CN103733882A - Novel method for producing sparassis crispa in factorization mode - Google Patents
Novel method for producing sparassis crispa in factorization mode Download PDFInfo
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- CN103733882A CN103733882A CN201310755304.4A CN201310755304A CN103733882A CN 103733882 A CN103733882 A CN 103733882A CN 201310755304 A CN201310755304 A CN 201310755304A CN 103733882 A CN103733882 A CN 103733882A
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Abstract
The invention creates a precedent of factorization production of sparassis crispa which is a rare variety, and no one conducts factorization cultivation on the sparassis crispa in our country so far. A novel method for producing the sparassis crispa in a factorization mode is characterized in that 1 a unique culture medium composed of raw materials such as pine chips, oak chips, corn flour, wheat bran, glucose and soil is invented; 2 a unique composition and a process operation flow are invented; 3 the sparassis crispa can be filled into a glass wide-mouth bottle or a plastic bag to be subjected to high temperature sterilization and culture vaccination culture; 4 a layering support mode is adopted in a room or a factory and is not limited by regional weather, circulation cultivation is conduced throughout the year, and fruiting can be achieved; 5 the requirements for optimum temperature, humidity, illumination, air, nutrient and the like which are controlled in factorization production of the sparassis crispa are met. The method is unique, simple, easy to implement, low in investment and good in benefit, is initiated, and is the novel method which is not adopted by predecessors, and the aim is achieved.
Description
One, technical field
Sparassis crispa (Sparassis crispa (Wulf.) Fr.), has another name called silk ball mushroom, is a kind of rare famous and precious edible mushroom, and it is only second to the treasures such as Cordyceps sinensis, hickory chick, ferfas, and in great demand in every Western Europe country, price is very high.The people generally with suitable identity status could enjoy.Sparassis crispa is all classified rare famous and precious tonic in the world as, not only delicious flavour, nutritious, again anticancer, anti-cancer, the fabulous medicine for the treatment of tumour, the wild place of production of Sparassis crispa and output are all very limited, China is often only has a bit wild, product all exports to foreign countries, and price is very expensive, and per kilogram price is up to the many units of 800-1000.
The history that the artificial cultivation research of Sparassis crispa is explored existing more than 20 year in China because its cultivation condition is special, does not all obtain successfully always completely.Abroad, although Japan, Korea S, tentatively cultivate successfully, blockade on new techniques is very tight, not external.
Sparassis crispa artificial cultivation is that investment is low, instant effect, project that income is large.Because raw material source is abundant, output is high, in demand, and the prospect of marketing is very large.Add firm research successfully, understand and the people that knows little, the domestic nobody of going back is cultivated successfully, genus is engaged in without competition.Be current high-tech project the most in great demand, development prospect is very wide.The famous edible mushroom expert Zhu Douxi of China teaches, and has finally invented the new method of factory culture Sparassis crispa through the explorations of more than 10 years, and this technical method uniqueness, belongs to domestic initiation,
Two, background technology
1, nutritive value
Sparassis crispa is a kind of very rare famous and precious edible mushroom, crisp, fragrant and pleasant to taste, enjoy endless aftertastes, and unique style, like fennel taste, nutrition is abundant especially, and taste is very delicious, is the tender person in edible mushroom.In Sparassis crispa, contain a large amount of protein, carbohydrate, multivitamin, several amino acids and raw fiber and ash content, the nutrient components such as mineral matter, particularly contain a large amount of macromolecule polysaccharides, be anti-cancer, anticancer, improve the important component of body immunity.
After testing, the every hectogram of Sparassis crispa is containing protein 15.58%, lipase 37 .95%, macromolecule polysaccharide 58%, mannitol 12%, carbohydrate 5%, and the nutrient component such as multivitamin and several amino acids.
Sparassis crispa belongs to a kind of high tonic, there is strong essence, kidney tonifying, promote the production of body fluid, moistening lung, refreshing and brain nourishing, strengthen the function of opposing, and can promote human body metabolism, whiteness of skin, tenderize, the effect of bodily form fitness, often eat Sparassis crispa not only healthy, also can cancer-resisting, the long-lived function of prolonging life.
2, medical value
Sparassis crispa is not only fine food, it is again the special medicine of function, present is mainly used in medical aspect, because it is containing a large amount of macromolecule polysaccharides (betal-3glucan), glucan and silk ball mykol (Sparassol), some Sparassis crispa kind glucan is up to more than 60%, it is the choice drug for the treatment of cancer, according to the professor of Tokyo medical university, small white mouse, make anticancer test with it, result shows that the anticancer inhibiting rate of Sparassis crispa reaches 100%, it is a kind of not only nutritious but also anticancer specific function of curing the disease, without any food and the medicine of side effect.
Sparassis crispa except treating various cancers, tumour and, the most important thing is to improve immune function of human body, treatment cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension etc., the long-term edible function that can reduce cholesterol, reduce blood pressure, remove facial colour spot, pigment, freckle, macula lutea and skin-softening beauty.
3, Sparassis crispa biological property
(1), interior condition
Sparassis crispa growth factor is divided into inside and outside two large conditions.Interior condition: mainly refer to the nutrient component of Sparassis crispa itself, Sparassis crispa is a kind of fungi, is oneself manufacture and absorb nutrition by mycelial growth, reaches the object of sporophore growth.Inner nutrition is to consist of elements such as ready-made carbon source, nitrogenous source, mineral salt, and these essences can reach the object of growth conventionally in culture medium raw material and preparation.
In whole medium process for preparation, according to the growth factor requirement of Sparassis crispa, carbon source accounts for 75%, nitrogenous source accounts for 20%, inorganic salts accounts for 5%, generally according to this ratio, carries out raw material and prepares inside nutritional condition and the requirement that just can substantially meet it, and pH value is grasped between 6.0-6.5.
(2), external condition
The external condition of Sparassis crispa mainly refers to growing environment condition, and growing environment condition comprises four conditions such as temperature, humidity, illumination, air.
Temperature: the suitable 10-28 ℃ of mycelial growth of Sparassis crispa, optimum 20-26 ℃, the suitable 15-25 optimum of sporophore growth 18-23 ℃.
Humidity: the suitable 55-70% of base thing water content, optimum 60-65%, the suitable relative air humidity 80-95% of sporophore growth, optimum 85-90%.
Illumination: the suitable low light level of mycelial growth of Sparassis crispa, half-light or unglazed, sporophore growth need be compared with intense light irradiation, but avoids sun direct projection, optimum 500-800 lux light.
Air: the vegetative stage of Sparassis crispa needs fresh air, CO2 concentration is no more than 0.3%, often maintains the circulation of air.
Three, summary of the invention
1, environmental condition
Sparassis crispa artificial cultivation environmental condition is regardless of regional disparity, also regardless of south and northern, all can carry out artificial cultivation, no matter somewhere, key is that to meet its growth conditions all right, environmental condition can artificial reforming, no matter at indoor or outdoors, cultivate, as long as reach temperature requirement, just can grow, high temperature kind in silk ball Pseudomonas, the north can build greenhouse or warm canopy is produced throughout the year, south all can be cultivated in indoor and outdoor throughout the year, if utilize, start the annual 2-3 month of natural season fruiting to produce, the 4-5 month just can fruiting, until it is complete to gather October.
This invention technology is not limited by area, weather conditions, throughout the year all cultivations capable of circulation.
2, raw material condition
The raw material of cultivation Sparassis crispa is very wide, and major ingredient has various wood chips, weed tree sawdust, pine sawdust, cotton seed hulls, corncob, corn straw, bagasse, crops to rise bar powder, wheat straw, straw, peanut shell etc.Auxiliary material has wheat bran, rice bran, corn flour, white sugar, glucose, peptone, gypsum etc.
Main material: vial, plastic jar, plastic sack and relevant medicine, work apparatus etc.
3, appointed condition
The equipment of cultivation Sparassis crispa divides common cultivation or factory culture, as long as it is all right that common cultivation can be produced the equipment of other edible mushroom, basic equipment is to have certain vacant room, factory building, plastic tunnel, operation field, inoculating hood, transfer room, high-temperature sterilization kitchen range, culturing room etc.Factory culture is purchased equipment according to scale of investment or class, mainly contains bottling machine, sack filling machine, blender, sterilizing boiler, wood chip cracker, warm air drier, air-conditioning, humidifier, training workshop, factory building etc.
Preparation method: after the siccatives such as wood chip, corn flour, gypsum, superphosphate are fully mixed thoroughly, after glucose being dissolved with clear water again, add in pan feeding and mix, and then add clear water and supply the moisture in composts or fertilisers of cultivating, make water content reach 65%, with hand, pinch between material finger water breakthrough and do not drip and start bottling while being advisable.The general standard jar of selecting 750 grams of bottle, requires composts or fertilisers of cultivating to be filled to bottle bits, applanation surface, and the inside and outside medium of detergent bottle wall, tampon beyond the Great Wall, carries out high-temperature sterilization, and temperature is identical with cultivation and original seed.
Four, embodiment
1, bottle is planted
The planting type of Sparassis crispa is a lot, according to the situation of various places, can take different planting types, and wherein bottle is planted suitable first examination cultivation or small-scaleization cultivation; success rate is very high; but weak point is that bottle is little, feeds very little, product mushroom is few, generally adopt the large bottle of plastics or plastic sack fruiting better.
Raw material and formula:
(1), thick oak considers 75% to be worth doing, corn flour 20%, glucose 3%, soil 1%, gypsum 1%, PH6.2, water content 65%.
(2), thick pine sawdust 70%, corn flour 27%, glucose 2%, gypsum 1%, pH value 6.2, water content 65%.
(3), weed tree sawdust 75%, corn flour 20%, glucose 3%, fine earth 1%, gypsum 1%, pH value 6.2, water content 65%.
(4), cotton seed hulls 70%, corn flour 25%, glucose 3%, fine earth 1%, gypsum 1%, pH value 6.0, water content 65%.
Spice: above-mentioned raw materials and formula can optional one group be mixed, after first siccative being weighed up in proportion, fully mix, and then glucose is dissolved in water, adding in pan feeding and mix thoroughly, water content must rest between 65%, with hand, pinch material, between finger seam, water breakthrough does not drip and is advisable, and grasps moisture content very crucial, and moisture content is too much very few all can bring impact to mycelial growth and fruiting.
Bottling: the material of mixing is packed in bottle, and limit rim is trembled, object is that material is trembled to reality, trembled tightly, material is filled to after bottleneck, uses spades applanation surface, requires surfacing, consolidation, then dry or detergent bottle wall inside and outside the medium be infected with, tampon beyond the Great Wall, enters high-temperature sterilization.
Sterilizing: charged vial is put into high-pressure sterilizing pot, open valve and emit cold air when 0.5 pound of temperature rise, turn off valve while waiting pointer to get back to original position zero and continue to heat up, be raised to always and maintain 1-2 hour when pointer arrives 15 pounds.
If employing normal-pressure sterilization, treats in kitchen range that medium temperature rises to more than 100 ℃ and keeps 8-10 hour, after sterilizing, take out bottle, put into immediately the inoculation that carries out disinfection of inoculating hood or transfer room.
Sterilization: put into inoculating hood (chamber) after bacterial classification and alcolhol burner, transfer needle one being reinstated to 75% wipes of alcohol examination sterilization, carry out again space disinfection, sterilization method one is to mix generation gas depoisoning with potassium permanganate with formaldehyde, by 5 grams, 10 milliliters, formaldehyde for every cubic metre, space, potassium permanganate, carries out disinfection.Another kind method be with aerial fog disinfectant in the sterilizing of burning of explanation ratio, after half an hour, start inoculation.
Inoculation: in inoculating hood (chamber), every bottle of original seed is put into bottle with inoculation hook hook one fritter, has filled in tampon, and general every bottle of original seed can connect culture bottle 50-60 bottle, puts into culturing room and send out bacterium cultivation after inoculation.
Cultivate: Sparassis crispa bottle cultivation cultural hypha in early stage or fruit body fruiting are to carry out in the multi-layer rack factory building of temperature and humidity control control light, require temperature to be controlled between 16-25 ℃, early stage, two weeks can lucifuge be cultivated, after two weeks, can strengthen light cultivates, object is to impel to form early former base, fruiting early, but avoid sunshine shining directly.
When the mycelia of Sparassis crispa grows to 3-5 centimetre, bottleneck surface just there will be former base, when former base grows to bottleneck to tampon, can remove tampon and by it, grow bottleneck and hack.
2, plastic bottle is planted
The plastic bottle of Sparassis crispa is planted with vial and is planted, and plastic bottle cultivating method and operation technological process are basic identical, are generally standardized cultivations, and bottleneck is larger, and charging is convenient, and fruiting is better, suitable for mechanization bottling, and batch production is produced.
Composition of raw materials: (1), pine sawdust 72%, corn flour 25%, grape 2%, gypsum 1%, water 65%, pH value 6.5.
(2), weed tree sawdust 75%, corn flour 22%, grape 2%, gypsum 1%, water 65%, pH value 6.5.
(3), corncob 78%, corn flour 20%, grape 1%, gypsum 1%, water 65%, pH value 6.5.
Spice: above-mentioned formula is chosen any one kind of them and prepared, after first raw material being mixed in proportion, glucose is dissolved with clear water, add in pan feeding, and supply moisture, start bottling while making water content reach 65%.
Bottling: the material of mixing is packed in bottle, require limit rim compacting, particularly bottleneck surface will be flattened, compresses, the one, prevent moisture evaporation, the 2nd, the former base that is conducive to fruit body forms, after material installs, wash away the medium of being infected with inside and outside bottleneck, cover bottle cap and carry out sterilizing.
Sterilizing: if adopt autoclaving, maintain 1-2 hour under 15 pounds of pressure, adopt normal-pressure sterilization, temperature must reach more than 100 ℃ and keep 8-10 hour, can inoculate after cooling.
Sterilization: the plastic bottle after sterilizing is put into inoculating hood or transfer room, again bacterial classification, work apparatus, transfer needle are carried out to space disinfection together with putting into inoculating hood after 75% alcohol disinfecting, sterilization method, by every cubic metre of space, with 10 milliliters of potassium aldehyde, add 5 grams of potassium permanganate and mix generation gas depoisoning, or use aerial fog disinfectant fumigation, after half an hour, can inoculate.
Inoculation: every bottle of original seed can be by plastic bottle 50-60 bottle, requires bacterial classification multiple in surperficial skim, to prevent living contaminants, is conducive to again mycelium germination.
Cultivate: after inoculation, move plastic bottle to culturing room, and neat being put on culturing rack, temperature is transferred between 18-25 ℃, and the illumination of vegetative stage, humidity, api request are not high, and key is that temperature is very important, if utilize natural season fruiting, the general fruiting time rests in from the 5-6 month starting fruiting optimum, and the cultural hypha phase just should shift to an earlier date inoculation in 40-50 days, and mycelia grows to 4-5cm left and right, surface just there will be former base, when former base grows to bottleneck, open bottle cap, allow its fruiting.
3, plastic sack is planted:
Plastic bag cultivation: composition of raw materials: (1) pine sawdust 70%, corn flour 20%, glucose 2%, gypsum 1%, superphosphate 1%, fine earth 6%, PH6.5, water content 65%.
(2) cotton seed hulls 70%, corn flour 25%, glucose 2%, gypsum 2%, superphosphate 1%, fine earth 1%, PH6.5, water content 65%.
(3) weed tree sawdust 25%, wheat bran 20%, glucose 2%, gypsum 2%, fine earth 1%, PH6.5, water content 65%.
Method of operating: by optional above-mentioned raw materials formula one group, mixing adds clear water to be adjusted to water content 60% after mixing thoroughly, pinches material with hand, and between webs, water breakthrough does not drip and is advisable, then pack.
Plastic sack requires: no matter polypropylene or polyethylene mould all right, specification 17 × 33cm, the general 0.3-0.5cm of thickness, then starts charging.Requirement loads, dress bag length 1/2, after installing on sack one headgear the plastics necklace of diameter 3cm, tampon carries out high-temperature sterilization beyond the Great Wall.
Plastic sack sterilizing methods: generally adopt local method sterilizing optimum, during pack, best layering dress, in order to avoid step on gas, keeps 8-10 hour, cooling rear inoculation at 100 ℃.
(1), drug disinfection in inoculating hood: every cubic metre of space can carry out disinfection with 5 grams of potassium permanganate and 10 milliliters of formaldehyde mists.
(2), ultraviolet lamp disinfection in inoculating hood: can be according to inoculating hood and transfer room size, the ultra violet lamp 30 minutes of 10-30 watt is installed.
(3), the suitable transfer room of steam sterilizing uses, before two kinds of suitable inoculating hood sterilizings of method.The source of steam can adopt diverse ways according to local condition.Available stove, the boiled water generates steam of electric furnace or with not stopping pregnancy of steam boiler and steam, reduce and get rid of space miscellaneous bacteria with steam gas.After inoculation, cultural method is identical with above-mentioned bottle cultivating method.
4, Sparassis crispa management of producing mushroom technology is produced in batch production
No matter Sparassis crispa is that vial is planted, and plastic bottle is planted, and plastic sack is planted, and the management of its vegetative stage is all basic identical, and the administrative skill after fruiting is substantially the same.
Temperature treatment requires: after Sparassis crispa fruiting, be mainly the management of external environment condition, comprise the conditions such as temperature, humidity, illumination, air.Fruiting temperature must remain between 18-23 ℃, is preferably controlled at 18-23 ℃ of scope, bad below or above this scope growth.
Moisture management requires: Sparassis crispa growing environment requires moisture state, between mushroom room or booth can take artificial water spray, need spray twice general every day, specifically to determine according to the size of Climate Dryness/Wetness degree and mushroom, in a word, keep Sparassis crispa fruit body edge non-yellowing, moist being advisable.The preferably Earth tide circulation moisture of plastic tunnel, relative air humidity is between 85-95%, is conducive to the healthy growth of fruit body.
Illumination management requires: although Sparassis crispa growth can not be carried out photosynthesis, but need light could promote the formation of fruit body, can not normal growth under full secret note part, direct sunlight also can be suppressed growth, keeps illumination between 500-800 lux, to grow favourable.
Air administrative requires: after Sparassis crispa fruiting, along with the continuous growth of fruit body, the air needing also strengthens gradually, in sporophore growth process, and the fresh and cross-ventilation state of air in must holding chamber, CO2 concentration is generally no more than 0.3%.
5, the Sparassis crispa process technology of gathering
(1), Sparassis crispa harvesting technique
After Sparassis crispa fruiting, through 1-2 month manage with delicacy, Sparassis crispa is growth and maturity, and ripeness standard is that bacterium sheet fully launches, and sheet is large, all can start to gather when the growth of bacterium sheet Edge-stopping, jaundice, deliquescing.The collecting method of Sparassis crispa, plucks or cuts off from base portion with blade with hand getting, is not with medium, the bacterium sheet in order to avoid medium is made dirty.
Sparassis crispa growth fraction is slower, absorbs nutritional capacity very strong, and the nutrient of composts or fertilisers of cultivating has almost been sucked by Sparassis crispa, generally can only gather a collection of.
(2), Sparassis crispa process technology
After Sparassis crispa is gathered, the marketing fresh of can directly going on the market, fresh goods storage tolerance, approximately can deposit about 10 days.If make dry product, the one, be placed directly under the sun and dry, the 2nd, artificial baking, the 3rd, warm air drier or dehydration mechanism are dry.After Sparassis crispa is dry, can direct marketing or edible, or the anticancer component such as refine medicine and polysaccharide, if Sparassis crispa dry product is deposited available plastic bag sealing, moistureproof preservation.
(3), Sparassis crispa eating method
The eating method of Sparassis crispa: after Sparassis crispa dry product is soaked in water and sends out and rise, clean silt, can carry out with meat close stewed, element is fried, braises in soy sauce, is stewed in clear soup, and meat close stir-fry, burn, boil soup or the method such as steep in wine.
The invention belongs to unprecedented method, have simple, invest low, income good, belongs to domestic initiation, be the new method that forefathers did not do, this method has reached the object of invention.
Claims (5)
1. the new method of Sparassis crispa is produced in batch production; It is characterized in that having invented and in indoor or factory building, adopt Artificial Control to reach the new method of required temperature, humidity, illumination, air, nutrition and explained hereafter.
2. the new method of Sparassis crispa is produced in batch production; According to the method for claim one, it is characterized in that inventing the required condition control requirement of batch production, temperature control is 18-23 ℃, humidity 60-65% is base thing water content, 85-95% is relative air humidity, illumination is 250-300 lux, and air is that CO2 concentration is no more than 0.3% and unique medium nutrient formulation.
3. the new method of Sparassis crispa is produced in batch production; According to the method for claim two, it is characterized in that inventing batch production and produced raw material and the nutrition of Sparassis crispa uniqueness, invented culture medium prescription, its raw materials for production are wood chip, comprise the raw materials such as pine sawdust, oak bits, cotton seed hulls, corn flour, glucose.
4. the new method of Sparassis crispa is produced in batch production; According to the method for claim three, it is characterized in that inventing batch production and produced the culture medium prescription of Sparassis crispa:
1., pine sawdust 70%, corn flour 20%, gypsum 1%, superphosphate 1%, fine earth 6%, PH6.5, water content 65%.
2., oak considers 75% to be worth doing, corn flour 20%, glucose 3%, soil 1%, gypsum 1%, PH6.5, water content 65%.
3., weed tree sawdust 75%, wheat bran 20%, white sugar 3%, fine earth 1%, gypsum 1%, PH6.5, water content 65%.
4., cotton seed hulls 70%, rice bran 25%, glucose 2%, gypsum 2%, fine earth 1%, PH6.5, water content 65%.
5. the new method of Sparassis crispa is produced in batch production; According to the method for claim four, it is characterized in that having invented after above-mentioned formula mixing, all can pack transparent vial, plastic bottle, wide-mouth bottle into, in the plastic sack of 17 × 33cm transparent polypropylene HTHP, through high-temperature sterilization 100-120 ℃, keep, after 5-8 hour, under aseptic condition, being connected to bacterial classification, carry out indoor or factory building multilayer posture and cultivate, gather to fruiting.
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| CN104396564A (en) * | 2014-11-11 | 2015-03-11 | 汤阴森奇生物技术有限公司 | Method for substitute cultivation of favolus by utilizing plastic bags |
| CN104718979A (en) * | 2015-02-27 | 2015-06-24 | 昆明罗望子科工贸有限公司 | Wild sparassis crispa original-ecological planting method |
| CN106520561A (en) * | 2015-09-15 | 2017-03-22 | 心Bio株式会社 | Method for manufacturing culture medium of sparassis crispa |
| CN109220545A (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2019-01-18 | 福建省农业科学院食用菌研究所（福建省蘑菇菌种研究推广站） | Using pine cedar sawdust as the Sparassis crispa cultivation matrix of raw material and its Sparassis crispa cultural method |
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Application publication date: 20140423 |