CN103786328B - 具有通道的挤出机螺杆 - Google Patents

具有通道的挤出机螺杆 Download PDF

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CN103786328B
CN103786328B CN201310509745.6A CN201310509745A CN103786328B CN 103786328 B CN103786328 B CN 103786328B CN 201310509745 A CN201310509745 A CN 201310509745A CN 103786328 B CN103786328 B CN 103786328B
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recess
screw
equipment
screw rod
extruder
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CN103786328A (zh
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W.P.里普尔
E.W.小卢曼
P.德蒙特
M.G.马沙尔
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Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
    • B29C48/397—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using a single screw
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/34—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/38—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
    • B29B7/40—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with single shaft
    • B29B7/42—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with single shaft with screw or helix
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/27—Cleaning; Purging; Avoiding contamination
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/285—Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder
    • B29C48/288—Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder in solid form, e.g. powder or granules
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
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    • B29C48/64—Screws with two or more threads
    • B29C48/65—Screws with two or more threads neighbouring threads or channels having different configurations, e.g. one thread being lower than its neighbouring thread
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
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    • B29C48/64—Screws with two or more threads
    • B29C48/655—Screws with two or more threads having three or more threads
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92504—Controlled parameter
    • B29C2948/9279—Errors or malfunctioning, e.g. for quality control
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
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    • B29C2948/92876—Feeding, melting, plasticising or pumping zones, e.g. the melt itself
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/022—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
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    • B29C48/645—Screws with two or more threads neighbouring threads and channels having identical configurations

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及具有通道的挤出机螺杆并具体公开了一种挤出机设备，所述设备包括圆柱形管筒，所述圆柱形管筒具有进料端和排放端，所述进料端具有与进料箱流体连通的出口。挤出机螺杆安装在所述圆柱形管筒中，并且所述螺杆具有外表面，一个或多个螺旋螺纹安装在所述外表面上。所述螺杆具有排放端和终端，其中，所述螺杆还包括位于所述终端处的凹口。

Description

具有通道的挤出机螺杆
技术领域
本发明一般地涉及用于橡胶加工的挤出机，并且更具体地涉及挤出机螺杆。
背景技术
本领域已知使用螺杆挤出机来挤出诸如橡胶的粘弹性材料。本领域已知使用进料箱将橡胶化合物的板条供给到挤出机中。可能出现的一个问题是橡胶的板条将会由于板条进料张力而折断，常常称为板条“咬断”。这通常在采用低强度化合物尤其是胎面化合物时发生。螺杆螺纹对于进料辊和进料箱的“剪刀”动作使该问题更加严重。如果进料条断裂，则导致工人必须清理进料箱。因此，希望具有一种改进的挤出机螺杆，其克服了板条咬断问题。
发明内容
定义
进料斗－通常指锥形板条进料“槽”，其附接到挤出机进料箱的顶部。进料斗在供给到挤出机中的化合物板条中建立褶皱。
进料箱－挤出机的某个区域，在该区域中，螺杆被暴露以接收橡胶板条进料。典型的冷进料挤出机具有从动进料辊组件，该从动进料辊组件与螺杆螺纹形成夹挤区并且用于将板条化合物拉动通过进料斗并且填充螺杆螺纹。进料辊组件通常是铰接的组件，其能够打开以便于进行清洁以及接近螺杆和进料箱以进行更好的维护。
冷进料挤出机－一台用于加工粘弹性材料（包括橡胶）的机器。该机器接收板条形状的冷化合物，对化合物进行加温并且借助于旋转的机械螺杆将化合物从进料箱移动到管筒的端部。
本发明包括以下方案：
方案1. 一种挤出机设备，包括：圆柱形管筒，所述圆柱形管筒具有进料端和排放端，所述进料端具有与进料箱流体连通的出口；挤出机螺杆，所述挤出机螺杆安装在所述圆柱形管筒中，所述螺杆具有外表面，一个或多个螺旋螺纹安装在所述外表面上，所述螺杆具有排放端和终端，所述螺杆还包括凹口。
方案2. 根据方案1所述的设备，其中所述凹口在周向上是连续的。
方案3. 根据方案1所述的设备，其中所述凹口具有对称的截面形状。
方案4. 根据方案1所述的设备，其中所述凹口具有非对称的截面形状。
方案5. 根据方案1所述的设备，其中所述凹口具有在大约5mm至40mm的范围内的宽度。
方案6. 根据方案1所述的设备，其中所述凹口形成为邻近于所述螺杆螺纹。
方案7. 根据方案1所述的设备，其中所述凹口与所述螺旋螺杆螺纹中的至少一个相交。
方案8. 根据方案1所述的设备，其中所述凹口具有对称的U形截面形状。
方案9. 根据方案1所述的设备，其中所述凹口具有半圆形截面形状。
方案10. 根据方案1所述的设备，其中所述凹口在所述螺杆螺旋螺纹和所述终端之间。
附图说明
将通过示例并参照附图来描述本发明，在附图中：
图1是挤出机和流动头组件的示意性剖视图；
图2是进料箱和进料辊的顶视图；
图3-6示出了挤出机螺杆的凹口的替代实施例。
具体实施方式
图1示出了挤出机流动头组件10，挤出机流动头组件10包括挤出机螺杆12，挤出机螺杆12连接到流动头14，流动头14具有通向模具（未示出）的流动通道16。螺杆与模具一起可用于形成粘弹性材料（例如橡胶）的橡胶部件。
挤出机12具有螺杆18，螺杆18在圆柱形管筒20内旋转。圆柱形管筒具有用于容纳螺杆的内部通道。螺杆具有细长的圆柱形主体13，至少两个螺旋螺杆螺纹30、32安装在圆柱形主体13上。通常由动力装置使螺杆旋转，动力装置例如是马达和齿轮箱（未示出）。螺杆具有形成鼻部19的第一排放端并具有第二终端21，第二终端21通常具有浅螺纹25，用于将化合物保持在花键连接的螺杆到齿轮箱界面（未示出）之外。管筒20具有在挤出机的进口端24处的进料开口22。进口开口连接到进料斗23。图2示出了位于挤出机的进口端的进料箱。进料箱具有螺杆，螺杆螺纹的开始处26。所示的螺杆是具有凹口30的螺杆，凹口30在螺杆螺纹开始的位置26处被机加工到螺杆中。螺杆螺纹对于进料辊29的动作趋向于切割进入进料箱的橡胶板条进料。通过将凹口30、40、50、60（或通道）机加工到螺杆的该区域中（图3上的40），螺杆螺纹是不连续的并且螺杆螺纹对于进料辊的剪刀动作将不会切断供给到进料箱中的化合物板条。进料箱23通常表现出化合物的滚球28，其表示螺杆被适当地供给（没有滚球表示未足量供给）。重要的是，被供给到进料箱中的橡胶板条不与化合物的滚球干涉，或者滚球和板条的动作还能导致板条咬断。通过将板条进料引导朝向进料箱的后部并且朝向螺杆凹口或进料通道，避免了与滚球的干涉并且允许凹口提供积极的进料辅助。所使用的具有凹口的螺杆以及具有将板条与化合物滚球分开的引导件的进料斗极大地改进了板条错误进料的发生率，而板条错误进料在具有低“坯料强度”的化合物的情况中是最为普遍的。
挤出机螺杆的后端21已被如图3-6所示进行修改。在挤出机端部的后端21（螺旋螺纹在那里开始），凹口40在进料箱附近的终端处被插入螺杆螺纹中。如图3所示，凹口40在周向上是连续的，即，其完全地围绕螺杆的圆周延伸。凹口切割跨过螺旋螺纹30、32的终端42。如图3所示，凹口的形状是非对称的。图4示出了对称的U形凹口46。图5示出了另一个深度较浅的非对称凹口。图6示出了具有圆形对称形状60的深凹口。上述任一凹口的凹口宽度的范围可从大约8mm到大约40mm，这取决于螺杆的尺寸（螺杆直径越大，凹口宽度越大）。凹口深度优选地为通道宽度的大约1/3到2/3。
在一定速度范围内在带有凹口的挤出机上进行实验。所观察到的是凹口减少了错误进料的数量。还观察到将橡胶引导到由化合物的滚球占据的进料箱区域中仍然会导致错误进料，但是螺杆凹口的动作的预料不到的结果是进料能够在没有任何干预的情况下自己重新开始。在没有螺纹凹口的传统挤出机的情况下，通常需要完全清洁挤出机进料箱来重新建立正常的化合物供给。
虽然出于说明本发明的目的已经示出了某些代表性的实施例，但本领域技术人员将会明白的是可以在不偏离本发明范围的情况下作出各种变化和修改。

Claims (8)

1.一种挤出机设备，其特征在于：
圆柱形管筒，所述圆柱形管筒具有进料端和排放端，所述进料端具有与进料箱流体连通的出口；
挤出机螺杆，所述挤出机螺杆安装在所述圆柱形管筒中，所述螺杆具有外表面，一个或多个螺旋螺纹安装在所述外表面上，所述螺杆具有排放端和终端，所述螺杆还包括凹口，所述凹口在所述螺旋螺纹开始的位置处被机加工到螺杆中，进料被引导朝向所述凹口，其中所述凹口在周向上是连续的且切割跨过所述螺旋螺纹的终端，
其中，所述凹口具有在5mm至40mm的范围内的宽度，且所述凹口的深度是所述凹口的宽度是1/3至2/3。
2.如权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于，所述凹口具有对称的截面形状。
3.如权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于，所述凹口具有非对称的截面形状。
4.如权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于，所述凹口形成为邻近于所述螺旋螺纹。
5.如权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于，所述凹口与所述螺旋螺纹中的至少一个相交。
6.如权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于，所述凹口具有对称的U形截面形状。
7.如权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于，所述凹口具有半圆形截面形状。
8.如权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于，所述凹口在所述螺旋螺纹和所述终端之间。
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