CN103733861B - Administer the method for the dry point of leek/Huang - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of method of administering the dry point of leek/Huang, careful diagnosis is carried out to aspects such as the nutrition conditions about leek growing environment (soil nutrient, pH value), leek diseases and insect pests and this life of leek, caused by specify that the main cause system soil acidification of dry point and damage by disease and insect are seriously.The green prevention and control technology, leek high-yield culturing fertilizer practice etc. of soil conditioning technology, damage by disease and insect is introduced for this problem, the research of every single technology has been carried out to the leek of different breeding times, and be integrated with " applying organic manure+soil conditioning+damage by disease and insect prevention and control " integrated new technology, the leek effectively solved in leek production does sharp problem, the strong yield and quality improving leek.

Description

Administer the method for the dry point of leek/Huang

Technical field

The present invention relates to leek production technical field, be specifically related to a kind of method of administering the dry point of leek/Huang.

Background technology

The subject matter that leek production faces is that leek does point and damage by disease and insect occurrence injury is serious, is difficult to control, is mainly manifested in three aspects: one is that leek does sharp disease very seriously, falls ill and reaches 100%; Two is that the damage by disease and insect occurrence injury such as gray mold, epidemic disease, soft rot, aphid, thrips are serious, and difficulty of prevention and cure is large, easily causes the problems such as product residue of pesticide; Three is consumer's increases in demand to pollution-free food leek, and manufacturing enterprise and vegetable grower lack corresponding technological reserve.Due to above-mentioned outstanding problem, the leek difficulty of manufacturing enterprise and vegetable grower's production high yield and high-quality is strengthened.Therefore these problems become the Main Bottleneck that leek produces, and are also to need the technical barrier solving and capture badly during leek produces.

Summary of the invention

Instant invention overcomes the deficiencies in the prior art, the method better administering the dry point of leek/Huang is provided.

Consider the problems referred to above of prior art, according to an aspect disclosed by the invention, the present invention by the following technical solutions:

Administer a method for the dry point of leek/Huang, comprising:

Soil conditioning: the acid degree of the acid ground of plantation leek/Huang is reduced, is adjusted to faintly acid, neutrality or weakly alkaline soil.

In order to realize the present invention better, further technical scheme is:

According to one embodiment of the invention, in the acid ground of described plantation leek/Huang, add conditioner to reduce the acid degree of soil.

According to one embodiment of the invention, described conditioner is quicklime, exempt from Shen root conditioner and field master worker's conditioner one or more.

According to one embodiment of the invention, described quicklime applies the planting site of leek/Huang by least 80 kilograms every mu.

According to one embodiment of the invention, described in exempt from Shen root conditioner by every mu at least 1000g apply the planting site of leek/Huang.

According to one embodiment of the invention, described field master worker's conditioner applies the planting site of leek/Huang by least 80 kilograms every mu.

According to one embodiment of the invention, also comprise damage by disease and insect prevention and control:

Medicament is applied to described leek/Huang: 68% gold medal thunder water dispersant, Bhide are sharp, one or more in biopesticide Osthole, 50% dimethomorph water dispersant.

According to one embodiment of the invention, field master worker's soil conditioner is imposed by least 50 kilograms every mu during first time ridging after leek/Huang at every turn harvesting, apply every mu of at least 150 kilograms of fertilizers simultaneously, spread fertilizer over the fields earthing behind leek railway carriage or compartment, prevention and control are carried out to damage by disease and insect simultaneously.

According to one embodiment of the invention, by quicklime at least 15kg/ mu add BGA conditioner at least 40 kgs/acre, be first sprinkling upon and treat kind of a leek field, plough deeply once; Above treating evenly to be sprinkling upon by the Blockbuster biological organic fertilizer of 40kg/ mu after two days, then after thin for soil rake, get final product ridging, then transplant planting;

Blockbuster fertilizer at least 40kg/ mu and composite fertilizer at least 20kg is imposed when leek first time ridging; Apply fertilizer identical in second time ridging with first time.

The present invention can also be:

According to one embodiment of the invention, ground is ploughed deeply at least after 25cm ~ 30cm, again conditioner is pressed 100 kilograms/every mu, evenly spread fertilizer over the fields above, then meticulous conditioner and the soil of making fully mixes wholely, ditch by the spacing of 80 ㎝ subsequently, ditch depth 20 ㎝ ~ 25 ㎝, furrow width 20cm ~ 25cm, just training straight for the low bank of earth between fields training formed after trench digging, to clap having peace of mind from both sides the low bank of earth between fields again, finally field planting leek seedling is treated in whole for bottom of trench thin leveling.

Compared with prior art, one of beneficial effect of the present invention is:

The method of the dry point of improvement leek/Huang of the present invention, is integrated with " applying organic manure+soil conditioning+damage by disease and insect prevention and control " integrated new technology, and the leek effectively solved in leek production does sharp problem, the strong yield and quality improving leek.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

Following examples are analyzed for the practical condition in certain leek base:

Careful diagnosis is carried out to aspects such as the nutrition conditions about leek growing environment (soil nutrient, pH value), leek diseases and insect pests and this life of leek, caused by specify that the main cause system soil acidification of dry point and damage by disease and insect are seriously.The green prevention and control technology, leek high-yield culturing fertilizer practice etc. of soil conditioning technology, damage by disease and insect is introduced for this problem, the research of every single technology has been carried out to the leek of different breeding times, and be integrated with " applying organic manure+soil conditioning+damage by disease and insect prevention and control " integrated new technology, the leek effectively solved in leek production does sharp problem, the strong yield and quality improving leek.

The achievement that test obtains is mainly as follows:

It is mainly caused by soil acidification that 1.1 clear and definite leek blades do point

1.1.1 leek blade does the closely related of sharp degree and soil pH value;

(1) sampling survey is adjusted in land for growing field crops

The one of the main reasons doing point for leek is soil acid evil, this project first in Tang Yuan Lin Shi village, Jin Ning village etc. ground select blade to do the different field of sharp occurrence degree, range estimation leek blade do sharp occurrence degree (by slight, moderate, in lay particular stress on, weigh four grade evaluations), and adopt five point samplings, soil sampling Potentiometric Determination soil pH value, the results are shown in Table 1.

Table 1 leek occurring degree and P in soil H value relation

When soil pH is about 7, soil is neutral soil, and dry point is light.When soil acidity or alkalinity is highly acid time, it is serious that leek does sharp degree, reaches more than 60%.The relation that blade is done between sharp occurrence degree and soil pH value is obvious, and the field that pH value is lower, dry point is heavier.

(2) field trial is diagnosed out soil acidity or alkalinity and leek to do point to be closely related

At the every community 10.5m of native soil ²carry out adjust ph by the quicklime imposing different amount, found that, along with the raising of quicklime addition, pH value also has rising to a certain degree, and the dry sharp rate of leek should have decline mutually; Before and after conditioning, the dry sharp rate of leek is obviously different, conditioning effect fairly obvious (table 2).Further illustrating the acid-base value of soil and blade, to do sharp relation very close.

Table 2 soil acidity or alkalinity and the relation doing sharp rate

(3) land for growing field crops generaI investigation shows that ten thousand mu, Tang Yuan town leek (Huang) production base soil acidification degree is heavy and general

The dry point of leek and leek production base soil pH substantial connection, but the acidizing degree of soil how actually, this project is random searching multiple fields of leek production base and neighbouring village again, the neutral field proportion of pH=6.5 ~ 7.5 is zero, pH=5.5 ~ 6.5 faintly acid field accounts for 12.9%, the acid field in pH=4.5 ~ 5.5 accounts for the highly acid field proportion of 22.58%, pH<4.5 up to 64.52%, illustrates that soil acid evil degree is very serious.By carrying out pH mensuration to the soil of not planting leek around leek field, found that, plant the soil of the field of vegetables of other vegetables in acid, and the field of planting paddy rice and flowers being faintly acid.Further pH value mensuration is carried out to the irrigation water in leek base, eliminate the impact of irrigation water on soil acidity or alkalinity.

1.1.2 the dry point of leek and fertilizer type and fertilization mode relation not obvious

Whether leek does sharp field has relation with fertilizer type and fertilization mode, soil acid evil is caused by fertilization mode is improper? this Project Investigation leek does some peasant households of sharp field, wherein spread fertilizer over the fields composite fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and nitrogenous fertilizer field in the majority, the field that biological organic fertilizer and farmyard manure are used is few.To the leek production field investigation of other two local not dry points find its fertilizer type used and fertilization mode same as described above, and with it unlike the difference of pH value, the leek field pH of dry point be neutrality.The main cause of the dry point of fertilizer type and leek (Huang) production base leek, fertilization mode Bu Shitangyuan town (Huang) is described.

1.1.3 leek to do point and micro-fertilizer and plant modifying agent relation not obvious

In soil, shortage trace element or some excessive microelement also can cause the dry point of leek.So this project gets rid of dry sharp reason one by one, further soil nutritional diagnosis is carried out, in table 3 to the booth soil sample (sample one) in base and the leek growth soil (sample three) that better soil (sample two) and leek grow more almost.Found that the soil macroelement of sampling in leek (Huang) production base, ten thousand mu, Tang Yuan town comprises full nitrogen, full phosphorus, full potassium, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, effectively potassium and organic matter etc. are all at abundant and very abundant category, trace element in soil is as all abundanter in copper, Zn-ef ficiency and iron content, calcium element content is higher, and manganese element, boron element and magnesium elements lack, pH measures and also shows that soil is highly acid and acidity.Therefore for above situation, within latter about 12 days, beat in leek harvesting that micro-B is fertile, Mn is fertile and built agent (1.8% IDALL's receipts liquor+0.001% brassin lactones liquor+amino acid), within one week, " Invest, Then Investigate " finds, leek after process is dry point still, but the degree of dry point alleviates to some extent, spray Tetrapack effect of boron relatively better, and the dry sharp rate of contrast reaches 100%.Dry point prevented and treated by above-mentioned micro-fertilizer and conditioner certain effect, but not fairly obvious.

Table 3 Tang Yuan town sampling leek soil nutrient is analyzed

1.1.4 dry sharp leek leaf nutrition composition declines, severe potassium deficiency element

According to above-mentioned result of study, it is not obvious with the nutrition condition relation of fertilizer and soil that leek does point, and acid evil becomes the main cause that leek does point.Because acid ground is unfavorable for plant absorption nutritive element, affect leek growth, and then cause dry sharp yellow leaf.So the leek that this project is different to sharp degree dry in base, carry out Foliar nutrient diagnosis.With reference to the leek nutrient component announced, by contrasting rear discovery, it is heavier that leek does sharp degree, and the content of total amino acid, crude protein and total reducing sugar is lower; Potassium element comparatively contrasts and differs greatly; Calcium element content is higher, and iron, magnesium and manganese also have different (table 4).Potassium deficiency or the excessive limb edge jaundice often caused, mostly occur on the blade of middle and lower part.Illustrate that soil acid evil can cause the shortage of leek potassium and cause the dry point of leek.

Table 4 leek leaf composition compares

1.1.5 different agents control leek does sharp disease DeGrain

From twice investigation result statistical conditions (table 5 and 6), after the control of leek disease with medicament, the dry sharp degree of leek comparatively contrasts and progressively alleviates, but preventive effect is not fairly obvious.This result side light leek does point except the impact of disease, also has the impact of other factors.On the other hand, the effect of fertilization mode medicament for matching control to the dry point of control has a certain impact, generally speaking, the mode that in controlling disease, the filling of fertilizer is executed is better than spreads fertilizer over the fields, its reason may be that tank is executed lower leek and improved the availability of fertilizer, plant is more healthy and stronger, is conducive to improving the ability of biology or abiotic stress to external world.

The dry point of table 5 Tang Yuan town leek Chemicals test first time investigation

The dry point of table 6 Tang Yuan town leek Chemicals test second time investigation

Investigated further by system leek being done to sharp reason, analyze the principal element causing leek to do point one by one, it is mainly soil acidification that last clear and definite leek does point.

1.2 introduce the dry point test of soil conditioner control leek blade makes important progress

Do after sharp reason carries out research and analysis to ten thousand mu, Tang Yuan town leek (Huang) production base leek, be cause leek to do on the main cause basis of point in clear and definite soil acid evil, this project introduces soil conditioner and carried out soil conditioning does sharp controlling experiment to leek.

1.2.1 different soils conditioner does sharp field efficacy to leek

" field master worker " soil conditioner (popular bio tech ltd, Guangdong), BGA soil conditioner (the green angel Science and Technology Ltd. in Beijing) are introduced in test, additional conventional quicklime totally three kinds.Test adopts randomized arrangement, and plot area 10.5m2, repeats 3 times.First the cultivated leek of pine is native in the ranks, according to conditioner instructions for use, soil and conditioner every mu 50 kilograms is measured after mixing, then fills in counter for the soil of conditioning in the ranks, then pour water.Experimental field apply fertilizer, water and gather etc. and be all consistent with land for growing field crops.In good time observed and recorded.Random selecting 10 strain of beginning Shou Qige community, the biological characters etc. such as mensuration plant height, stem are thick, functional leaf area, chlorophyll, Vc, total reducing sugar, total nitrogen, crude protein.By inquiry, conditioner small plot experiment result is as follows:

(1) soil conditioner control blade does sharp successful

After conditioning, leek grows investigation in 40 days, the results are shown in Table 7.See on the whole, the leek of process does sharp mild degree, and the leaf look of field master worker's conditioner and the process of BGA soil conditioner is dark green, grows vigorous, and the rotten leaf of plant lower blade is less.In the significance level of 5%, the dry sharp rate of quicklime, field master worker and BGA with contrast that there were significant differences, dry sharp rate size respectively 33.62%, 40.35%, 41.50% and 52.11%, the comparatively contrast of quicklime process is done sharp rate and is reduced 18.49%.

Dry sharp rate under table 7 respectively processes and growing state

(2) the leek economic characters after conditioning increase

As can be seen from Table 8, it is wide remarkable with contrast difference that the leek plant height under each process, stem are thick, leaf comes into leaves, and the leaf area of contrast is less than quicklime, field master worker's conditioner and BGA conditioner, and the field leaf of master worker's conditioner to leek is wide and leaf area raising is larger.Generally speaking, processing the effect of leek economic characters is field master worker's conditioner >BGA conditioner > quicklime.

Leek economic characters under table 8 respectively processes compare

(3) leek output can be improved after soil conditioner process

As can be seen from Table 9, each cell production difference of process is remarkable, but comparatively contrasts and be all improved to some extent.Leek effect of increasing production after process is BGA conditioner > quicklime > field master worker's conditioner.

Table 9 respectively processes Yield compari@

(4) and the index of quality photosynthetic on leek impact is respectively processed not obvious

As can be seen from Table 10, after process, the change of photosynthetic index of correlation is little, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b and the contrast of Chlorophyll content maximum, the carotenoid content of the rear leek of quicklime process is maximum.Decline on the contrary after the VC content process of leek blade, crude protein, total nitrogen and total reducing sugar difference is not obvious.Therefore conditioner to the Photosynthetic Index of leek and qualitative effects little.

Photosynthetic and the index of quality that table 10 respectively processes

(5) soil conditioner can affect soil physico-chemical property

Before and after process, we get soil survey, the results are shown in Table 11 and 12.Within 40 days, investigate pH after imposing 50kg conditioner by mu, the pH value quicklime conditioning of soil is risen the fastest, reaches 6.17, than contrast raising 0.93; After the master worker's conditioner conditioning of field, pH rises slightly, and BGA does not change pH value substantially.Full nitrogen in soil, full phosphorus and full potassium, available phosphorus, effectively potassium and organic matter and trace element zinc, boron, calcium and magnesium have rising.Each inorganic agent is all improved available N and P and potassium, improve available phosphorus and potassium amplitude the highest be BGA.

Table 11 inorganic agent is on the impact of soil constituent

Trace element in table 12 soil

1.2.2 the consumption of different soils conditioner has been filtered out

For groping the accurate consumption of conditioner and expanding the new conditioner of screening, carry out the test of soil conditioner various dose in the new cultivation field of continuous cropping.When gathering in the crops, the output of hotbed chives is investigated (table 13).Result shows, the use of all conditioners, and promoting the output of leek has larger effect.Wherein field master worker volume increase is comparatively stable, substantially 40% ~ 50%.It is comparatively outstanding that quicklime applies the volume increase of rear hotbed chives by 80 kilograms every mu, up to 94.30%.Exempting from Shen root is the conditioner that a kind of relative quicklime and field master worker are more economic, every mu apply 1000g after, leek effect of increasing production is very remarkable, and up to 92.26%, but along with the increasing of dosage, amplification diminishes on the contrary.Comprehensive sight it, yield-increasing efficiency is that quicklime 80 kgs/acre of > exempt from Shen root 1000 grams/acre of > field master workers 80 kgs/acre, but from the adjustment aspect of leek acid-base value, field master worker 80 kgs/acre of > quicklimes 80 kgs/acre of > exempt from Shen root 1000 grams/acre.Determine the leek field of pH value below 5.5 according to every overall target, " field master worker " conditioner, BGA conditioner and quicklime are all available to 100 kilograms.And exempt from Shen plough use be 1000g/ mu.

The different conditioner consumption test of table 13

1.3 investigate thoroughly leek main diseases and insect pests kind and harmful characteristics, for effective prevention and control are laid a good foundation

Through the on-site inspection of 2 years, substantially found out main diseases and insect pests kind and the harmful characteristics of leek, and new discovery two kinds harm is serious, the unacquainted insect of common people, that is: green onion must squama moth and root mite.Leek Major Diseases has grey mold, epidemic disease, soft rot and southern blight; Major Pests comprises green onion must squama moth, slug, aphid, root mite etc.

Its main endanger trait is as follows:

Gray mold (Botrytissquamosa) Walker: also known as Leucoplakia, be commonly called as " white point " disease, " extreme misery wind ", occurs general.For the important disease of winter-spring season leek.This disease is low at temperature, the temperature difference is large, moist and rainwater is many easily occur, occur the most serious in 3 ~ April, hypopathia field can the underproduction 10% ~ 30%, and grave illness field can reach more than 60%, has a strong impact on the yield and quality of leek.Germ mainly so that the invalid body of sclerotium in soil to be survived the winter, or also can survive the winter in warmer climate area conidium on invalid body.Spring in next year runs into suitable condition, and sclerotial germination aerial mycelium, produces conidium again, by means of air-flow, rainwater its spread in china.Each results all can become scattered about soil table germ, cause young leaves and catch an illness.

Epidemic disease PhytophthoranicotianaeBreddeHaan: blade is injured be just dirty-green water soaking mode scab, and hang contracting in sick portion, blade flavescence is wilting.Scab soft corruption during wet weather, has canescence frost.At hot summer, high temperature, high humidity, hypsography low-lying, field ponding, impeded drainage, the partially excessive growth of nitrogen fertilizer application plant or poor, the airtight harvesting of growth too much, occur serious time malnutritive.General to occur to mid-November mid-June.Germ mainly survives the winter with invalid body with mycelium, egg spore and chlamydospore in soil, when next year, condition was suitable for, produces sporangium and zoospore, and propagate by means of wind and rain or current, the mode with germ tube after sprouting directly invades Cuticle.After morbidity during high humidity, produce sporangium in sick portion again, by means of wind and rain its spread in china, carry out superinfection.The growth temperature of germ is limited to 12 ~ 36 DEG C, and 25 ~ 32 DEG C the suitableeest, and after general rainy season or heavy rain, weather clears up suddenly, and temperature sharply rises, and disease is easily popular.

Soft rot Erwiniacarotovorasubsp.carotovora (Jones) Bergeyetal: cause harm blade and stem.Blade, leaf sheath are come into being the translucent scab of canescence, sick portion and basal part of stem is softening rots after expanding, and ooze out mucus, distribute stench.Germ, mainly in strain of reserving seed for planting, soil, survive the winter in compost etc., is borrowed rainwater, irrigation water and insect activity its spread in china in field, invades from wound or physiology breach.Summer and autumn occurs more.

Southern blight Sderotiumrolfsiisace: root-like stock and false stem all can be injured.Fibrous root and root-like stock be injured after the soft corruption of browning, lose absorption function, cause overground part here to wither and withered gradually; False stem be injured after the initial stage cause that siphonal lobe is withered and yellow to come off, later stage stem stalk soft corruption lodging is dead.In humid conditions, sick portion and peripheral ground thereof all can produce white thin,tough silk shape mycelia, the middle and later periods mycelia be combined into white bulbil.Germ to be mainly lost in soil with invalid body with sclerotium and to survive the winter, and propagate by irrigation water and rainwater sputtering, sclerotial germination mycelia carries out First aggression, and field diseases spreads climbing up by holding on to and contagion mainly through mycelia.

Green onion palpus squama moth Acrolepiaalliella: leek moth, the little moth of fragrant-flowered garlic.Liliaceous vegetable and the wild plants such as harm leek, green onion, onion.With larva at green onion leaf crevice place moth food, the serious lobus cardiacus that causes turns yellow, and a kind of sedge is many wrecks from wound for leaf and flower, reduces yield and quality.Cause harm from spring to Qiu Junyou, serious field blade is all gnawed and is fractureed.General April endangers as seen, and harm can extend to early December.

Slug Agriolimaxagrestis: also known as water slug, be commonly called as slug is a kind of mollusk, and slug survives the winter under the humid soil of crop root with adult or the young, and annual 4 ~ June and 9 ~ November cause harm heavier.Slug keeps in dark place, and under high light, i.e. death, therefore all nocturnalism in 2 ~ 3 hours, set out, reach peak, slipped in soil or shelter successively again before early morning when evening 10 ~ 11 from dusk.Hunger tolerance is strong, can not eat motionless under deprivation of food or bad condition.Dark moist environment is easy to large generation, when temperature 11.5 ~ 18.5 DEG C, when soil moisture content is 20% ~ 30%, grows the most favourable to it.

Aphid Neotoxopteraformosana (Takahashi): blade back or tender tip tender leaf caused harm, causes internode to shorten, bend, the downward deformity of spire is crispaturaed, and makes plant short and small.There is tens of generation.Temperature 16 DEG C ~ 22 DEG C, relative air humidity 75% ~ 85% time, aphid breeding is the fastest, causes harm the heaviest.

Root mite Rhizoglyphus: the bulb under soil table of mainly causing harm and fibrous root, the root dish and the fibrous root base portion that are often gathered in bulb are caused harm, and are many with the crevice place between two bulbs; Leaf sheath base outer killed after can to the inside and bulb organize internal layer develop, killed bulb growth is bad, tiny, minimizing of tillering, blackening brown time serious, causes germ to grow corruption smelly.Time serious, complete stool is withered, causes wilting death in blocks, occurs disconnected ridge phenomenon of being short of seedling.Spring and autumn harm is serious.

1.4 introduce leek (Huang) damage by disease and insect green prevention and control technology, Be very effective

1.4.1 a collection of high-efficiency low-toxicity new chemical medicament is filtered out

Produce for leek and above lack medicament that is efficient, low toxicity, and most disease and pest produces resistance problem to existing medicament, this project has carried out the screening and assessment experimental study of new medicament, and result brief overview is as follows:

A: filter out the sharp and biopesticide Osthole of the medicament 68% gold medal thunder water dispersant of control leek epidemic disease, Bhide: the new medicament 10 kinds selecting control leek Major Diseases, by prevention control leek epidemic disease effectiveness comparison small plot experiment, found that 68% gold medal thunder water dispersant, 600 times of preventive effects are better, can 67.01% be reached, for the preventive effect all relative with lasting effect poor (table 14 and 15) of other medicaments of examination.Other disease pharmacy control efficacies relatively, the more difficult control of epidemic disease of leek.

Due to leek epidemic disease rainfall is plentiful, the summer of high temperature often breaks out and is very popular, Chemical control times is more, but preventive effect is very micro-after often there is field rotating medicine, and then cause leek Severe Reduction even to have no harvest situation, this test is for this kind of situation, increase the screening of leek epidemic prevention and control medicament, after particularly occurring for leek epidemic disease, effect of chemical control compares small plot experiment, focus on the biopesticide kind and highly-effective low-residue agricultural chemicals that filter out high-efficiency prevention and control leek epidemic disease, apply in production.

Biao14Tang Yuan town leek Chemicals test (epidemic disease) first time investigation

Biao15Tang Yuan town leek Chemicals test (epidemic disease) second time investigation

Table 16 leek epidemic disease test of pesticide effectiveness investigation result

This experimental field selects to reach after 100% at the leek epidemic disease incidence of disease, carries out chemical control experiment.Result shows (table 16), and in 12 kinds of biopesticides, Osthole preventive effect is better, can reach more than 60%.Effect after its control is mainly reflected in, and after the morbidity of leek epidemic disease, newborn leaf growth is comparatively rapid, and epidemic disease stops expansion substantially.Portugal's polyene sugar and the prevention and control of trichoderma harzianum to leek epidemic disease have certain effect, and its lasting period is long.In 8 chemical pesticides, the sharp preventive effect of Bhide is comparatively outstanding, and preventive effect reaches 69.74%.Therefore by this pharmacy test, Osthole and sharp all can the control in epidemic disease in leek produces of Bhide are promoted the use of.

B: filter out leek grey mold preventive effect good medicament 68% gold medal thunder water dispersant and 50% dimethomorph water dispersant: by finding the control efficiency investigation of leek gray mold, 68% gold medal thunder water dispersant 600 times and 50% dimethomorph water dispersant 30g/ mu preventive effect are about 65%, and all the other medicaments are to the quick-acting of leek gray mold and preventive effect all undesirable (table 17 and 18).

Biao17Tang Yuan town leek Chemicals test (gray mold) first time investigation

Biao18Tang Yuan town leek Chemicals test (gray mold) second time investigation

1.4.2 " three lure " technology preventive effect is introduced better

Lure composite board by yellow plate, frequency vibration lamp, property, add the utilization of high-efficiency low-toxicity medicament, the average effect of prevention and elimination of disease and pests reaches more than 85%.Thus decrease the prevention and controls in the past abusing medicine, multiplex medicine, decrease the impact on environment, ensured that leek safety in production and sustainability are produced.

Integrated and the demonstration of 1.5 leek high yield pest controlling technology obtains remarkable result

Show that ten thousand mu, Tang Yuan town leek (Huang) production base soil acidification degree is heavy and general through investigation, highly acid field proportion is up to 64.52%.Cause leek blade seriously dry point, caused by mainly soil acidification and sick worm endanger.According to above-mentioned every single technology result, thus integrated go out " applying organic manure+soil conditioning+damage by disease and insect prevention and control " integrated technology with strong points.Use through demonstration, effect is very remarkable.

1.5.1 integrated technology does sharp preventive effect to 2 ~ 4 years raw leek and output promotes significantly

After hotbed chives are gathered in, impose field master worker's soil conditioner by 50 kilograms every mu during first time ridging at every turn, apply 150 kilograms of fertilizers simultaneously, spread fertilizer over the fields earthing behind leek railway carriage or compartment, green prevention and control has been carried out to main diseases and insect pests simultaneously.After implementing, dry sharp preventive effect is 87.75% for this technology, and leek growth is vigorous, dark green, and plant height increases 24cm, and every mu of leek increases production 1883.4 kilograms, and rate of growth is 71.46%.Leek price, by 1.6 yuan/kilogram, can have a net increase of receipts more than 2600 yuan (table 19).

The dry point of table 19 demonstration area control leek blade and leek output investigation result

Note: leek price is by 1.6 yuan/kilogram.

Continuously carry out output investigation to second batch of leek after process, found that, leek second batch of output still shows as volume increase, but comparatively first batch (through using of soil conditioning and fertilizer) amount of increase in production declines (table 20).Therefore, advise carrying out a measure such as soil conditioning and applying organic manure after each harvesting leek.

Second batch, table 20 demonstration area leek output investigation result

1.5.2 integrated technology promotes obviously continuous cropping field fragrant-flowered garlic fragrant-flowered garlic output

Quicklime 15kg/ mu is added BGA conditioner 40 kgs/acre, is first sprinkling upon and treats kind of a leek field, plough deeply once.Above treating evenly to be sprinkling upon by the Blockbuster biological organic fertilizer of 40kg/ mu after two days, then soil rake is carefully got final product ridging.Transplant planting more solito.Blockbuster fertilizer 40kg/ mu and composite fertilizer 20kg is imposed when leek first time ridging.Apply fertilizer identical in second time ridging with first time.Investigation result finds, leek turns green more untreated field soon after planting, and leek growth is also relatively vigorous.By the mensuration to hotbed chives output, treated leek plant height and fresh weight all increase (table 21).By 3000 jin every mu calculations, every mu is increased production 578 jin.Economic worth deducts every mu of 350 yuan of dropping into, and has a net increase of and reaches 2250 yuan.

Table 21 soil conditioning continuous cropping field result of the test

1.5.3 integrated technology promotes also very remarkable to new leek field hotbed chives output of planting

Ground is ploughed deeply (at least 25cm ~ 30cm) once, again conditioner is pressed 100 kilograms/every mu, evenly spread fertilizer over the fields above, then meticulous conditioner and the soil of making fully mixes wholely, ditches subsequently by the spacing of 80 ㎝, ditch depth 20 ㎝ ~ 25 ㎝, furrow width 20cm ~ 25cm, the low bank of earth between fields training formed after trench digging is directly just being trained, then to clap having peace of mind from both sides the low bank of earth between fields, finally field planting leek seedling is being treated in whole for bottom of trench thin leveling.Thereafter leek managerial skills are local Routine Management.When gathering in the crops, investigation finds that (table 22) is by after quicklime and the conditioning of BGA land for growing field crops, and the long and wide plant height of leek blade and diameter stem increase all to some extent, and output obviously promotes.Rate of growth after BGA conditioning reaches 54.84%, and effect is very remarkable.

The hotbed chives output investigation after leek soil conditioning newly planted by table 22

In this specification, each embodiment adopts the mode of going forward one by one to describe, and what each embodiment stressed is the difference with other embodiment, identical similar portion cross-reference between each embodiment.

Spoken of in this manual " embodiment ", " another embodiment ", " embodiment ", etc., refer to the specific features, structure or the feature that describe in conjunction with this embodiment and be included at least one embodiment of the application's generality description.Multiple place occurs that statement of the same race is not necessarily refer to same embodiment in the description.Furthermore, when describing specific features, structure or a feature in conjunction with any embodiment, what advocate is also fall within the scope of the invention to realize this feature, structure or feature in conjunction with other embodiments.

Although with reference to multiple explanatory embodiment of the present invention, invention has been described here, but, should be appreciated that, those skilled in the art can design a lot of other amendment and embodiment, these amendments and embodiment will drop within spirit disclosed in the present application and spirit.More particularly, in the scope of and claim open in the application, multiple modification and improvement can be carried out to the building block of subject combination layout and/or layout.Except the modification of carrying out building block and/or layout is with except improvement, to those skilled in the art, other purposes also will be obvious.

Claims (1)

1. administer a method for the dry point of leek/Huang, it is characterized in that, comprising:

Soil conditioning: the acid degree of the acid ground of plantation leek/Huang is reduced, is adjusted to faintly acid, neutrality or weakly alkaline soil; After leek/Huang at every turn harvesting, impose field master worker's soil conditioner by least 50 kilograms every mu during first time ridging, apply every mu of at least 150 kilograms of fertilizers simultaneously, spread fertilizer over the fields earthing behind leek railway carriage or compartment; Or

By quicklime at least 15kg/ mu add BGA conditioner at least 40 kgs/acre, be first sprinkling upon and treat kind of a leek field, plough deeply once; Above treating the Blockbuster biological organic fertilizer of 40kg/ mu to be evenly sprinkling upon after two days, then by ridging after thin for soil rake, then transplant planting; Blockbuster fertilizer at least 40kg/ mu and composite fertilizer at least 20kg is imposed when leek first time ridging; Apply fertilizer identical in second time ridging with first time;

Also comprise damage by disease and insect prevention and control:

Sharp and the biopesticide osthole for preventing and treating leek epidemic disease of with medicament 68% gold medal thunder water dispersant, Bhide;

With medicament 68% gold medal thunder water dispersant and 50% dimethomorph water dispersant control leek grey mold; Apply " three lure " technology: lure composite board to prevent and treat by yellow plate, frequency vibration lamp, property simultaneously.