机将纤维纺纱时，抑制泡沫的产生、赋予良好的高速纺纱性的纤维用处理剂。
背景技术
以往，作为纤维用处理剂，提出了含有烷基磷酸酯钾盐的各种纤维用处理剂。在所述纤维用处理剂中，提出了1)烷基磷酸酯钾盐与烷基氨基醚型非离子的磷酸中和物的2成分体系(例如参照专利文献1)；2)烷基磷酸酯钾盐、烷基氨基醚型非离子的磷酸中和物和高分子量的聚氧乙烯化合物的3成分体系(例如参照专利文献2)；3)烷基磷酸酯钾盐和高分子量的聚氧乙烯化合物的2成分体系(例如参照专利文献3)；4)烷基磷酸酯钾盐、石蜡乳化物和阳离子型表面活性剂的3成分体系(例如参照专利文献4)等。但是，对于这些以往的纤维用处理剂，存在以下问题：在高速环锭纺纱的情况下，在气圈控制环中堆积泡沫，或者在高速转杯纺纱的情况下，在纺纱杯内堆积泡沫，进而在涡流空气纺纱的情况下，在纺锤中堆积泡沫。其中，涡流空气纺纱的纱的纺出速度与高速环锭纺纱或高速转杯纺纱的纱的纺出速度相比，快得多，因此泡沫堆积的问题严重。若泡沫发生堆积，则相应地不仅清扫周期缩短、作业性降低，而且纤维受到较大损伤、纱线强力降低，或者白粉、断头显著增加。在涡流空气纺纱中，为了防止泡沫的堆积，也提出了用于供给表面活性剂的装置(例如专利文献5)，但是若使用以往用于纤维用处理剂的含有烷基磷酸酯钾盐之类的物质作为所述表面活性剂，则无法充分地抑制泡沫的堆积。
专利文献
专利文献1 日本特开昭60-224867号公报
专利文献2 日本特开昭57-158297号公报
专利文献3 日本特开平3-174067号公报
专利文献4 日本特开平6-108361号公报
专利文献5 日本特开2008-95208号公报。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的课题在于，提供在涡流空气纺纱中，可充分地抑制泡沫的堆积、可赋予良好的高速纺纱性的纤维用处理剂。
本发明人为了解决上述课题，进行研究，结果发现，在涡流空气纺纱中，使用特定的纤维用处理剂的方案是恰好合适的。
即，本发明涉及纤维用处理剂，其是涡流空气纺纱用的纤维用处理剂，其特征在于，包含选自下述润滑剂(A)、下述润滑剂(B)以及下述润滑剂(C)中的一种或两种以上，在30℃下的运动粘度为1×10-6～100×10-6m2/s，
润滑剂(A)：碳原子数5～70的脂族酯化合物
润滑剂(B)：在30℃下的运动粘度为5×10-6～100×10-6m2/s的线状聚有机硅氧烷
润滑剂(C)：在30℃下的运动粘度为5×10-6～100×10-6m2/s的矿物油。
本发明的纤维用处理剂(以下，简称为本发明的处理剂)是用于涡流空气纺纱的纤维用处理剂。涡流空气纺纱是利用压缩空气的回旋流(涡流)进行纺纱的纺纱方法，所述纺纱方法中使用的涡流空气纺纱机自身是公知的(例如参照日本特开2001-73235号公报、日本特开2007-284813号公报和日本特开2011-38210号公报)，其中可以列举例如村田机械株式会社制的商品名ボルテックス(注册商标)的纺纱机。
本发明的处理剂包含选自上述润滑剂(A)、上述润滑剂(B)以及上述润滑剂(C)中的一种或两种以上，但其中优选含有选自润滑剂(A)的处理剂，更优选含有润滑剂(A)为50～100质量%的比例、润滑剂(B)为0～20质量%的比例和润滑剂(C)为0～50质量%的比例(总计100质量%)的处理剂。
润滑剂(A)为碳原子数5～70的脂族酯化合物。所述脂族酯化合物中，可以列举1)油酸甲酯、硬脂酸丁酯、硬脂酸辛基酯、月桂酸油基酯、硬脂酸异十三烷基酯等的脂族1元醇与脂族单羧酸的酯；2)1,6-己二醇二油酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷单油酸酯单月桂酸酯等的脂族多元醇与脂族单羧酸的酯；3)己二酸二月桂基酯、己二酸二油基酯等的脂族1元醇与脂族多元羧酸的酯。其中，作为润滑剂(A)，优选碳原子数15-60的脂族酯化合物。
润滑剂(B)是在30℃下的运动粘度为5×10-6～100×10-6m2/s的线状聚有机硅氧烷。所述线状聚有机硅氧烷中，可以列举线状聚二甲基硅氧烷、具有改性基团的线状聚二甲基硅氧烷等。作为这种情况下的改性基团，可以列举乙基、苯基、氟丙基、氨基丙基、羧基辛基、聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯基、ω-甲氧基聚乙氧基·聚丙氧基丙基等。
润滑剂(C)为在30℃下的运动粘度为5×10-6～100×10-6m2/s(5cst～100cst)的矿物油。
本发明的处理剂是在30℃下的运动粘度为1×10-6～100×10-6m2/s的处理剂，但优选5×10-6～50×10-6m2/s的处理剂。在涡流空气纺纱中，使本发明的处理剂附着于纤维的方式没有特别限定，但优选使其混入涡流空气纺纱中使用的压缩空气中，对纤维喷雾，使其附着的方式，此时，若使本发明的处理剂在30℃下的运动粘度为上述的5×10-6～50×10-6m2/s，则所述处理剂可以对纤维进行更均匀地喷雾，结果可以使其更均匀地附着于纤维。
本发明的处理剂可以在不损害本发明效果的范围内，根据目的，适当地并用消泡剂、外观调节剂、抗氧化剂、防腐剂、防锈剂等的其他成分，但优选它们是尽可能少量的。
如上所述，将本发明的处理剂混入在涡流空气纺纱中使用的压缩空气中、对纤维进行喷雾的情况下，可以直接使用所述处理剂，也可以用水、低粘度的矿物油等稀释后使用，但为了得到良好的喷雾性，可以直接使用非水系的处理剂，或者在进行稀释的情况下使用矿物油等的油性稀释剂，以非水系的形式来使用。
发明效果
根据以上说明的本发明，在涡流空气纺纱中，可以得到以下的效果：可以充分地抑制纺锤前端、支架部分的泡沫堆积、可赋予良好的高速纺纱性。
实施例
以下，为了使本发明的构成和效果更具体，列举实施例等，但本发明不限于这些实施例。应予说明，以下的实施例和比较例中，“份”表示质量份、另外“%”表示质量%。
试验部分1(纤维用处理剂的制备)
·实施例1～13和比较例1～15
使用表1记载的脂族酯化合物作为润滑剂(A)，另外，使用表2记载的线状聚有机硅氧烷或矿物油作为润滑剂(B)或(C)，将它们根据需要按表3记载的比例混合，制备表3记载的各例子的纤维用处理剂。应予说明，比较例15未制备纤维用处理剂，因此是未使用处理剂的例子。
试验部分2(熟条的制备)
在聚酯短纤维的制造步骤中，将包含十八烷基磷酸酯钾盐70份、α-壬基苯基-ω-羟基(聚氧乙烯)(n＝10)15份和α-十二烷基氨基-ω-羟基(聚氧乙烯)(n＝10)15份的油剂用于纤度1.3×10-4g/m、纤维长度38mm的半无光的聚酯短纤维，以相对于聚酯短纤维附着0.15%。将该聚酯短纤维向盖板梳棉机(丰和工业社制)供给，制成生条，进一步将该生条向PDF型练条机(石川制作所制)供给，制备粗细3.2 g/m的熟条。
试验部分3(涡流空气纺纱中的纤维用处理剂的评价)
对于试验部分1中制备的各例的纤维用处理剂，按照以下的方法评价喷雾性和泡沫堆积性，结果汇总示于表3。
·喷雾性
在涡流空气纺纱机(村田机械株式会社制的商品名ボルテックス(注册商标))的纺纱中使用的压缩空气中，使纤维用处理剂雾化并混入，同时在温度25℃、相对湿度65%、压缩空气压力0.55MPa的条件下进行5小时喷雾。目视观察纤维用处理剂的喷雾状态，按照以下标准进行评价。结果汇总示于表3。
喷雾性的判断标准
◎：喷雾性良好
○：在配管部观察到若干滞留液，但整体上喷雾性良好
△：在配管部观察到滞留液，但时间短的话可以喷雾
×：无法喷雾。
·泡沫堆积性
将试验部分2中制备的熟条供给至涡流空气纺纱机(村田机械株式会社制的商品名ボルテックス(注册商标))，以纺出速度360m/分纺出30支的纱，此时在温度25℃、相对湿度65%、压缩空气的压力0.55MPa的条件下，通过雾化在该纺纱中使用的压缩空气中，以相对于熟条的通过量为0.03%的量混入喷雾性良好或可喷雾的纤维用处理剂，进行喷雾。5小时后，目视观察在纺锤前端部的泡沫堆积和纺锤支架部的泡沫堆积，按照以下标准进行评价。结果汇总示于表3。
在纺锤前端部和纺锤支架部的泡沫堆积性的评价标准
◎：无堆积物
○：稍有堆积物，但无需清扫
△：有堆积物，但没到需要定期清扫的程度
×：有堆积物，必须定期清扫。
[表1]
[表2]
[表3]
表3中，
D-1：α-辛基-ω-羟基聚氧乙烯(n＝4)
D-2：α-十二烷基-ω-羟基聚氧乙烯(n＝6)聚氧丙烯(n＝2)
D-3：α-壬基-ω-羟基聚氧乙烯(n＝6)聚氧丙烯(n＝2)
D-4：α-丁基-ω-羟基聚氧乙烯(n＝10)聚氧丙烯(n＝10)
D-5：α-丁基-ω-羟基聚氧乙烯(n＝20)聚氧丙烯(n＝20)
D-6：α-羟基-ω-羟基聚氧乙烯(n＝5)聚氧丙烯(n＝45)
D-7：α-椰油基-ω-羟基聚氧乙烯(n＝10)
D-8：十八烷基磷酸酯钾盐
D-9：辛基磷酸酯钾盐
D-10：丁基磷酸酯钾盐
＊1：由于喷雾性不良，因此无法评价泡沫堆积。
由表3的结果可知，根据本发明，在涡流空气纺纱中，可以充分地抑制纺锤前端、支架部分的泡沫堆积、可赋予良好的高速纺纱性。

Claims (1)

1.纤维用处理剂用于涡流空气纺纱的用途，其特征在于，所述纤维用处理剂包含下述润滑剂(A)、下述润滑剂(B)以及下述润滑剂(C)，在30℃下的运动粘度为5×10-6～50×10- 6m2/s，
润滑剂(A)：碳原子数15～60的脂族酯化合物
润滑剂(B)：在30℃下的运动粘度为5×10-6～100×10-6m2/s的线状聚有机硅氧烷
润滑剂(C)：在30℃下的运动粘度为5×10-6～100×10-6m2/s的矿物油，其中以50～100质量％的比例含有润滑剂(A)，以0～20质量％的比例含有润滑剂(B)以及以0～50质量％的比例含有润滑剂(C)，润滑剂(A)、润滑剂(B)和润滑剂(C)总计100质量％。
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